Product costs are the costs of a product that are considered assets in a company's balance sheet when the costs are incurred and that are expensed as cost of goods sold only when the product is sold.
Product costs are the direct costs that a company incurs in manufacturing its products. Direct materials, direct labor, and factory overhead are the three types of product costs that are considered assets in a company's balance sheet when the costs are incurred and that are expensed as cost of goods sold only when the product is sold. These costs are called product costs because they are directly related to the production of goods and services.
An example of a product cost is the cost of goods sold (COGS). COGS refers to the direct costs associated with producing a product, such as the cost of materials, labor, and overhead. These costs are considered assets when they are incurred, and they are expensed as cost of goods sold only when the product is sold.
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Suppose that Shen is the only seller of kumquats in a small town. The following graph shows the demand and marginal revenue (MR) curves facing Shen. Use the green rectangle labeled Total Revenue (triangle symbols) to compute total revenue at various prices along the demand curve. To see the area of the Total Revenue rectangle, click the shaded area with your mouse. (Note: You will not be graded on where you place the rectangle.) ? 10 9 PRICE (Dollars per basket) 0 0 Demand 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 QUANTITY (Thousands of baskets per month) MR 20 Total Revenue On the following graph, use the green points (triangle symbol) to plot monthly total revenue at prices of $7.00, $6.00, $5.00, $4.00, $3.00, $2.00, and $1.00 per basket of kumquats. Be sure to use all of the points provided. Line segments will automatically connect the points. Then, consider the quantity of kumquats at which Shen's marginal revenue exactly equals zero. Place a grey point (star symbol) on the total revenue curve to indicate this quantity. Note: Drop lines will automatically extend to both axes. ? 40 36 32 28 24 20 0 2 4 6 20 8 10 12 14 16 18 QUANTITY (Thousands of baskets per month) If Shen sells 6,000 baskets at the highest price consumers are willing to pay according to the demand curve, his average revenue will be $ per basket. If a monopoly produces, then it will: Always operate on the inelastic portion of its demand curve Always produce the maximum amount of output possible O Always produce where marginal revenue equals zero O Always operate on the elastic portion of its demand curve TOTAL REVENUE (Thousands of dollars per month) Total Revenue
If Shen sells 6,000 baskets at the highest price consumers are willing to pay according to the demand curve, his average revenue will be $9.00 per basket.
To find the average revenue, we need to divide the total revenue by the quantity sold. In this case, the highest price consumers are willing to pay is $9.00 per basket, and Shen sells 6,000 baskets.
Therefore, the total revenue would be $9.00 multiplied by 6,000, which equals $54,000. Dividing this total revenue by the quantity of 6,000 baskets gives an average revenue of $9.00 per basket.
Based on the given information, if Shen sells 6,000 baskets at the highest price consumers are willing to pay, his average revenue per basket will be $9.00.
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If the NPV (Net Present Value) of a project with one sign reversal is negative, then the project's IRR (Internal Rate of Return) ________ the firm’s required rate of return.
Group of answer choices
could be greater or less than
must be less than
must be greater than
is exactly equal to
Systematic (or market) risk is that part of a stock’s risk that is non-diversifiable due to the exposure of the stock market to the effects of all of the following EXCEPT
Group of answer choices
changes in the general level of interest rates.
changes in the general level of macroeconomic activity.
changes in corporate tax legislation.
changes in the firm’s unsystematic risks.
The firm’s (weighted) cost of capital is commonly referred to as all the below EXCEPT:
Group of answer choices
opportunity cost of funds
internal rate of return
hurdle rate
required rate of return
1) If the NPV of a project with one sign reversal is negative, then the project's IRR must be less than the firm's required rate of return.
2) Systematic (or market) risk is that part of a stock's risk that is non-diversifiable due to the exposure of the stock market to the effects of all of the following EXCEPT changes in the firm’s unsystematic risks.
3) The firm's (weighted) cost of capital is commonly referred to as all the below EXCEPT internal rate of return.
1) The NPV represents the net present value of cash flows generated by a project, and a negative NPV indicates that the project's cash flows are not sufficient to cover the initial investment and meet the required rate of return. The IRR, on the other hand, represents the discount rate at which the project's NPV becomes zero. If the NPV is negative, it means that the IRR is less than the required rate of return.
2) Systematic risk refers to the risk that is inherent in the entire market or economy and cannot be eliminated through diversification. It includes factors such as changes in the general level of interest rates, changes in the general level of macroeconomic activity, and changes in corporate tax legislation.
3) The firm's (weighted) cost of capital is a financial metric that represents the average rate of return required by investors to provide funds to the firm. It is commonly referred to as the firm's opportunity cost of funds, hurdle rate, or required rate of return. The internal rate of return (IRR) is a different financial metric that represents the discount rate at which the present value of a project's cash flows equals its initial investment.
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• Would the United States be better off if it had several major political parties instead of just two? Why or why not?
• What impact on health care do you think having multiple political parties might have?
Political parties are important in any democratic society. They provide a way for people to organize and advocate for their political views. Currently, the United States has two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.
The United States would be better off if it had several major political parties instead of just two. This would allow for more diverse political representation and ideas to be considered. It would also make it easier for people to vote for candidates that they truly support, rather than feeling like they are choosing between the lesser of two evils. Having multiple political parties could also help to reduce the influence of money in politics, as candidates would not be reliant on a single party for support.
Having multiple political parties could have a significant impact on healthcare. Different parties often have different views on healthcare policy. For example, some parties might support a single-payer healthcare system, while others might support a more market-based approach. With multiple parties, there would be more opportunities for these different viewpoints to be represented. This could lead to more robust debate and discussion on healthcare policy, ultimately resulting in better policy outcomes. However, it is important to note that having multiple parties could also lead to greater political gridlock and make it more difficult to pass meaningful healthcare reform.
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Describe the different roles that will need to be performed on this team. Describe the steps you will take to help ensure that the team has a good balance between conformity and deviance, and then has a moderate level of cohesiveness
In a team, different roles need to be performed by different individuals, based on their skill sets, experiences, and capabilities.
The following are some of the essential roles that are needed for the success of the team and the project it is working on:1. Leader: This person should be responsible for directing the team and delegating tasks to the team members based on their capabilities.2. Coordinator: This person should be responsible for managing the different activities within the team, ensuring that they are aligned with the project's goals.3. Expert: This person should be an expert in a particular field that is relevant to the project. They should provide their expertise to the team whenever needed.4. Innovator: This person should be responsible for coming up with new ideas and approaches to solve problems. They should be creative and open-minded.To ensure that the team has a good balance between conformity and deviance, and then has a moderate level of cohesiveness, the following steps can be taken:1. Create clear and specific goals for the team that are aligned with the project's goals.2. Encourage open communication among team members and provide opportunities for feedback and discussion.3. Establish clear roles and responsibilities for each team member and ensure that they understand their responsibilities.4. Create a positive and supportive team environment that encourages collaboration and innovation.5. Celebrate successes and recognize the contributions of each team member.
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5. What type of logistics solutions did LeapFrog use to get the toys to the stores on time? What are the strengths and weaknesses of these solutions? If it had been August rather than Decem- ber, what other options might Leap- Frog have used? 6. In the chapter, we described agility as an enduring trend in operations and supply chain management. In your opinion, did LeapFrog and Capable Toys demonstrate agility in responding to the new market demands?
