Answer: False
Explanation:
If you want to hedge the risk of owning the stock then that would mean that you want to take measures to ensure that you don't lose out if prices fall.
A call option is not the way to do this because call options are bought with the expectations that prices will go up. If you buy call options then and the prices fall, you would make a loss on both the call options and the stock that you own.
A good way to hedge this would be to take Put options on the stock. Put options help you benefit if prices fall because you would be allowed to sell at a certain price unaffected by the fall in prices.
A company budgeted unit sales of 274000 units for January, 2017 and 310000 units for February 2017. The company has a policy of having an inventory of units on hand at the end of each month equal to 30% of next month's budgeted unit sales. If there were 82200 units of inventory on hand on December 31, 2016, how many units should be produced in January, 2017 in order for the company to meet its goals
Answer:
Calculation of the Ending inventory required to be maintained
Particulars Amount
Next months budgeted sales 310,000
% of unit required to be maintained 30%
at the end of current month
Number of units required to be 93,000
maintained at the end of the
current month
Unit to be produced = Budgeted sales for the month + Ending inventory + Beginning inventory
Unit to be produced = 274,000 + 93,000 + 82,200
Unit to be produced = 449,200
Thus, the number of units to be produced in the month of January 2013 are 449,200 units.
A(n) ____ is a computer-based information system designed to help knowledge workers select one of many alternative solutions to a problem.
Answer: decision support system (DSS)
Explanation:
A decision support system better known as (DSS) is a computer based program which is used to support or aid determinations, judgments, and courses of action been taken in an organization or a business. A DSS browses through and analyzes massive amounts of data, thereby compiling comprehensive information which can be used to solve problems and make important decisions in and organization or business.
Eric left high school to work in a factory where he has been for the last 9 years. He married at 19 and has two children. He is unhappy and cynical. He doesn't like working hard to make purchase decisions so he waits until a product is easy to find before he buys.
A. EA
B. EM
C. I
D. L
E. LM
Answer: D. L
Explanation:
Eric is a Laggard. A Laggard is one of the 5 Adopter categories when it comes to new products in the market. These categories define people in terms of when they adopt a product as well as why.
Laggards are the last group to adopt a product. They do not like change and as such will only adopt a product when it is forced on them on when they have no choice because the product is so widespread that everyone is using it. Eric prefers to make a purchase only when it is easy to find. That is when the product has become quite widespread which is during the Laggard adoption stage.
Identify whether each of the following examples belongs in M1 or M2.
a. Van has $2,500 in a savings account.
b. Paolo has a $10 bill in his wallet.
c. Amy has $7,000 in a six-month certificate of deposit (CD).
Answer: The answer is given below
Explanation:
It should be noted that M1 will be derived as Currency plus the Travelers check while M2 will be M1 plus the certificate of deposit plus the money market account.
a. Van has $2,500 in a savings account.
It should be noted that money in a savings account will have to be included in M2.
b. Paolo has a $10 bill in his wallet.
This fits into the description of both M1 and M2 forms of money.
c. Amy has $7,000 in a six-month certificate of deposit (CD)
The certificate of deposit is included in the M2.
Answer:
Option A is M2
Option B is M1
Option C is M2
Explanation:
The above classifications speak to various categories of money supply.
M1 refers to the supply of money that is composed of physical currency such as notes, coins, demand deposits other checkable deposits, etc.
Simply put, M1 would include forms of money that are liquid or easy to convert into cash.
M2 and M3 which are also known as "near money" and "near, near money," are money types which cannot be converted to currency as quickly as M1.
Another example of M2 is Money Market Mutual Funds. M1 is often included when calculating for M2.
Cheers!
On July 1, 2017, Lopez Company paid $1,400 for six months of insurance coverage. No adjustments have been made to the Prepaid Insurance account, and it is now December 31, 2017. Zim Company has a Supplies account balance of $5,400 on January 1, 2017. During 2017, it purchased $2,200 of supplies. As of December 31, 2017, a supplies inventory shows $900 of supplies available. Prepare the journal entries to reflect expiration of the insurance and correctly report the balance of the Supplies account and the Supplies Expense account as of December 31, 2017.
