Answer: Scientific theories can be backed up with evidence/data (the evidence that backs the theory isn't common knowledge to everyone yet), while a hypothesis is just an educated guess, meaning that you are making a prediction based on something already known.
They are both similar in the sense that they are questions that are answered by facts, but theories are answered with factual evidence rather than factual reasoning (hypothesis).
briefly outline how cell theory has developed over the past 400 years
Explanation:
The cell theory, or cell doctrine, states that all organisms are composed of similar units of organization, called cells. The concept was formally articulated in 1839 by Schleiden & Schwann and has remained as the foundation of modern biology. The idea predates other great paradigms of biology including Darwin’s theory of evolution (1859), Mendel’s laws of inheritance (1865), and the establishment of comparative biochemistry (1940).
First Cells Seen in Cork
While the invention of the telescope made the Cosmos accessible to human observation, the microsope opened up smaller worlds, showing what living forms were composed of. The cell was first discovered and named by Robert Hooke in 1665. He remarked that it looked strangely similar to cellula or small rooms which monks inhabited, thus deriving the name. However what Hooke actually saw was the dead cell walls of plant cells (cork) as it appeared under the microscope. Hooke’s description of these cells was published in Micrographia. The cell walls observed by Hooke gave no indication of the nucleus and other organelles found in most living cells. The first man to witness a live cell under a microscope was Anton van Leeuwenhoek, who in 1674 described the algae Spirogyra. Van Leeuwenhoek probably also saw bacteria
The cell theory, states that all organisms are composed of similar units of organization, called cells.
What is cell theory?The concept of cell theory was in 1839 by Schleiden & Schwann which leads the foundation of modern biology. Cell theory states that every cell is generated from another preexisting cell.
This idea makes the great revolution in biology including Darwin’s theory of evolution (1859), Mendel’s laws of inheritance (1865), and the establishment of comparative biochemistry (1940).
Schleiden & Schwann propose every organism is composed of the cell, which is the basic unit of life and each cell comes from the preexisting cell, and each cell produces a progeny which is similar to its parent cell.
Therefore, cell theory states the existence of the cell in the organism.
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Differentiate between sub-cellular and acellular particles with examples
Answer:
Explanation:
Sub-cellular particles are particles smaller than the living cell and are found suspended in the cytosol (of a cell) like the nucleus, golgi complex and the mitochondria.
While acellular particles/organisms are particles that do not have a cell like the virsues, viroids and prions. They are not alive/inactive outside a living environment but become active immediately they are inside a living environment (like a cell).
Sub-cellular particles are structures that are found within a cell. These structures perform specific functions and are essential for the cell to carry out its biological processes.
Examples of sub-cellular particles include organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. These structures are composed of both proteins and lipids and are enclosed by a membrane.
Acellular particles, on the other hand, are particles that do not possess a cellular structure and are not alive. These particles are much smaller than cells and are unable to carry out any metabolic processes.
Examples of acellular particles include viruses, prions, and viroids. These particles are composed of either DNA or RNA and can replicate themselves only within a host cell. They do not have their own metabolism and rely on the host cell for replication and survival.
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Based on fossilized evidence, there are scientific claims made about the evolution of certain species. If a scientist studying the fossils of a specific species had a hypothesis other than what was currently accepted, what steps should be taken to have the alternative hypothesis considered
Answer: For the scientist to have alternative hypothesis considered, it is imperative he takes certain steps, this steps will ascertain the scientific claims already made about the evolution of species.
Therefore,the scientist will simply test the alternative hypotheses inorder to know that they are incorrect.
This testing of hypotheses to ascertain their incorrectness is very useful in the study of fossils.
Natural selection states that complex organisms evolved through random mutations alone. True or False?
Answer:
False.
Explanation:
This statement is false because organisms don't evolve - populations do. New gene variants (i.e., alleles) are produced by random mutation, and over the course of many generations, natural selection may favor advantageous variants, causing them to become more common in the population. However, because mutation rates are low relative to population growth in most species, mutation alone doesn't have much of an effect on evolution.
Mr. B has been transferred to your floor to wait and see whether the chest tube allows his lungs to completely re-expand. But when he arrives, he is in severe respiratory distress. He says "I felt better before I came into the ER! Is this tube doing anything
The question is incomplete,below is the complete question.
Mr. B has been transferred to your floor to wait and see whether the chest tube allows his lungs to completely re-expand. But when he arrives, he is in severe respiratory distress. He says "I felt better before I came into the ER! Is this tube doing anything?"
