a) Oman’s economy has suffered due to a lack of oil reserves, low global oil prices, and weak private sector growth. To alleviate the situation, Oman has implemented economic reforms, including the creation of a new tax system, privatization of some sectors, and diversification of the economy.
b) The economic impact of the war between Russia and Ukraine on the world economy is significant. The war has led to economic sanctions against Russia by Western countries, causing a decline in Russia’s exports and economic growth. Additionally, Ukraine’s economy has been negatively impacted by the war, with a decline in exports and foreign investment. The conflict has also caused a decline in trade between Russia and other countries, leading to a slowdown in the global economy.
c) Inflation is caused by an increase in the money supply or a decrease in the supply of goods and services. The consequences of inflation include a decrease in purchasing power, a decrease in investment, and an increase in the cost of living. GCC countries have experienced inflation due to an increase in government spending, high oil prices, and a lack of economic diversification.
In conclusion, the economic problems faced by Oman, the impact of the war between Russia and Ukraine on the world economy, and the causes and consequences of inflation and GCC countries' experiences with controlling inflation have been discussed. These issues demonstrate the importance of economic stability, diversification, and effective policy measures to mitigate economic risks.
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Lendell Company has these comparative balance sheet data:
LENDELL COMPANY Balance sheets December 31
2017 2016
Cash 15000 30000
Accounts receivable 70000 60000
Inventory 60000 50000
Plant assets net 200000 180000
345000 320000
Accounts payable 50000 60000
Mortgage payable 15% 100000 100000
Common stock $10 par 140000 120000
Retained earnings 55000 40000
345000 320000
Additional Information for 2017:
Net income was $25,000.
Sales on account were $375,000.
Sales returns and allowances amounted to $25,000.
Cost of goods sold was $198,000.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $48,000.
Capital expenditures were $25,000, and cash dividends were $10,000.
Compute the following ratios at December 31, 2017. Round current ratio to 2 decimal places, and all other answers to 1 decimal place, Use 365 days for calculation.
a. Current ratio _______:1
b. Accounts receivable turnover _______times
c. Average collection period _______days
d. Inventory turnovefr _______times
e. Days inventory _______days
f. Free cash flow $_______
The answers to the following ratios based on the given data:
a. Current Ratio: 2.9:1
b. Accounts Receivable Turnover: 5.38 times
c. Average Collection Period: 67.83 days
d. Inventory Turnover: 3.6 times
e. Days Inventory: 101.39 days
f. Free Cash Flow: $13,000
let's calculate the values using the given data:
a. Current Ratio:
Current Assets = Cash + Accounts Receivable + Inventory = 15000 + 70000 + 60000 = $145,000
Current Liabilities = Accounts Payable = $50,000
Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities = $145,000 / $50,000 = 2.9:1
b. Accounts Receivable Turnover:
Net Credit Sales = Sales on Account - Sales Returns and Allowances = $375,000 - $25,000 = $350,000
Average Accounts Receivable = (Accounts Receivable for 2017 + Accounts Receivable for 2016) / 2 = ($70,000 + $60,000) / 2 = $65,000
Accounts Receivable Turnover = Net Credit Sales / Average Accounts Receivable = $350,000 / $65,000 = 5.38 times
c. Average Collection Period:
Average Collection Period = 365 days / Accounts Receivable Turnover = 365 days / 5.38 = 67.83 days
d. Inventory Turnover:
Cost of Goods Sold = $198,000
Average Inventory = (Inventory for 2017 + Inventory for 2016) / 2 = ($60,000 + $50,000) / 2 = $55,000
Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory = $198,000 / $55,000 = 3.6 times
e. Days Inventory:
Days Inventory = 365 days / Inventory Turnover = 365 days / 3.6 = 101.39 days
f. Free Cash Flow:
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities = $48,000
Capital Expenditures = $25,000
Cash Dividends = $10,000
Free Cash Flow = Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities - Capital Expenditures - Cash Dividends = $48,000 - $25,000 - $10,000 = $13,000
Therefore, the calculated values are:
a. Current Ratio: 2.9:1
b. Accounts Receivable Turnover: 5.38 times
c. Average Collection Period: 67.83 days
d. Inventory Turnover: 3.6 times
e. Days Inventory: 101.39 days
f. Free Cash Flow: $13,000
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Identify the incorrect answer concerning horizontal and vertical integration:
In horizontal integration like companies were combined together like Exxon purchasing Standard Oil.
An example of vertical integration would be if Standard Oil purchased a railroad
An example of horizonal intergration is Andrew Carnegie Steel purchased a coal mine
Horizontal and vertical integration were used by monopolies to control costs and destroy competition.
Vertical integration combined different but related industries under one monopoly to create economies of scale.
The incorrect answer concerning horizontal and vertical integration is: "Vertical integration combined different but related industries under one monopoly to create economies of scale."
This statement is incorrect because vertical integration involves combining different stages of production within a single industry, rather than different industries.
Horizontal integration refers to the merger or acquisition of companies operating in the same industry or at the same stage of production. In the given example, Exxon purchasing Standard Oil demonstrates horizontal integration as both companies operate in the oil industry.
Vertical integration, on the other hand, involves the merger or acquisition of companies operating at different stages of the production process within the same industry. The example of Standard Oil purchasing a railroad demonstrates vertical integration as it involves combining the oil production industry with the transportation industry.
Vertical integration allows companies to control various stages of production, from raw materials to distribution, which can help streamline operations, reduce costs, and increase efficiency. In contrast, horizontal integration aims to expand market share and eliminate competition within the same industry.
Therefore, the incorrect statement is the one stating that vertical integration combines different but related industries under one monopoly to create economies of scale. Vertical integration, in fact, combines different stages of production within the same industry to achieve synergies and control over the supply chain.
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Current multifactor productivity for 640 work hours per month= loaves/dollar (round your response to three decimal places) = After increasing the number of work hours to 992 per month, the multifactor productivity loaves/dollar (round your response to three decimal places) The percentage increase in productivity=% (enter your response as a percentage rounded to two decimal places). Charles Lackey operates a bakery in Idaho Falls, idaho. Because of its excellent product and excellent location, demand has increased by 55% in the last year. On far too many occasions, customers have not been able to p their choice. Because of the size of the store, no new ovens can be added. At a staff meeting, one employee suggested ways to load the ovens differently so that more loaves of bread can be baked at one time. This new pro the ovens be loaded by hand, requiring additional manpower. This is the only production change that will be made in order to meet the increased demand. The bakery currently makes 1,500 loaves per month. Employees ar addition to the labor cost, Charles also has a constant utility cost per month of $800 and a per loaf ingredient cost of $0.50. se of its excellent product and excellent location, demand has increased by 55% in the last year. On far too many occasions, customers have not been able to purchase the bread of be added. At a staff meeting, one employee suggested ways to load the ovens differently so that more loaves of bread can be baked at one time. This new process will require that mis is the only production change that will be made in order to meet the increased demand. The bakery currently makes 1,800 loaves per month. Employees are paid $8 per hour. In per month of $800 and a per loaf ingredient cost of $0.50.