LeapFrog used several logistics solutions to get the toys to the stores on time. The logistics solutions used by LeapFrog are mentioned below: Inbound logistics: LeapFrog made several trips to Hong Kong to supervise production and make necessary modifications to the product design.
Transportation: LeapFrog’s transportation solution involved contracting with a global logistics company, which was responsible for all aspects of product movement from China to North America.
Distribution: For distribution, LeapFrog used a warehouse in California. From there, products were sent to distribution centers across the United States.Strengths and weaknesses of these solutions are mentioned below:
Strengths:LeapFrog's logistics solutions allowed it to reduce its delivery time significantly. They could deliver products within 30 to 40 days of placing an order, which is much quicker than the industry average.LeapFrog had complete control over product quality and design.
Weaknesses:LeapFrog was dependent on a single logistics provider, which made it vulnerable to disruptions in the supply chain.If it had been August rather than December, LeapFrog might have used air transportation to expedite the delivery process.
This would have allowed the company to get its products to market more quickly.In my opinion, LeapFrog and Capable Toys demonstrated agility in responding to the new market demands.
They were able to adjust their product designs and manufacturing processes quickly to meet the changing demands of the market. They also used a range of logistics solutions to get their products to market more quickly than their competitors.
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which allows advertisers to see which sites referred visitors
The technology that allows advertisers to see which sites referred visitors is called referral tracking or referral analytics.
Referral tracking is a technology or analytical tool used by advertisers to track and analyze the sources or websites that referred visitors to their own website or landing page. It provides insights into the effectiveness of different referral sources and helps advertisers understand which websites or channels are driving traffic and conversions.
Referral tracking typically involves the use of tracking codes or cookies that are placed on the advertiser's website or landing page. When a visitor arrives on the website, the tracking code identifies the source of the referral, such as a specific website, search engine, social media platform, or advertising campaign. This information is then collected and analyzed to determine the performance and ROI of various marketing channels and campaigns.
By utilizing referral tracking, advertisers can make data-driven decisions about their marketing strategies. They can identify high-performing referral sources, optimize their advertising spend, and adjust their marketing efforts to focus on the most effective channels. Overall, referral tracking helps advertisers measure the success of their online marketing activities and allocate resources more efficiently.
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Effects on investment, interest rate, and money supply if government increases taxes but private savings remain unchanged.
If the government increases taxes while private savings remain unchanged, several effects can be observed on investment, interest rates, and the money supply.
Firstly, the increase in taxes reduces the disposable income of individuals and businesses. This reduction in income can lead to a decrease in investment, as individuals and businesses have less money available to allocate towards capital expenditures and expansion. Lower investment levels can have a negative impact on economic growth and productivity in the long run.
Secondly, the increase in taxes may put pressure on interest rates. With reduced disposable income, individuals and businesses may be less inclined to borrow and invest, leading to a decrease in demand for credit. As a result, lenders may lower interest rates to incentivize borrowing and stimulate economic activity.
Lastly, the impact on the money supply will depend on how the government utilizes the increased tax revenue. If the government uses the additional funds for expenditure, it can lead to an increase in the money supply as it injects money into the economy. Conversely, if the government uses the increased taxes to reduce its budget deficit, it can have a contractionary effect on the money supply.
Overall, an increase in taxes with unchanged private savings can potentially lead to reduced investment, fluctuations in interest rates, and varying effects on the money supply depending on government spending decisions.
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Make or Buy-psychological tests Question 1 of 2 Not answered Your company is conducting individual career assessments. For each of these assessments you are to pay licence fees, additionally lobour cost apply. The variable costs per assessment are CHF 60 The fixed costs are labour cost of CHF 87000 on a yearly basis (40% of their capacity including social charges) Your company can perform up to 1200 assessments per year The external company EVAL limited is offering to perform these assessments at a standard price per test. Including the licence fee the overall cost per assessment would be CHF 115. Please calculate the financial impact (change in operating profit for your company), if there is a negative profit please include the financial impact with a minus sign for the following situations (enter whole numbers, without decimal places): A) Situation 1: You have excess capacity to conduct all yearly assessments. You can not reduce the working time of your employees and these are not be assigned to other tasks. What is the financial impact from outsourcing all assessments to EVAL? B) Situation 2: You have excess capacity to conduct all yearly assessments. You could reduce the working time of your employees by 80 % to reduce fixed costs. What is the financial impact from outsourcing all assessments to EVAL? C) Situation 3: You have excess capacity to conduct all yearly assessments. You can not reduce the working time of your employees. By re-assigning the employees to other tasks your company could generate an additional contribution margin of CHF 137000. What is the financial impact from outsourcing all assessments to EVAL? D) Situation 4: You have not sufficient capacity to conduct all yearly assessments. To increase your capacity there would thus be annual fixed costs in the amount described above in the initial situation. What is the financial impact from outsourcing all assessments to EVAL (in this case there is no increase of capacity necessary)?
Situation A is Variable costs: CHF 60/assessment * 1200 assessments/year = CHF 72,000/year, Fixed costs: CHF 87,000/year, Total costs: CHF 72,000/year + CHF 87,000/year = CHF 159,000/year, EVAL's cost: CHF 115/assessment * 1200 assessments/year = CHF 138,000/year
Financial impact: CHF 138,000/year - CHF 159,000/year = -CHF 21,000/year
Situation B:
Variable costs: CHF 60/assessment * 1200 assessments/year = CHF 72,000/year
Fixed costs: 80% * CHF 87,000/year = CHF 69,600/year
Total costs: CHF 72,000/year + CHF 69,600/year = CHF 141,600/year
EVAL's cost: CHF 115/assessment * 1200 assessments/year = CHF 138,000/year
Financial impact: CHF 138,000/year - CHF 141,600/year = -CHF 3,600/year
Situation C:
Variable costs: CHF 60/assessment * 1200 assessments/year = CHF 72,000/year
Fixed costs: CHF 0
Total costs: CHF 72,000/year
EVAL's cost: CHF 115/assessment * 1200 assessments/year = CHF 138,000/year
Financial impact: CHF 138,000/year - CHF 72,000/year = +CHF 66,000/year
Situation D:
Variable costs: 0
Fixed costs: CHF 87,000/year
Total costs: CHF 87,000/year
EVAL's cost: CHF 115/assessment * 1200 assessments/year = CHF 138,000/year
Financial impact: CHF 138,000/year - CHF 87,000/year = -CHF 51,000/year
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Select the statement that is not related to short-selling risk.
Recall risk is hard to mitigate as the borrowed securities can be recalled at any time by the lender
Liquidity risk occurs as the securities are not traded on exchanges
Dividend risk means that if the borrowed securities declare dividends, the borrower is obliged to pay the lender the dividend
Market risk involves the risk that the security being shorted will increase in price
The statement that is not related to short-selling risk is Liquidity risk occurs as the securities are not traded on exchanges. However, the other statements are related to short-selling risk.
Market risk involves the risk that the security being shorted will increase in price. Recall risk is hard to mitigate as the borrowed securities can be recalled at any time by the lender. Dividend risk means that if the borrowed securities declare dividends, the borrower is obliged to pay the lender the dividend. The process of short-selling comes with its own set of risks. The primary risk associated with short-selling is market risk. Market risk is associated with the risk that the security being shorted will increase in price and the investor will lose money. Another risk associated with short-selling is recall risk. This risk is hard to mitigate as the borrowed securities can be recalled at any time by the lender. Another risk is dividend risk.
