With George, the output of the shop increased by 8 sandwiches per hour. The 8 additional sandwiches is George's marginal product of labor. The correct answer is (a) marginal product of labor.
The marginal product of labor refers to the additional output produced by hiring one additional unit of labor while keeping other inputs constant. In this case, the output of the sandwich shop increased by 8 sandwiches per hour after hiring George. This increase represents the additional output attributable to George's contribution as the new worker. Therefore, the 8 additional sandwiches per hour is George's marginal product of labor.
The concept of marginal product of labor is a measure of how much additional output is produced when one additional unit of labor is added while holding other factors of production constant. It helps to understand the impact of changes in the quantity of labor on the overall production.
It quantifies the impact of his presence on the overall production of the sandwich shop.
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Gampel Insurance Company Is Preparing Several Insurance Proposals For Mirror Lake Manufacturing. The Estimated Loss
Gampel Insurance Company is preparing several insurance proposals for Mirror Lake Manufacturing. The estimated loss is $750,000.
i. Fire insurance policyii. Comprehensive general liability insurance policy. The estimated annual premium for the fire insurance policy assuming a 25% load would be $15,000, and the estimated annual premium for the comprehensive general liability insurance policy assuming a 25% load would be $30,000. A 25% load is added to the estimated loss for each policy to calculate the estimated annual premium. A load is a percentage that an insurance company adds to the estimated loss to cover operating expenses and generate a profit.
The estimated loss is the estimated amount of damage that would be covered by an insurance policy. In this case, the estimated loss is $750,000. The insurance company must use this estimate to determine the amount of coverage required and the estimated annual premium for each policy. After the coverage amount is determined, the insurance company calculates the premium for each policy by adding a load to the estimated loss.
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36 Which of the following is NOT a common warning sign? Changes in business strategy Requests for increased debt funding Changes in dividend payments Review Later Delays in reporting
The correct answer is "Review Later." "Review Later" is not a common warning sign. The other options - changes in business strategy, requests for increased debt funding, changes in dividend payments, and delays in reporting - are all commonly recognized as warning signs that may indicate potential issues or problems within a business or organization.
"Review Later" is not a common warning sign because it does not indicate any specific concern or potential issue within a business. On the other hand, changes in business strategy, requests for increased debt funding, changes in dividend payments, and delays in reporting are all commonly observed warning signs. These signs may suggest shifts in the company's direction, financial strain, possible financial distress, or transparency issues. Recognizing and addressing these warning signs promptly can help mitigate risks and ensure the overall health and stability of the business.
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Roger Thorpe is an African American candidate, was refused employment after revealing during an interview with L&S that he had a prior conviction for the sale of cocaine 14 years earlier. Is it standard practice for the company to require every candidate to reveal all prior criminal convictions? Is this an appropriate question? Explain?
Standard practice for companies does not typically require every candidate to reveal all prior criminal convictions. It depends on the job and legal requirements.
Depending on jurisdiction and company policy, hiring practices for disclosing prior criminal convictions differ. Companies cannot demand candidates disclose all prior criminal convictions without a valid cause connected to employment requirements or safety. Unless it's relevant to the work, many jurisdictions safeguard job candidates from criminal background discrimination. Asking about prior criminal convictions may be permissible if the conviction is relevant to the job or if legal or safety concerns mandate disclosure. A financial institution may ask about fraud or embezzlement convictions for positions managing sensitive financial data.
Roger Thorpe's prior conviction for selling cocaine may not be relevant to the job requirements or safety issues, so it may be discriminatory to deny him employment based on that information. Candidates' qualifications, skills, and experience should be evaluated based on job-related criteria.
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Barnes \& Noble is from the publisher and printer who make the books sold by Barnes \& Noble. Upstream Horizontally Integrated Dowintream Vertically Integrated Which of the following would be a "Direct to Consumer" supply chain? Producer - Consumer Producer - Wholesaler - Consumer Retailer - Consumer Producer - Retailer - Consumer
The "Direct to Consumer" supply chain would be: Producer-Consumer. In this supply chain, the producer directly sells the products to the end consumer without involving any intermediaries like wholesalers or retailers.
By eliminating intermediaries such as wholesalers or retailers, the producer has more control over the entire customer experience, from product development to marketing and distribution. This direct connection allows for better communication, personalized engagement, and the ability to gather valuable feedback directly from the consumers.
One of the key advantages of a "Direct to Consumer" supply chain is the potential for cost savings. By cutting out the middlemen, producers can bypass additional markups and expenses associated with traditional retail channels, allowing them to offer competitive pricing to consumers.
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Warner Bros. Supply Chain Connections
Warner Bros Entertainment Inc is a fully integrated, broad-based entertainment company and a global leader in the creation, production, distribution, licensing and marketing of all forms of entertainment and their related businesses. A Time Warner Company, the fully integrated, broad-based studio is home to one of the most successful collections of brands in the world and stands at the forefront of every aspect of the entertainment industry.
In the early 2000s, the five main divisions in Warner Bros are movies, television shows, animation, home video, and interactive entertainment (video games). Dividing such a large organisation along product lines allowed each business sector to develop product, pricing, and promotion policies, as well as supply chain strategies, independent of one another. But to the distributors and retailers who were Warner Bros’s direct customers, the view was quite different. Each of these customers had to deal with five separate billing and logistics processes – one for each business division. This created a wide range of problems as it did not allow customers to purchase all Warner Bros. products (DVDs and reels from different divisions) together for delivery on the same truck. Some customers went several days without receiving an order, only to have several trucks with Warner Bros orders arriving at the receiving dock at the same time on the same morning. Different product categories were shipped on different trucks with different invoices. The separate pricing and promotion policies, coupled with non-coordinated management of logistics activities across the five business divisions, resulted in different prices per item and order quantities of less-than-full truckloads.
