Cesium-137 is part of the nuclear waste produced by uranium-235 fission. The half-life of cesium-137 is 30.2 years. How much time is required for the activity of a sample of cesium-137 to fall to 9.32 percent of its original value

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

t(9.32% remaining) = 203 yrs (3 sig. figs.)

Explanation:

All radioactive decay follows a 1st order decay profile. This is defined by the expression ...

A =A₀e^-k·t

A = final activity = 9.32%

A₀ = initial activity = 100%

e = base of natural logs

k = rate constant = 0.693/t(1/2) = (0.693/30.2) yrs⁻¹ = 0.023 yrs⁻¹

t = time of decay = ln(A/A₀)/-k = ln(9.32%/100%)/-0.023 yrs⁻¹

 = 203.286637 yrs (calc. ans.)

 ≅ 203 yrs (3 sig. figs.)


Related Questions

Determine the electron geometry, molecular geometry, and idealized bond angles for each of the following molecules. CF4CF4 NF3NF3 OF2OF2 H2SH2S In which cases do you expect deviations from the idealized bond angle

Answers

Answer:

CF4

Molecular geometry- tetrahedral

Electron geometry- tetrahedral

NF3

-molecular geometry - trigonal pyramidal

Electron geometry - tetrahedral

OF2

Molecular geometry - bent

Molecular geometry - tetrahedral

H2S

Molecular geometry- bent

Electron geometry - tetrahedral

Explanation:

According to Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory, the shape of a molecule depends on the number of electron pairs on the valence shell of the central atom in the molecule.

For all the compounds listed, the central atom has four points of electron density. This correspond to a tetrahedra electron pair geometry. The presence of lone pairs on the central atom of OF2,NF3 and H2S accounts for the departure of the observed molecular geometry from the geometry and idealized bond angle predicted on the basis of the VSEPR theory.

Phosphorus -32 is a commonly used radioactive nuclide in biochemical research, particularly in studies of nucleic acids. The half-life of phosphorus-32 is 14.3 days. What mass of phosphorus-32 is left from an original sample of 175 mg of Na332PO4 after 35.0 days

Answers

Answer: The mass of P-32 left from the original sample is 32.07 mg

Explanation:

All radioactive decay processes follow first-order reactions.

Calculating rate constant for first order reaction using half life:

[tex]t_{1/2}=\frac{0.693}{k}[/tex] .....(1)

[tex]t_{1/2}[/tex] = half life period = 14.3 days

k = rate constant = ?

Putting values in equation 1:

[tex]k=\frac{0.693}{14.3days}\\\\k=0.0485days^{-1}[/tex]

The integrated rate law equation for first-order kinetics:

[tex]k=\frac{2.303}{t}\log \frac{a}{a-x}[/tex] ......(2)

Given values:

a = initial concentration of reactant = 175 mg

a - x = concentration of reactant left after time 't' = ? mg

t = time period = 35.0 days

Putting values in equation 2:

[tex]0.0485days^{-1}=\frac{2.303}{35.0 days}\log (\frac{175}{a-x})\\\\\log (\frac{175}{a-x})=\frac{0.0485\times 35.0}{2.303}\\\\\log (\frac{175}{a-x})=0.737\\\\\frac{175}{a-x}=10^{0.737}\\\\a-x=\frac{175}{5.457}=32.07mg[/tex]

Hence, the mass of P-32 left from the original sample is 32.07 mg

Compound A has the formula C8H8. It reacts rapidly with acidic KMnO4 but reacts with only 1 equivalent of H2 over a palladium catalyst. On hydrogenation under conditions that reduce aromatic rings, A reacts with 4 equivalents of H2, and hydrocarbon B, C8H16, is produced. The reaction of A with KMnO4 gives CO2 and a carboxylic acid C, C7H6O2.

Required:
Draw the structure of compound B below.

Answers

Answer:

C8H16 (Ethylcyclohexane).

Explanation:

From the given information:

Compound A is an alkene because it interacts with 1 unit of hydrogen across a palladium catalyst.

Also, we are given another hint that:

Compound A needs 4 equivalence of H2 to hydrogenate under circumstances that decrease aromatic rings, indicating that it is a phenyl substituted alkene.

Compound A with formula C8H8 reacts instantly with KMnO4 to produce CO2, as well as carboxylic acid, points out that Compound acts as a terminal alkene.

Therefore, we can opine that compound A is a terminal phenyl substituted alkene whose formula = C8H8 (Styrene)

The diagrammatic expression of the compound can be seen below.

However, in the presence of the palladium catalyst, the reduction of Compound A with 4 units of hydrogen produces Compound B: C8H16 (Ethylcyclohexane).

Question 13 of 32

The pH of a sample of seawater is 8.0. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of seawater?