You tell the Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS). As the two of you move him into the bed, you notice that his chest tube bottle is lying on its side on the gurney, with air going into it. When you point this out to the CNS, she immediately grabs the bottle and sets it upright on the floor. You see air start bubbling through the fluid right away. "That was the problem!" she says. "They lost the water seal, and air was going into his chest from the bottle. You would not believe how many times that happens on transport." When you examine Mr. B, you have trouble detecting his lung sounds on the left. Even stranger, his apical heart sound is in the wrong place - it is over toward the right side of his chest. His respiration rate and heart rate are both increased, and he is struggling to breathe. "Let's give him a little oxygen. He'll be a lot better in a half-hour," says the CNS. "Check back on him."
QUESTION - Why would accumulation of air in his pleural space cause his heart sounds to be in the wrong place?
Accumulation of air in Mr B pleural space will cause his heart sound to be heard in the wrong place because the left side is his chest is being filled up with air making the organs in his chest to to be pushed over to the right side.
why is it necessary yo separate oxgynated and deoxgynated blood in livng oranisum
Explanation:
it is necessary in mammals and birds to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood because this makes their circulatory system more efficient and helps in maintaining a constant body temperature
What happens when volcanoes release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere?
Answer:
a. the climate gets warmer...
Explanation:
When volcanoes release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, global warming is due to the greenhouse effect.
What do you mean by the Greenhouse effect?The Greenhouse effect may be defined as the phenomenon of keeping the earth warm due to the presence of certain gases in the atmosphere.
Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, Methane, and Nitrous oxide allow the solar radiations to enter but prevent the escape of heat radiations of longer wavelength.
Due to this, the gradual and continuous increase in the average temperature of the earth's surface occurs, a phenomenon known as global warming.
Therefore, when volcanoes release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, global warming is due to the greenhouse effect.
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Which of the traits below are completely influenced by the expression of genes? (Choose all that apply)
weight
attached or unattached earlobes
hair texture
eye color
Answer:
attached or unattached ear lobes
A country's ecological footprint can be calculated by multiplying its population size by the footprint of each individual. Why are some ecologists concerned about the ecological footprint of a country like India
Answer:
Ecological footprint estimates the requirements of renewable resources that a population consumes to live a particular lifestyle. Some ecologists are concerned because the result of the ecological footprint shows that the demand of the population is increasing in comparison to the supply of nature.
For example in India, the ecological footprint shows negative impact of population demand over supply of nature.
Antibodies:_______. A. play a large role in cell-mediated immunity. B. are produced by both T and B cells. C. are composed of four light and four heavy polypeptide chains. D. are not specific, but act generally. E. have a variable region that binds to a specific antigenic determinant.
Answer:
E. have a variable region that binds to a specific antigenic determinant.
Antibodies E. have a variable region that binds to a specific antigenic determinant.
What is the region of the antibody that the antigen binds to?This location of the antibody is known as the Fab (fragment, antigen binding) place. it's far composed of 1 constant and one variable domain from every heavy and light chain of the antibody. The paratope is shaped on the amino terminal cease of the antibody monomer by the variable domains from the heavy and light chains.
What binds to an antigenic determinant?An antigenic determinant is a website online of an antigen molecule that is termed an epitope and interacts with the unique antigen-binding site within the variable vicinity of an antibody molecule called a paratope.
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The hard outer covering of an animal is a(n) blank
Answer:
exoskeleton
Explanation: answering spree
Answer:
The hard outer covering of an animal is a(n) exoskeleton.
Explanation:
The definition of exoskeleton is "a rigid external covering for the body in some invertebrate animals, especially arthropods, providing both support and protection."
2) Micah and Taylor investigate the effect of tap water and spring water on the growth of plants.
They grew two plants of the same type and size in separate containers. Every three days, they
added the same amount of tap water to one plant and the same amount of spring water to the
other. Describe an action that would best improve the reliability of their results?
Answer:
To improve the reliability of the results, the nutritional component of each category of water must be tested and recorded.
Second, the experiment should be carried out under greenhouse conditions.
The above actions will afford more control. When an experiment is controlled, it means that except for the dependent variable, all other variables are kept constant by the scientist.
By performing the experiment under greenhouse conditions, the kind of water the plants receive, temperature and other biotic actors are kept within measurable limits thus increasing the reliability of the results.