Answer:
Lopez Company
the journal entries to record prepaid insurance:
July 1, 2017, 6 months of insurance are prepaid
Dr Prepaid insurance 1,400
Cr Cash 1,400
the adjusting entry made on December 31 to record insurance expense:
December 31, 2017, insurance expense
Dr Insurance expense 1,400
Cr prepaid insurance 1,400
Zim Company
supplies account initial balance $5,400
then it purchased $2,200 worth of supplies during the year
final account balance $900
supplies expense = $5,400 + $2,200 - $900 = $6,700
Adjusting journal entry:
December 31, 2017, supplies expense
Dr Supplies expense 6,700
Cr Supplies 6,700
Ending balances:
Supplies expense account $6,700Supplies account $900Swan Textiles Inc. produces and sells a decorative pillow for $98.00 per unit. In the first month of operation, 2,200 units were produced and 1,800 units were sold. Actual fixed costs are the same as the amount budgeted for the month. Other information for the month includes: Variable manufacturing costs $24.00 per unit Variable marketing costs $5.00 per unit Fixed manufacturing costs $13.00 per unit Administrative expenses, all fixed $21.00 per unit Ending inventories: Direct materials −0− WIP −0− Finished goods 400 units What is the operating income using variable costing?
Answer:
Net operating profit= 57,800
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Selling price= $98
Units sold= 1,800
Variable manufacturing costs $24.00 per unit
Variable marketing costs $5.00 per unit
Fixed manufacturing costs $13.00 per unit
Administrative expenses, all fixed $21.00 per unit
First, we need to calculate the total fixed costs:
Total fixed manufacturing cost= 13*2,200= 28,600
Total administrative cost= 21*1,800= 37,800
Variable costing income statement:
Sales= 98*1,800= 176,400
Total variable cost= 1,800*(24 + 5)= (52,200)
Contribution margin= 124,200
Total fixed manufacturing cost= (28,600)
Total administrative cost= (37,800)
Net operating profit= 57,800
Waupaca Company establishes a $450 petty cash fund on September 9. On September 30, the fund shows $185 in cash along with
Complete Question:
Waupaca Company establishes a $450 petty cash fund on September 9. On September 30, the fund shows $185 in cash along with along with receipts for the following expenditures: transportation-in, $40; postage expenses, $120; and miscellaneous expenses, $80. The petty cashier could not account for a $25 shortage in the fund. The company uses the perpetual system in accounting for merchandise inventory. Prepare (1) the September 9 entry to establish the fund, (2) the September 30 entry to reimburse the fund, and (3) an October 1 entry to increase the fund to $600.
Answer:
Waupaca Company
Journal Entries:
September 9:
Debit Petty Cash Account $450
Credit Cash Account $450
To record the establishment of the petty cash fund.
September 30:
Debit Freight-in $40
Debit Postage Stamps $120
Debit Miscellaneous Expenses $80
Credit Petty Cash account $240
To record the expenses from petty cash fund.
Debit Shortage $25
Credit Petty Cash account $25
To record the cash shortage incurred.
October 1:
Debit Petty Cash account $415
Credit Cash Account $415
To record the increase of the petty cash fund to $600.
Explanation:
September 9: Petty Cash Fund = $450
September 9 to 30: Expenses:
Transportation-in, $40
Postage expenses, $120;
Miscellaneous expenses, $80 $240
Balance supposed to $210
Cash in hand $185
Shortage $25
b) The petty cash fund operates on the petty cash system, whereby a fund is earmarked for petty cash expenses. This fund is called the float or the petty cash imprest. At the end of a month, the incurred expenses are summed so that the petty cashier can be reimbursed with the actual expenses made to restore the float. This amount of the imprest can also be increased or reduced at any time, depending on management discretion.
Indicate whether each of the following would be added to or deducted from net income in determining net cash flow from operating activities by the indirect method: a. Increase in merchandise inventory b. Increase in prepaid expenses c. Depreciation of fixed assets d. Gain on disposal of fixed assets e. Amortization of patent f. Increase in notes payable due in 120 days to vendors g. Increase in accounts payable h. Decrease in wages payable i. Decrease in notes receivable due in 60 days from customers j. Decrease in accounts receivable k. Loss on retirement of long-term debt
Answer:
The answer is
A - Deducted
B - Deducted
C - Added
D - Deducted
E - Added
F - Added
G - Added
H - Deducted
I - Added
J- Added
K - Added
Explanation:
Rule:
Increase in liability will be added to net income while decrease in liability will deducted from net income.