A. 8.0 M
B. 1 x 108 M
C. 6.0 M
D. 1 x 10-8 M​

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Mark Brainliest please

Answer is D

Explanation

We know that pH=−log[H^+]

pH=8

Thus, 8= −log[H^+]

Hence [H+]=10^−8

Thus, concentration of H^+ is 10^−8M

The limiting reactant in a chemical reaction is the reactant __________ Select one: A. for which you have the lowest mass in grams. B. which has the lowest coefficient in the balanced equation. C. which has the lowest molar mass. D. which is left over after the reaction has gone to completion. E. None of the above.

Answers

Answer:

i think its A

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition

Include skin, the respiratory system, the circulatory system, and inflammation


A. antibody
B. antigen
C.Natural Defences
D.active immunity

Answers

Answer:

I choose D option because may be it's correct

I believe it is c

Explanation:

because if u think about it and also do some research you would see that the circulatory system is a strong part of your body which can help u through natural defences if this sounds weird it's all in research but if it ain't c dont blame me for ruining your life- lol but yeah I think its c

the density of gold is 19.3 g/ml. if you had a cube made of pure gold that weighs 58.1 pounds what would be the lengh of a side of this cube

Answers

Answer:

11.1 cm

Explanation:

First we convert 58.1 pounds into grams:

58.1 lb * [tex]\frac{453.592g}{1lb}[/tex] = 26353.69 g

Then we calculate the volume of the gold cube, using the given density:

26353.69 g ÷ 19.3 g/mL = 1365.48 mL

1365.48 mL is equal to 1365.48 cm³.

With the volume of a cube we can calculate the side length:

Length = ∛(1365.48 cm³) = 11.1 cm

The information code that an organism inherits can best be referred to as its -
O A genotype
B. territory
C. species
D. kingdom

Answers

Answer:

it will be no.A genotype

The element tin has the following number of electrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 18, 4. Notice that the number of electrons in the outer shell of a tin atom is the same as that for a carbon atom. Therefore, what must be true of tin

Answers

The question is incomplete, the complete question is:

The element tin has the following number of electrons per shell: 2.8. 18, 18, 4. Notice that the number of electrons in the outer shell of a tin atom is the same as that for a carbon atom. Therefore, what must be true of tin? Tin is a polar atom and can bind to other polar atoms. Tin has a high molecular weight to give tin-containing molecules greater stabilty. All of the above Tin conform single covalent bonds with other elements, but not double or triple covalent bonds Tincan bind to up to four elements at a time

Answer:

Tin can bind to up to four elements at a time

Explanation:

Certain important points were made in the question about tin and one of them is that tin is an element in the same group as carbon hence it has the same number of valence electrons as carbon.

Carbon is always tetra valent. The tetra valency of carbon is the idea that carbon forms four bonds.

If tin has the same number of valence electrons as carbon, then, tin can bind to up to four elements at a time

Which statement best describes the intermolecular forces between H2
molecules and NH3 molecules in the liquid phase?
A. Dipole-dipole forces are the strongest force between H2
molecules, and Van der Waals forces are the strongest force
between NH3 molecules.
B. Van der Waals forces are the strongest force between H2
molecules, and hydrogen bonding is the strongest force between
the NH3 molecules.
C. Hydrogen bonding is the strongest force between H, molecules
and between NH3 molecules.
D. Van der Waals forces are the strongest force between H2
molecules and between NH3 molecules.

Answers

Answer:

D. Van der Waals forces are the strongest force between H2

molecules and between NH3 molecules.  

Explanation:

Van der Waal’s forces are the forces which arises due to disturbance in the electron density of the molecule.  

These are usually found in non polar molecules. Hence N2 is said to exhibit this force.

Out of these Van der Waals is the weakest force.

sino may kuyang palaging nambibira​

Answers

I don’t understand ?

Francine makes several measurements of the mass of a metal block. The data set is shown in the table below.

Measurement
Mass of metal block (g)
1
20.73
2
20.76
3
20.68
4
20.75

After analyzing this data set, Francine calculates a value of 20.73 g.

Which of these characteristics has been calculated?
mean
median
mode
range

Answers

Answer:

Mean

Explanation:

The mean of a series of measurements is calculated when all the measurements are added up and then divided by the number of measurements taken, as follows:

Sum of Measurements = 20.73 + 20.76 + 20.68 + 20.75 = 82.92

As there are 4 measurements, the mean is:

Mean = 82.92 / 4 = 20.73

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Given the balanced reaction: Zn + 2HCl → H2 + ZnCl2
If 5 grams of each reactant are available for the reaction and HCl is known
to be the limiting reactant, which of the following is correct?
O Both reactants will be completely used up.
O There will be excess of both reactants remaining.
O HCl will be completely used up while Zn will remain in excess.
O Zn will be completely used up while HCl will remain in excess.