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Eye color is an example of 1. Transcriptional control 2. gene expression 3. translational control 4. gene regulation
Eye color is an example of Gene expression
what the parts of Earth's biosphere
Answer:
lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere.
Explanation:
Answer:
the hydrosphere
the atmosphere
the lithosphere
Explanation:
The hydrosphere is all waters on the Earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the Earth's surface, such as clouds.
The atmosphere is the Earth's layer of gases, commonly known as air, that is retained by Earth's gravity.
The lithosphere is the rigid part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
When an action potential from a motor neuron arrives at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a series of events occurs that leads to muscle contraction. What events will occur last?
Answer:
conformational change in troponin
Explanation:
The troponin complex plays an essential role in the thin filament regulation of striated muscle contraction.
Which describes a grizzly bear’s habitat? all the biotic factors in the ecosystem all the abiotic factors in the ecosystem the role of the bear in the ecosystem the physical area where the bear lives
Answer:
it is D
Explanation:
A grizzly bear’s habitat comprises of the physical area where the bear lives
What is a habitat?A habitat is defined as the dwelling home of living organisms.
There are three major types of habitat; namely:
Terrestrial habitatAquatic habitatArboreal habitatTerrestrial habitat is the land habitatAquatic habitat is the water habitatArboreal habitat is the tree habitatLearn more about habitat:
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choose one plant or animal and what are the 3 adaptions this organisms has
Consider the following chromosomes and if they are affected by hemophilia.
X = unaffected X chromosome, x = X chromosome affected by hemophilia, and Y = Y chromosome.
If an Xx female and XY male have children, what fraction of their offspring will have an affected chromosome, and what fraction is likely to be affected by hemophilia?
(1 point)
A. 1/4 and 1/2
B. 1/2 and 1/4
C. 1/2 and 1/3
D. 1/4 and 1/4
I've been stuck on this question for a while, may someone please assist?
Answer:
B. 1/2 and 1/4
Explanation:
Hemophilia is a rare disease that has to do with the inability for blood to clot. It is inherited on the X chromosome, hence, it is said to be X-linked. It is usually passed from mother to son. According to this question;
X - unaffected X chromosome
x = X chromosome affected by hemophilia
Y = Y chromosome
Therefore, in a cross between a Xx female (carrier) and a XY male (unaffected), the following chromosomes will be present in the gametes produced by each parent:
Xx- X and x gametes
XY- X and Y gametes
Using these gametes in a punnet square (see attached image), offsprings with genotypes: XX, Xx, XY and xY will be possibly produced.
XX (1) - unaffected female
Xx (1) - unaffected but carrier female
XY (1) - unaffected male
xY (1) - affected male (have hemophilia)
Based on the questions;
- 2 out of the possible 4 children will have the affected chromosomes i.e. both xY son and Xx daughter have the affected (x) chromosome. Hence, the fraction is 1/2
- 1 out of the 4 possible children is affected by hemophilia, which is the xY son. Hence, the fraction is 1/4.
If capeland switches from producing 0 watermelons to producing 18 million tons of watermelons, what does it give up?
Answer:
Attached to this solution is an image of the complete question and data.
The correct answer is:
6 million pairs of shoes
Explanation:
From the diagram attached to this answer, the following data can be gotten:
Watermelons shoes
(Millions of tonnes) (Millions of pairs)
0 15
8 14
14 12
18 9
20 5
21 0
From the pattern of the data shown above, we notice that as the production of one commodity increases, the other is given up (decreases)
Therefore, to find how much shoes are given up if Capeland switches from 0 watermelons to 18 million tons of watermelon, we will find the difference between the number of shoes produced at 0 and at 18 million tons of watermelon
at 0 watermelon; shoes = 15 million pairs
at 18 million tons of watermelon; shoes = 9 million pairs
Therefore, number of shoes given up = 15 - 9 = 6 million pairs
Hence, 6 million pairs of shoes are given up tp increase production of watermelon from 0 to 18 million tons
In human body where is liver located
Answer:
The liver is located in the upper right-hand portion of the abdominal cavity, beneath the diaphragm, and on top of the stomach, right kidney, and intestines. Shaped like a cone, the liver is a dark reddish-brown organ that weighs about 3 pounds.
Explanation:
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Only ------ percent of the food eaten is turned into its own body.
Answer:
10%
Explanation:
there is a the rule that only 10% of the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the other.
this means that only 10% of the food an organism eats is passed onto the next organism. eg only 10% of the energy in a plant is transferred to a rabbit that eats the plant. After that if a wolf eats the rabbit only 10% of the energy of food will pass on to the wolf.