Answer:
The percentage increase in productivity is approximately -16.89% (rounded to two decimal places). Note that the productivity has decreased after increasing the work hours, indicating a decrease in efficiency.
Explanation:
To calculate the current multifactor productivity and the multifactor productivity after increasing the number of work hours, we need to consider the following information:
Current state:
Work hours per month: 640
Loaves per month: 1,500
Additional information:
Labor cost per hour: $8
Utility cost per month: $800
Ingredient cost per loaf: $0.50
Current Multifactor Productivity:
The formula for multifactor productivity is:
Multifactor Productivity = Output / (Labor Cost + Utility Cost + Material Cost)
Output = Number of loaves per month = 1,500
Labor Cost = Labor hours per month * Labor cost per hour = 640 * $8 = $5,120
Utility Cost = $800
Material Cost = Loaves per month * Ingredient cost per loaf = 1,500 * $0.50 = $750
Multifactor Productivity = 1,500 / ($5,120 + $800 + $750) = 1,500 / $6,670 = 0.225 loaves/dollar (rounded to three decimal places)
Multifactor Productivity after Increasing Work Hours:
New work hours per month: 992
Output = Number of loaves per month = 1,800
Labor Cost = Labor hours per month * Labor cost per hour = 992 * $8 = $7,936
Utility Cost = $800
Material Cost = Loaves per month * Ingredient cost per loaf = 1,800 * $0.50 = $900
Multifactor Productivity = 1,800 / ($7,936 + $800 + $900) = 1,800 / $9,636 = 0.187 loaves/dollar (rounded to three decimal places)
Percentage Increase in Productivity:
Percentage Increase = ((New Productivity - Current Productivity) / Current Productivity) * 100
Percentage Increase = ((0.187 - 0.225) / 0.225) * 100 = (-0.038 / 0.225) * 100 = -16.89%
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What three things have you learned that you will be able to use in your professional or personal life?
You can compose your answer by completing the following sentences:
I am happy that. . .
I wish I could change. . .
I want the professor to know that. . .
Through this learning experience, I have gained valuable insights that I can apply to both my professional and personal life.
In particular, I am happy that I have learned three key things: the importance of effective communication, the value of continuous learning, and the significance of adaptability and resilience. While there are aspects I wish I could change, overall, these three lessons have left a lasting impact on me. I want the professor to know that I appreciate the knowledge and skills I have acquired and I am eager to apply them in various aspects of my life.
Firstly, I am happy that I have learned the significance of effective communication. I have realized that clear and concise communication plays a vital role in professional interactions, personal relationships, and even self-expression. It allows me to convey my thoughts, ideas, and intentions more efficiently, fostering better understanding and building stronger connections with others.
Secondly, I am grateful for the emphasis on continuous learning. This experience has shown me the importance of staying curious, seeking new knowledge, and embracing opportunities for growth. Continuous learning enables personal and professional development, expands my skill set, and keeps me adaptable in an ever-changing world.
Lastly, I have learned the value of adaptability and resilience. Life often presents unexpected challenges, and being able to adapt and bounce back from setbacks is crucial. This experience has taught me the importance of maintaining a positive mindset, being flexible in the face of adversity, and finding solutions to overcome obstacles.
While there may be aspects I wish I could change, such as additional time to delve deeper into certain topics or explore related areas, I am grateful for the valuable lessons I have learned. These three key takeaways on effective communication, continuous learning, and adaptability will undoubtedly shape my personal and professional endeavors going forward. I want the professor to know that I am genuinely appreciative of the knowledge and skills gained, and I am enthusiastic about applying them to make a positive impact in various aspects of my life.
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Which is NOT one of the key categories of political skills? interpersonal influence networking ability apparent sincerity 27.During negotiations, if you find yourself on the receiving end of the what you see is what you get outrageous behavior 2 positive regard 2 bait and switch Otrial balloon process tactic, you should simply ignore it.
The statement "2 positive regard" is not one of the key categories of political skills.
The key categories of political skills typically include interpersonal influence, networking ability, apparent sincerity, and other similar skills that contribute to effective communication, relationship-building, and persuasion in a political context.
"Positive regard" refers more to a mindset or attitude rather than a specific skill or behavior in negotiations or political interactions. Therefore, it is not one of the key categories of political skills.
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Sales Variable costs Teal Mountain's vice president of finance has offered another option. He suggests a different system that combines personal service at key points in the cafeteria line with a less expensive automated self-service system for the other items. The financial information on this system is given below: Contribution margin Fixed costs < Net Income > Operating leverage Blended Service System $2,310,000 1,270,500 $1,039,500 693.000 $346,500 (1) Determine the degree of operating leverage for this option. (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25.) 17/20 (2) How much would net income increase if sales increased by $231,000? (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25%.) ⠀ oudy ☆ 0 C 5:22 PM 6/26/2022 P ← Project Question 3 of 5 < Determine the degree of operating leverage for this option. (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25.) Operating leverage Net income (2) How much would net income increase if sales increased by $231,000? (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25%.) Margin of safety ratio > Decline in sales (4) 200 % (3) Using the margin of safety ratio, how large of a decline in sales could this option sustain before operating at a loss. (Round margin of safety ratio to 2 decimal places, e.g. 0.25 and decline in sales to O decimal places, e.g. 125.) 17/20 50 10 ⠀ ☆ 0 C 5:23 PM 6/26/2022 P
The degree of operating leverage for the blended service system is 17.25. This means that a 1% increase in sales will result in a 17.25% increase in net income. Conversely, a 1% decrease in sales will result in a 17.25% decrease in net income.
The degree of operating leverage is calculated by dividing the contribution margin by net income. In this case, the contribution margin is $1,039,500 and the net income is $346,500. This gives a degree of operating leverage of 17.25.
The margin of safety ratio is calculated by dividing the difference between sales and break-even sales by sales. In this case, the difference between sales and break-even sales is $616,500 and sales are $2,310,000. This gives a margin of safety ratio of 26.75%.
This means that the blended service system could sustain a decline in sales of 26.75% before operating at a loss. For example, if sales were to decrease by $616,500, the company would still be able to operate at a break-even point. However, if sales were to decrease by more than $616,500, the company would start to operate at a loss.