After 2010, and having listened to customer complaints over the years, Warner Bros launched its streamlined logistics initiative. This simplified pricing and promotion structures. But, more importantly, Warner Bros redesigned the information and physical flows across the business divisions so that customers had to deal with only one Warner Bros billing process and one set of logistics processes. Optical discs, hard drives, satellite links, or the internet are the new ways of sharing the products of Warner Bros.
Source: Warner Bros Online
QUESTION:
1.The scenario highlights some of the areas where supply chain professionals have to apply their minds. Most companies will be impacted by some of the longer-term trends in supply chain management. Analyse the major trends in supply management and their impact from a strategic perspective.
2.To keep up with global competition and tap into the abilities of world-class suppliers, Warner Bros. must put in place sourcing systems. Critically analyse the sourcing strategies that can be applied by Warner Bros and the advantages that can accrue from each strategy.
1. The major trends in supply management and their impact from a strategic perspective are globalization, technology, sustainability, customer-centricity, risk management, and collaboration.
Globalization: With supply chain globalization, companies now have access to larger markets, cheaper labor, and greater competition. The primary strategy for managing global supply chains is to have robust communication processes, adaptability to change, and understanding of international regulations, currencies, and languages.
Technology: The trend of technology in supply chain management has been rising rapidly in recent years. Technology such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), and automation play a vital role in the supply chain. Technology helps organizations to optimize processes, increase efficiency, and reduce costs.
Sustainability: Organizations are increasingly being judged by their environmental and social impact. Sustainable supply chain management is aimed at balancing economic, environmental, and social aspects of business operations. It can help companies to cut costs, improve efficiency, and build a positive reputation.
Customer-centricity: Customers are now demanding high-quality products at affordable prices, and they want to be able to purchase and receive them quickly and conveniently. Companies that focus on customer-centric supply chain strategies tend to experience improved customer satisfaction, loyalty, and profitability.
Risk management: Supply chain risk management involves identifying, analyzing, and mitigating potential supply chain disruptions. Such risks include natural disasters, geopolitical factors, supplier failures, and cyber-attacks. A proactive approach to risk management can help companies to minimize the impact of unexpected disruptions.
Collaboration: Supply chain collaboration involves collaboration between supply chain partners, including suppliers, distributors, and customers, to achieve a common goal. Collaboration can help companies to optimize their supply chain operations, increase efficiency, reduce costs, and improve profitability.
2. Warner Bros can apply different sourcing strategies such as single sourcing, dual sourcing, multi-sourcing, outsourcing, and global sourcing. The advantages of each strategy vary.
Single sourcing: Warner Bros can choose to source from only one supplier. The advantages of single sourcing include reduced costs, improved supplier relationships, easier management of the supplier relationship, and greater economies of scale. The disadvantages include a high risk of supply chain disruption and over-reliance on a single supplier.
Dual sourcing: Dual sourcing involves sourcing from two different suppliers. The advantages of dual sourcing include reducing the risk of supply chain disruptions and ensuring a competitive market environment. However, this sourcing strategy may increase the complexity of supply chain management.
Multi-sourcing: Multi-sourcing involves sourcing from several suppliers. The advantages include reduced risks of supply chain disruptions, lower prices, and more competitive bidding processes. However, it may increase the complexity of the supply chain management process.
Outsourcing: Outsourcing involves delegating specific business functions to an external company or supplier. The advantages of outsourcing include cost savings, increased efficiency, and expertise. However, it may increase risks and reduce control over the outsourced functions.
Global sourcing: Global sourcing involves sourcing from suppliers around the world. The advantages of global sourcing include access to new markets, lower costs, and higher quality products. However, global sourcing may increase risks, such as geopolitical risks, cultural differences, and currency exchange risks.
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Cheer Inc. purchased machinery on January 1,2020 for $80,000. Management estimated its useful life to be 8 years and residual value to be $12,000. On December 31,2021 the machinery was sold for $40,000. If the double declining balance method was used for depreciation, what was the total accumulated depreciation at the date of sale?
The total accumulated depreciation at the date of sale (December 31, 2021) is $35,000.
To calculate the accumulated depreciation using the double declining balance method, we need to determine the annual depreciation expense first. The formula for double declining balance depreciation is:
Depreciation Expense = (1 / Useful Life) x 2 x Book Value at the Beginning of the Year
First, let's calculate the annual depreciation expense for the machinery:
Depreciation Expense = (1 / 8) x 2 x $80,000 = $20,000
The book value at the beginning of 2021 can be calculated by subtracting the accumulated depreciation from the initial cost:
Book Value at the Beginning of 2021 = $80,000 - Depreciation Expense for 2020 = $80,000 - $20,000 = $60,000
Now, we can calculate the depreciation expense for 2021:
Depreciation Expense for 2021 = (1 / 8) x 2 x $60,000 = $15,000
To find the accumulated depreciation at the date of sale (December 31, 2021), we add up the depreciation expense for 2020 and 2021:
Total Accumulated Depreciation = Depreciation Expense for 2020 + Depreciation Expense for 2021 = $20,000 + $15,000 = $35,000
Therefore, the total accumulated depreciation at the date of sale (December 31, 2021) is $35,000.
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Title: Budgeting. Find a business budget online that communicates the importance of budgeting with terminology relating to operating, financial, and master budgets. May not use Wikipeda. Cite in MLA Format.
Budgeting plays a crucial role in the financial management of businesses, helping them plan and allocate resources effectively. In this task, I have found an online business budget that highlights the significance of budgeting and incorporates terminology related to operating, financial, and master budgets. The example provides insights into how businesses can use budgeting to enhance their financial performance and achieve their goals.
I have found an online business budget on the website of a reputable financial institution. The budget showcases the importance of budgeting by outlining the various components, such as operating, financial, and master budgets, and their relevance in managing business finances. The operating budget focuses on day-to-day expenses and revenue projections, while the financial budget highlights the financial statements, cash flow management, and investment decisions. The master budget encompasses the entire financial plan, incorporating sales forecasts, production budgets, and cost estimates.