This risk means that if the borrowed securities declare dividends, the borrower is obliged to pay the lender the dividend.
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Scenario:
Death Star Group, Ltd is a multinational company operating in the aerospace industry. While the company considers the carbon intensity of their business to be low, they have been publishing greenhouse gas emissions data for a number of years to meet regulatory requirements. At the last AGM, shareholders filed a resolution requesting that Death Star Group, Ltd disclose more information on the risks of climate change to their business and the financial impacts associated with these risks in the next annual report.
As other companies in the aerospace sector have not disclosed this information, the company is concerned that publishing these figures will draw negative attention to the business, as they may be perceived to be more vulnerable in the market. The reporting team have also expressed concerns over the quality of the information you currently have available, as the company have not undertaken a specific climate risk assessment.
Question:
State and discuss the specific legal issues that arise in the above scenario. Advice Death Star Group, Ltd about the convenience of disclosing the risk and financial impact information investors are requesting alongside its legal and reputational implications.
The specific legal issues in the scenario involve the obligation to disclose climate change risks and financial impacts to shareholders, the potential negative market perception, and the lack of a specific climate risk assessment.
The specific legal issue in this scenario is the obligation of Death Star Group, Ltd to disclose information on the risks of climate change to their business and the associated financial impacts. Shareholders have filed a resolution requesting this information, and if the company fails to comply, it could potentially face legal consequences, such as shareholder lawsuits or regulatory fines. Disclosure requirements may vary depending on the jurisdiction, but many countries have implemented regulations that mandate the reporting of environmental and sustainability information.
While Death Star Group, Ltd is concerned about the potential negative market perception that could arise from disclosing this information, they should carefully evaluate the benefits of providing transparency to investors. By disclosing the risks and financial impacts associated with climate change, the company can demonstrate their commitment to sustainability and responsible business practices. This increased transparency can lead to improved investor confidence, as stakeholders are increasingly interested in the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance of companies.
Additionally, disclosing this information can help the company comply with regulatory requirements and meet the growing expectations of investors and other stakeholders. Non-disclosure or insufficient disclosure could result in reputational damage and loss of trust, especially considering that other companies in the aerospace sector may begin disclosing similar information. Death Star Group, Ltd should consider seeking legal advice to ensure they are meeting their obligations while mitigating potential legal and reputational risks.
Furthermore, the absence of a specific climate risk assessment raises concerns about the quality of the information the company currently has available. Conducting a thorough climate risk assessment would provide a better understanding of the potential impacts of climate change on the company's operations, finances, and supply chain. This assessment would not only assist in preparing a more accurate annual report but also help the company proactively manage climate risks and identify opportunities for improvement.
In summary, while Death Star Group, Ltd may have concerns about negative market perception and the quality of available information, it is advisable for the company to disclose the requested climate change risk and financial impact information to investors. By doing so, they can demonstrate transparency, compliance with regulatory requirements, and a commitment to addressing climate risks. However, the company should carefully evaluate the legal and reputational implications and consider seeking legal advice to ensure compliance and mitigate potential risks.
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Bonds and Their Valuation: Calculating Yields Unlike the coupon interest rate, which is fixed, a bond's yield varies from day to day depending on market conditions. To be most useful, it should give us an estimate of the rate of return an investor would earn if that investor purchased the bond today and held it for its remaining life. There are three different yield calculations: Current yield, yield to maturity, and yield to call. A bond's current yield is calculated as the annual interest payment divided by the current price. Unlike the yield to maturity or the yield to call, it does not represent the actual return that investors should expect because it does not account for the capital gain or loss that will be realized if the bond is held until it matures or is called. This vield was popular before calculators and computers came along because it was easy to calculate; however, because it can be misleading, the yield to maturity and yield to call are more relevant. The yield to maturity (YTM) is the rate of return earned on a bond if it is held to maturity. It is the interest rate that forces the present value of the bond to equal the present values of the interest payments received during the life of the bond and the maturity value received at the bond's maturity. Calculate YTM using a financial calculator by entering the number of payment periods until maturity for N, the price of the bond for PV, the interest payments for PMT, and the maturity value for FV. Then solve for 1/YR YTM. Remember, you need to make the appropriate adjustments for a semiannual bond and realize that the calculated 1/YR is on a periodic basis so you will need to multiply the rate by 2 to obtain the annual rate. In addition, you need to make sure that the signs for PMT and FV are identical and that the opposite sign is used for PV; otherwise, your answer will be incorrect The yield to call (YTC) is the rate of return earned on a bond when it is called before its maturity date. The equation for solving for the YTC is shown below! Price of bond - Int. (1+2) + Call price (1+r) Calculate YTC using a financial calculator by entering the number of payment periods until call for N, the price of the band for PV, the interest payments for PMT, and the call price for FV. Then you can solve for 1/YR YTC. Again, remember you need to make the appropriate adjustments for a semiannual bond and realize that the calculated I/YR is on a periodic basis so you will need to multiply the rate by 2 to obtain the annual rate. In addition, you need to make sure that the signs for PMT and FV are identical and the opposite sign is used for PV; otherwise, your answer will be incorrect. A company is more likely to call its bonds if they are able to replace their current high-coupon debt with less expensive financing. A bond is more likely to be called if its price is Select par-because this means that the going market interest rate is less than its coupon rate. Quantitative Problem: Ace Products has a bond issue outstanding with 15 years remaining to maturity, a coupon rate of 7.6% with semiannual payments of $38, and a par value of $1,000. The price of each bond in the issue is $1,220.00. The bond issue is callable in 5 years at a call price of $1,076. What is the band's current yield? Do not round Intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. What is the band's nominal annual yield to maturity (YTM)? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. What is the band's nominal annual yield to call (YTC)? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. Assuming interest rates remain at current levels, will the bond issue be called? The firm sewd call the bond.
The bond's current yield is 3.11%, the nominal annual yield to maturity (YTM) is 2.57%, and the nominal annual yield to call (YTC) is 4.39%.
The bond's current yield can be calculated by dividing the annual interest payment by the current price. In this case, the annual interest payment is $38 (semiannual payment of $38 x 2) and the current price is $1,220. Therefore, the current yield is 3.11% ($38 / $1,220).
To calculate the bond's nominal annual yield to maturity (YTM), we need to use a financial calculator or a spreadsheet software. By entering the number of payment periods until maturity (30 semiannual periods), the price of the bond ($1,220), the interest payments ($38), and the maturity value ($1,000), we can solve for the YTM. The YTM for this bond is found to be 2.57%.
To calculate the bond's nominal annual yield to call (YTC), we need to use the same approach. By entering the number of payment periods until call (10 semiannual periods), the price of the bond ($1,220), the interest payments ($38), and the call price ($1,076), we can solve for the YTC. The YTC for this bond is found to be 4.39%.
The bond issue will not be called because the yield to call (YTC) of 4.39% is higher than the current yield to maturity (YTM) of 2.57%. When the yield to call is higher than the yield to maturity, it indicates that it is not financially advantageous for the company to call the bond before its maturity. The bond issue is not expected to be called based on the comparison of YTC and YTM.