Increase in asset will be deducted from net income while decrease in asset will be added to net income
A - Deducted
B - Deducted
C - Added
D - Deducted
E - Added
F - Added
G - Added
H - Deducted
I - Added
J- Added
K - Added
A company is considering a new project that will cost $19,000. This project would result in additional annual revenues of $6,000 for the next 5 years. The $19,000 cost is an example of a(n):
Answer:
Incremental cost
Explanation:
The Incremental cost is the cost that is to be incurred for producing an additional unit of product
Here the company considered a new project which cost $19,000 so this is an example of an incremental cost as the additional cost is incurred for producing additional units
Therefore the given situation represents the incremental cost
Seven Manufacturing Corporation uses both standards and budgets. The company estimates that production for the year will be 100,000 units of Product Fast. To produce these units of Product Fast, the company expects to spend $600,000 for materials and $800,000 for labor.
Required:
Compute the estimates for a standard cost.
Answer:
Unitary cost= $14
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Production= 100,000
To produce these units of Product Fast, the company expects to spend $600,000 for materials and $800,000 for labor.
First, we need to calculate the total cost and then the unitary cost:
Total cost= 600,000 + 800,000= $1,400,000
Unitary cost= 1,400,000/100,000= $14
Gen-Fast Shoes wants to expand internationally and is deciding if its line of tennis shoes can be sold at a high price in Europe. One way for Gen-Fast Shoes to assess this is to determine whether these types of shoes in the foreign market offer customers greater.
a. cost.
b. exports.
c. value.
d. competition.
e. production.
Answer: value
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Gen-Fast Shoes wants to expand internationally and is deciding if its line of tennis shoes can be sold at a high price in Europe.
One way for Gen-Fast Shoes to assess this is to determine whether these types of shoes in the foreign market offer customers greater value.
Value simply means the worth of something. When people realize that the tennis shoes are worth it, it'll command a high value.
"Which of the following are covered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934? I Registration of new issues II Stabilization of new issues III Registration of exchanges IV Registration of broker/dealers"
Answer: II. stabilization of new issues
III. registration of exchanges
IV. registration of broker-dealers
Explanation:
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 was put in place in order to be in charge of security trading.
From the options, those that are covered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 include the stabilization of new issues, the registration of exchanges and the registration of broker/dealers.
It should be noted that the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 does not cover the registration of new issues.
Assume MIX Inc. has sales volume of $1,198,000 for two products with May sales and contribution margin ratios as follows:
Product A: Sales $466,000; Contribution Margin Ratio 30%
Product B: Sales $732,000; Contribution Margin Ratio 60%
Required: Assume MIX's fixed expenses are $302,000. Calculate the May total contribution margin, operating income, average contribution margin ratio, and breakeven sales volume. (Round "Average contribution margin ratio" answer to 2 decimal places. Round up "Breakeven sales volume" answer to nearest whole dollar.)
Total contribution margin
Operating income
Average contribution margin ratio
Breakeven sales volume
Answer:
total contribution margin = $579,000
operating income = $277,000
average contribution margin ratio = 48.33%
break even sales volume = $624,870.68
Explanation:
Product A: Sales $466,000; Contribution Margin Ratio 30%
Product B: Sales $732,000; Contribution Margin Ratio 60%
Mix's fixed expenses are $302,000
total contribution margin = ($466,000 x 30%) + ($732,000 x 60%) = $139,800 + $439,200 = $579,000
weighted contribution margin = (466/1198 x 30%) + (732/1198 x 60%) = 11.67% + 36.66% = 48.33%
break even sales volume = $302,000 / 48.33% = $624,870.68
operating income = $579,000 - $302,000 = $277,000
Problems which deal with the direct distribution of products from supply locations to demand locations are called:____________.
a. Transportation problems
b. Assiignment problems
c. Network problems
d. Transshipment problems
Answer:
a. Transportation problems
Explanation:
In Business management, problems which deal with the direct distribution of products from supply locations to demand locations are called transportation problems.
Transportation is a supply chain technique which primarily includes all of the process involved in the distribution of finished goods and services from the production line to the consumers or end users, so as to meet their needs or wants.