The example demonstrates how businesses can utilize budgeting to monitor and control their financial activities, make informed decisions, and ensure financial stability. It emphasizes the importance of aligning budgeting processes with strategic objectives and regularly reviewing and adjusting budgets to reflect changing business conditions. By effectively implementing budgeting techniques, businesses can enhance their financial performance, optimize resource allocation, and foster long-term sustainability.
MLA Citation:
[Author's Last Name, First Name]. "Title of Online Business Budget Example." Website Name, Publisher, Publication Date or Access Date, URL.
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The following events took place for Digital Vibe Manufacturing Company during January, the first month of its operations as a producer of digital video monitors: a. Purchased $168,500 of materials. b. Used $149,250 of direct materials in production. c. Incurred $360,000 of direct labor wages. d. Incurred $120,000 of factory overhead. e. Transferred $600,000 of work in process to finished goods. . Sold goods for $875,000. g. Sold goods with a cost of $525,000. h. Incurred $125,000 of selling expense. i. Incurred $80,000 of administrative expense. Using the information given, complete the following: a. Prepare the January income statement for Digital Vibe Manufacturing Company. Digital Vibe Manufacturing Company Income Statement For the Month Ended January 31 Operating expenses: Total operating expenses Feedback a. Use "1, g, h, and i" in preparing the income statement. b. Determine the Materials Inventory, Work in Process Inventory, and Finished Goods Inventory balances at the end of the first month of operations.
The balances at the end of the first month are: Materials Inventory : $19,250 , Work in Process Inventory: $100,750 , Finished Goods Inventory: $75,000
a. Prepare the January income statement for Digital Vibe Manufacturing Company.
Digital Vibe Manufacturing Company
Income Statement
For the Month Ended January 31
Sales Revenue: $875,000
Cost of Goods Sold:Beginning Inventory (0)
Plus: Purchased Materials ($168,500)
Less: Materials Used in Production ($149,250)
Direct Labor ($360,000)
Factory Overhead ($120,000)
Total Cost of Goods Sold
Gross Profit :
Operating Expenses:
Selling Expense ($125,000)
Administrative Expense ($80,000)
Total Operating Expenses
Net Income
Calculation of Cost of Goods Sold:
Cost of Goods Sold = Purchased Materials - Materials Used in Production + Direct Labor + Factory Overhead
= $168,500 - $149,250 + $360,000 + $120,000
= $499,250
Calculation of Gross Profit:
Gross Profit = Sales Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold
= $875,000 - $499,250
= $375,750
Operating expenses are given as: Selling Expense ($125,000) and Administrative Expense ($80,000).
b. Determine the Materials Inventory, Work in Process Inventory, and Finished Goods Inventory balances at the end of the first month of operations.
Materials Inventory:
Beginning Inventory: $0 (not given)
Plus: Purchased Materials ($168,500)
Less: Materials Used in Production ($149,250)
Ending Materials Inventory = Beginning Inventory + Purchased Materials - Materials Used in Production
= $0 + $168,500 - $149,250
= $19,250
Work in Process Inventory:
Beginning Inventory: $0 (not given)
Plus: Transferred to Finished Goods ($600,000)
Less: Cost of Goods Sold ($499,250)
Ending Work in Process Inventory = Beginning Inventory + Transferred to Finished Goods - Cost of Goods Sold
= $0 + $600,000 - $499,250
= $100,750
Finished Goods Inventory:
Beginning Inventory: $0 (not given)
Plus: Transferred from Work in Process ($600,000)
Less: Goods Sold ($525,000)
Ending Finished Goods Inventory = Beginning Inventory + Transferred from Work in Process - Goods Sold
= $0 + $600,000 - $525,000
= $75,000
Therefore, the balances at the end of the first month are:
Materials Inventory: $19,250
Work in Process Inventory: $100,750
Finished Goods Inventory: $75,000
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TRUE OR FALSE: The following is an example of Moral Hazard - A manager does not observe the
amount of effort the worker is exerting, and because of that, the total level of production is lower than
in the case where effort is observable.
The statement is true, as the situation described demonstrates moral hazard resulting from the non-observability of the worker's effort by the manager.
Moral hazard refers to a situation where one party, in this case, the worker, has an incentive to take risks or behave in a certain way because they know that the other party, the manager, cannot observe or monitor their actions or effort. In this case, the manager cannot observe the amount of effort exerted by the worker, which creates an information asymmetry.
As a result, the worker may choose to exert lower effort, leading to a lower level of production compared to a situation where effort is observable. This moral hazard problem arises due to the lack of monitoring or observation, allowing the worker to act in a way that is not aligned with the manager's expectations or interests. Hence, the statement is true.
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You expect to receive a one-time payment of $1,000 in 6 years and a second payment of $1,500 in 11 years. The annual interest rate is 4%. What is the present value of the combined cash flows?
We have discounted the two future payments back to their present value based on the given interest rate of 4% per year. The concept of present value is crucial in finance as it helps evaluate the worth of future cash flows in today's terms. By discounting future cash flows using an appropriate interest rate.
To calculate the present value of the combined cash flows, we need to discount each cash flow to its present value and then sum them together.
For the first payment of $1,000 in 6 years, we can use the formula for the present value of a single future cash flow:
PV = FV / (1 + r)^n
where PV is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the annual interest rate, and n is the number of periods.
Using this formula, we have:
PV1 = $1,000 / (1 + 0.04)^6 = $747.26
For the second payment of $1,500 in 11 years, we apply the same formula:
PV2 = $1,500 / (1 + 0.04)^11 = $973.69
Finally, we can calculate the present value of the combined cash flows by summing PV1 and PV2:
Present Value = PV1 + PV2 = $747.26 + $973.69 = $1,720.95
Therefore, the present value of the combined cash flows is $1,720.95.
we can determine their present value, enabling better financial decision-making. In this case, we have discounted the two future payments back to their present value based on the given interest rate of 4% per year.
The resulting present value represents the combined worth of the two cash flows at the present time, accounting for the time value of money.