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A. Read the article below. Based on the information provided in the article, determine the price elasticity of demand for gasoline and clothing and accessory. Explain your answer.
Gasoline and Apparel at Opposite Ends of Elasticity Equation
By Alex Carrick August 26, 2020, Daily Commercial News.
An interesting sidebar to the coronavirus story has been seeing how elastic prices are to dramatic shifts in retail sales and other high-profile categories of economic activity (e.g., in the travel sector). Wider than usual percentage changes have made relationships more apparent.
For July 2020, the U.S. "All-items' Consumer Price Index (CPI) was +1.0% year over year, with the 'core' rate of increase at +1.6%. (The 'core' rate eliminates items in the CPI basket' that have a history of extreme volatility, mainly in the energy and food spheres.) It's in specific consumer product categories, however, where the most fascinating results are to be found.
For starters, the retail sales of gasoline stations in July were -15.6% year over year. Much of the explanation lies in the fact the price of gasoline in America in the same month was -20.3% year to year.
The sales of 'clothing and accessory stores' on the hand, performed better with an increase in sales by 20.9% year to year despite the fall in the CPI index by -6.5% year to year. Discounts are being offered in the hopes of driving more sales. Extracted from:
B. Describe why there are incentive and coordination problems in central planning. Do we face such problems in a capitalist system? Explain.
C. "The relative scarcity of resources makes the operation of any economy a matter of choosing between alternatives". Explain
The relative scarcity of resources requires economies to make choices between alternatives due to limited resources and unlimited wants and needs.
A. The article does not provide sufficient information to determine the price elasticity of demand for gasoline and clothing and accessories. Price elasticity of demand is calculated by measuring the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. Without the specific data on the percentage changes in price and quantity demanded, we cannot determine the elasticity values for these goods.
B. In central planning, incentive and coordination problems arise due to the lack of market forces and price mechanisms. In a centrally planned economy, decision-making is centralized, and the government determines production, distribution, and resource allocation. In such a system, there may be a lack of incentives for individuals or firms to innovate, invest, and be productive. Coordination problems can occur when the central planner faces challenges in efficiently allocating resources and coordinating production processes across various sectors.
In a capitalist system, incentive and coordination problems still exist, but they are addressed through market mechanisms. In a market-based economy, individuals and firms are motivated by profit incentives, competition, and the price mechanism. Market forces guide resource allocation and coordinate economic activities through supply and demand dynamics, price signals, and voluntary transactions. While capitalism also faces challenges, such as market failures and inequalities, the decentralized nature of decision-making and competition helps address incentive and coordination problems more effectively than central planning.
C. The relative scarcity of resources means that there are limited quantities of resources available compared to the unlimited wants and needs of individuals and society. This scarcity necessitates making choices between various alternatives in the operation of an economy. Every decision to allocate resources to one particular use implies forgoing other possible uses.
Economies must prioritize and allocate resources efficiently to produce goods and services that are most desired or valued by society. Choices need to be made regarding the production of different goods, the allocation of labor and capital, and the distribution of resources. These decisions are influenced by factors such as consumer preferences, costs, technology, and available resources.
The concept of scarcity and the need for choices is fundamental to economics. By making choices based on preferences, costs, and trade-offs, societies aim to maximize their overall well-being and satisfy their most important needs and wants given the limitations imposed by scarcity.
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4. How can a service brand be developed?
5. How can the "Flower of Service" model be used to develop a
brand?
Service brand development- Service brand development includes the creation of a company identity and marketing strategy to create a service offering that meets customer needs and preferences.
To develop a service brand, you should follow these steps: Understand and define the service offering, Understand the target market, Develop the brand, positioning, Create the brand identity and Develop the marketing strategy.
5. Flower of Service Model-The "Flower of Service" model is a framework that can be used to visualize the service offerings that a business provides. According to this model, there are eight key elements of service that are essential to creating a successful service brand.
These elements are as follows:
Information - provide customers with information about the service or product.
Facilitating goods - provide customers with the physical goods required to deliver the service.
Explicit services - the services that are provided to the customers.
Implicit services - the overall experience and customer service.
Caring - how the business interacts with customers and provides support.
Hospitality - the level of customer service and customer satisfaction that the business provides.
Consultation - how the business provides customers with expert advice and consultation on the services that they provide.
Value - how the business can provide value for its customers by creating unique services or products.
These eight elements can be used to develop a service brand by determining which services are most important to customers and focusing on those elements that will make the most difference.
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if Dell computer faces the kind of demand curve that usually exists for most products, if it lowers the price of its products, the O a. demand remains constant. b. average variable cost increases. c. quantity demanded increases. O d. quantity demanded goes down.
Option (c), If Dell computer faces the kind of demand curve that usually exists for most products, if it lowers the price of its products, the quantity demanded increases.
What is a demand curve?A demand curve is a chart or graph that displays the correlation between price and quantity demanded. It demonstrates the quantity of a certain commodity that buyers are willing to acquire at different prices.
The law of demand states that if all other variables remain constant, the quantity demanded of a commodity and its price have an inverse relationship. If all other things are equal, as the price of a good rises, the quantity of the product that people will buy falls.
What happens to the quantity demanded when a firm lowers its price?When a company lowers the price of its product, it typically leads to a rise in the quantity demanded. This is due to the fact that when the price of a product decreases, the product becomes more affordable, and therefore more people are willing to purchase it as they perceive it as a value-for-money purchase. Thus, if Dell Computer faces the kind of demand curve that usually exists for most products if it lowers the price of its products, the quantity demanded increases.
When a company decides to lower the price of its product, it has a range of strategic goals that it might want to achieve. It might want to penetrate a new market, gain market share, or increase its customer base. However, regardless of the strategic goal, the main reason for lowering the price of a product is to stimulate demand and increase sales. When the price is lowered, the quantity demanded of the product increases as a result of the higher affordability, perceived value for money, and the resultant increase in customer base.
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what problems with cpt codes may cause insurance claims to be rejected?
CPT (Current Procedural Terminology) codes are used by healthcare providers to identify the services and procedures they provide to patients. Inaccuracies in CPT codes can cause insurance claims to be rejected.
Explanation:Errors in coding, coding shortcuts, and insufficient documentation are common reasons for claim rejections. An error can occur when a provider miscodes a service or procedure, or when a billing clerk incorrectly inputs the CPT code in the billing software. Even a small error can lead to a claim rejection. Inadequate documentation, such as incomplete medical records, can also lead to claim rejections. This is because the medical necessity of a procedure or service may not be evident without proper documentation.
Rejection of insurance claims due to errors in CPT codes is a common problem that providers and billing clerks face. Even a small error in the code can lead to a claim rejection. Common reasons for rejection include coding errors, coding shortcuts, and insufficient documentation. To avoid claim rejection, it's important for providers and billing clerks to be familiar with CPT codes and to double-check codes before submitting claims. Proper documentation is also essential to avoid claim rejections. Providers should ensure that medical records are complete and contain all necessary information to demonstrate the medical necessity of a procedure or service.
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Consider an economy described by the 6 following equations. In this economy, compute private saving, public saving, and national saving is there a budget surplus or deficit?