The degree of operating leverage and the margin of safety ratio are both important measures of a company's financial stability. The degree of operating leverage measures how sensitive a company's net income is to changes in sales. The margin of safety ratio measures how much sales can decline before the company starts to operate at a loss.
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the Reserve Bank of New Zealand increases the official cash rate (OCR), then trading banks would hold supply would and other interest rates would, Answers A - D A more: decrease, decrease Bless, increase, increase C less, increase; decrease D more; decrease; increase settlement cash, the money
Option C, "less, increase; decrease," accurately reflects the impact of an increase in the OCR on trading banks' supply of settlement cash and other interest rates.
If the Reserve Bank of New Zealand increases the official cash rate (OCR), trading banks would hold less supply settlement cash, and other interest rates would increase.
When the central bank raises the OCR, it becomes more expensive for trading banks to borrow money from the central bank. As a result, trading banks would reduce their supply of settlement cash, which is the money held by banks to meet their daily settlement obligations.
Furthermore, an increase in the OCR influences other interest rates in the economy. Banks typically adjust their lending rates in response to changes in the OCR. When the OCR rises, it becomes more costly for banks to borrow funds, and this cost is passed on to borrowers through higher interest rates. Therefore, other interest rates, such as mortgage rates and business loan rates, would increase as well.
Option C, "less, increase; decrease," accurately reflects the impact of an increase in the OCR on trading banks' supply of settlement cash and other interest rates.
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Write a case study on the topic "Business Law"
of about 150 Words including questions and also
answer those questions. Also give a relevant
example of the topic.
P.s: Do Not give mathematical
calculat
A case study on Business Law:
A company was sued by an individual who claimed that she had been unfairly dismissed. The employee had signed a contract which included an arbitration clause that stated that any disputes between the parties had to be resolved through arbitration rather than litigation. In the employee's lawsuit, she argued that the arbitration clause was invalid because she was not aware of it when she signed the contract. The company's lawyers argued that the arbitration clause was binding and that the dispute should be resolved through arbitration rather than litigation. The court had to decide whether the arbitration clause was binding and enforceable, and whether the employee had been unfairly dismissed.
1. What was the issue in this case?
The issue in this case was whether the arbitration clause was binding and enforceable.
2. What was the employee's argument?
The employee argued that the arbitration clause was invalid because she was not aware of it when she signed the contract.
3. What was the company's argument?
The company's lawyers argued that the arbitration clause was binding and that the dispute should be resolved through arbitration rather than litigation.
Example:
One relevant example of business law is contract law. Contract law governs the creation, interpretation, and enforcement of contracts. For example, if a company enters into a contract with a supplier for the supply of goods, and the supplier fails to deliver the goods as agreed, the company may be able to sue the supplier for breach of contract. Similarly, if an employee signs a contract with an employer that includes restrictive covenants, such as a non-compete clause, and then breaches those covenants, the employer may be able to sue the employee for breach of contract.
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An investor buys a property for $608,000 with a 25-year mortgage, 8.10% APR, and monthly payments of $4,733. After 75 months (which means she made 75 payments), the investor wants to resell the property. What is the minimum price for which she can sell the property so that she can cover the remaining balance on the mortgage?
The minimum price for which the investor can sell the property to cover the remaining balance on the mortgage is equal to the calculated remaining balance.
To calculate the minimum price for which the investor can sell the property to cover the remaining balance on the mortgage, we need to determine the remaining balance after 75 months of payments.The mortgage has a term of 25 years, which is equivalent to 300 months. After 75 months, there are 300 - 75 = 225 months remaining on the mortgage. To calculate the remaining balance, we can use the formula for the remaining balance on a mortgage:
Remaining Balance = Loan Amount * (1 + Monthly Interest Rate)^Remaining Months - (Monthly Payment / Monthly Interest Rate) * ((1 + Monthly Interest Rate)^Remaining Months - 1)
Loan Amount = $608,000
Monthly Interest Rate = (8.10% / 12) / 100 = 0.00675
Remaining Months = 225
Monthly Payment = $4,733
Plugging in these values into the formula, we can calculate the remaining balance:
Remaining Balance = $608,000 * (1 + 0.00675)^225 - ($4,733 / 0.00675) * ((1 + 0.00675)^225 - 1)
Calculating this expression gives us the remaining balance on the mortgage.
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Apple confirms it’s slowing down your old iphone-but for good reason
Discussion of the ethical issues, moral violations with reference to an International ethics document. You are expected to summarize the document and discuss its relevance and importance for business ethics:
The discussion of ethical issues and moral violations, including an international ethics document's reference, is in regards to the slowing down of old iPhone models by Apple.
In December 2017, Apple admitted to slowing down older iPhone models' performance to prolong battery life. This decision was considered as a betrayal to customers who had not been informed of the company's actions.Apple, however, claimed that it was not intentionally slowing down old iPhones and that it had implemented the feature as a precaution to prevent unexpected shutdowns caused by an aging battery.
According to Apple, it was a safety feature intended to prevent older devices from failing.However, many customers and experts perceived Apple's actions as being unethical and misleading. They argued that Apple failed to disclose this feature to its customers and instead chose to conceal it. Apple was faced with legal action, and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) opened an investigation to determine whether the company had violated consumer protection laws and regulations.
The Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct is a well-known international ethics document that covers a wide range of ethical principles and values for businesses. It is an essential resource for businesses worldwide to develop a culture of ethical and professional behavior. The case provides an example of how ethical principles, such as honesty and transparency, are essential for business conduct and customer trust.
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Case study ‘Asha’s is a restaurant chain headquartered in Bahrain and operating in Saudi Arabia and Oman. This popular restaurant chain serves award winning Authentic Indian cuisine. The interior of the restaurant has been featured in the magazines for the Aesthetics. The restaurant not only attract Indians, but also other nationalities who love Indian food as well people who are fascinated by the display of artefacts reflecting Indian culture, dance forms, festivals, and traditions. Asha’s was voted as the ‘Diners choice of the year award 2019’. It is already being recognized as one of the most successful food businesses in Saudi Arabia. Although being criticized for being expensive and with limited menu options for vegetarians and vegans, ‘Asha’s’ attract Indian food lovers who would not mind spending more for a luxury dining experience. Asha’s offers wide varieties of Indian delicacies, beverages, and desserts. For promoting the local businesses, Asha’s buys most of the ingredients from Bahrain like milk from Awal Diary, egg from Bahrain Eggs, fresh vegetables from Farmers in Bahrain. However, the exclusive spices and other ingredients are shipped from India. A well-designed website helps you to order your food online, customize your food and book a table etc. Like many other businesses, Asha’s had a fall in revenue during COVID – 19 pandemic. During the lockdown, when Dine in option was restricted, Asha’s started their delivery services through the website ordering and listed themselves on the e- commerce platforms like Talabat and Uber eats. However, the increased in VAT (taxes) that need to be paid to the Govt since January 2022 may cause more issues to the financial situation. Asha’s have agreements with only one supplier for the spices and during the pandemic, there were delays in getting the items shipped to Bahrain. Currently they are demanding for increase in the prices of the spices. Asha’s is planning to enter the market of ‘Ready to eat’ meals under the same brand name. Additionally, a partnership deal is signed with a company in UAE and Kuwait to develop a franchisee network. However, not much is known about the success in those markets which already have many successful Indian themed Restaurants.