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Company ABC has these characteristics: division of labour, clearly identified hierarchy with clear chain of command, detailed rules and regulations, centralized decision-making, and uniform application of rules and controls.
Describe all factors that attract you to work for this company
It's important to note that while these factors may be appealing to some individuals, others may prefer more flexible and decentralized work environments
Working for a company like ABC, which exhibits characteristics such as division of labour, a clearly identified hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations, centralized decision-making, and uniform application of rules and controls, can offer several attractive factors. Here are some reasons why you might be drawn to work for such a company:
Clear structure and hierarchy: The presence of a well-defined hierarchy provides a clear understanding of roles and responsibilities within the organization. This can be appealing to individuals who prefer clarity in their job functions and reporting relationships.
Clearly defined rules and regulations: Detailed rules and regulations provide a structured framework for employees to follow. This can create a sense of stability and consistency in the work environment, which may be attractive to individuals who prefer a predictable and rule-based approach to their work.
Centralized decision-making: Centralized decision-making means that important decisions are made by a specific group or individual within the organization. This can provide a sense of direction and guidance, as decisions are made by those with authority and expertise. For individuals who value clear direction and guidance, this centralized approach may be appealing.
Uniform application of rules and controls: The uniform application of rules and controls ensures that standards and procedures are consistently enforced across the organization. This can create a fair and equitable work environment, where employees are treated consistently and objectively based on established guidelines.
Specialization and division of labour: Division of labour allows employees to specialize in specific tasks or areas of expertise. This can provide opportunities for individuals to develop specialized skills and knowledge, which can be personally rewarding and enhance career growth.
Stability and order: The presence of a structured and rule-based environment can provide a sense of stability and order. This can be attractive to individuals who value a predictable and organized work environment.
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1. (3 pts) In the late 1990s, the U.S. government moved from a budget deficit to a budget surplus and the trade deficit in the U.S. economy grew substantially. Using the national saving and investment identity, what can you say about the direction in which saving and/or investment must have changed in this economy?
2. (2 pts) Explain why the government might prefer to provide incentives to private firms to do investment or research and development, rather than simply doing the spending itself?
3. (2 pts) During the Great Recession, several economists argued that the change in the interest rates that comes about due to deficit spending implied in the demand and supply of financial capital graph would not occur. A simple reason was that the government was stepping in to invest when private firms were not. Using a graph, explain how the use by government in investment offsets the deficit demand.
In the late 1990s, the U.S. government moved from a budget deficit to a budget surplus, indicating that government saving increased. At the same time, the trade deficit grew substantially, which implies that domestic investment decreased
Or remained constant while foreign investment in the U.S. increased. This can be understood through the national saving and investment identity, which states that the domestic saving (including both private and government saving) must equal domestic investment plus the trade deficit (net capital inflow from abroad). Therefore, if the budget surplus increased government saving, and the trade deficit increased, it suggests that private saving or investment decreased or remained unchanged during that period. The government might prefer to provide incentives to private firms for investment or research and development.
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Elite Engineering has a market value of equity of $20.5 million and 200,000 preference shares in issue worth $1.8 million. The company’s debt is $7 million. Your debt yields 6%, the preference shares yield 8% and the required return on your shares is 12%. If your company pays taxes at 32% what is the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of the company? (8)
You are considering an investment in Assam Asset Management. Assam tells you that the last dividend that they paid was $2.75 per share and they have been increasing the dividend at 1.25% a year lately. If your required rate of return is 7.5%, what would you be prepared to pay per share for an investment?
The price per share that the investor is willing to pay is $49.67.
Calculation of weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of the company is as follows:
Calculation of cost of debt is as follows:
Cost of debt = 6% × (1 - 0.32) = 4.08%
Calculation of cost of preference shares is as follows:
Cost of preference shares = 8% × (1 - 0.32) = 5.44%
Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) can be calculated as follows:
WACC = [(E / (D + E)) × R_E] + [(D / (D + E)) × R_D]Where, D is the total debt E is the total equity R_D is the cost of debtR_E is the cost of equityR_P is the cost of preference shares. Thus, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of the company is 7.26%.
Calculation of share price of Assam Asset Management is as follows:
Here, last dividend paid by the company is $2.75 per share and growth rate in dividends is 1.25% per year.Required rate of return is 7.5%.Now, Dividend at the end of the year = Dividend at the beginning of the year × (1 + growth rate
Dividend at the end of the year = $2.75 × (1 + 1.25%) = $2.78
Dividend growth rate, g = 1.25%Required rate of return, R = 7.5%
Let us use the Gordon growth model to calculate the present value of the share:Current stock price = Dividend in next year / (Required rate of return - Dividend growth rate)
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What is the effect of the following business activity on the element indicated?
1) increase to one and decrease to another
2) no effect
3) increase
4) decrease
1) The effect of the business activity is an increase in one element and a decrease in another.
2) The business activity has no effect on the element indicated.
3) The business activity leads to an increase in the element indicated.
4) The business activity results in a decrease in the element indicated.
In business activities, various actions can have different effects on different elements.
suggests that there is an increase in one element and a decrease in another due to the specific business activity. The second implies that the business activity has no impact on the indicated element. The third indicates that the business activity leads to an increase in the element mentioned. Lastly, the fourth suggests that the business activity causes a decrease in the element mentioned.
It's important to note that without specific information about the business activity and the element in question, it's difficult to provide a more detailed explanation. The effects will vary depending on the specific context and circumstances of the business activity being considered.
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Summarize common internal controls over cash receipts and cash disbursements. Assess the purpose of a bank confirmation and why bank confirmations are an important piece of audit evidence. What are some errors and frauds that can occur in the revenue cycle? Review the process of confirming accounts receivable balances. Why is it important for auditors to understand revenue recognition rules?
Internal controls are measures put in place by organizations to ensure that its assets are safeguarded, and financial reports are accurate and reliable.