(1) Y=C+I+G
(2) Y = 6,000
(3) G= 1,250
(4) T = 1,500
(5) Consumption function: C = 200+ 0.8(Y-T)
(6) Investment function : 1 = 1000 4r
Select one
a. Public Saving= 250; Private saving-750 and National saving-1,000. There is a budget surplus
b. Public Saving= 250, Private saving-700 and National saving-950. There is a budget surplus
c. Public Saving= -250, Private saving= 750 and National saving-500. There is a budget deficit
d. Public Saving=-250, Private saving-700 and National saving-450. There is a budget deficit
To compute private saving, public saving, and national saving, we need to use the given equations and formulas.
Private Saving (Sprivate) = Y - T - C
Public Saving (Spublic) = T - G
National Saving (Snational) = Sprivate + Spublic
Given:
Y = 6,000
G = 1,250
T = 1,500
C = 200 + 0.8(Y - T)
I = 1,000 - 4r (not provided)
Let's calculate the values:
C = 200 + 0.8(Y - T)
= 200 + 0.8(6,000 - 1,500)
= 200 + 0.8(4,500)
= 200 + 3,600
= 3,800
Private Saving (Sprivate) = Y - T - C
= 6,000 - 1,500 - 3,800
= 700
Public Saving (Spublic) = T - G
= 1,500 - 1,250
= 250
National Saving (Snational) = Sprivate + Spublic
= 700 + 250
= 950
Based on the calculations, we have:
Private Saving (Sprivate) = 700
Public Saving (Spublic) = 250
National Saving (Snational) = 950
To determine if there is a budget surplus or deficit, we compare public saving to zero. If Spublic is positive, there is a budget surplus. If Spublic is negative, there is a budget deficit.
In this case, Spublic is 250, which is positive. Therefore, the correct option is:
b. Public Saving = 250, Private saving = 700, and National saving = 950. There is a budget surplus.
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_______________ happens when global firms "think globally, and
act locally."
Group of answer choices
A) Market penetration
B) International merging
C) Horizontal integration
D) Glocalization
The term that describes the concept of global firms thinking globally and acting locally is "glocalization."
The answer is D) Glocalization. Glocalization refers to the strategy adopted by global firms where they think globally in terms of their overall business approach and goals, but also adapt and tailor their products, services, and marketing strategies to suit the local preferences and needs of specific markets. It is a combination of the words "globalization" and "localization," reflecting the dual focus of global firms.
Glocalization recognizes that while there are global trends and standardized practices, there are also unique cultural, social, and economic factors that vary from one market to another. By embracing glocalization, global firms can effectively address local consumer demands, preferences, and cultural nuances, while still maintaining a cohesive global brand identity and presence.
This approach involves conducting market research, understanding local consumer behavior, adapting products or services to local tastes, customizing marketing campaigns, and building relationships with local stakeholders. By thinking globally and acting locally, global firms can achieve better market penetration, increase customer satisfaction, and gain a competitive advantage in diverse markets around the world.
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Which of the following statements about leverage is most accurate? A. An increase in fixed costs (holding sales and variable costs constant) will reduce the company's degree of operating leverage. B. A decrease in interest expense will increase the company's degree of total leverage. C. If the company has no debt outstanding, then its degree of total leverage equals its degree of operating leverage. D. An increase in fixed costs will reduce the company's degree of financial leverage.
The most accurate statement about leverage among the options provided is:
D. An increase in fixed costs will reduce the company's degree of financial leverage.
Leverage refers to the use of fixed costs or debt to amplify the potential returns or losses of an investment or business. The degree of leverage measures the sensitivity of a company's earnings or profitability to changes in sales or revenues.
In the case of financial leverage, it refers specifically to the use of debt to finance a company's operations. When a company has higher fixed costs, such as interest expense from debt, it increases the financial risk and reduces the degree of financial leverage. This is because a higher proportion of the company's earnings will be allocated to servicing the debt, reducing the amount available for shareholders.
On the other hand, the degree of operating leverage (option A) measures the impact of fixed costs on the company's operating income, and it is not affected by interest expense. Option B is incorrect because a decrease in interest expense would reduce financial leverage, not increase it. Option C is also incorrect as the degree of total leverage is a combination of operating leverage and financial leverage, and without debt, the financial leverage component would be zero.
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Stevenson Industries has compiled the following information for analysis.
May June
Number of Units 5,000 10,000
Variable costs $13,000 ??
Fixed costs $24,000 ??
Mixed costs $18,000 ??
Total costs $55,000 $73,000
Assuming that these activity levels are within the relevant range, the mixed costs for June were?
The mixed costs for June were $31,000, according to the provided information.
To determine the mixed costs for June, we need to calculate the difference in total costs between May and June and subtract the known variable and fixed costs for May. Total costs for May are given as $55,000, with variable costs of $13,000 and fixed costs of $24,000. Therefore, the mixed costs for May can be calculated by subtracting the known variable and fixed costs from the total costs: $55,000 - $13,000 - $24,000 = $18,000. To find the mixed costs for June, we use the same formula, but substitute the total costs and known variable and fixed costs for June: $73,000 - $13,000 - $24,000 = $36,000.
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Considering employment and production, which two of the following industries are typically more affected by recession? 1. Capital goods 2. Consumer durable goods 3. Consumer non-durable gods. 4. Services 1 and 2 1 and 3. 2 and 3 3 and 4
The two industries that are typically more affected by a recession in terms of employment and production are:
Capital goods
Consumer durable goods
During an economic recession, both consumer spending and business investment tend to decline. This leads to reduced demand for capital goods, which are long-lasting goods used in the production of other goods and services, such as machinery, equipment, and infrastructure. As businesses cut back on their investments, the production and employment levels in the capital goods industry are often negatively impacted.
Similarly, consumer durable goods, which are products that have a longer lifespan and are not consumed quickly, such as automobiles, appliances, and furniture, are also affected during a recession. Consumers tend to postpone or reduce their purchases of durable goods during economic downturns, causing a decrease in production and employment in this industry.
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Which of the below have a 5th Amendment right against self incrimination LLC Corporation Publicly Traded Corporation sole proprietorship Moving to another question will save this response. a e
Of the options provided, sole proprietorship does not have a 5th Amendment right against self-incrimination.
The 5th Amendment of the United States Constitution protects individuals from being compelled to incriminate themselves in a criminal case. However, this protection generally applies to individuals and not to corporate entities.
LLC (Limited Liability Company) and publicly traded corporations, as legal entities, do not possess personal rights, including the right against self-incrimination. Instead, these entities are subject to legal obligations and may be required to provide information or cooperate in investigations.
It's important to note that individuals associated with these entities, such as members or employees, still retain their personal 5th Amendment rights against self-incrimination. However, the entity itself does not possess such a right.
Please be aware that legal matters can be complex, and it's always advisable to consult with a qualified attorney or legal expert for specific advice related to your situation.
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Sage Hill Corporation has the following cost records for June 2022. Indirect factory labor $5,100 Factory utilities Direct materials used 22,000 Work in process, 6/1/22 3,300 Work In process, 6/30/22 4,200 Finished goods, 6/1/22 5,500 Finished goods, 6/30/22 8,250 Depreciation, factory equipment Direct labor Maintenance, factory equipment Indirect materials used. Factory manager's salary $450 1,550 44,000 2,000 2,550 3,300 Prepare an income statement through gross profit for June 2022 assuming sales revenue is $100,700. SAGE HILL CORPORATION Income Statement (Partial) $ -712.5 III
The gross profit for Sage Hill Corporation for June 2022 is $23,850.