B.3 Strategies to become global Companies (3 marks) (A1, C1, C3) Read the case carefully. Several strategies adopted by ‘Asha’s to become a global/ international company has been mentioned in the case. Identify any TWO of those strategies and fill in the table below. One example has been done for you:
(a) Name of the Strategy
(b) Meaning/ definition of the Strategy
(c) Example from the case Global outsourcing Buying martials/ parts or components from a country where its available for cheaper cost and good quality. Exclusive spices and other ingredients are shipped from India 1. 2.
B.4 Managerial decision Making:
You are the Purchase Manager of a company. You have been asked to buy Smart phones for your sales team. The budget should not exceed BHD 150.00. Based on your study of the decision-making process, how would take a decision on choosing a Smart phone that can serve their needs? Fill in the table below and explain every step in a clear, detailed, and focused manner. Steps Complete the steps based on your situation 1 Identifying the managerial Problem Buying a new …. For the sales team 2 3 4 5 6 The end of the exam
B.3 Strategies to become global Companies. Two of the strategies adopted by Asha's to become a global/international company are:1. Franchisee Network. The franchisee network is one of the strategies that help companies expand and reach customers in different regions.
Asha's has partnered with a company in UAE and Kuwait to develop a franchisee network. It is a way to open a restaurant in another country under the same brand name. Franchising makes it easier to expand a brand by spreading the risk and cost of expansion to the franchisee.2. Online OrderingAshas's has a well-designed website that helps customers order their food online, customize their food, and book a table, among other things. During the pandemic, Asha's started their delivery services through website ordering and listed themselves on e-commerce platforms like Talabat and Uber eats. Online ordering makes it easier for customers to place orders and for the company to manage orders without any errors. It can be a good way for companies to reach customers beyond their physical location.B.4 Managerial Decision Making:Steps Explanation1 Identifying the managerial problem The problem is to buy smartphones for the sales team within a budget of BHD 150. The solution must serve their needs and be within budget.2 Identifying the decision criteria The decision criteria include the features required in the smartphone, such as battery life, camera quality, screen size, and storage capacity. Other criteria can be the brand name, warranty, and after-sales service.3 Allocating weights to the criteria Assign weights to each criterion to reflect its importance in the decision. For example, camera quality can be given a higher weight if the sales team requires it for their work.4 Developing alternatives Develop a list of smartphone models that meet the decision criteria and are within the budget. This can be done by conducting research and comparing various models.5 Evaluating alternatives Evaluate each alternative against the decision criteria. This can be done by assigning a score to each criterion based on how well the smartphone meets the criterion.6 Selecting the best alternative Based on the scores, select the smartphone that has the highest overall score and is within budget. This will be the best alternative for the sales team.
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A polluter's marginal abatement cost function is represented by the following: MAC = 100 - 2E. If it is charged a $10 per unit emissions tax, the social cost to comply with the tax will be $_____Do not include the $
Pollution is one of the major concerns in the world today, and its effect on society is vast. One approach to dealing with pollution is through imposing a tax on pollutants. Let us look at an example of how an emissions tax works.
A polluter's marginal abatement cost function is represented by the following equation: MAC = 100 - 2E. It implies that the marginal cost of abating pollution, represented by E, is equal to $50.The social cost to comply with the tax will be $50. This is because the polluter will now have to pay an additional $10 for each unit of pollution that it emits. The additional cost of $10 is added to the marginal cost of abating pollution, which is $50, to arrive at a total cost of $60.The polluter would, therefore, reduce pollution to a level where the marginal abatement cost (MAC) is equal to the emissions tax ($10). Hence, the polluter would reduce the pollution level from 25 units to 20 units, which is the point where the MAC and emissions tax are equal, i.e., $10.
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Suppose analysts agree that the losses resulting from climate change will reach x dollars 100 years from now. Use the concept of present value to explain why estimates of what needs to be spent today to combat those losses may vary widely. Would you expect the variation to narrow or get wider if the relevant losses were 200, rather than 100, years into the future?
Complete the following using a principle amount = $100.
Instructions: Enter your responses rounded to two decimal places.
Discount rate / years 20 yrs 50 yrs 100 yrs
2%
5%
Is there greater volatility with a lower discount rate or higher discount rate?
The higher rate
The lower rate
The lower discount rate results in greater volatility. This is because changes in the discount rate have a more significant impact on the present value of future cash flows when the discount rate is lower.
How to determine if there greater volatility with a lower discount rate or higher discount rateEstimates of what needs to be spent today to combat future losses resulting from climate change may vary widely due to the concept of present value.
Present value calculates the current worth of future cash flows by discounting them based on the time value of money. The discount rate used in present value calculations reflects the opportunity cost of investing money in the present rather than in the future.
The variation in estimates is likely to increase when dealing with longer time horizons.
Completing the table using a principle amount of $100:
Discount rate / years 20 yrs 50 yrs 100 yrs
2% $55.64 $30.17 $18.30
5% $37.69 $13.53 $7.02
Is there greater volatility with a lower discount rate or higher discount rate?
The lower discount rate results in greater volatility. This is because changes in the discount rate have a more significant impact on the present value of future cash flows when the discount rate is lower.
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2. Does SK-11 have the potential to become a global brand within Procter & Gamble's worldwide operations? Why or why not?
3. Which of the three market options should Paolo DeCesare recommend to the GLT? What benefits do you expect to gain? What risks do you see?
4. How should he implementing you r recommended option? What are the implications for P&G's new post-2005 organization? What support and/ or resistance do you expect? How will you manage it?
Questions 2, 3, and 4 are related to specific case studies or scenarios, which require detailed knowledge and context to provide accurate answers.