The digestive and excretory systems
THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Answer: The attachment shows the nephron which is the functional unit of the kidney.
It does the work of urine formation through 3 distinct processes.
-Ultra filtration( Small molecules are forced out of the selectively permeable membrane of the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule under regulated pressure.these molecules are from the blood in the glomerulus brought in by the afferent arteriole.
- Selective reabsorption ( Useful molecule and iron such as glucose and sodium are reabsorbed back into the blood as the filtrate flows through the tubule(nephron)
-Tubular Secretion. ( Movement of molecules not filtered by the glomerulus during the initial stage of filtration back into the filtrate through the renal capillaries.
Stella's urine sample shows the presence of large protein (ULTRAFILTRATION)
John's blood test report indicates a high toxin level ( ULTRAFILTRATION AND TUBULAR SECRETION)
Miguel's blood test shows an increase in metabolic waste( ULTRAFILTRATION AND TUBULAR SECRETION)
Janice's urine report shows the presence of vital materials ( SELECTIVE REABSORPTION).
The scientist has chosen to study the motion of clouds in the atmosphere during a thunderstorm which type of model is most appropriate for her investigation
Answer: COMPUTER SIMULATION
Explanation: Computer simulation is a model that helps to scientists to have a clear and better understanding and be able to effectively predict the occurrence of future outcomes of real physical situations.
Computer simulation makes use of mathematical models to effectively analyse and predict future occurrences which helps the world to be better prepared and able to effectively manage physical and real world situations.
Abnormal vascular regulation by endothelial cells in small vessels of the heart contributes to:___________. a. Hypertension b. Dysrhythmias c. Truncus arteriosus d. Ischemic heart disease
Answer: The correct answer to the question is option D
ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE.
Explanation: To answer the question effectively, let us look at the options given,what they are and how they affect the heart.
Endothelial cells play a crucial role in the regulating vascular tone,They do so by secreting variable amounts of constricting and relaxing factors inorder to control tissue perfusion.
Hypertension on the other hand occurs as a result of factors that varies distinctively and not all related to vascular tone.
Dysrhythmias on it's own will affect the function and conduction of heart chambers but not necessarily vascular tones.
Truncus arteriosus results in only in one large artery exiting/leaving the heart.
what are top consumer
Answer:
it is a food chain.
I can't write more it's not allowed
What is the definition of salinity ?
Answer:
Salinity pertains to the degree of saltiness or the relative proportion of salt in a solution. ... By definition, salinity in relation to limnology refers to the total amount of dissolved solids in water in parts per thousand by weight.
Answer:
Salinity is the saltiness or dissolved inorganic salt content of a body of water. Substances that are dissolved in water are usually called solutes.
Explanation:
Which of the following statements is true?
Photosynthesis is a type of homeostasis.
Unicellular organisms have differentiated cells.
Respiration is a type of metabolism.
Multicellular organisms are made of only one cell.
Answer:
Respiration is a type of metabolism.
Answer:
C. Respiration is a type of metabolism
Explanation:
Both B and D are incorrect because:
Multicelluar organisms have more than one cell; while singlecelled organisims only have one cell.
Also, homeostasis is a natural way an organisms body reacts to different situations, like when you sweat, your body is realising a way to lower the heat in your body. Therfore, A. is also incorrect.
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what is the hypothesis
Answer:
a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
Explanation:
Answer:
what you think is gonna happen in an experiment
Explanation:
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Answer:
d
Explanation:
Answer: D, I believe.
Explanation:
You find a new organism and are trying to determine what how it eats. You found it in a mud flat at the ocean and it has no teeth, but a very long alimentary canal. You see living examples moving through the mud very slowly. Based on all of this, you conclude that this animals is
Answer:
A Detritivore
Explanation:
A Detritivore is a heterotrophic organism that feeds on dead plant and animal materials. They could also feed through coprophagy which is nutrition obtained by feeding on feces. Worms that dwell on the soil, insects, and mollusks are examples of detritivores. Detritivores can also be found residing in aquatic environments. Crabs and Lobsters are examples of these organisms.
Detritivores have no teeth. So, they tend to suck in their food, and this food, through peristaltic actions, moves directly into the digestive tract where it is acted upon by digestive enzymes. From the observations, I made about the organism at the mudflat at the ocean, I can conclude that it is a detritivore.