How to solve for the Gross profitDirect Materials = $22,000
Direct Labor = $44,000
1. So, Total Manufacturing Costs = Direct Materials + Direct Labor + Manufacturing Overhead
= $22,000 + $44,000 + $14,500
= $80,500
2. Cost of Goods Manufactured
= Total Manufacturing Costs + WIP (Beginning) - WIP (Ending)
= $80,500 + $3,300 - $4,200
= $79,600
Cost of Goods Manufactured + Finished Goods (Beginning) - Finished Goods (Ending)
= $79,600 + $5,500 - $8,250
= $76,850
Gross Profit: Sales Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold
= $100,700 - $76,850
= $23,850
So, the gross profit for Sage Hill Corporation for June 2022 is $23,850.
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The Income Statement for Sage Hill Corporation for June 2022 is $65,500.
Sales revenue $100,700 Cost of goods sold:
Direct materials used $22,000
Direct labor $1,550
Indirect factory labor $5,100
Factory utilities $2,000
Maintenance, factory equipment $3,300
Depreciation, factory equipment $712.5
Indirect materials used $2,550
Total cost of goods sold $37,712.5
Gross profit $63,987.5
Cost of goods sold is the total cost incurred in making or purchasing a product for sale. It includes the cost of direct materials, direct labor, and overheads. Using this data, we can prepare the Income Statement for the company.
Sales revenue is given as $100,700. This is the revenue generated by the company by selling its products. The cost of goods sold can be calculated as follows:
Cost of goods sold = Direct materials used + Direct labor + Indirect factory labor + Factory utilities + Maintenance, factory equipment + Depreciation, factory equipment + Indirect materials used
Cost of goods sold = $22,000 + $1,550 + $5,100 + $2,000 + $3,300 + $712.5 + $2,550 = $37,712.5
Gross profit can be calculated by subtracting cost of goods sold from sales revenue.
Gross profit = Sales revenue - Cost of goods sold Gross profit
= $100,700 - $37,712.5 = $65,500
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Alpha College E-learning According to the fundamental attribution error:
O a the likelihood of making an error attributing the behaviour of another person increases with your familiarity of that other person.
O b. we tend to discount or ignore the external causes of another person's behaviour.
OC we tend to believe that colleagues perform their jobs better than we perform our job.
Od, we tend to believe that other people have the same beliefs and behaviours that we have.
O e people seldom make attributions about their own behaviour.
According to expectancy theory, linking valued rewards to higher job performance mainly increases motivation by of My Courses Question 18 Not yet answered 19 Not jet red Metges
E-learning is a type of learning where students use computers, tablets, smartphones, or other electronic devices to access digital content.
It can be synchronous or asynchronous and takes place in various settings, including classrooms, homes, and workplaces.AttributionAccording to the fundamental attribution error, we tend to discount or ignore the external causes of another person's behavior. It is the tendency to overestimate dispositional influences and underestimate situational factors when we try to explain other people's actions.
The error arises due to the way we interpret and recall information about the behavior of others.In 200 words:Alpha College is a virtual learning institution that offers e-learning opportunities to students. The fundamental attribution error occurs when individuals tend to attribute other people's behaviors to their internal dispositions rather than external factors.
They assume that the actions of others are a result of their personality traits rather than environmental influences. The error is common in situations where people interact with each other in social settings. For example, it may happen in a classroom setting, where students may assume that their peers are behaving in a certain way due to their character, when, in reality, it could be due to environmental factors.Expectancy theory suggests that linking valued rewards to higher job performance primarily increases motivation by raising the expectations of individuals.
When workers expect to be rewarded for their performance, they are likely to work harder to achieve the rewards. If rewards are linked to job performance, employees are likely to work harder to achieve the goals set for them. Thus, expectancy theory can be used to increase motivation in the workplace, and employers can link job performance to valued rewards such as promotions or bonuses. This way, employees are likely to work harder to achieve the rewards and improve their performance levels.
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The following information applies to the questions displayed below) Steve and Stephanie Pratt purchased a home in Spokane, Washington, for $525.000. They moved into the home on February 1 of year 1. They lived in the home as their primary residence until June 30 of year 5. when they sold the home for $780,000. (Leave no answer blank. Enter zero if applicable.) e. What amount of gain on the sale of the home are the Pratts required to include in taxable income? Red Required information The following information applies to the questions displayed below) Steve and Stephanie Pratt purchased a home in Spokane, Washington, for $525,000. They moved into the home on February 1 of year 1: They lived in the home as their primary residence until June 30 of year 5, when they sold the home for $780000 (Leave no answer blank. Enter zero if applicable.) b. Assume the original facts, except that Steve and Stephanie live in the home until January 1 of year 3, when they purchase a new home and rent out the original home. They finally sell the original home on June 30 of year 5 for $780,000. Ignoring any issues relating to depreciation taken on the home while it is being rented, what amount of realized gain on the sale of the home are the Prants Tequired to include in taxable income? Required information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below) Steve and Stephanie Pratt purchased a home in Spokane, Washington, for $525,000 They moved into the home on February 1 of year 1 They lived in the home as their primary residence until June 30 of year 5 when they sold the home for $780.000 (Leave no answer blank. Enter zero if applicable) c. Assume the same facts as in part (b), except that the Pratts live in the home until January of year 4 when they purchase a new home and rent out the first home. What amount of realized gain on the sale of the home will the Pratts include in taxable income if they sell the first home on June 30 of year 5 for $780,000? Recognized grain Required information (The following information applies to the questions displayed below Steve and Stephanie Pratt purchased a home in Spokane, Washington, for $525,000. They moved into the home of February 1 of year 1. They lived in the home as their primary residence until June 30 of year 5 when they sold the home for $780,000 (Leave no answer blank. Enter zero if applicable) d. Assume the orginal facts, except that Stephanie moves in with Steve on March 1 of year 3 and the couple is married on March of year 4 Understate law, the couple jointly owns Steve's home beginning on the date they are married on December 1 of year 3. Stephanie sells her home that she lived in before she moved in with Steve. She excludes the entire $5000 gain on the sale on her individual year 3 tax return. What amount of gain must the couple recognize on the sale in June of year 5? Recebed gain
a. The amount of gain on the sale of the home the Pratts are required to include in taxable income is $180,000 ($780,000 - $525,000). The correct answer is a. $180,000 b) $180,000 c) $130,000 d) $185,000
b. In this scenario, the couple lived in the house until January 1 of year 3. They bought a new home and rented out the original one until June 30 of year 5 when they sold it for $780,000. Ignoring depreciation, the amount of realized gain on the sale of the home that the Pratts will include in taxable income is $180,000.
c. In this case, Steve and Stephanie live in the home until January of year 4. They purchase a new home and rent out the first home until they finally sell it on June 30 of year 5 for $780,000. The amount of realized gain on the sale of the home that the Pratts will include in taxable income is $130,000.
d. Stephanie sold the home that she lived in before she moved in with Steve and excluded the entire $5000 gain on her individual year 3 tax return. Therefore, the couple must recognize $185,000 ($180,000 + $5,000) as a gain on the sale in June of year 5.ResidenceThe term residence refers to a place where people reside or dwell. The residence includes houses, apartments, or other places where people live, whether they own or rent. A residence may be the taxpayer’s principal residence for purposes of determining the exclusion of gain from the sale of a home.
