You have an evacuated container of fixed volume and known mass and introduce a known mass of a gas sample. Measuring the pressure at constant temperature over time, you are surprised to see it slowly dropping. You measure the mass of the gas- filled container and find that the mass is what it should be--gas plus container--and the mass does not change over time, so you do not have a leak.A. Suggest an explanation for your observations.B. At constant pressure, the mean free path () of a gas molecule is directly proportional to temperature (T). At constant temperature, 1 is inversely proportional to pressure (P). If you compare two different gas molecules at the same temperature and pressure, ) is inversely proportional to the square of the diameter (d) of the gas molecules. Put these facts together to create a formula for the mean free path of a gas molecule with a proportionality constant (call it Rmfp, like the ideal-gas constant).C. Define units for Rmtp

The polystyrene sample weighs 57.3 grammes in total. We made the assumption in this case that the heat given off by the hot body is equal to the heat absorbed by the cold body temperature.

We made the assumption in this case that the heat given off by the hot body is equal to the heat absorbed by the cold body temperature.

where, = the polystyrene's specific heat

C = water's specific heat

T = polystyrene mass

M = 100.0 g of water mass

T1 is the system's end temperature, while I is the polystyrene's starting temperature.

F is the water's starting temperature.

The weight of the polystyrene is 59.6 g (mpmp).

Once you've entered all the values into the formula above, you'll obtain

Consequently, the polystyrene sample weighs 57.3 grammes.

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The gas will have an ultimate pressure of 4.244 atm. An isomer with a distinct group arrangement across a double bond, ring, etc. is said to be a geometric isomer.

Coordination chemicals typically exhibit geometric isomers.

The gas's starting pressure is.

The gas's starting temperature is.

Let V be the gas's initial volume. As a result, the total volume will be 2V, or twice.

The provided diatomic gas is adiabatically expanded. Therefore, where is the ratio of the gas's specific heats, which is equal to 1.4 for a diatomic gas, will be the equation for the adiabatic process. Therefore, the final pressure can be calculated as follows:

As a result, the gas will have a final pressure of 4.244 atm.

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According to Dalton's law of partial pressure, the pressure of the oxygen collected is 98.02 kPa.

Pressure is defined as the force applied on an object perpendicular to it's surface per unit area over which it is distributed.Gauge pressure is a pressure which is related with the ambient pressure.

There are various units by which pressure is expressed most of which are derived units which are obtained from unit of force divided by unit of area . The SI unit of pressure is pascal .

In this case,  pressure of the oxygen collected is obtained by Dalton's law of partial pressure, as 101-2.98=98.02 kPa.

Thus, the  pressure of the oxygen collected is 98.02 kPa.

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Instead, the ability of strong acids to liberate hydrogen atoms (H+) into a particular solution determines their classification.

A solution with a pH greater than 7.0 is referred to as a base. Any solution where the percentage of Hydroxide ions is higher than the percentage of H+ ions is said to be basic. While certain bases immediately take H+, others produce OH- ions instead, which then react with hydrogen to create water. Acid: A solution with too many H+ ions. The Latin name for it is acidus, meaning means "sharp" or "sour." Base: An overabundance of OH- ions in a solution. Alkali is another word for base. Aqueous: A primarily water-based solution. Acids enrich solutions with Hydrogen Ions (H+). Hydrogen ions (H+) & chloride ions are produced when hydrochloric (HCl) splits (Cl-).

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1. (a) Electrolysis Cause a non- is the process of using ·Spontane electrical energy to cause a non Spontane reaction to occur.

Explanation: direct current is to an electrochemical soupe cell, a reaction that is When normally nonspontaneous can be made to proceed the process is called electrolysis. energy provides electrons for carrying applied externally and The Source of electrical the reaction in a nonspontaneous direction.

1) b) Oxidation always occurs in Anode, in any cell, Whether it would be an electrochemical cell or a galvanic cell. The only difference is the charge, in electrochemical- The cell-cell anode is +vely charged and Cathode is the -ve charged.

so, in an Anode electrolytic cell Oxidation, occurs at the Anode

1) C) reduction always occurs in Cathode for all types of cells. In an electrolytic, all reduction occurs at Cathode

1)(d) Acid releases H+ in Solution, in electro- chemicaly reation, eg, Hcl → H⁺ + c H+ reduce at the cathode to form H₂ gas.

H+ e(⁻) -> 1/2  H2 (g) ↑ 60,

In the electrochemical reaction, studied today, H(+) from Acid Was reduced to hydrogen gas.

1(e) cell potential (E), Δve = - NFE  Δve Gibbs Free energy, For Spontaneous reaction to occur, she has to be negative, There for E has to be positive

So, when the total cell potential is a positive value, this Indicates that the Positive electrochemical reaction is Positive.