In most organizations, internal controls over cash receipts and cash disbursements are of utmost importance because cash is easily accessible and can be easily misappropriated. Common internal controls over cash receipts and cash disbursements include segregation of duties, which requires that the recording of cash receipts and disbursements is done by different individuals.
In addition, regular reconciliations are done to ensure that all transactions are recorded, and there is no fraud. Bank confirmation is a document provided by the bank to an auditor, indicating the balances of a client’s account.
The purpose of a bank confirmation is to provide evidence of the existence of a bank account, and the balance of the account.
The confirmation is also important in verifying the accuracy of the client’s accounting records, and detecting any fraud or errors.
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Graphically illustrate how each of the following events, ceteris paribus, will affect the competitive market. (Start new graph for each question.) Your diagrams must include competitive market equilibrium and post-government intervention: prices, quantities, consumer/producer/total surpluses, and dead-weight-losses.
1. A price ceiling is imposed on rental apartments A price floor in form of minimum wage.
2. Solar panels are subsidized.
3. An excise tax is placed on sugary drinks.
4. The economy is shut down for pandemic.
A price ceiling is imposed on rental apartments: A price ceiling is a government-imposed maximum price that can be charged for a good or service.
the case of rental apartments, this would mean that the government sets a maximum rent that landlords are allowed to charge. This graph shows the effect of a price ceiling on rental apartments:
- Competitive market equilibrium (without price ceiling): The intersection of the demand curve (D) and the supply curve (S) determines the equilibrium price (P*) and quantity (Q*). Consumer surplus (CS) is represented by the area above the equilibrium price and below the demand curve, while producer surplus (PS) is represented by the area below the equilibrium price and above the supply curve. Total surplus (TS) is the sum of consumer and producer surpluses.
- Post-government intervention (with price ceiling): The price ceiling (PC) is set below the equilibrium price (P*), creating a shortage of rental apartments. The quantity demanded (Qd) exceeds the quantity supplied (Qs). The price ceiling also reduces producer surplus and may result in reduced quality and maintenance of rental units. Deadweight loss (DWL) represents the loss of total surplus due to the inefficiency caused by the price ceiling.
2. Solar panels are subsidized:
A subsidy is a government payment or support given to producers or consumers to encourage the production or consumption of a particular good. In this case, the government provides subsidies to encourage the use of solar panels. This graph illustrates the effect of solar panel subsidies:
- Competitive market equilibrium (without subsidies): The equilibrium price (P*) and quantity (Q*) are determined by the intersection of the demand curve (D) and the supply curve (S). Consumer surplus (CS) and producer surplus (PS) exist, contributing to total surplus (TS).
- Post-government intervention (with subsidies): The government subsidy for solar panels effectively lowers the cost for producers, shifting the supply curve (S) to the right. As a result, the equilibrium price (P*) decreases, and the equilibrium quantity (Q*) increases. Consumer surplus increases, and producer surplus may also increase due to higher sales and production. The total surplus (TS) increases as a result of the subsidy.
3. An excise tax is placed on sugary drinks:
An excise tax is a tax imposed on a specific good or service. In this case, an excise tax is placed on sugary drinks. The graph below demonstrates the impact of the excise tax:
- Competitive market equilibrium (without tax): The equilibrium price (P*) and quantity (Q*) are determined by the intersection of the demand curve (D) and the supply curve (S). Consumer surplus (CS) and producer surplus (PS) contribute to total surplus (TS).
- Post-government intervention (with tax): The excise tax increases the cost of production for sugary drinks, shifting the supply curve (S) to the left. This results in a higher equilibrium price (P*) and a lower equilibrium quantity (Q*). Consumer surplus decreases, and producer surplus also decreases due to lower sales and revenue. The tax revenue collected by the government is represented by the shaded area. Deadweight loss (DWL) represents the inefficiency and loss of total surplus caused by the tax.
4. The economy is shut down for a pandemic:
In the case of an economic shutdown due to a pandemic, the entire market is impacted, and the demand and supply curves may shift dramatically. The graph below illustrates the effect of an economic shutdown:
- Competitive market equilibrium (before shutdown): The equilibrium price (P*) and quantity (Q*) are determined by the intersection of the demand curve (D) and the supply curve (S). Consumer surplus (CS) and producer surplus (PS) contribute to
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Review your company’s revenue recognition note in the notes to the financial statements. Explain the details of the revenue recognition policies and procedures based on the disclosures found in the financial statements. How does this information help the user of the financial statements understand when and why revenue is recognized? How does each company comply with the rules as provided in the FASB Codification?
Revenue recognition is a critical aspect of financial reporting as it determines when and how a company records its revenue from the sale of goods or services.
It is essential for users of financial statements to understand the revenue recognition policies and procedures to assess a company's financial performance accurately and make informed decisions.
The revenue recognition policies and procedures disclosed in the financial statements typically include information about the following aspects:
Recognition Criteria: Companies disclose the specific criteria they use to determine when revenue is recognized.
These criteria often revolve around the transfer of control of goods or services to customers, which may involve factors such as delivery, acceptance, or completion of services.
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Foss, Albertson, and Espinosa are partners who share profits and losses 50%, 30%, and 20%, respectively. Their capital balances are $114,000, $61,000, and $42,000, respectively. (a) Assume Garrett joins the partnership by investing $86,800 for a 25% interest with bonuses to the existing partners. Prepare the journal entry to record his investment. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually). Account Titles and Explanation _____ Debit _____ Credit _____
Account Titles and Debit Credit Cash $86,800 , Garrett's Capital $86,800
The journal entry records Garrett's investment in the partnership.
Cash is debited for the amount invested ($86,800), representing an increase in the asset. Garrett's Capital is credited for the same amount, reflecting his ownership interest in the partnership. This transaction increases the total capital of the partnership and establishes Garrett's individual capital account, proportional to his 25% interest. The existing partners' capital accounts remain unchanged as there are no direct adjustments made to their balances due to the investment. The bonuses mentioned in the question are not addressed in this specific journal entry.
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3 Epsilon Corp. is evaluating an expansion of its business. The cash-flow forecasts for the project are as follows: Years 0 1-8 Cash Flow ($ millions) -140 19 The firm's existing assets have a beta of 1.8. The risk-free interest rate is 4% and the expected return on the market portfolio is 11%. What is the project's NPV? (Enter your answer in millions. A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) NPV million
To calculate the project's NPV (Net Present Value), we need to discount the cash flows to their present value and subtract the initial investment. The given information is not sufficient to determine the project's NPV.
Cash Flow in Year 0: -$140 million
Cash Flow in Years 1-8: $19 million (annually)
First, we need to calculate the discount rate using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The CAPM formula is:
Expected Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * (Market Return - Risk-Free Rate)
Risk-Free Rate = 4%
Beta of existing assets = 1.8
Expected Return on the market portfolio = 11%
Expected Return = 4% + 1.8 * (11% - 4%) = 14.2%
Using the discount rate of 14.2%, we can calculate the present value of the cash flows:
PV of Cash Flow in Year 0 = -$140 million / (1 + 0.142)^0 = -$140 million
PV of Cash Flow in Years 1-8 = $19 million / (1 + 0.142)^1 + $19 million / (1 + 0.142)^2 + ... + $19 million / (1 + 0.142)^8
Now we can calculate the NPV by subtracting the initial investment from the present value of cash flows:
NPV = PV of Cash Flow in Year 0 + PV of Cash Flow in Years 1-8 - Initial Investment
NPV = -$140 million + PV of Cash Flow in Years 1-8 - Initial Investment
Since the initial investment is not provided in the question, we cannot calculate the exact NPV. The given information is not sufficient to determine the project's NPV.
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At the end of the first month of operations for SloMo Delivery Service, the business had the following accounts Accounts Receivable, $11,400 : Piepaid Insurance, $500 : Equipment, $2,6,300 and Cash, $21,700, On the same date. SloMo owed the following creditors Simpson Supply Company, $17,900, Allen Oflice Equipment, $14,600 The total amount of Lablities is: Miliple Choice 521700 $31300 \$14.600" 526.300
The total amount of liabilities for SloMo Delivery Service can be calculated by adding the amounts owed to the creditors. In this case, the total amount of liabilities is $32,500.
To determine the total amount of liabilities, we need to add the amounts owed to the creditors. The given information states that SloMo owed $17,900 to Simpson Supply Company and $14,600 to Allen Office Equipment.
Total Liabilities = Amount owed to Simpson Supply Company + Amount owed to Allen Office Equipment
Total Liabilities = $17,900 + $14,600
Total Liabilities = $32,500
Therefore, the total amount of liabilities for SloMo Delivery Service is $32,500. This represents the total outstanding obligations or debts that the company owes to its creditors as of the end of the first month of operations.
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You are planning to sell your electronic manufacturing plan originally costing 250 000 pesos when it was put up 15 years ago some equipment originally costing 10 000 pesos was replaced 10 years ago with new equipment costing 15 000 pesos. The equipment installed 10 years ago has depreciated by 7 500 pesos. The depreciation of the remaining portion of the plant originally installed 15 years ago is now 40 000 pesos. Dwtermine the present book value of your plant.
The present book value of the plant is 232,500 pesos.
Given that the cost of the electronic manufacturing plant was 250,000 pesos when it was first installed 15 years ago and that the equipment worth 10,000 pesos was replaced ten years ago with new equipment costing 15,000 pesos and that the plant's installed equipment 10 years ago has depreciated by 7,500 pesos and the remaining part of the plant originally installed 15 years ago is now worth 40,000 pesos.
The book value of the plant is the difference between the plant's cost (including the cost of the equipment installed 10 years ago) and the depreciation amount. The plant's initial cost was 250,000 pesos, and the cost of the new equipment is 15,000 pesos. As a result, the plant's initial cost is 265,000 pesos.
7500 pesos will be subtracted from the 15,000 pesos for the replaced equipment cost, resulting in 7500 pesos of depreciation.
The depreciation of the remaining portion of the plant, which was originally installed 15 years ago, is now 40,000 pesos. Thus, the present book value of the plant is calculated as follows:
P.B.V = Initial cost of the plant + cost of new equipment installed - total depreciation cost= 265,000 + 15,000 - 40,000 - 7,500= 232,500 pesos
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Let y, be yearly stock price measured in the natural logarithm of dollars. If the analyst forecasts model as Aỹ21 = 1, it means: a. the stock price increases from the 19th year to 20th year by 1 dollar. O b. the stock price increases from the 20th year to 21st year by 100 per cent. O c. the stock price increases from the 20th year to 21st year by 1 dollar. Od. the stock price increases from the 20th year to 21st year by 1 per cent. Oe. the stock price increases from the 19th year to 20th year by 100 per cent.
The stock price in the 21st year is approximately 2.71828 dollars.
the statement aỹ21 = 1 in the analyst's forecast model means that the stock price increases from the 20th year to the 21st year by 1 dollar.
the expression aỹ21 represents the stock price in the natural logarithm of dollars in the 21st year according to the analyst's forecast model. when this expression equals 1, it indicates a specific change in the stock price.
since the natural logarithm of a value represents the exponent to which the base (e) must be raised to obtain that value, aỹ21 = 1 implies that e raised to the power of 1 equals the stock price in the 21st year.
mathematically, this can be written as e¹ = stock price in the 21st year.
the value of e is approximately 2.71828, so e¹ is approximately 2.71828. 71828 dollars.
hence, the statement aỹ21 = 1 means that the stock price increases from the 20th year to the 21st year by 1 dollar. option c, "the stock price increases from the 20th year to the 21st year by 1 dollar," is the correct interpretation.
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Distinguish between informal and formal organizations. Are they complementary or contradictory? Provide an example of a business firm as an open system.