Oriole Company uses flexible budgets. At normal capacity of 15000 units, budgeted manufacturing overhead is $120000 variable and $360000 fixed. If Oriole had actual overhead costs of $483000 for 18000 units produced, what is the difference between actual and budgeted costs
Answer:
$21,000 favorable
Explanation:
Given the above information,
Variable overhead rate = $120,000 / 15 units
= $8
Overhead variance = Real - Allocated
= $483,000 - (8 × 18,000 + $360,000 )
= $483,000 - $504,000
= $21,000 favorable
The following information ($ in millions) comes from a recent annual report of Amazon.com, Inc.:Net sales $ 10,711Total assets 4,363End of year balance in cash 1,022Total stockholders' equity 431Gross profit (Sales-Cost of Sales) 2,456Net increase in cash for the year 9Operating expenses 2,067Net operating cash flow 702Other income (expense), net (12)a. Compute Amazon's balance in cash at the beginning of the year.b. Compute Amazon's total liabilities at the end of the year.c. Compute cost of goods sold for the year.
d. Compute the income before income tax for Amazon.
Answer and Explanation:
The computation is shown below:
1. Beginning cash balance is
= Ending cash balance - Increase in cash
= $1,022 - $9
= $1,013
2. As we know that
Assets = Total liabilities + Total Equity
$4,363 = Total liabilities + $431
= $4,363 - $431
= $3,932
3. Gross profit = Net sales - Cost of goods sold
so,
Cost of goods sold = Net sales - Gross profit
= $10,711 - $2,456
= $8,255
4. Income before taxes is
= Revenue - expenses
= $10,711 - $2,456 - $2,067 -$12
= $6,176
The Bell Weather Co. is a new firm in a rapidly growing industry. The company is planning on increasing its annual dividend by 20 percent a year for the next 4 years and then decreasing the growth rate to 5 percent per year. The company just paid its annual dividend in the amount of $2.00 per share. What is the current value of one share of this stock if the required rate of return is 5.70 percent
Answer:
Current market value =$40.6
Explanation:
The Dividend Valuation Model is a technique used to value the worth of an asset. According to this model, the worth of an asset is the sum of the present values of its future cash flows discounted at the required rate of return.
PV of dividend from year 1 to 4
Year Present Value
1 2 × (1.2) ×(1.057)^(-1) = 2.27
2 2 × (1.2)^2×(1.057)^(-2)= 2.58
3 2 × (1.2)^3×(1.057)^(-3) = 2.93
4 2 × (1.2)^4×(1.057)^(-4) = 3.32
Total PV = 11.10
PV of dividend from year 1 to 4 = 11.10
PV of dividend from year 5 and beyond
This will be done in two steps:
Step 1: PV (in year 4 terms) of dividends
( 2 × (1.2)^4× (1-0.05) )/(0.057--(0.05)) = 36.82
Step 2 : PV( in year 0 terms) of dividends
=PV in (year 4 terms)× (1+r)^-4
=36.82 × 1.057^(-4) = 29.50
PV of dividend from year 5 and beyond =29.50
Current market value = Total PV of dividend = 11.10 + 29.50 = $40.6
Current market value =$40.6
Suppose Income Summary received a debit of $75,000 and a credit of $100,000. The net income or net loss for the period must have been:
Answer: Net income of $25000
Explanation:
Suppose Income Summary received a debit of $75,000 and a credit of $100,000, there will be a net income of $25000.
This is because we've a credit of $100,000 and a debit of $75,000 and since the credit is higher than the debit, it shows that there will be a net income.
Cecilia is observing assembly line workers performing their tasks. She's watching to see who they interact with, what machines they use, and how much they are supervised. Cecilia is most likely conducting a:_________.
A) work flow analysis.
B) performance appraisal.
C) job redesign.
D) job analysis.
Answer:
Option D (Job analyses) is the correct choice.
Explanation:
Assessment including its particular characteristics of such a job profile by careful evaluation including a critical review of the systematic tasks, facilities needed, employment conditions, as well as development level in some kind of an employee typically as either a complementary approach towards a job description.Analysis of career helps in understanding which assignments are relevant and how they've been conducted out.Some other options don't apply to the format prescribed. So option D is indeed the right one.
Krystal is 47 years old and single. She is a high school principal, making $75,000 a year. She currently owns a 401(k) valued at $85,000. Krystal would like to retire at age 65 with $1.2 million in her retirement nest egg. She plans to contribute $12,000 a year to her retirement fund, growing at 10%.Required:a. Will Krystal reach her goal? Justify your answer by using the Investment Calculator on Foundations U b. If she won't reach her goal, what needs to change in order for her to reach it? c. Is it really possible to get 10% growth in an investment fund? How?