1) (f) Faraday, represents the amount of electric charge Carried by one mole of electrons.

F (Faraday) = 96500 e/mol Number of electrons per mole, ie Avogrode number Charge of electron 6.023x1023 6.24 X1018 = 96500 C/mol F

1) g) when Δve of a reaction is positive, then the reaction becomes nonspontaneous, i.e. reaction does not occur spontaneously. Therefore we have to add that amount to the System energy that Can drive that reaction to occur.

So, The Power source supplies the energy necessary For a non-spontaneous reaction to occur.

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Answer:

water and ammonia (nh3)

Explanation:

NH3 + H2O => NH4OH

Answer: 1 mol .

Explanation:

At STP ;  1 mol of a gas contains a volume of 22.4 L (liters).

the structure and common name of of two enantiomeric compounds. if the optical rotation of a mixture of these enantiomers is ( )1.5 degrees g

What is enantiomeric compounds?

An enantiomer is one of two stereoisomers that cannot be superposed onto its own mirror image. It is also known as an optical isomer, antipode, or optical antipode. Enantiomers are similar to one's right and left hands in that they cannot be superimposed on one another when staring at the same face.

Because the effects of the two enantiomers cancel each other out molecule for molecule, a 50:50 mixture of the two enantiomers will not rotate plane polarised light. Racemate or racemic mixture is the term used to describe this kind of composition. A racemic combination has no defined rotation.

Enantiomeric excess is a technique for determining how much of the primary enantiomer is present in the mixture that is above 50%. It is set to 100% to represent the pure enantiomer and 0% to represent a racemic mixture. You may figure it out by multiplying the rotation of the combination as seen by the rotation of the pure enantiomer.

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When an electron is released from rest in a uniform electric field of magnitude 2.0×10^4N/C the acceleration of the electron is 3.15x10^15m/s2.

Given the magnitude of electric field (E) = 2.0x10^4N/C

The magnitude of the force acting on the electron is F = qE  where E is the magnitude of the electric field at its location and q is the charge of electron. q= 1.602x10-19C

From Newton's second law the acceleration of the electron: F = ma

where m is the mass of electron = 9.11x10-31kg

By comparing above two equations we have ma = qE

a = qxE/m = 1.602x10-19 x 2.0x10^4/9.11x10-31 = 3.51x10^15m/s2

Hence the acceleration of the electron = 3.51x10^15ms-2.

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Answer:

Na2S

Explanation:

since the charge of Na is +1 and the charge of S -2

In a closed system, which is one where no matter can enter or leave, the total mass remains constant so mass will NOT change during a chemical reaction in a closed system and the correct option is option B and D.

In a closed system, the total mass remains constant according to the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. Therefore, during a chemical reaction in a closed system, the mass of the substances involved will not change.

There is no release or absorption of energy whereas the rearrangement of atoms and molecules can result in changes in density. It is important to note that while mass remains constant, the composition and arrangement of the substances can undergo significant transformations.

Thus, the ideal selection is option B and D.

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Answer:

Explanation:

TERTIARY ALCOHOL:

The alcohols where the carbon to which the hydroxide group is linked is 3 ' C carbon, as it has 3 alkyl groups attached to it.

TERTIARY COMPOUND:

A carbon attached to 3 other carbons is tertiary compound.

For a 3.00 M solution of KOH : the H⁺ , pH, pOH and OH⁻ is given as : Omit molarity units :

[H⁺] = 1.39

pH = 14.47

pOH = -0.47

[OH⁻] = 3

given that :

KOH = 3.00 M

the KOH is the strong base , that means it will completely dissociates is given as follows :

KOH  --->   K⁺   +  OH⁻

[OH⁻] = 3.00 M

The pOH expression is given as :

pOH = - log  [OH⁻]

        = - log (3)

        = -0.47

The pH expression is given as :

pH = 14 - pOH

     = 14 + 0.47

      = 14.47

the [H⁺]  expression is given as :

pH = - log [H⁺]

[H⁺] = 10 ^-14.47

[H⁺]  = 1.39 M    

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Acids

There are various definitions for an acid. The simplest description of an acid is a chemical molecule with one or more hydrogen atoms that, when dissolved in water, gives forth hydronium ions (H3O+).

Because acids are molecular, they do not assume the expanded three-dimensional structures of ionic substances like NaCl and remain single molecules in their pure form. However, when these molecules are dissolved in water, a positively charged anion and a hydronium ion are produced as a result of the chemical connection between the hydrogen atom and the remainder of the molecule breaking. An equation involving chemicals can represent this:

HCl+H2O→H3O++Cl−

In an inorganic acid's formula, the H of the acid is written first. After the acid dissolves, the anion is all that is left of the acid (apart from the H). Although a significant class of chemicals, organic acids are not covered in this article.