Answers

Answer:

O HCl will be completely used up while Zn will remain in excess.

Explanation:

Zn + 2HCl → H₂ + ZnCl₂

In reactions involving two reactants, if one of them is the limiting reactant then the other one has to be the reactant in excess.

Meaning that in this case, the reaction will proceed until HCl is completely used up, and a certain amount of Zn will remain (thus being the reactant in excess).

Calculate the amount of energy produced by the conversion of 50.0 kg of mass into energy. Use 3.00 x 108 m/s for the speed of light. Round to 3 significant digits.

Which setup will solve this problem?

Answers

Answer:

tanong mo sa teacher mo ok

Answer:

E = (50.0 kg)(3.00 x 108 m/s)2

Explanation:

If 0.5 L of O2(g) reacts with H, to produce 1 L of H2O(g), what is the volume of
H2O(g) obtained from 1 L of O2(g)?
-
0.5 L
2.5 L
2 L
1.5 L

Answers

Answer:

2 L

Explanation:

We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction. This is given below:

2H₂ + O₂ —> 2H₂O

From the balanced equation above, we can see clearly that 1 L of O₂ reacted to 2 L of H₂O.

This implies that 2 L of H₂O can be obtained by the reaction of 1 L of O₂.

Thus, option 3 gives the correct answer to the question.

what climate zone is asia?

Answers

Answer:

The Tundra Climate

Explanation:

:) hope this helps

The answer is As the aggregate result of those various meteorological patterns, the following types of climate may be distinguished in Asia: the tundra climate (associated with the cold, treeless plains of the Arctic lowlands of Asia); the cold, sharply continental climate of eastern Siberia; the cold, moderately humid western

A 250ml sample of sir at 373.15k is warmed at 473.15 at constant pressure. What is the volume of the air sample at the new temperature

Answers

Answer:

317 mL.

Explanation:

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

Initial volume (V₁) = 250 mL

Initial temperature (T₁) = 373.15 K

Final temperature (T₂) = 473.15 K

Pressure = Constant

Final volume (V₂) =?

The final volume of the air sample can be obtained by using the Charles' law equation as illustrated below:

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

250 / 373.15 = V₂ / 473.15

Cross multiply

373.15 × V₂ = 250 × 473.15

373.15 × V₂ = 118287.5

Divide both side by 373.15

V₂ = 118287.5 / 373.15

V₂ = 317 mL

Therefore, the final volume of the air sample is 317 mL

Write the molecular formula for the compound that exhibits a molecular ion at M+ = 112.0499. Assume that C, H, N, and O might be present, and use the exact masses below: Exact mass of carbon = 12.000 Exact mass of hydrogen = 1.0078 Exact mass of nitrogen = 14.003 Exact mass of oxygen = 15.995 (The order of atoms should be carbon, then hydrogen, then the others in alphabetical order. If there is more than one answer, just give one. ) Molecular formula:

Answers

Answer:

C₅H₈N₂O

Explanation:

The molecular formula denotes the various forms of atoms contained in a molecule at a particular fixed proportion.

The molecular ion M⁺ = 112.0499

and the exact mass values are given as follows:

C = 12.000

H = 1.0078

N = 14.003

O = 15.995

By assumption:

C = 12.000 × 5 = 60.0000

H = 1.0078 × 8 =    1.0078

N = 14.003 × 2 =  28.0060

O = 15.995 × 1 =   15.9950    

                        = 112.0634    

This is approximtely equal to 112.0499.

As such the Molecular formula for the compound = C₅H₈N₂O

Iodine-131 is administered orally in the form of NaI(aq) as a treatment for thyroid cancer. The half-life of iodine-131 is 8.04 days. If you begin with 34.7 mg of this isotope, what mass remains after 8.52 days have passed

Answers

Answer:

16.6 mg

Explanation:

Step 1: Calculate the rate constant (k) for Iodine-131 decay

We know the half-life is t1/2 = 8.04 day. We can calculate the rate constant using the following expression.

k = ln2 / t1/2 = ln2 / 8.04 day = 0.0862 day⁻¹

Step 2: Calculate the mass of iodine after 8.52 days

Iodine-131 decays following first-order kinetics. Given the initial mass (I₀ = 34.7 mg) and the time elapsed (t = 8.52 day), we can calculate the mass of iodine-131 using the following expression.

ln I = ln I₀ - k × t

ln I = ln 34.7 - 0.0862 day⁻¹ × 8.52 day

I = 16.6 mg

A rod “X”, has a positive charge of 5. An otherwise identical rod, “Y”, has a negative charge of 12.
The rods are touched together and then separated.
a) When they touched, what particles moved between them?
b) Did the particles move from “X” to “Y” or from “Y” to “X”.

