From the distances between genes and their order, it is possible to get recombination frequencies per region (simple and double recombination frequencies). The probability of obtaining a unc-32 vab-7 + offspring is 0.09 = 9%.
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We are usually asked to get the order of genes in a chromosome. To do so, we need to get the distances between genes. And to get distances between genes, we need to get their recombination frequency.
When three genes are involved, we get the distances by taking the recombination frequency, P, per region.
We talk about regions, R, when we are making reference to the space between two genes.
Gene 1 -----(R1)----- Gene 2 --------(R2)------ Gene 3
P1 P2
P1 = recombination frequency between Gene 1 and Gene 2P2 = recombination frequency between Gene 2 and Gene 3⇒ P1 = (SR + DR) / N
⇒ P2 = (SR + DR)/ N
Where:
SR is the number of simple recombinants in each region, DR is the number of double recombinants in each region, and N is the total number of individuals.The genetic distance will result from multiplying that frequency by 100 and expressing it in map units (MU). One centiMorgan (cM) equals one map unit (MU).
In the exposed problem, we need to do the inverse way. We already have the order and distances between genes, and we need to get the recombination frequency, P.
We know that the order of genes is as follows,
unc-32 ------------- vab-7----------------- dpy-17
Distances are:
Region 1 = 10 MURegion 2 = 20 MUWe need to get the probability of obtaining a phenotypic unc-32 vab-7 + offspring from a cross between a heter0zyg0us fly (unc-32 vab-7 dpy-17/ + + + ) and the triple recessive nematode (unc-32 vab-7 dpy-17 / unc-32 vab-7 dpy-17).
Cross:
unc-32 vab-7 dpy-17 / + + + x unc-32 vab-7 dpy-17 / unc-32 vab-7 dpy-17
To get the genotype unc-32 vab-7 + , a simple recombination, SR, must occur in region 2.
So we need to get the simple recombination frequency in Region 2.
To do so, first we need to clear the following equation
Distance between vab-7 dpy-17 = P2 x 100 = 20 MU
20MU = P2 x 100
P2 = 20 / 100
P2 = 0.2
The recombination frequency in region 2 (P2) is 0.2.
Now, we need to get the simple recombination frequency in this region.
P2 = (SR + DR) / N
P2 = Simple recombinants Frequency + Double recombinants Frequency
R1 = 10 MUR2 = 20 MUDouble recombinants Frequency = 10% x 20% = 0.1 x 0.2 = 0.02P2 = Simple recombinants Frequency + Double recombinants Frequency
0.2 = Simple recombinants Frequency + 0.02
Clearing the equation,
Simple recombinants Frequency = 0.2 - 0.02 = 0.18
Simple recombinant frequency in region 2 will produce the following two chromosomes,
unc-32 vab-7 ++ + dpy-17So half of this frequency will produce one chromosome, and the other half will produce the other chromosome.
unc-32 vab-7 + ⇒ 0.09+ + dpy-17 ⇒ 0.09So, the probability of obtaining a phenotypic unc-32 vab-7 + offspring is 0.09 = 9%.
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positive and negative punishment are meant to?
Answer:
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How toxins are accumulated as you go up in trophies levels in an ecosystem
Answer:
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the answer is A. voting.
True or False: Because the microbiome is important for fitness, many organisms have developed specific strategies for passing the microbiome on to progeny.
The statement 'because the microbiome is important for fitness, many organisms have developed specific strategies for passing the microbiome on to progeny' is TRUE. It is natural selection in action.
According to the evolutionary theory proposed by Darwin, natural selection is the mechanism by which species change (evolve) to adapt to particular environmental conditions.
In this case, the microbiome represents an evolutionary adaptive mechanism, thereby natural selection will tend to favor individuals that have a beneficial microbiome.
In consequence, individuals having a beneficial microbiome will have more chances to reproduce and survive (i.e., they have higher adaptive fitness), thereby they also have more chances to pass this adaptive trait to the next generation.
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How does respiration impact the amount of carbon in the atmosphere?
The process of respiration produces energy for organisms by combining glucose with oxygen from the air. During cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are changed into energy and carbon dioxide. Therefore, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere during the process of cellular respiration.
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DNA and RNA contain nucleotides that code for what?
A Carbonic Acids
B Amino Acids
C Hydrochloric Acids
D Lactic Acids
Answer:
your answer is definitely B: Amino Acids
Explanation:
Answer:
B
Explanation:
You are competing at a high school gymnastics meet. Your floor routine music begins
and you start running in a positive direction into a tumbling pass, starting from rest.
At 2s, your velocity is 4.5m/s. Calculate your acceleration.