Acid Names

Since all acids contain hydrogen, an acid's name is determined by the anion that it is associated with. These anions come in monatomic and polyatomic forms.

Binary acid names (in aqueous form)

An acid that contains hydrogen and another element is referred to as a binary acid. The majority of binary acids have a halogen in them. The prefix hydro- is used to start an acid name, which is then followed by the base name of the anion and the suffix -ic.

Oxyacids name

An oxyacid is an acid made up of three elements: hydrogen, oxygen, and another one. Typically, the third element is a nonmetal.

a) Oxyanions with the -ite end.

The anion's root is followed by the suffix -ous to form the name of the acid. No prefix is present.

b)Oxyanions that end in -ate.

The anion's root and the suffix -ic are used to identify the acid. No prefix is present.

In conclusion

Acids are molecular substances that discharge hydrogen ions.

The two elements hydrogen and the other make up a binary acid.

Hydrogen, oxygen, and another element are all present in oxyacids.

The anion that is bound to the hydrogen provides the basis for the acid's name.

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The complete balanced half-cell reaction is as follows:

Mg(s)+PdSO4(aq)---->MgSO4(aq)+Pd(s)

S1 solution= MgSO4 (magnesium sulfate) and S2 solution= PdSO4 (Palladium (II) sulfate)

A chemical reaction that takes place between an oxidizing substance and a reducing substance. The oxidizing substance loses electrons in the reaction, and the reducing substance gains electrons. Oxidation numbers, which are assigned to atoms in molecules by assuming that all bonds to the atoms are ionic. An increase in oxidation number during a reaction corresponds to oxidation, while a decreases corresponds to reduction.

Cathode: Pd^2+(aq)+2e- ---> Pd(s)

At cathode, reduction (gain of e- ) occurs.

At anode: Mg(s) ----> Mg^2+(aq)+2e-

Anode, oxidation (loss of e-) occurs

E1= Mg; (as left side of cell is anode)

E2= Pd; (as right side of cell is cathode)

S1 solution= MgSO4 (magnesium sulfate)

S2 solution= PdSO4 (Palladium (II) sulfate)

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a) Carbon tetra chloride in the preparation of alkynes acts a solvent

b) Hydrogen bromide in the preparation of alkynes adds across the multiple bonds of the alkyne

We know that in a chemical reaction, there are certain chemical species that are involved in the reaction because they interact and lead to the final products. In effect, the discussion about a chemical change just have to do with how reactants are able to interact with each other, bonds are broken and new bonds are made.

In each of the cases that have been mentioned in the question, what we have is an addition reaction. We can see that there is a substrate that has some reagents that act on it and then there is the product that we get as the bonds in the substrate are broken and new bonds are made.

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If you are going to bake potatoes, and your potatoes are soft and dehydrated, they can be soaked in hypotonic solution in a more firm before baking.

Before baking potatoes that are soft and dehydrated, it is important to give them a good soaking to make them firmer.

For this, a hypotonic solution such as salt water is preferred. Start by filling a large bowl with cold water and adding some salt. The salt will help to draw out moisture from the potatoes, making them firmer and more suitable for baking. Submerge the potatoes in the water and let them soak for at least 30 minutes.

Drain the water and pat the potatoes dry with a paper towel. This will remove any excess moisture and help them to crisp up when baking. You can then season the potatoes as desired and bake them as normal. The soaking process helps to rehydrate the potatoes, making them firmer and more suitable for baking.

The salt also helps to draw out moisture, so that when the potatoes are baked, they will be crisp on the outside and fluffy on the inside. The soaking process is an important step in preparing potatoes for baking, as it helps to make them firmer and more suitable for baking.

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Answer:

it's not possible for a solid material to transfer heat through convection.

Explanation:

This would require more movement within the material, than a solid is capable of.

This brings us to liquids and gases.

Option D; Any pair of aldehyde or ketone reactants where one of the reactants has no alfa-hydrogens will lead to a single aldol product.

Aldehydes are carbonyl compounds that are produced both naturally and artificially and are present everywhere in the environment. Aldehydes are reactive species, therefore naturally, they are hazardous to the body. Any member of the family of organic compounds known as an aldehyde contains a carbon atom that also shares a single bond with a hydrogen atom, a double bond with an oxygen atom, and a double bond with another atom or group of atoms (designated R in general chemical formulas and structure diagrams). All aldehydes have what is known as the carbonyl group, a double bond between carbon and oxygen. Many aldehydes have pleasant aromas, and in theory, they are created by dehydrogenating (removing hydrogen) alcohols, which is how the word "aldehyde" originated.

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The structure of the Copper(1) hypochlorite is ClCuO.

We know that the chemical formula has to do with the way that we are able to show the compound or indeed any other chemical specie on paper. In this case we have the compound that has been shown as Copper(1) hypochlorite.