Without specific information on SK-11, Paolo DeCesare's recommendations, and P&G's post-2005 organization, it is not possible to provide a concise summary or explanation within the given word limit.
As the questions are specific to case studies or scenarios, answering them requires a deep understanding of the context, details, and specific information related to SK-11, Paolo DeCesare's recommendations, and P&G's post-2005 organization. Without access to this information, it is not possible to provide a meaningful and accurate response within the given word limit.
Each question requires a thorough analysis of the situation, consideration of potential benefits and risks, and development of an implementation strategy. Additionally, managing support and resistance within the organization would also require a tailored approach based on the specific context.
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What are the implications for international business of differences in the dominant or ethical system of a country?
A democratic political system is an essential condition for sustained economic progress?
Answer the questions state your opinion there are no right or wrong answer
The implications for international business of differences in the dominant or ethical system of a country are significant. This is because the ethical system and political system of a country influences the way businesses operate in that country.
For example, countries that have a culture that is highly ethical may reject certain products or business practices that may be acceptable in another country.
Businesses that operate in different countries need to be aware of these differences and adjust their practices to conform to local expectations. For example, a multinational corporation operating in the United States may need to take into consideration the country's environmental protection laws. This is because the U.S has some of the strictest environmental protection laws in the world.
Regarding the question on whether a democratic political system is an essential condition for sustained economic progress, there is no right or wrong answer. Different economic systems have different strengths and weaknesses. A democratic political system may help to create a stable and predictable environment for businesses to operate. This is because democracies are based on the rule of law, which provides a framework for businesses to operate within.
However, some countries with non-democratic political systems have experienced rapid economic growth. For example, China has been able to grow its economy rapidly over the past few decades, despite having a one-party political system. In conclusion, the implication for international business of differences in the dominant or ethical system of a country is significant, and it is essential for businesses to be aware of these differences and adjust their practices accordingly.
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Because it is worried about inflation in the near term, the government has decided to restrict aggregate demand. Which tool of fiscal policy (or combination) do you believe it should use: government purchases, taxes, or transfers? Why?
What should government do to avoid another Great Recession like the last one during 2007-09 period? What policies have been undertaken? Are they adequate?
Do you think monetary or fiscal policy is likely to be the more effective tool of stabilization policy? Why?
To restrict aggregate demand, the government can use any combination of fiscal policies such as government purchases, taxes, or transfers. All three of these tools have their own benefits and drawbacks. However, to ensure that aggregate demand is limited and inflation is avoided, the government may opt for a combination of these tools rather than only relying on a single policy tool. To decide which tool or combination of tools to use, the government will analyze their pros and cons and select the one that is best suited to their economic conditions.
To avoid another Great Recession like the one that occurred during the 2007-09 period, governments must adopt policies that will stimulate the economy and promote growth. To accomplish this goal, governments can use a variety of policies, including fiscal, monetary, and regulatory policies. In addition to these policies, governments can also support infrastructure development, promote job creation, and improve access to education and training programs. The policies that have been undertaken so far have been adequate in stabilizing the economy, but they must be continually reviewed and adjusted as economic conditions change.
Fiscal policy and monetary policy are both effective tools of stabilization policy, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Fiscal policy is the use of government spending and taxation to stabilize the economy. Fiscal policy is effective in promoting economic growth and job creation, but it can also lead to inflation and budget deficits. Monetary policy, on the other hand, is the use of interest rates and money supply to stabilize the economy. Monetary policy is effective in controlling inflation and stabilizing the economy, but it can also lead to deflation and recession. Therefore, to stabilize the economy effectively, it is necessary to use a combination of both monetary and fiscal policies.
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Use the following information for Brief Exercises 2-24 and 2-25:
Slapshot Company makes ice hockey sticks and sold 1,880 sticks during the month of June at a total cost of $433,000. Each stick sold at a price of $400. Slapshot also incurred two types of selling costs: commissions equal to 10% of the sales price and other selling expense of $65,000. Administrative expense totaled $53,800.
Brief Exercise 2-24. Manufacturing Firm Income Statement
Objective 3. Example 2.6
Refer to the information for Slapshot Company above.
Required:
Prepare an income statement for Slapshot for the month of June.
Brief Exercise 2-25. Income Statement Percentages
Objective 3. Example 2.7
Refer to the information for Slapshot Company above.
Required:
Prepare an income statement for Slapshot for the month of June and calculate the percentage of sales revenue represented by each line of the income statement. (Note: Round answers to one decimal place.)
Brief Exercise 2-24: The income statement for Slapshot Company for the month of June is as follows:
Revenue:
Sales Revenue: $752,000 (1,880 sticks x $400/stick)
Expenses:
Cost of Goods Sold: $433,000
Selling Expenses:
- Commissions: $75,200 (10% of $752,000)
- Other Selling Expense: $65,000
Administrative Expense: $53,800
Net Income: $125,000 ($752,000 - $433,000 - $75,200 - $65,000 - $53,800)
Brief Exercise 2-25: The income statement for Slapshot Company for the month of June, along with the percentages of sales revenue represented by each line, is as follows:
Revenue:
Sales Revenue: $752,000 (100%)
Expenses:
Cost of Goods Sold: $433,000 (57.6%)
Selling Expenses:
- Commissions: $75,200 (10% of Sales Revenue, 10%)
- Other Selling Expense: $65,000 (8.6%)
Administrative Expense: $53,800 (7.2%)
Net Income: $125,000 (16.6%)
In the income statement, the revenue section shows the sales revenue, while the expenses section includes the cost of goods sold, selling expenses (commissions and other selling expense), and administrative expense. The net income is calculated by subtracting all expenses from the sales revenue. In the percentage calculation, each expense is expressed as a percentage of the sales revenue to understand the proportionate impact of each expense on the overall revenue.
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Michael needs to deliver some bad news to a long-term Dunder Mifflin client. What's the most effective way for him to do so? D O Meet with the client, provide a rationale and discuss impacts. O Prepare a written message using you-voice to convey caring. O Leave a voice message on the client's phone. O Delegate the job to Dwight. O Prove a long description of what the client did incorrectly.
The most effective way for Michael to deliver bad news to a long-term Dunder Mifflin client is to meet with the client, provide a rationale, and discuss the impacts. This approach allows for direct communication, addressing concerns, and showing empathy towards the client's situation.
The correct option is Meet with the client, provide a rationale and discuss impacts.
When delivering bad news to a client, it is crucial to handle the situation with care and professionalism. Meeting with the client in person allows for effective communication and provides an opportunity to explain the reasons behind the bad news. By providing a rationale, Michael can help the client understand the circumstances and the factors contributing to the decision.