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perform online research and choose a career in the financial services industry. determine the education you will need to prepare for this career.
To pursue a career in the financial services industry, you will typically need a bachelor's degree in finance, accounting, economics, or a related field, and certifications such as CFA, CFP, or CPA can provide additional advantages.
To pursue a career in the financial services industry, you will need a relevant educational background and qualifications. Acquiring a bachelor's degree in finance, accounting, economics, or a related field is a common requirement for entry-level positions. Additionally, obtaining certifications such as the Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA), Certified Financial Planner (CFP), or Certified Public Accountant (CPA) can greatly enhance your career prospects in the financial services industry. Continuous learning and staying updated with industry trends and regulations will also be crucial for long-term success.
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Points: 1 Identify the incorrect statement. ✓
a. The volatility of a portfolio's returns is influenced by the correlation of returns between the assets it holds.
B The volatility of a portfolio's returns is influenced by the weighting of each asset in the portfolio.
C The volatility of a portfolio's returns is influenced by the volatility of the individual assets it holds.
D The volatility of a portfolio's returns is influenced by the investor's risk return profile.
The incorrect statement is D) The volatility of a portfolio's returns is influenced by the investor's risk return profile.
Volatility of a portfolio's returns is primarily influenced by three factors. First, the correlation of returns between the assets held in the portfolio affects its volatility (option A). When assets have high positive correlation, their returns tend to move together, increasing the portfolio's volatility. Second, the weighting of each asset in the portfolio plays a crucial role (option B). Higher weights on assets with higher volatility contribute to increased portfolio volatility. Lastly, the volatility of the individual assets held in the portfolio impacts its overall volatility (option C). Assets with higher volatility will contribute more to the portfolio's volatility. The investor's risk-return profile, while important for portfolio construction, does not directly affect the volatility of the portfolio's returns.
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Initial Share Price: $100
Shares Sold Short: 100 shares
Initial Margin: 50%
Maintenance Margin: 30%
Share price drops to $70
What is Ending equity? Profit(loss)? Ending Margin? Rate of Return?
The rate of return is 60%.
in a real-world scenario, short selling involves risks, and this calculation is simplified for illustrative purposes.
It's important to consider other factors such as transaction costs, interest on borrowed shares, and market fluctuations when analyzing the performance of a short position.
To calculate the ending equity, profit/loss, ending MARGIN, and rate of return, we need to consider the initial share price, shares sold short, initial margin, maintenance margin, and the share price drop.
Given:Initial Share Price: $100
Shares Sold Short: 100 sharesInitial Margin: 50%
Maintenance Margin: 30%Share Price Drop: $70
1. Ending Equity:
Ending Equity = Initial Equity + Profit/LossInitial Equity = Initial Share Price * Shares Sold Short * Initial Margin
Profit/Loss = (Initial Share Price - Share Price Drop) * Shares Sold Short
Initial Equity = $100 * 100 * 0.50 = $5,000Profit/Loss = ($100 - $70) * 100 = $3,000
Ending Equity = $5,000 + $3,000 = $8,000
2. Profit/Loss:
Profit/Loss = (Initial Share Price - Share Price Drop) * Shares Sold ShortProfit/Loss = ($100 - $70) * 100 = $3,000
The profit/loss is $3,000.
3. Ending Margin:
Ending Margin = (Ending Equity / Market Value) * 100Market Value = Share Price Drop * Shares Sold Short
Market Value = $70 * 100 = $7,000
Ending Margin = ($8,000 / $7,000) * 100 = 114.29%
The ending margin is approximately 114.29%.
4. Rate of Return:Rate of Return = (Profit/Loss / Initial Equity) * 100
Rate of Return = ($3,000 / $5,000) * 100 = 60%
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In 2013 and 2014, a federal judge ruled that Apple colluded with five major U.S. publishers to drive up the prices of e-books (which could be read on Apple’s iPad). Apple collects a 30% commission on the price of a book from the publisher. Why would Apple want to help publishers raise their price? Given Apple’s commission, what price would a book cartel want to set? (Hint: The marginal cost of an e-book is virtually zero.)
In 2013 and 2014, a federal judge ruled that Apple colluded with five major U.S. publishers to increase the prices of e-books that could be read on Apple's iPad.
Apple, which collects a 30% commission on the price of a book from the publisher, helped publishers to increase their prices. It may seem strange for Apple to collude with publishers to increase the price of e-books, but it is easy to see why Apple did it. Apple realized that by helping publishers to increase the price of e-books, it would benefit from higher profits from its commission. The price that a book cartel would want to set is the point at which the marginal cost of producing an e-book equals the marginal revenue obtained from selling the e-book.
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Scenario:
You are employed at an import company (Aerodynamic Inc.) negotiating a purchase for 4 FCL quantity of aircraft components with a prospective seller (L4C) in France. You are still considering the terms under which you would like to purchase and so have requested some options from the seller (supplier)
L4C Challenge Marseille Ever Glory Port of CP Rail CP Intermodal Manitoulin Aerodynamic Inc.
Exports Trucking Port Halifax Vaughan Transport Mississauga, Ontario
Toulouse France Canada
France
Shipping Details/Routing:
The goods (aircraft components) would be loaded into 4 full containers at L4C Exports warehouse in Toulouse and would be picked up by Challenge Trucking and delivered to the port terminal of Marseille.
From there, the containers would clear export customs and be loaded on the ship Ever Glory for ocean voyage to the Port of Halifax.
From the Port of Halifax, the goods would go by rail to CP Intermodal Terminal where they would clear import customs.
Once cleared, Manitoulin Transport would pick up from there and deliver the containers to Aerodynamics Inc. in Mississauga, Ontario.
As part of the negotiation process, you are considering different options and need to identify the most suitable incoterm, location and associated purchase price (breakdown of charges below) under each of the given circumstances outlined. Given the nature of the cargo and mode of transportation it is not recommended that goods be shipped uninsured.
Seller’s Cost List: $ CAD
Product (air components) 88,000.00 per FCL
Trucking to Port of Marseille 700.00 per FCL
Loading on Ship in Marseille 465.00 per FCL
Loading of Containers at L4C Exports 900.00 per FCL
Marine Insurance 575.00 per FCL
Import Clearance including Duties & Taxes 6500.00 per FCL
Trucking from CP Intermodal to Aerodynamics in Mississauga 690.00 per FCL
Unloading at Aerodynamics Imports in Mississauga 330.00 per FCL
Export Clearance 92.00 per FCL
Export Packaging 720.00 per FCL
Rail from Halifax to CP Intermodal (including unloading) 900.00 per FCL
Ocean Freight 5900.00 per FCL
Unloading from Ship in Halifax 475.00 per FCL
You (buyer) want the goods delivered unloaded from the ship in Halifax. At that point you will take risk and make all arrangements for carriage and clearance from there.
Incoterm:
Location:
Price:
You (buyer) want the goods delivered to and unloaded at Vaughan Intermodal Terminal, where you will assume all costs and risk from there to Aerodynamic in Mississauga.
Incoterm:
Location:
Price:
You (buyer) have determined that the exporter doesn’t have great freight rates. You prefer to have the exporter make the goods available and cleared for export. You will take care of the rest.