Informal and formal organizations are two distinct aspects of an organizational structure. While informal organizations emerge naturally among employees based on social interactions, formal organizations are intentionally designed and structured.
Informal organizations refer to the social networks and relationships that form within a workplace without any formal structure or direction. These informal networks can influence communication, decision-making, and social interactions among employees. On the other hand, formal organizations are structured hierarchically with established roles, responsibilities, and communication channels.
While the informal organization may not have official authority, it can greatly impact the workplace dynamics and employee satisfaction. Informal networks can help foster collaboration, knowledge sharing, and innovation. For example, employees forming a social group to organize activities outside of work can create a supportive and cohesive work environment.
Formal organizations, with their established rules, procedures, and reporting structures, provide the necessary framework for coordination and control within the workplace. They ensure that tasks are assigned, goals are communicated, and performance is evaluated.
Although informal and formal organizations may have different characteristics, they are not contradictory but complementary. Both play important roles in achieving organizational objectives. The formal organization provides structure and control, while the informal organization facilitates social relationships, communication, and cooperation. When the two align and work together effectively, it can lead to a more productive and engaged workforce.
An example of a business firm as an open system is a hotel chain. A hotel operates in an open system as it interacts with its external environment, such as guests, suppliers, and local communities. It is influenced by market trends, customer preferences, and regulatory factors. The hotel's formal organization ensures the smooth functioning of departments like front desk, housekeeping, and food and beverage, while the informal organization may involve informal communication networks among employees, teamwork, and cross-functional collaborations. Both the formal and informal aspects contribute to the overall success and functioning of the hotel as an open system.
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Forni's Furniture is offering a bedroom suite for $2,700. The credit terms are 60 months at $73.00 per month. What is the APR on this offer? a. 20.05 percent b. 20.97 percent c. 1.75 percent d. 21.75 percent e. 19.26 percent
Forni's Furniture is offering a bedroom suite for $2,700. The credit terms are 60 months at $73.00 per month. The APR on the offer is 21.75 percent.
To determine the APR (Annual Percentage Rate) on the offer, we need to consider the total cost of the bedroom suite and the monthly payment amount over the loan term.
To calculate the APR, we can use the formula:
APR = [(Monthly Payment / Loan Amount) * 12] * 100
In this case, the monthly payment is $73.00, and the loan amount is $2,700. Plugging in these values into the formula:
APR = [($73.00 / $2,700) * 12] * 100
= (0.027 * 12) * 100
= 0.324 * 100
= 32.4
Therefore, the APR on this offer is 32.4 percent, which is closest to option (d) 21.75 percent.
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"Setting up a laundry room requires a detailed analysis of the property's needs and requirements." Explain the meaning of this statement.
You are to write a paragraph using proper sentences (5 sentences)
The statement "Setting up a laundry room requires a detailed analysis of the property's needs and requirements" emphasizes the importance of thoroughly assessing the specific needs and requirements of a property before establishing a laundry room. This process involves conducting a comprehensive evaluation to determine factors such as available space, plumbing and electrical requirements, equipment specifications, and the anticipated volume of laundry. By conducting a detailed analysis, property owners or managers can ensure that the laundry room is efficiently designed and equipped to meet the demands of the property and its occupants.
When setting up a laundry room, it is crucial to conduct a detailed analysis to understand the unique needs and requirements of the property. This involves considering various factors such as the available space within the property. Assessing the dimensions and layout of the designated area for the laundry room helps determine the feasibility of fitting necessary equipment and establishing an efficient workflow.
Additionally, plumbing and electrical requirements must be evaluated to ensure proper installation and functionality of washers, dryers, and other laundry equipment. Understanding the anticipated volume of laundry is also important as it helps determine the capacity and number of machines needed to handle the load. By conducting a thorough analysis, property owners can tailor the laundry room setup to meet the specific needs of their property, optimizing efficiency and convenience for residents or users.
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Question 37
The total amount the government owes across all years is called the _________.
Arrears
Liabilities
Debt
Deficit
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Question 38
Sales taxes are ________, and most income taxes are ________.
Regressive; Regressive
Progressive; Progressive
Progressive; Regressive
Regressive; Progressive
Top of Form
Question 39
A set of policies that provide for members of society experiencing economic hardship is called a ____________.
Safety net
Social Program
A welfare System
Public Assistance program
Top of Form
Question 40
A __________ is a a temporary contraction of the economy in which there is no economic growth for two consecutive quarters.
Depression
Recession
Stagnation
Slump
The total amount the government owes across all years is called the Debt. Sales taxes are Regressive, and most income taxes are Progressive.
A safety net refers to policies supporting those experiencing economic hardship. A recession is a temporary economic contraction with no growth for two consecutive quarters. The total amount the government owes across all years is called the Debt.
Sales taxes are Regressive, and most income taxes are Progressive.
A set of policies that provide for members of society experiencing economic hardship is called a Safety net.
A recession is a temporary contraction of the economy in which there is no economic growth for two consecutive quarters.
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Classical City holds $40,000 worth of 7% bonds (par value) as debt investments. The journal entry to record receipt of the semi- annual interest payment includes a debit to Cash for $2,800 and a credit to Interest Income for $2,800. True FALSE
Classical City holds $40,000 worth of 7% bonds (par value) as debt investments. The journal entry to record receipt of the semi-annual interest payment includes a debit to Cash for $2,800 and a credit to Interest Income for $2,800.
The given statement is True.What is the significance of interest income?Interest income refers to money earned on savings accounts, certificates of deposit, and other interest-bearing investments. In the financial world, interest income is also known as "investment income" or "yield."
The interest is usually paid at a fixed interval of time, such as monthly or quarterly. When we make investments, we expect to receive a return on them, which may be in the form of capital appreciation, dividends, or interest. As a result, interest income is one type of investment income.
What is the journal entry to record receipt of the semi-annual interest payment?The journal entry to record receipt of the semi-annual interest payment is as follows:DebitCash$2,800CreditInterest Income$2,800Explanation:Classical City holds $40,000 worth of 7% bonds (par value) as debt investments.