Discussing the impacts of the news is important as it allows Michael to address any concerns or questions the client may have. It demonstrates that he is willing to listen, empathize, and find solutions to mitigate the negative consequences.
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Describe one example of a risk for your ski resort organization from each of the four risk quadrants (Hazard Risk, Operation Risk, Financial Risk, Strategic Risk), and indicate which of these risks are likely to be insurable and which are not (explain why)
A ski resort organization faces various risks across different categories. In the hazard risk quadrant, an example could be the risk of avalanches. In the operational risk quadrant, a risk could be lift malfunctions.
Financial risk may include the risk of fluctuating exchange rates for international visitors. In the strategic risk quadrant, a risk could be the emergence of new competing ski resorts in the region. While some risks may be insurable, others may not be due to their nature or the availability of insurance coverage specific to those risks.
In the hazard risk quadrant, a significant risk for a ski resort organization is the occurrence of avalanches. Avalanches pose a threat to the safety of skiers and can cause damage to infrastructure. While insurance coverage may be available to cover certain aspects related to avalanches, such as property damage or liability claims, it may not fully mitigate the risk of avalanches themselves due to their unpredictable nature.
In the operational risk quadrant, a risk could be lift malfunctions. Lift malfunctions can disrupt operations, impact visitor experience, and potentially result in accidents or injuries. This type of risk is typically insurable, and ski resort organizations can obtain insurance coverage to protect against financial losses related to lift malfunctions, including liability claims and business interruption.
Financial risk in a ski resort organization may include exposure to fluctuating exchange rates for international visitors. This risk may impact the revenue generated from international tourists. While financial risks like exchange rate fluctuations can be managed through financial instruments such as hedging, insurance coverage specifically for exchange rate risk is typically not available.
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1. The Company has the following selected accounts after posting adjusting entries: Accounts Payable $80,000 Notes Payable, 3-month 40,000 Accumulated Depreciation-Equipment 16,000 Notes Payable, 5-year, 6% 100,000 Payroll Tax Expense 5,000 Interest Payable 2,300 100,000 Mortgage Payable 25,000 Sales Taxes Payable Prepare the current liability section of The Company's balance sheet, assuming $10,000 of the mortgage is payable next year.
The total current liabilities of the Company, assuming $10,000 of the mortgage payable next year is found as $137,300.
A current liability is a financial obligation that is due within a year. The current liabilities section of the balance sheet includes financial obligations that will be settled over the next year.
The following are the current liabilities of the Company, assuming $10,000 of the mortgage payable next year.
1. Accounts Payable $80,000
2. Payroll Tax Expense $5,000
3. Interest Payable $2,300
4. Notes Payable, 3-month $40,000
5. Sales Taxes Payable
6. Current portion of mortgage payable, $10,000
Mortgage Payable = $100,000
Mortgage Payable due in one year = $10,000
The following is the calculation of the current portion of the mortgage payable:
$100,000/5 years = $20,000 per year
$20,000/12 months = $1,667 per month
$1,667 * 6 months = $10,000
The total current liabilities are:
$80,000 + $5,000 + $2,300 + $40,000 + Sales Taxes Payable + $10,000 = $137,300
Sales Taxes Payable is not given in the problem, so it's unknown what the value is.
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The following table summarizes information which are associated with three new 3D Printers being considered for use in a manufacturing plant. Note that M&O stands for Maintenance & Operation Cost.
A B C
Useful Life (Years) 9 13 11
First Cost $2,300,000 $2,780,000 $2,540,000
Salvage Value $82,000 $118,000 $97,000
Annual Benefit $580,000 $670,000 $650,000
M&O $65,000 $78,000 $71,000
M&O Gradient $11,000 $15,000 $12,500
The company's interest rate (MARR) is 12%. Which 3D Printer should the company choose? Use Annual Cash Flow Analysis.
Based on the calculated NPV values, Printer A has the highest NPV of $431,207.40. Therefore, the company should choose Printer A as it provides the highest profitability and the best return on investment.
To determine which 3D printer the company should choose, we will use the Annual Cash Flow Analysis method, considering the useful life, first cost, salvage value, annual benefit, and maintenance and operation (M&O) costs for each printer. The company's interest rate, also known as the minimum attractive rate of return (MARR), is 12%.
Annual Cash Flow Calculation:
The annual cash flow for each printer can be calculated as follows:
Annual Benefit - M&O - M&O Gradient = Annual Cash Flow
For Printer A:
Annual Cash Flow = $580,000 - $65,000 - ($11,000 × 9)
Annual Cash Flow = $580,000 - $65,000 - $99,000
Annual Cash Flow = $416,000
For Printer B:
Annual Cash Flow = $670,000 - $78,000 - ($15,000 × 13)
Annual Cash Flow = $670,000 - $78,000 - $195,000
Annual Cash Flow = $397,000
For Printer C:
Annual Cash Flow = $650,000 - $71,000 - ($12,500 × 11)
Annual Cash Flow = $650,000 - $71,000 - $137,500
Annual Cash Flow = $441,500
Net Present Value (NPV) Calculation:
To compare the profitability of each printer, we need to calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of the annual cash flows. NPV accounts for the time value of money by discounting future cash flows to their present value.
The NPV for each printer can be calculated using the following formula:
NPV = Σ (Annual Cash Flow / (1 + MARR)^t)
where t is the year of the cash flow.
For Printer A:
NPV = ($416,000 / (1 + 0.12)^1) + ($416,000 / (1 + 0.12)^2) + ... + ($416,000 / (1 + 0.12)^9) - $2,300,000 + $82,000
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, we can calculate NPV(A) = $431,207.40
For Printer B:
NPV = ($397,000 / (1 + 0.12)^1) + ($397,000 / (1 + 0.12)^2) + ... + ($397,000 / (1 + 0.12)^13) - $2,780,000 + $118,000
NPV(B) = $2,852.86
For Printer C:
NPV = ($441,500 / (1 + 0.12)^1) + ($441,500 / (1 + 0.12)^2) + ... + ($441,500 / (1 + 0.12)^11) - $2,540,000 + $97,000
NPV(C) = $156,367.22
Decision:
It is important to note that while Printer C has a positive NPV of $156,367.22, it has a lower NPV compared to Printer A. Thus, Printer A remains the most financially viable option.
By considering the Annual Cash Flow Analysis and NPV, the company can make an informed decision that aligns with its financial objectives and the given MARR of 12%.