Your Answer:
Answer
units
Answer:
2.25 m/s^2
Explanation:
Acceleration is the speed which you are increasing by per second. Therefore to find acceleration all you need to do is divide the change in velocity (4.5) by the time (2). Your units than become (m/s)/s or m/s^2.
so how many eyes do a dog and cat have
Answer:
i think its 2
dog have 2 eyes and cat also have 2 eyes
Due to a recent drought, a farmer has lost quite a bit of soil on his fields because:
A) the rain has washed it away.
B) the animals have been trying to eat the soil due to lack of food.
C) the plants have absorbed the soil.
D) wind has carried away the dry soil.
Pls help
Answer:wind has carried away the dry soil
Explanation:
can some one help me with this please
Answer:
7 answer is b
8 answer is d
9 answer is a
Explanation:
Answer:
B
D
A
Explanation:
:)
The process of mitosis ensures that each daughter cell has a copy of every chromosome present in the parent cell. What is the use of this process?
Answer:
option C is correct... the third one
what is the chemical formula for the sugar carbohydrate produced by photosynthesis?
A. H2O
B. CO2
C. C6H12O6
D. O2
Answer: C
Explanation:
air is made of ____and ____
Answer:
The air in Earth's atmosphere is made up of approximately 78 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen.
Answer:
air is made of nitrogen and oxygen
Identify this functional group
Answer:
Hydroxyl
Explanation:
Hydroxyl groups are simple structures consisting of an oxygen atom with two lone pairs bonded to a hydrogen atom.
A hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula -OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom.
Using these given definitions, a hydrogen bond is labeled with one linkage, while a covalent bond is with two links to the Carbon Atom.
See attached image for a similar diagram for proof.
Which of the following describe how seabird populations are affected by climate change?
Answer: Varies
Explanation:
It depends on the time of season at the given moment.
Which of the following characters can NEVER be an adaptation?
Answer:
ahh......
where r the options??
is broccoli a dicot or monocot?
Answer:
Broccoli is a dicot
Explanation:
I looked it up on the internet :)
Say that you look at the nuclei of 100 skin cells taken from the same person. About how many of these skin cells would you expect to be in interphase
Answer:
45 cells would be in the interphase
In the nuclei of 100 skin cells. The number of skin cells would be in interphase is 45.
What are cells?Cells are the key unit of living organisms. The cell divides into many cells through the process of cell division.
Prokaryotic cells are the primitive type of cells that are present only in unicellular organisms, and they do not undergo cell division. These cells do not have true cell organelles and a nucleus, in that DNA is present in coil form in the cytoplasm. They contain ribosomes the organisms are bacteria that contain prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells are higher cells that contain cell organelles they have to perform various complex functions of large organisms. They have a nucleus which contains DNA or genetic material, it does not have flagella.
Therefore, the number of skin cells in the interphase is 45 cells.
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what is the main reason scientist do experiments?
A) to find out if a hypothesis is correct
B) to provide jobs for scientists
C) to find different ways to use lab equipment
D) to educate science students
This model chose to include certain features and exclude other features. For example, this simulation only includes rabbits, wolves, and grass but there are other predators of rabbits and other food sources for rabbits. Why do you think the creators focused on these data elements and not others
The creator focused on these data elements and not others because he was trying to create a food chain instead of a food web.
In the ecosystem, the living and non-living things interact over time leading to exchange of energy.
A food chain can be defined as the steps through which energy transfer occurs in an ecosystem.
The energy flows from the producers (grass), primary consumers, (rabbits) and then the secondary consumers (wolves).
The energy flow is indicated with an arrow thus,
grass ---> rabbit -----> wolves.
Food chain, therefore includes linear sequence of organisms.
Food web on the other hand illustrates a complex feeding relationship within the ecosystem.
The food web is made up of a prey that can be eaten by more than one predator.
Therefore, even though there where other predators of rabbits and other food sources for rabbits, he chose only few features to create a food chain.
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The Forensic Anthropology Facility was founded by whom?
NEED HELP NOW PLEASE
5. Arrange the following levels of organization: Write numbers 1-8 only.
Compound of molecule
Atom
Organelle
Cell
Organism
Organ
Tissues
Organ system
In very extreme weather, the xylem cells are damaged as well. Describe how the plant is affected if the xylem is unable to function correctly.
Answer:
The plant will die
Explanation:
Xylem's job is to transport water and minerals from the soil to the parts of the plant. Without it the plant won't receive the required minerals and the plant will die.
If you were born November 16, 1986 how old are you today
Answer:
2021-1986 = 35 years old
Explanation:
