Answer:
Decane> 2-octanone> acetaldehyde> acetic acid> 1-butanol
Explanation:
One of the most important factors that affect the retention factor (Rf) in chromatography is the polarity of the mobile phase.
We have to recall that effective separation in chromatography depends on the movement of the mobile phase over a stationary phase.
The more polar the mobile phase, the more it interacts with the solute and the more the distance it travels from the baseline. Thus high solvent polarity leads to higher Rf value.
Therefore, the order of increasing Rf values for the solvents in the question is; Decane> 2-octanone> acetaldehyde> acetic acid> 1-butanol
Which of the following is an example of a nonrenewable resource?
a
cattle
b
uranium
c
cotton
d
trees
Answer:
b . uranium, It is not a renewable resource.
A student is adding DI water to a volumetric flask to make a 50% solution. Unfortunately, he was not paying attention and filled the flask past the calibration mark. Instead of starting over, the student decides to continue with the experiment. How will the student's results be affected by his mistakes
Answer:
His results will be skewed because there was more water than stock solution. Which would cause the percentage solution to be less than 50% therefore the density would be less than the actual value.
Explanation:
The solution will have percentage less than that of 50%. Therefore the density would be less than the actual value.
Suppose there should be 50 mL of the solution, and he added 60 mL. So 10 mL of the solution is added more.
Suppose the mass of the solute is m.
Originally, the density is = [tex]$\frac{m}{50}$[/tex] [tex]\left(\frac{\text{mass}}{\text{volume}}\right)[/tex]
Now after adding extra 10 mL , the density becomes [tex]$\frac{m}{60}$[/tex].
Therefore, [tex]$\frac{m}{50}>\frac{m}{60}$[/tex]
So the density decreases when we add more solution.
A TLC plate showed 2 spots with Rf values of 0.25 and 0.26. The plate was removed from the developing chamber, the residual solvent was allowed to evaporate from the plate, and then the plate was returned to the developing chamber. What would you expect to see after the second development was complete
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
TLC is a chromatographic method in which the solute is spotted on a plate and the plate is placed in an air tight chamber containing a solvent. The solvent is maintained below the level of the spot. The capillary movement of the solvent through the plate achieves the required separation.
If two spots have Rf values of 0.25 and 0.26 respectively and then the plate was removed from the developing chamber, subsequently, the residual solvent was allowed to evaporate from the plate, and then the plate was returned to the developing chamber.
It will be observed after the second development is complete that the new Rf values will be 0.50 and 0.52 respectively. It will just be as though the second chromatogram picked up from where the first chromatogram stopped.
Diazomethane has the molecular formula CH2N2. Draw the preferred Lewis structure for diazomethane and assign formal charges to all atoms, if any.
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
We define the formal charge on an atom in a molecule as the charge it carries assuming that electrons in all chemical bonds of the molecule were shared equally between atoms irrespective of the electronegativity of each atom.
The formula for calculating the formal charge on an atom in a molecule is;
Formal Charge = [number of valence electrons on neutral atom] – [(number of lone electron pairs) + (½ number of bonding electrons)] ·
The formal charge on the two nitrogen atoms in diazomethane is obtained as follows;
Middle nitrogen atom = 5 – 8/2 – 0 = +1
Last nitrogen atom = 5 – 4/2 – 4 = –1
The Lewis structure of the molecule is shown in the image attached.
Which of the following is true for a nuclear reaction? (5 points)
Select one:
a.Electrons are lost.
b.Electrons are gained.
c.The identity of element changes.
d.The identity of element remains same.
the identity of element remains same
which of group of organism has the least biomass?which has the least energy
Answer:
The answer is consumers
Answer:
Consumers are the group of organisms that has the least biomass and energy.
Stomach acid is approximately 0.10 M HCl. How many mL of stomach acid can be neutralized by one regular antacid tablet that contains 500 mg of solid CaCO3 (100.09 g/mol)?
Answer:
100 mL
Explanation:
The reaction that takes place is:
CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂First we convert 500 mg of CaCO₃ into mmoles, using its molar mass:
500 mg ÷ 100 mg/mmol = 5 mmol CaCO₃Then we convert 5 mmoles of CaCO₃ into HCl mmoles, using the stoichiometric coefficients of the balanced reaction:
5 mmol CaCO₃ * [tex]\frac{2mmolHCl}{1mmolCaCO_3}[/tex] = 10 mmol HClFinally we calculate the volume of a 0.10 M HCl solution (such as stomach acid) that would contain 10 mmoles:
10 mmol / 0.10 M = 100 mLWhat mass of hydrochloric acid that reacted with zinc will produced 0.15dm3 of hydrogen at st.p? Equation for this reaction:
Zn + 2HCl ------> ZnCl2 + H2
Answer:
[tex]{ \tt{22.4 \: dm {}^{3} \: contains \: 1 \: mole \: of \: hydrogen }} \\ { \tt{0.15 \: {dm}^{3} \: will \: contain \: ( \frac{0.15}{22.4} \times 1) \: moles }} \\ = 0.0067 \: moles \\ { \bf{mole \: ratio = 1 :1 }} \\ { \tt{1 \: mole \: weighs \: 65.38 \: g}} \\ { \tt{0.0067 \: moles \: weighs \: (0.0067 \times 65.38) \: g}} \\ = 0.44 \: g[/tex]
Which of the following colors has the highest energy? O A. Red O B. Green O C. Blue O D. Yellow
Answer:
C. BlueExplanation:
This is because, Blue color highest frequency of energy after Violet and Indigo.
Taxol is a potent chemotherapeutic agent (isolated from the Pacific Yew tree) which is especially effective against ovarian cancer. Which functional groups is not contained in taxol?
Answer:
Amine
Explanation:
The functional groups contained in Taxol are :
Ketone , Ester, Amide and Alcohol
while the functional group that is not contained in the Taxol is Amine
Taxol is a very potent anti-cancer chemotherapeutic, and it is also groped into a class called Taxanes and this makes it effective in the treatment of breast and ovarian cancer.
I am holding a balloon containing 439 mL of gas over my fireplace. The temperature and pressure of the gas inside the balloon is 317.15 K and 0.959 atm, respectively. Suppose I don't want the pressure to change, but I want to the volume to go down to 0.378 L. What is the temperature that I need to reach when I cool down the balloon?
To what temperature (in Celsius) must the balloon be cooled to reduce its volume to 0.378 L if the pressure doesn't change (remained constant)?
Answer:
-0.08 °C
Explanation:
We can solve this problem by using Charles' law, which states that at constant pressure:
V₁T₂ = V₂T₁Where in this case:
V₁ = 439 mLT₂ = ?V₂ = 0.378 L ⇒ 0.378 * 1000 = 378 mLT₁ = 317.15 KWe input the data:
439 mL * T₂ = 378 mL * 317.15 KAnd solve for T₂:
T₂ = 273.08 KFinally we convert 273.08 K to Celsius:
273.08 K - 273.16 = -0.08 °CA recipe calls for 1/4 cup of butter. One ounce (oz) of butter is equivalent to 2 tablespoons (T), and there are 8 oz of butter in 1 cup. Which of the following statements correctly interpret the information provided?
a. The information provided gives the conversion factor 8oz/2T.
b. The information provided gives the conversion factor 8oz/1 cup.
c. The recipe requires 64 T of butter.
d. The recipe requires 4T of butter.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
8oz=1cup
Xoz=1/4cup
cross multiply
Xoz=8×1/4=2
2oz=1/4cup
1oz=2T
2oz=x
cross multiply
×=2×2=4T
The cup of butter, number of tablespoons and ounces of butter are all in direct proportion with one another. The interpretation of the information provided is:
(b). The information provided gives the conversion factor 8oz/1 cup.
Given that:
[tex]1\ recipe = \frac{1}{4}\ cup[/tex]
[tex]1\ oz = 2T[/tex]
[tex]8\ oz = 1\ cup[/tex]
Multiply both sides of [tex]1\ oz = 2T[/tex] by 8
[tex]8 \times 1oz = 8 \times 2T[/tex]
[tex]8 oz = 16T[/tex]
Substitute 8oz for 1 cup in: [tex]1\ recipe = \frac{1}{4}\ cup[/tex]
[tex]1\ recipe = \frac{1}{4} \times 8oz[/tex]
Substitute [tex]8 oz = 16T[/tex]
[tex]1\ recipe = \frac{1}{4} \times 16T[/tex]
[tex]1\ recipe = 4T[/tex]
The interpretations are as follows:
[tex]1\ recipe = 4T[/tex] means that 1 recipe requires 4T of butter [tex]8\ oz = 1\ cup[/tex] means that the information provided gives a conversion of 8oz/1 cupHence, (b) is correct
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Select the statement(s) that describe the characteristics of transition metals. a. Transition metals have partially filled d subshells. b. Transition metals give rise to cations that have completely filled d subshells. c. Group 2B elements are not transition metals because they neither have nor readily acquire partially filled d orbitals.
Answer: The correct option is A,
--> a.) Transition metals have partially filled d subshells.
Explanation:
Transition elements are all metals of economic importance. They are found in the d- lock of the periodic table between group 2 and 3. They occupy three rows, with ten elements in each row. The term 'transition metals' refers only to an element which has PARTIALLY filled d orbitals. Typical example of transition metals include iron (Fe).
They have partially filled 3d orbitals which are responsible for the special properties of the metals. These include:
--> Physical properties: the transition metals have high boiling and melting points. They are hard, dense and lustrous. They are also good conductors of heat and electricity.
--> Chemical reactivity: In the s- block and p-block, the chemical properties of the elements in the same period vary, often quite markedly, from left to right. This does not happen with the transition metals because electrons are added progressively to the inner d-orbitals.
--> Variable oxidation states: they have variable oxidation states because 3d electrons are available for bond formation.
Classify each structure according to its functional class.
Compound A contains a carbonyl bonded to two alkyl groups.
Compound B contains an oxygen bonded to two alkyl groups.
Compound C contains a carbonyl bonded to propyl and N H C H 3.
Compound D is a nitrogen bonded to three alkyl groups.
Classify structure A according to its functional class.
Classify structure B according to its functional class.
Classify structure C according to its functional class.
Classify structure D according to its functional class.
Answer:
Classify each structure according to its functional class.
Compound A contains a carbonyl bonded to two alkyl groups.
Compound B contains an oxygen bonded to two alkyl groups.
Compound C contains a carbonyl bonded to propyl and N H C H 3.
Compound D is a nitrogen bonded to three alkyl groups.
Explanation:
Compound A contains a carbonyl bonded to two alkyl groups.
-C=O group is called a carbonyl group.
If it is present between two alkyl groups then, it is a ketone.
Compound B contains oxygen bonded to two alkyl groups.
Compound B is an example of an ether molecule.
Compound C contains a carbonyl bonded to propyl and N H C H 3.
Compound C is C3H7-CO-NHCH3 which is an amide molecule.
Compound D is nitrogen bonded to three alkyl groups.
This is an example of a tertiary amine group.
complete and balanced the following equations by predicting the products of each reaction pair.
NA + LiCI -> _ + _
Explanation:
this is a single Replacement Reaction, so Na and Cl will form a bond.
convert 12nanometer to centimeter
Answer:
1x10^-6
Explanation:
Which type of chemistry studies the chemical reactions that occur in the human body?
O biochemistry
O materials chemistry
O physical chemistry
O environmental chemistry
Answer:
Which type of chemistry studies the chemical reactions that occur in the human body? .
biochemistry
The correct answer is biochemistry.
What is Biochemistry?Biochemistry is the study of the chemical process that occur in living things.Why other Options are incorrect?Materials Chemistry is the section of Materials Science and Engineering that investigates the chemical nature of materials.Physical chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with physical structure of chemical compound. Environmental chemistry is the study of chemical process that deals with environment.
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Which of these increases the friction of someone walking on the floor?
Answer:
.This is because gravity pulls down harder on the heavier one, which increases its friction with the floor
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g The most stable nucleon in terms of binding energy per nucleon is 56Fe. If the atomic mass of Fe-56 is 55.9349 amu, calculate the binding energy in J/nucleon and in Mev/nucleon for Fe-56. The atomic mass of a proton is 1.00782 amu and the atomic mass of a neutron is 1.00866 amu. Would the binding energy per nucleon for U-235 be larger or smaller than that of Fe-56
Answer:
The binding energy per nucleon of U-235 is lesser than that Fe-56
Explanation:
The binding energy refers to the energy required to hold the nucleons together in the nucleus of an atom.
It also corresponds to the energy that must be supplied in order to disintegrate the nucleus of an atom.
The binding energy per nucleon of elements depends on the number of nucleons present in the nucleus of the atom of that element. It is defined as the binding energy of the nucleus divided by the number of nucleons.
U-235 contains more nucleons than Fe-56, the binding energy per nucleon of U-235 is less than that of Fe-56. This is further confirmed by the fact that the greater the number of protons in the nucleus, the greater the coulumbic repulsion in the nucleus and the lesser the nuclear force of attraction between nucleons.
Write any two drawbacks of the octet theory.
Answer:
Octet rule fails to explain the following:
(1) The stability of incomplete octet molecules, i.e., the molecules with the central atom containing less than eight electrons. (2) The stability of expanded octet molecules, i.e., the molecules with the central atom containing more than eight electrons.
Jax designs an experiment to determine how the amount of sodium chloride affects the boiling point of water. He adds 1 g, 5 g, and 10 g of sodium chloride to three different beakers, each containing 100 mL of water. There is a fourth beaker that contains 100 mL water without any sodium chloride. He heats each of the samples on a Bunsen burner and measures the boiling point with the same thermometer. Which of the following is/are the control(s) in the experiment? (Choose all that apply)
Answer:
Amount of water
The thermometer
Explanation
In an experiment, there is always a dependent variable and an independent variable. The independent variable is manipulated and its effect on the dependent variable is observed.
The control is that factor in the experiment that must remain constant so that effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable can be observed.
In this case, the independent variable is the amount of sodium chloride while the dependent variable is the temperature at which the solution boils.
The controls must be the amount of water which must be held constant and the same thermometer used to measure the temperature so that the effect of the amount of sodium chloride on the temperature of the solution can be studied.
The following are the controls in the experiment:
The beaker with 100 mL of water without any sodium chloride.
The temperature of the Bunsen burner.
The type of thermometer used.
The control(s) in the experiment are the beaker with 100 mL of water without any sodium chloride. This beaker is used to compare the boiling points of the other beakers, which have different amounts of sodium chloride added.
The control beaker ensures that any differences in boiling point are due to the amount of sodium chloride added, and not to other factors, such as the temperature of the Bunsen burner or the type of thermometer used.
The other factors that could affect the boiling point of water, such as the humidity of the air or the altitude, are kept constant in the experiment.
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Give the balanced equation for the neutralisation of the excess NaOH with HCI.
1 NaCl + 1 HCl ➡️ 1 NaCl + Water (H2O) .
To determine the enthalpy and entropy of dissolving a compound, you need to measure the Ksp at multiple _______. Then, plot ln(Ksp) vs. ______. The slope of the plotted line relates to the _______ of dissolving and the intercept of the plotted line relates to the ______ of dissolving.
Answer:
To determine the enthalpy and entropy of dissolving a compound, you need to measure the Ksp at multiple temperatures. Then, plot ln(Ksp) vs. 1/T. The slope of the plotted line relates to the enthalpy (ΔH) of dissolving and the intercept of the plotted line relates to the entropy (ΔS) of dissolving.
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, according to the given information, it turns out possible for us use the thermodynamic definition of the Gibbs free energy and its relationship with Ksp as follows:
[tex]\Delta G=-RTln(Ksp)\\\\\Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S[/tex]
Thus, by combining them, we obtain:
[tex]-RTln(Ksp)=\Delta H-T\Delta S\\\\ln(Ksp)=-\frac{\Delta H}{RT} +\frac{T\Delta S}{RT} \\\\ln(Ksp)=-\frac{\Delta H}{RT} +\frac{\Delta S}{R}[/tex]
Which is related to the general line equation:
[tex]y=mx+b[/tex]
Whereas:
[tex]y=ln(Ksp)\\\\m=-\frac{\Delta H}{R} \\\\x=\frac{1}{T} \\\\b=\frac{\Delta S}{R}[/tex]
It means that we answer to the blanks as follows:
To determine the enthalpy and entropy of dissolving a compound, you need to measure the Ksp at multiple temperatures. Then, plot ln(Ksp) vs. 1/T. The slope of the plotted line relates to the enthalpy (ΔH) of dissolving and the intercept of the plotted line relates to the entropy (ΔS) of dissolving.
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After mixing the solutions in a separatory funnel, the stopper should be ______ and the liquid should be _______ and the layers allowed to separate. When you get close to the interface between the layers, ______ the funnel and turn over _______ heat up until the first layer is collected get eye level with to collect the second layer. _______
Answer:
Hence,
1) removed
2) drained through the stopcock
3) get eye level with
4) slow the draining
5) switch to a new flask
Explanation:
After mixing the solutions in a separatory funnel, the stopper should be removed and the liquid should be drained through the stopcock, and the layers allowed to separate. When you get close to the interface between the layers, get eye level with the funnel and turn over to slow the draining heat up until the first layer is collected. Switch to a new flask get eye level with it to collect the second layer.
According to the equation 2K(s) + CI2(g) 2kCI(s), potassium reacts with chlorine to form potassium chlorine. If 100 atoms of potassium react with chlorine gas, how many chlorine molecules will be needed to completely react?
Answer:
50 CI₂ molecules
Explanation:
2K(s) + CI₂(g) → 2KCI(s)By looking at the stoichiometric coefficients, we can tell that if 2 atoms of potassium (K) react with chlorine gas (CI₂), 1 chlorine molecule would react.
With that in mind we can calculate how many CI₂ molecules would react with 100 K atoms:
100 atoms K *[tex]\frac{1Cl_2Molecule}{2KAtom}[/tex] = 50 CI₂ moleculesWhat is the pH of a solution with a 7.8 × 10−13 M hydronium ion concentration?
A) 1.9
B) 2.8
C) 11
D) 12
Answer:
12Explanation:
The pH of a solution can be found by using the formula
[tex]pH = - log [ { H_3O}^{+}][/tex]
From the question we have
[tex]ph = - log(7.8 \times {10}^{ - 13} ) \\ = 12.1079...[/tex]
We have the final answer as
12Hope this helps you
The pH of this solution with a 7.8 × 10⁻¹³ M concentration of hydronium ion is equal to: D. 12.
Given the following data:
Concentration of hydronium ion = 7.8 × 10⁻¹³ M.
What is pH?pH is literally the power of hydrogen ions and it can be defined as a measure of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in a given solution.
How to calculate the pH of a solution?We would determine the pH of this solution by using this formula;
pH = -log[H⁺]
pH = -log(7.8 × 10⁻¹³).
pH = -(-12.1)
pH = 12.1 ≈ 12.
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When H2S(g) reacts with O2(g) to form H2O(g) and SO2(g), 124 kcal of energy are evolved for each mole of H2S(g) that reacts. Write a balanced equation for the reaction with an energy term in kcal as part of the equation.
Answer:
2H2S(g) + 3O2(g) → 2H2O(g) + 2SO2(g) + 248kcal
Explanation:
The reaction of the problem occurs as follows:
H2S(g) + O2(g) → H2O(g) + SO2(g)
To balance the reaction we must balance oxygens:
H2S(g) + 3O2(g) → 2H2O(g) + 2SO2(g)
To balance the complete reaction:
2H2S(g) + 3O2(g) → 2H2O(g) + 2SO2(g)
As the energy is evolved, 124kcal are as product in the reactio per mole of H2S. As the balanced reaction contains 2 moles of H2S, the heat evolved is:
124kcal*2 = 248kcal:
2H2S(g) + 3O2(g) → 2H2O(g) + 2SO2(g) + 248kcal
And this is the balanced equation
CAN SOMEONE PLEASE HELP ME I WILL MARK YOU AS BRAINLIEST
Explanation:
[tex]2H_2O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2[/tex]
First convert the amount of water into moles:
360 g H2O × [tex]\left(\dfrac{1\:\text{mol}H_2O}{18.015\:\text{g}H_2O}\right)[/tex]
[tex] = 20. \:\text{mol}H_2O[/tex]
Now let's calculate the number of moles of O2 gas produced.
20 mol H2O × [tex]\left(\dfrac{1\:\text{mol}O_2}{2\:\text{mol}H_2O}\right)=10\:\text{mol}O_2[/tex]
The volume of gas at 10°C and 5 atm can be found using the ideal gas law:
[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]
[tex]V= \dfrac{nRT}{P}[/tex]
[tex]= \dfrac{(10)(0.082)(283)}{(5)}=46.4\:L[/tex]
A 100.0-g sample of water at 27.0oC is poured into a 71.0-g sample of water at 89.0oC. What will be the final temperature of the water? (Specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/goC.)
Answer: The final temperature will be [tex]52.74^oC[/tex]
Explanation:
Calculating the heat released or absorbed for the process:
[tex]q=m\times C\times (T_2-T_1)[/tex]
In a system, the total amount of heat released is equal to the total amount of heat absorbed.
[tex]q_1=-q_2[/tex]
OR
[tex]m_1\times C\times (T_f-T_1)=-m_2\times C\times (T_f-T_2)[/tex] ......(1)
where,
C = heat capacity of water = [tex]4.184J/g^oC[/tex]
[tex]m_1[/tex] = mass of water of sample 1 = 100.0 g
[tex]m_2[/tex] = mass of water of sample 2 = 71.0 g
[tex]T_f[/tex] = final temperature of the system = ?
[tex]T_1[/tex] = initial temperature of water of sample 1 = [tex]27^oC[/tex]
[tex]T_2[/tex] = initial temperature of the water of sample 2 = [tex]89.0^oC[/tex]
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]100.0\times 4.184\times (T_f-27)=-71.0\times 4.184\times (T_f-89)\\\\171T_f=9019\\\\T_f=\frac{9019}{171}=52.74^oC[/tex]
Hence, the final temperature will be [tex]52.74^oC[/tex]
Sodium fluoroacetate (NaO₂C₂H₂F) is a common poison used in New Zealand to control invasive species, such as rats. It can be prepared by the substitution of a C-Cl bond in sodium chloroacetate (NaO₂C₂H₂Cl) for a C-F bond. What is the approximate enthalpy change for this substitution reaction on a 1.500 mole sample, based on the following bond energies?
C-Cl = 339.0 kJ/mol
C-F = 485.0 kJ/mol
Answer:
-219
Explanation:
1.5(339) - 1.5(485) = -219
The approximate enthalpy change for this substitution reaction is -219 kJ.
In the case of this substitution reaction, we need to find the enthalpy change when NaO₂C₂H₂Cl is converted to NaO₂C₂H₂F.
This reaction involves the breaking of the C-Cl bond and the formation of the C-F bond.
We have to subtract the bond energy of the C-F bond from that of the C-Cl bond and multiply by the number of moles involved.
So we will have;
ΔH= 1.500 mole [339.0 kJ/mol - 485.0 kJ/mol]
ΔH= -219 kJ
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