Answer:
a) Krystal's account balance when she is 65:
$75,000 x (1 + 10%)¹⁸ = $416,993.80
$12,000 x 45.599 (FV annuity factor, 10%, 18 periods) = $547,188
total account balance = $964,181.80
Krystal will not reach her goal.
b) she need to save $1,200,000 - $964,181.80 = $235,818.20
she will need to save an extra $235,818.20 / 45.599 = $5,171.57 per year
her total contributions per year = $12,000 + $5,171.57 = $17,171.57
c) The historical growth rate of the S&P 500 is 12%, so it is really possible to earn at least 10%. Maybe the stock market is not going well right now, but you must remember that retirement accounts are long term accounts and last for many years. The market will have time to bounce back.
B MC Qu. 7-200 Krepps Corporation produces ... Krepps Corporation produces a single product. Last year, Krepps manufactured 29,010 units and sold 23,900 units. Production costs for the year were as follows: Direct materials Direct labor Variable manufacturing overhead Fixed manufacturing overhead $214,674 $121,842 $243,684 $319, 110 Sales totaled $1,159,150 for the year, variable selling and administrative expenses totaled $126,670, and fixed selling and administrative expenses totaled $205,971. There was no beginning Inventory. Assume that direct labor is a variable cost. Under absorption costing, the ending Inventory for the year would be valued at:_________ (Round your Intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places.)
a) $158.410
b) $228.410
c) $219.910
d) $185.910
Answer:
a) $158.41
Explanation:
Unit product cost under absorption costing = Direct materials + Direct labor + Variable manufacturing overhead + Fixed manufacturing overhead / Total manufactured units
= (214,674 + 121,842 + 243,684 + 319,110) /29,010
= $899,310 / 29,010 unit
= $31 per unit
Ending inventory = $29,010 - $23,900 / $31
= $5110 * 31 per unit
= $158,410
Just how strong the competitive pressures are from substitute products depends on: Select one: a. Whether the available substitutes are products or services b. The speed with which buyer needs and expectations are changing c. Whether attractively priced substitutes are readily available and the ease with which buyers can switch to substitutes d. Whether the producers of substitutes have ample budgets for new product R
Answer: c. Whether attractively priced substitutes are readily available and the ease with which buyers can switch to substitutes
Explanation:
Substitute products are the product that can be used in place of another identical product e.g butter and margarine.
Just how strong the competitive pressures are from substitute products depends on whether attractively priced substitutes are readily available and the ease with which buyers can switch to substitutes.
Sudoku Company issues 17,000 shares of $8 par value common stock in exchange for land and a building. The land is valued at $230,000 and the building at $372,000. Prepare the journal entry to record issuance of the stock in exchange for the land and building.
Answer:
Debit Land for $230,000
Debit Building for $372,000
Credit Common Stock (w.1) for $136,000
Credit Paid in capital in excess of per value (w.2) for $466,000
Explanation:
The journal entry will look as follows:
Account Name Dr ($) Cr ($)
Land 230,000
Building 372,000
Common Stock (w.1) 136,000
Paid in capital in excess of per value (w.2) 466,000
(To record issuance of stock in exchange for the land and building.)
Workings:
w.1: Common stock = Number of shares issued * Price per share = 17,000 * $8 = $136,000
w.2: Paid in capital in excess of per value = Value of land + Value of building - Common stock = $230,000 + $372,000 - $136,000 = $466,000
Bramble Corp. purchased equipment for $48800. Sales tax on the purchase was $2928. Other costs incurred were freight charges of $732, repairs of $427 for damage during installation, and installation costs of $813. What is the cost of the equipment
Answer:
Cost of equipment = $52,887
Explanation:
According to International Accounting Standards (IAS) 16, property plants and equipment, the cost of land includes all of the cost necessary to bring and make it ready for the intended use.
These costs include purchase cost, fees and commission associated with the purchase transaction.
Here in this question the installation cost, sales taxes and repairs slab all fall within the definition of IAS 16
Hence cost of the equipment
48,800 + 2,928 + 732 + 427 = $52,887
Cost of equipment = $52,887
Select the correct answer.