Incoterm:
Location:
Price:
You (buyer) want the exporter to deliver the goods insured to Halifax Port but you will accept all risks as soon as they arrive at the terminal at the port of Marseille.
Incoterm:
Location:
Price:
You (buyer) want the exporter to deliver the goods to the Vaughan Intermodal warehouse. You will arrange for your own cargo insurance, and risk will be transferred when the goods are given to Challenge Trucking.
Incoterm:
Location:
Price:
You (buyer) want the exporter to load the goods onto the carrier Challenge Trucking. You will accept risk for the goods once they are in possession of Challenge Trucking and you will make all the necessary arrangements to bring them to Aerodynamic Mississauga.
Incoterm:
Location:
Price:
You (buyer) want the goods delivered to Aerodynamic Mississauga, where you will assume risk for unloading them. The exporter will also account for goods to CBSA and pay for import duties and taxes.
Incoterm:
Location:
Price:
You (buyer) want the goods delivered to Aerodynamic in Mississauga, at that point you will assume risk for unloading them and you will handle all import clearance.
Incoterm:
Location:
Price:
The Incoterms, Location, and associated purchase price breakdown of charges are as follows:Incoterm: FCA (Free Carrier)Location: MarseillePrice:
Product (air components): $88,000.00 per FCLTrucking to Port of Marseille: $700.00 per FCL
Loading on Ship in Marseille: $465.00 per FCLLoading of Containers at L4C Exports: $900.00 per FCL
Export Packaging: $720.00 per FCLExport Clearance: $92.00 per FCLTotal cost: $91,877.00 per FCL
Incoterm: CFR (Cost and Freight)Location: Vaughan Intermodal TerminalPrice:Product (air components): $88,000.00 per FCLTrucking to Port of Marseille: $700.00 per FCL
Loading on Ship in Marseille: $465.00 per FCLLoading of Containers at L4C Exports: $900.00 per FCL
Marine Insurance: $575.00 per FCLExport Clearance: $92.00 per FCL
Export Packaging: $720.00 per FCLRail from Halifax to CP Intermodal (including unloading): $900.00 per FCLUnloading from Ship in Halifax: $475.00 per FCL
Total cost: $92,927.00 per FCLIncoterm: FAS (Free Alongside Ship)Location: MarseillePrice:Product (air components): $88,000.00 per FCL
Loading on Ship in Marseille: $465.00 per FCLLoading of Containers at L4C Exports: $900.00 per FCL
Marine Insurance: $575.00 per FCLImport Clearance including Duties & Taxes: $6,500.00 per FCL
Export Clearance: $92.00 per FCLExport Packaging: $720.00 per FCLTotal cost: $96,252.00 per FCL
Incoterm: CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight)Location: MarseillePrice:Product (air components): $88,000.00 per FCLTrucking to Port of Marseille: $700.00 per FCL
Loading on Ship in Marseille: $465.00 per FCLLoading of Containers at L4C Exports: $900.00 per FCL
Marine Insurance: $575.00 per FCLImport Clearance including Duties & Taxes: $6,500.00 per FCL
Export Clearance: $92.00 per FCLExport Packaging: $720.00 per FCLTotal cost: $97,952.00 per FCL
Incoterm: Ex WorksLocation: L4C Exports warehouse in ToulousePrice:Product (air components): $88,000.00 per FCLLoading of Containers at L4C Exports: $900.00 per FCL
Export Packaging: $720.00 per FCLExport Clearance: $92.00 per FCLTotal cost: $89,712.00 per FCLIncoterm: FOB (Free on Board)Location: MarseillePrice:Product (air components): $88,000.00 per FCLLoading on Ship in Marseille: $465.00 per FCLLoading of Containers at L4C Exports: $900.00 per FCL
Export Packaging: $720.00 per FCLExport Clearance: $92.00 per FCLTotal cost: $89,177.00 per FCLIncoterm: DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)Location: Aerodynamic Inc. in Mississauga
Price:Product (air components): $88,000.00 per FCLTrucking to Port of Marseille: $700.00 per FCLLoading on Ship in Marseille: $465.00 per FCLLoading of Containers at L4C Exports: $900.00 per FCLMarine Insurance: $575.00 per FCLImport Clearance including Duties & Taxes: $6,500.00 per FCLTrucking from CP Intermodal to Aerodynamics in Mississauga: $690.00 per FCLUnloading at Aerodynamics Imports in Mississauga: $330.00 per FCLExport Clearance: $92.00 per FCLExport Packaging: $720.00 per FCLRail from Halifax to CP Intermodal (including unloading): $900.00 per FCLUnloading from Ship in Halifax: $475.00 per FCLTotal cost: $100,447.00 per FCLIncoterm: DAP (Delivered at Place)Location: Aerodynamic Inc. in MississaugaPrice:Product (air components): $88,000.00 per FCLTrucking to Port of Marseille: $700.00 per FCLLoading on Ship in Marseille: $465.00 per FCLLoading of Containers at L4C Exports: $900.00 per FCLMarine Insurance: $575.00 per FCLImport Clearance including Duties & Taxes: $6,500.00 per FCLExport Clearance: $92.00 per FCLExport Packaging: $720.00 per FCLRail from Halifax to CP Intermodal (including unloading): $900.00 per FCLUnloading from Ship in Halifax: $475.00 per FCLTotal cost: $98,427.00 per FCL
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In a small town in Florida, a supplement sold for $2.00 a bottle in May. In total, 2000 bottles were sold. In June, nothing else changed but the price of the supplement, which was increased to $2.20. A total of 1900 bottles were sold. What is the arc of elasticity of demand?
The demand elasticity arc is 1.053. The arc of elasticity of demand is the ratio of the percentage change in the quantity demanded to the percentage change in the price.
We can apply the formula given below to determine the arc of elasticity of demand:
Arc of Elasticity of Demand = [(Q1 - Q2) / ((Q1 + Q2) / 2)] / [(P1 - P2) / ((P1 + P2) / 2)]
Where Q1 and P1 are the initial quantity demanded and price respectively, and Q2 and P2 are the new quantity demanded and price respectively.
Let’s plug in the given values to calculate the arc of elasticity of demand:
Initial price, P1 = $2.00
New price, P2 = $2.20
Initial quantity demanded, Q1 = 2000
New quantity demanded, Q2 = 1900
Putting the values in the formula:
Arc of Elasticity of Demand = [(Q1 - Q2) / ((Q1 + Q2) / 2)] / [(P1 - P2) / ((P1 + P2) / 2)]
Arc of Elasticity of Demand = [(2000 - 1900) / ((2000 + 1900) / 2)] / [($2.00 - $2.20) / (($2.00 + $2.20) / 2)]
Arc of Elasticity of Demand = [100 / 1950] / [-$0.20 / $2.10]
Arc of Elasticity of Demand = -0.1 / -0.0952
Arc of Elasticity of Demand = 1.053
Therefore, the arc of elasticity of demand is 1.053.
The concept of elasticity of demand is used to measure the extent to which quantity demanded changes with a change in price. A product is considered elastic if a small change in price causes a large change in quantity demanded. A product is considered inelastic if a large change in price causes a small change in quantity demanded. If the elasticity of demand is equal to 1, then the percentage change in quantity demanded is equal to the percentage change in price. This is the situation in this case.
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