It should be known that in the IUPAC nomenclature, the name of the compound must be such that we can be able to write the structure of the compound from the name of the compound. This is applied in writing the structure of any compound.

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The products of a rxn in order:

1. Balance the skeleton equation and add state symbols (when applicable) to create a complete balanced equation

2. Write all reactants in ion notation.

3. Bond all the ions, reactants and products, to produce a skeleton equation

4. According to the pattern the reactants predict, move the ions only to the correct arrangement as products.

1. Balance the skeleton equation and add state symbols (when applicable) to create a complete balanced equation.

2. Write all reactants in ion notation.

3. Bond all the ions, reactants and products, to produce a skeleton equation.

4. According to the pattern the reactants predict, move the ions only to the correct arrangement as products.

For example, if the reactants are NH4+ and OH- and the predicted products are NH3 and H2O, the skeleton equation would be NH4+ + OH- --> NH3 + H2O.

The process of moving the ions to the correct positions would then be: NH4+ + OH- --> NH4OH --> NH3 + H2O.

5. Once the ions are in the correct positions, double check that the equation is balanced by counting the number of atoms on both sides of the equation (i.e. the number of nitrogen atoms must be the same on both sides, the number of hydrogen atoms must be the same on both sides, and the number of oxygen atoms must be the same on both sides).

6. Move the ions only to the correct arrangement as products: Move the ions to the correct positions to form the products of the reaction. Make sure that the number of atoms on each side of the equation are equal and the state.

7. If the equation is balanced, you have successfully predicted.

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The reaction between no(g) and o2(g) to produce no2(g) in a rigid reaction vessel at constant temperature. the pressure will decrease because there are fewer product molecules than reactant molecules, the pressure will decrease.

A fluid (liquid or gas) applying force to a surface is measured as applying pressure. Usually, pressure is expressed as a force per unit of surface area. For the purpose of measuring pressure and vacuum, numerous techniques have been created.

The physical concept of temperature indicates in numerical form how hot or cold something is. A thermometer is used to determine temperature.

Thermometers are calibrated using a variety of temperature scales, which historically defined distinct reference points and thermometric substances. The most popular scales are the Celsius scale, sometimes known as centigrade, with the unit symbol °C, the Fahrenheit scale (°F), and the Kelvin scale (K), with the latter being mostly used for scientific purposes. One of the seven base units in the International System of Units is the kelvin (SI).

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Genetics focus on short tandem repeats in the DNA, that are non-coding regions.

DNA is a genetic material of human beings, plants and animals. It serves an of carrying information for survival, growth, development, immunity, digestion, metabolism and other significant processes. Besides, it is unique among each individual and hence can be utilised for identification.

DNA typing or fingerprinting is known by several other names. At a specific locus, there repeated units of nitrogenous bases. However, the number varies which can be detected to identify the family relationship, parentage, identity and transplantation.

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Identify each statement as True or False a) True b) True c) True d) False  Not just pure water, but all aqueous solutions are subject to the equilibrium constant Kw.

In pure water, the concentrations of the hydronium and hydroxide ions are identical, making the solution neutral. Based on how much they ionise in water, acids and bases are categorised as strong or weak. - Salt and water are typically produced when acids and bases react. When the amount of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions are equilibrium in moles, neutralisation takes place. The weak acid neutralises the base when it is introduced to the mixture.

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Certain types of cancer treatment involve chemicals that disrupt the formation of microfilaments. such chemicals most likely interfere with the Formation of the mitotic spindle.

Chemotherapeutic drugs target cells in various stages of the cell cycle. Understanding how these drugs work helps doctors predict which drugs work well together. Physicians can also plan the frequency of administration of each drug based on cell-phase timing.

Drugs that inhibit mitosis appear to act through a common mechanism of suppressing microtubule dynamics and killing tumor cells. Paclitaxel and vinca alkaloids are the first class of antimitotic agents discovered to inhibit cancer cell growth. Microtubules residing in the cytoplasm begin to depolymerize more rapidly as cells pass through prophase.

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Atomic radii decreases  along a period and increases along a group in the periodic table.

Periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements in the form of a table. In the periodic table, elements are arranged according to the modern periodic law which states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.

It is called as periodic because properties repeat after regular intervals of atomic numbers . It is a tabular arrangement consisting of seven horizontal rows called periods and eighteen vertical columns called groups.

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Organisms cycle fixed carbon back into carbon dioxide is just the producers

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The ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is an effective antidote for heavy metal poisoning (e.g., Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺ ).

The ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is also known as EDTA is very helpful in the treatment of chronic and the acute lead poisoning . it pull out the toxins , the heavy metals like as lead , mercury, cadmium from the blood stream. The ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is used as a chelating agent . the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid  has the claw like structure which binds the heavy metals and the other toxins also. the claw means chelate.

Thus, an effective antidote for heavy metal poisoning is the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

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