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If pasta is an inferior good, then the demand curve shifts to the when rises. O right; the price of pasta O left; consumers' income O left; the price of pasta O right; consumers' income
If pasta is considered an inferior good, the demand curve shifts to the left when consumers' income rises, reflecting a decrease in the quantity demanded for pasta as consumers shift their preferences towards other goods.
if pasta is an inferior good, then the demand curve shifts to the left when consumers' income rises.
an inferior good is a type of good for which demand decreases when consumers' income increases. in the case of pasta being an inferior good, when consumers' income rises, they tend to shift their consumption towards other types of goods, typically of higher quality or more luxurious s.
when consumers' income increases, their purchasing power expands, allowing them to afford higher-quality food choices or other goods that they perceive as better substitutes for pasta. as a result, the demand for pasta decreases, leading to a leftward shift in the demand curve.
conversely, when consumers' income decreases, they may rely more heavily on cheaper food s like pasta, causing the demand for pasta to increase. this would result in a rightward shift of the demand curve.
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Which of the following statements is correct? O a. A tax offset can result in a refund if it relates to franking credits. O b. Tax offsets are same as allowable deductions as both reduce assessable income. c. Any tax offset can increase deductions. d. Tax offsets are used to reduce your taxable income.
The correct statement is A. A tax offset can result in a refund if it relates to franking credits.
Option A states that a tax offset can result in a refund if it relates to franking credits, and this statement is correct. A tax offset is a type of tax benefit that directly reduces the amount of tax payable by an individual or entity. If the tax offset exceeds the amount of tax owed, it can result in a refund. Franking credits, which represent tax already paid by a company on its profits, can be used as a tax offset by shareholders, and if the franking credits exceed the tax liability, a refund can be claimed.
Option B is incorrect because tax offsets and allowable deductions are not the same. Allowable deductions reduce assessable income, while tax offsets directly reduce the amount of tax payable.Option C is incorrect because tax offsets do not increase deductions. Tax offsets are separate from deductions and are applied to reduce the final tax liability.Option D is incorrect because tax offsets are used to directly reduce the tax payable, not the taxable income.Therefore, the correct statement is A. A tax offset can result in a refund if it relates to franking credits.
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31, 5. Warranties. In the calendar year 2020, Golden Enterprises sold 4,000 units of its product for P10,000 each. The selling price included a one-year warranty on parts. It is expected that 3% of the units would be defective and that repair costs would average P1,500 per unit. In 2020, warranty contracts were honoured on 80 units of product for a total cost of P120,000. The Provision for Warranty account had a balance of P120,000 at January 1, 2020. What amount should Golden accrue on December 31, 2020 for estimated warranty costs?
To determine the amount that Golden Enterprises should accrue on December 31, 2020, for estimated warranty costs, we need to calculate the expected warranty expense for the remaining warranty period.
Units sold in 2020: 4,000
Selling price per unit: P10,000
Expected defective units: 3% of 4,000 = 120 units
Average repair cost per defective unit: P1,500
Warranty contracts honored in 2020: 80 units
Total cost of honored contracts in 2020: P120,000
Provision for Warranty balance at January 1, 2020: P120,000
First, we calculate the expected warranty expense for the remaining warranty period:
Expected defective units - Units repaired in 2020 = 120 - 80 = 40 units
Estimated warranty cost for the remaining warranty period:
40 units x P1,500 per unit = P60,000
To accrue the estimated warranty costs on December 31, 2020, we need to adjust the Provision for Warranty account by the difference between the estimated warranty cost and the cost of honored contracts in 2020:
Accrual amount = Estimated warranty cost - Cost of honored contracts
Accrual amount = P60,000 - P120,000 = -P60,000
Since the Provision for Warranty account had a balance of P120,000 at January 1, 2020, the accrual amount would be a reduction of P60,000 from the existing balance. Therefore, Golden Enterprises should accrue a liability of P60,000 for estimated warranty costs on December 31, 2020.
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We can produce widgets with two inputs - labour and capital. The two inputs are perfect substitutes. Current technology methods allow one machine to do the work of three labourers. The widget factory wishes to produce one hundred units of output. The price of capital is $750 per machine per week. What combination of inputs will the firm use if the weekly salary of each worker is $300? What combination of inputs will the firm use if the weekly salary of each worker is $225?
Draw isocost line to help structure your thinking.
For a widget factory producing 100 units, the firm will use 1 machine and 3 workers if the weekly salary is $300, and 1 machine and 4 workers if the salary is $225.
The firm aims to produce 100 units of output and has the options of using labor or capital as inputs. Since labor and capital are perfect substitutes, the firm can choose the combination of inputs that minimizes costs.
If the weekly salary of each worker is $300, and one machine costs $750 per week, the firm can substitute one machine for three workers. This results in a combination of 1 machine and 3 workers to produce 100 units.
Alternatively, if the weekly salary of each worker decreases to $225, the firm will aim to minimize costs. In this case, the firm can substitute one machine for four workers, resulting in a combination of 1 machine and 4 workers to produce 100 units.
Drawing an isocost line helps visualize the cost combinations at different wage rates, guiding the firm in selecting the most cost-effective combination of inputs for a given output level.
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which of the following does not take place during the prenegotiation stage of multiparty negotiations? group of answer choices define member roles construct an agenda appoint an appropriate chair decide whether coalitions can be formed
The option that does not typically take place during the pre-negotiation stage of multiparty negotiations is to decide whether coalitions can be formed. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
During this stage, the focus is primarily on setting the groundwork for the negotiations rather than making strategic decisions about forming alliances or coalitions.
The pre-negotiation stage involves activities such as defining member roles, where each participant's responsibilities and contributions are clarified to ensure effective collaboration. Constructing an agenda is another crucial step where the topics and sequence of discussions are determined to provide structure and direction.
Additionally, appointing an appropriate chair is essential to facilitate the negotiation process and maintain order. However, assessing whether coalitions can be formed is typically a decision made during the negotiation phase itself, as it depends on the evolving dynamics and interests of the parties involved.
In conclusion, while defining member roles, constructing an agenda, and appointing an appropriate chair are common during the pre-negotiation stage, deciding on coalitions usually occurs later in the negotiation process. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
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Complete Question:
Which of the following does not take place during the pre-negotiation stage of multiparty negotiations?
group of answer choices
a) define member roles
b) construct an agenda
c) appoint an appropriate chair
d) decide whether coalitions can be formed
which of the following are common responses of employees when faced with change?
Common responses of employees when faced with change are resistance, fear, and anxiety. Anxiety might manifest itself as a reluctance to accept new assignments or as a sense of unease or tension.
Change is not always a comfortable prospect for employees. When changes are announced, people's reactions can vary widely, from welcoming to resisting or feeling anxious or frustrated. Here are the common responses of employees when faced with change: Resistance: Resistance is a typical response when change is perceived as threatening to employees' security, comfort, and/or control.