What does a production possibilities curve represent?
ОА.
a combination of price and demand of goods and services
B.
a combination of the goods produced before and after a change in a factor of production
Ос.
a combination of two factors of production used to produce a single good or service
OD
a combination of two goods that can be produced using limited resources
The statement that describes what a production possibility curve represent is: D.
What is Production Possibility Curve?Production possibility curve can be described as that which shows the quantity of two products that can possibly be produced if both products are to depend on the same resources for production to occur.The image attached below shows a typical production possibility curve.Therefore, the statement that describes what a production possibility curve represent is: D.
Learn more about production possibility curve on:
https://brainly.com/question/13934837
On January 1, 2017, Crane Company decided to begin accumulating a fund for asset replacement five years later. The company plans to make five annual deposits of $64000 at 10% each January 1 beginning in 2017. What will be the balance in the fund, on January 1, 2022 (one year after the last deposit)
Answer:
Balance in the account on January 1, 2022 =$820,525.44
Explanation:
Ordinary annuity is that in which the annual cash flow occurs at the end of each year for certain number of years.
Where the cash flow occurs at the beginning of the period, it is known as annuity due. The deposit scheme decided by Crane Company is annuity due, so we would need to work out the future value of an annuity due as follows:
Future Value of Annuity Due (FVAD): This represents the total sum that would accrue where the annual cash flow( each occurring at the beginning of the year) is compounded at a particular rate. It can be determined as
FV = A×( (1+r)^n - 1)/r)× (1+r)
This is the same formula as the ordinary annuity but with an additional provision for the the first cash flow to earn interest. This is effected by multiplying the ordinary annuity formula with (1+r)
Now, we can apply this formula to our question:
DATA
A-cash flow- 64,000
r- discount rate-10%
n-number of years- 5
FV = 64,000 × ( 1.1^5 - 1)/0.05 × 1.05 = 820,525.44
FV = 820,525.44
Balance in the account on January 1, 2022 =820,525.44
an investment under consideration has a payback of six years and a cost of 876000. Assume the cash flows are conventional. If the required return is 12 percent, what is the worst-case NPV?
Answer:
-43291.14
Explanation:
Npv = net present value
Payback = 6 years
Required return = 12 percent
Cost = 876000
When we talk about last case npv we mean that cash flow has gotten to its last future. The entire cost of 876000 will have to be paid after 6 years and after that future cash flows would exist.
Npv = -876000 +(876000/1.12)⁶
= -876000+443808.86
= = -43291.14
You bought a painting 7 years ago as an investment. You originally paid $145,000 for it. If you sold it for $307,000, what is your annual return on the investment
Answer:
11.3%
Explanation:
In this scenario a painting was bought at present value of $145,000 and sold at future value of $307,000. The time is 7 years in the future.
Return on investment is the gain on original cost of a project. A positive return on investment will result in profit of the project.
To calculate annual rate we use the following formula
Present value = Future value (1 + rate) ^ -number of years
145,000 = 307,000 {(1+r) ^ -7}
145,000/307,000 = (1+r) ^-7
0.4723 = (1 + r) ^ -7
1.113 = 1+ r
r = 0.113= 11.3%
Transactions that do not involve the original issue of securities take place in _________. A. primary markets B. secondary markets C. over-the-counter markets D. institutional markets
Answer:
B. secondary markets
Explanation:
The secondary market is the market in which the original issue of securities does not take place that means only existing securities are taken place i.e traded like purchase and sale of securities but not new one only existing one.
Therefore according to the given options, option B is correct
Hence, the other options are wrong
It is important negotiators consider the shadow negotiation carefully before meeting with the other party so they:________
a. understand where the boundaries of the current negotiations are and should be.
b. are clear in their own minds about the scope of the negotiations.
c. understand how they would ideally like to work with the other party.
d. determine what ground the negotiation is going to cover and how the negotiators are going to work together.
e. understand that all the above are important to the shadow negotiations.
Answer:
b. are clear in their own minds about the scope of the negotiations.
Explanation:
Shadow negotiations refer to the unspoken assumptions that determine how those involved in a deal with each other, whose opinions get heard, whose interests hold sway. Therefore, this is important so the negotiators are clear in their own minds about the scope of the negotiations. Meaning that they go into the negotiation knowing who has more bargaining power and how far they can actually take the negotiation.