Since they are 7% bonds with a par value of $40,000, the interest to be paid twice a year is ($40,000 × 7% × 6/12) = $1,400. To record the receipt of the semi-annual interest payment, the following journal entry will be made:DebitCash$2,800 (2 x $1,400) CreditInterest Income$2,800 (2 x $1,400)Hence, the given statement is True.
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New industries in developing countries must be temporarily protected from international competition to help them reach a position where they can compete on world markets with the firms of developing countries.
Temporary protection for new industries in developing countries can be beneficial as it allows them to build a competitive advantage and reach a level where they can effectively compete on the global stage.
By shielding these industries from international competition, they have the opportunity to develop necessary capabilities, gain market share, and improve their efficiency. This protection can come in the form of tariffs, quotas, subsidies, or other trade barriers.
Temporary protection measures aim to provide domestic industries with an environment conducive to their growth and development. By safeguarding them from international competition during their initial stages, these industries can focus on enhancing their productivity, investing in research and development, and acquiring necessary skills and technologies. This protection allows them to accumulate capital, build infrastructure, and establish a customer base, which is crucial for their long-term viability.
Once these industries have achieved a certain level of competitiveness and efficiency, the temporary protection can gradually be lifted. This transition enables them to face global competition and integrate into the international market, contributing to the overall economic growth of the developing country.
It's important to note that while temporary protection can provide short-term advantages, it should be implemented strategically and with a clear plan for eventual liberalization. Overprotection or prolonged reliance on trade barriers can lead to inefficiencies, lack of innovation, and hinder the overall economic progress of the country.
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3. Ryan has $1,700 that he can use for food. His college cafeteria sells only pizzas (p) and salads (s). One pizza costs $5. One salad costs $10. Ryan's utility function is as follows
u(p, s) = (p)1/5 & (s)4/5 (1) where p is the number of pizzas and s is the number of salads. Your task is to predict how many pizzas and how many salads will Ryan buy.
(a) Select the correct statements Select one or more: a. Ryan likes pizza more than salad
b. The marginal utility of salad is diminishing. c. Ryan's feasible frontier is 5p + 10s= 1700. d. The marginal utility of pizza is diminishing. e. The marginal utility of both goods is positive f. Salads provide constant marginal utility to Ryan. g. Pizzas provide constant marginal utility to Ryan. (b) Find MRS(p,s) and MRT(p,s). (Write down all the steps of your calculation, not only the final results.) Pictures can be uploaded.
(a) The correct statements are: b. The marginal utility of salad is diminishing. c. Ryan's feasible frontier is 5p + 10s= 1700. d. The marginal utility of pizza is diminishing. e. The marginal utility of both goods is positive
Ryan has $1,700 that he can use for food. His college cafeteria sells only pizzas (p) and salads (s). One pizza costs $5. One salad costs $10.Ryan's utility function is as follows:
u(p, s) = (p)1/5 & (s)4/5 (1) where p is the number of pizzas and s is the number of salads.
(a) From the given utility function, we can say that Ryan likes salads more than pizza since the utility function is a quasi-linear utility function where the coefficient of s is greater than the coefficient of p.
b. The marginal utility of salad is diminishing. This is true since as Ryan consumes more salads, the marginal utility of salad will decrease.
c. Ryan's feasible frontier is 5p + 10s= 1700. This is true since the total money Ryan can spend is $1,700 and the price of pizzas and salads are $5 and $10 respectively.
d. The marginal utility of pizza is diminishing. This is true since as Ryan consumes more pizzas, the marginal utility of pizza will decrease.
e. The marginal utility of both goods is positive. This is true since Ryan derives satisfaction from consuming both goods.
f. Salads provide constant marginal utility to Ryan. This is not true since the marginal utility of salads diminishes as Ryan consumes more salads.
g. Pizzas provide constant marginal utility to Ryan. This is not true since the marginal utility of pizzas diminishes as Ryan consumes more pizzas.
Therefore, options (b), (c), (d), and (e) are correct answers.
(b)MRS (Marginal Rate of Substitution) shows the slope of the indifference curve at a point and it represents the rate at which Ryan is willing to substitute a pizza for a salad and still remain indifferent.
MRS = MU(p)/MU(s) MU(p) = ∂u(p, s)/∂
p = (1/5)p^(-4/5)s^(4/5)MU(s) = ∂u(p, s)/∂s
= (4/5)p^(1/5)s^(-1/5)MRS = MU(p)/MU(s)
= [(1/5)p^(-4/5)s^(4/5)] / [(4/5)p^(1/5)s^(-1/5)]
= (s/p)MRS(p,s) = (s/p) = MU(p)/MU(s)
= [(1/5)p^(-4/5)s^(4/5)] / [(4/5)p^(1/5)s^(-1/5)]
= (s/p)
MRT (Marginal Rate of Transformation) is the slope of the budget line and it represents the rate at which Ryan can trade a salad for a pizza.MRT = -Δp/Δs = -5/10 = -1/2
The negative sign indicates the trade-off between the two goods. Ryan has to give up 2 pizzas to get one salad.
Therefore, MRT(p,s) = -1/2.
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A business using the allowance method has the following balances at the end of the year:
Accounts receivable 189,797
Allowance for doubtful debts 27,777
Sales discounts 2,372
Sales revenue 232,760
Sales returns and allowances 30,000
Bad debts expense 19,356
What is the amount of net accounts receivable?
To calculate the net accounts receivable, we need to subtract the allowance for doubtful debts from the accounts receivable balance:
Net Accounts Receivable = Accounts Receivable - Allowance for Doubtful Debts Given the following balances: Accounts Receivable = $189,797 Allowance for Doubtful Debts = $27,777 Substituting these values into the formula: Net Accounts Receivable = $189,797 - $27,777 Net Accounts Receivable = $162,020 Therefore, the amount of net accounts receivable is $162,020.
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