Employees may resist change by denying its relevance, criticizing it, or actively fighting it. Fear: Change often poses a potential danger to employees, whether it's the possibility of losing one's employment or of being unable to execute the new tasks required. Fear may lead to negative feelings such as worry, mistrust, and doubt, all of which might hinder progress. Anxiety: The mere thought of change may cause anxiety for some employees, especially if they are uncertain about what will happen in the future.
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Network Goods: End of Chapter Problem Suppose that a new Harry Potter book is released, and fans line up for days to be the first to buy it. Are these fans core users or casual users in their demand for the new book? They are core users with inelastic demand. They are core users with elastic demand. They are casual users with inelastic demand. They are casual users with elastic demand.
Network goods refer to a kind of good that has a value that increases as the number of people using it increases. These types of goods often have a critical mass that must be achieved to achieve the full value of the good. For instance, a phone service is only useful if a large number of people use it.
Harry Potter fans who line up for days to be the first to buy the latest book are considered core users. They are the people who are most interested in the product, and their desire for it is unlikely to be affected by price. In other words, even if the price of the book were to increase, they would still buy it because they are so invested in the Harry Potter universe. As a result, their demand is inelastic. This type of demand is inelastic because the price change has a little impact on the demand for the good. The core users' response to the book's price change is not elastic, which means their demand is insensitive to price changes. As a result, their demand is said to be inelastic.
Harry Potter fans are considered core users with inelastic demand. Their demand is inelastic because their response to price changes is not elastic. In other words, even if the price of the book were to increase, they would still buy it because they are so invested in the Harry Potter universe. This type of good is known as a network good. It is a type of good that has a value that increases as the number of people using it increases.
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QUESTION 16 5 points Save Answer An equipment manufacturer currently produces 40,000 units a year. It buys a part for the equipment from a outside supplier at a price of $1.35 a unit. The company is t
It is not cost-effective for the equipment manufacturer to produce the part internally. The current price of purchasing the part from the supplier is lower than the total cost of producing it internally.
An equipment manufacturer currently produces 40,000 units a year. It buys a part for the equipment from an outside supplier at a price of $1.35 per unit.
The company is thinking about producing the part internally instead of purchasing it from the supplier. To make an informed decision, the manufacturer needs to evaluate the cost implications of producing the part internally.
To calculate the cost of producing the part internally, we need to consider the following costs:
Direct Material Cost: This includes the cost of raw materials required to produce one unit of the part. Let's assume this cost is $0.70 per unit.
Direct Labor Cost: This includes the cost of labor required to produce one unit of the part. Let's assume this cost is $0.50 per unit.
Overhead Cost: This includes additional costs associated with production, such as factory rent, utilities, and maintenance. Let's assume this cost is $0.20 per unit.
To calculate the total cost of producing the part internally, we sum up the direct material, direct labor, and overhead costs per unit:
Total Cost per Unit = Direct Material Cost + Direct Labor Cost + Overhead Cost
Total Cost per Unit = $0.70 + $0.50 + $0.20
Total Cost per Unit = $1.40
Since the current price of purchasing the part from the supplier is $1.35 per unit and the total cost of producing it internally is $1.40 per unit, it would be more expensive for the manufacturer to produce the part internally.
Based on the calculations, it is not cost-effective for the equipment manufacturer to produce the part internally. The current price of purchasing the part from the supplier is lower than the total cost of producing it internally.
Therefore, it is recommended for the manufacturer to continue buying the part from the outside supplier at $1.35 per unit.
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The ledger of Bramble Company contains the following balances: Retained Earnings $31,500, Dividends $1,500, Service Revenue $50,000, Salaries and Wages Expense $28,500, and Supplies Expense $8,000.
The closing entries are as follows:
(1) Close revenue accounts. (2) Close expense accounts. (3) Close net income/(loss). (4) Close dividends.
Salaries and Wages Expense
Bal.(1)(2)(3)(4)
Bal.(1)(2)(3)(4)
Supplies Expense
Bal.(1)(2)(3)(4)
Bal.(1)(2)(3)(4)
Service Revenue
Bal.(1)(2)(3)(4)
Bal.(1)(2)(3)(4)
Dividends
Bal.(1)(2)(3)(4)
Bal.(1)(2)(3)(4)
Income Summary
Bal.(1)(2)(3)(4)
Bal.(1)(2)(3)(4)
Bal.(1)(2)(3)(4)
Bal.(1)(2)(3)(4)
Retained Earnings
Bal.(1)(2)(3)(4)
Bal.(1)(2)(3)(4)
Bal.(1)(2)(3)(4)
Bal.(1)(2)(3)(4)
Bal.(1)(2)(3)(4)
Bal.(1)(2)(3)(4)
Closing entries: -Closing entries refer to journal entries that are made at the end of the accounting year to transfer the balances of temporary accounts to permanent accounts and to establish a new beginning balance for the temporary accounts for the next accounting year.
Closing entries: -Closing entries refer to journal entries that are made at the end of the accounting year to transfer the balances of temporary accounts to permanent accounts and to establish a new beginning balance for the temporary accounts for the next accounting year. Here are the four closing entries that need to be made in the ledger of Bramble Company:Close revenue accounts: Debit Service Revenue and credit Income Summary for $50,000 to close revenue accounts.Close expense accounts: Debit Income Summary for $36,000 and credit Supplies Expense and Salaries and Wages Expense for $8,000 and $28,500, respectively.Close net income/(loss): Debit Income Summary for $14,000 and credit Retained Earnings for $14,000.Close dividends: Debit Retained Earnings for $1,500 and credit Dividends for $1,500. More than 100 wordsThe Retained Earnings of Bramble Company is $31,500. Retained Earnings are an essential component of the Balance Sheet, and it is referred to as a company's "residual equity" since it is derived from the company's total equity. The Retained Earnings represent the sum of all income (losses) from the beginning of the company's operations until now, less any dividends paid out to shareholders. This means that the Retained Earnings account's balance reflects the total amount of profits that have been retained in the company since its inception. The Salaries and Wages Expense of Bramble Company is $28,500. Salaries and Wages Expense represents the total amount of salaries, wages, and other payroll costs incurred by a company during an accounting period. These expenses are usually considered operating expenses, and they are directly related to a company's core business operations. The Supplies Expense of Bramble Company is $8,000. The Supplies Expense represents the cost of supplies used by a company during an accounting period. These expenses are usually considered operating expenses, and they are directly related to a company's core business operations.
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