Answers

Answer:

a) electrons

b) from Y to X

Explanation:

positive protons are the cores of atoms in relative to electrons very, very heavy.

the outer electrons of atoms can move, under certain conditions, away from the atom, leaving it electrically unbalanced -> positively charged

there can also be a surplus of electrons on many surfaces, leading to a static negative charge. you know this when you are charged and you discharge with an object or another person, electrically balancing the two bodies charge.

electrons are also much smaller. they are the "things" to move, let it be trough the air or trough a wire, while the heavy protons will stay in place (unless the materials is melted of course, extreme heat brakes the bounds between atoms relatively well)

An unknown element, X, has an atomic mass of 107.868 amu. The X-109 isotope (108.905 amu) is 48.16%. What is the amu of the other isotope (report final answer to the correct number of significant figures)

Answers

Answer:

106.905 amu is the mass of the other isotope

Explanation:

The atomic mass of an element is the sum of the masses of the isotopes multiplied by its abundance. The atomic mass of an element X with 2 isotopes is:

X = X-109*i + X-107*i

Where X is the atomic mass = 107.868 amu

X-109 = 108.905amu, i = 48.16% = 0.4816

X-107 = ?, i = 1-0.4816 = 0.5184

Replacing:

107.868amu = 108.905amu*0.4816 + X-107*0.5184

55.4194 = X-107*0.5184

106.905 = X-107

106.905 amu is the mass of the other isotope

What happens when you increase the pressure on the following
reaction
2X(g) + 3Y(g) --> 5Z(g) + heat

Answers

Answer:

When pressure increases, there is no effect on the reaction because volume is constant.

a solution that contains a large amount of solute would be described as what

Answers

Answer:

A concentrated solution is one that has a relatively large amount of dissolved solute. A dilute solution is one that has a relatively small amount of dissolved solute.

Hydrogen bonds within liquid water are attractions between protons and hydroxide ions. are dipole-dipole attractions. are ion-induced dipole attractions. are attractions between protons and oxygen nuclei. are attractions between two hydrogen atoms.

Answers

Answer:

true because the bonds cannot be broken down

An atom has the electron configuration of 1s22s22p5 how many electrons are in that atom

Answers

Answer:

There are [tex]9[/tex] electrons in this atom.

Explanation:

Electron configuration of this atom: [tex]1s^2\, 2s^2\, 2p^5[/tex].

The electron orbitals of an atom are denoted as [tex]1s[/tex], [tex]2s[/tex], [tex]2p[/tex], [tex]3s[/tex], [tex]3p[/tex], etc. At any given time, an electron in this atom is located in exactly one orbital.

The electron configuration of an atom gives the number of electrons in each orbitals of this atom.

For example, in this atom, the superscript "[tex]2[/tex]" on the right of "[tex]1s[/tex]" means that there are two electrons in the [tex]1s\![/tex] orbital of this atom. Hence, [tex]1s^2\, 2s^2\, 2p^5[/tex] would translate to:

The [tex]1s[/tex] orbital of this atom contains [tex]2[/tex] electrons.The [tex]2s[/tex] orbital of this atom contains [tex]2[/tex] electrons.The [tex]2p[/tex] orbitals of this atom contain [tex]5[/tex] electrons.

Hence, there would be [tex]2 + 2 + 5 = 9[/tex] electrons in total in this atom.

You have selected your two primers and added all of the PCR components to a test tube. Use the answer choices [A-C] to explain what will happen as the polymerase chain reaction proceeds. Answers may be used more than once or not at all.

Answers

Hi. You did not provide any response options. However, a PCR reaction proceeds as follows.

After the primers are added to the test tube containing the PCR components. This tube is placed in a device called a thermocycler. At that moment, the stage called denaturation will begin, where the thermocycler increases the temperature to the point of breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together. The thermal cycler increases the temperature up to 96°C.

After that, the second step of the reaction begins. At that moment, the thermal cycler lowers the temperature to 55º - 65ºC, which is the ideal temperature for the primers to be able to attach themselves to the DNA strands, preparing them for the presence of the polymerase.

After that, the thermocycler raises the temperature to 72ºC, which is the ideal temperature for the DNA polymerase to work. At this stage, the DNA polymerase will use the DNA strand and the primer to build a new DNA strand, which will be annealed to the DNA strand used as a template.

These three steps will be repeated about 35 times, generating many copies of DNA.

A buffer solution contains 0.475 M nitrous acid and 0.302 M sodium nitrite . If 0.0224 moles of potassium hydroxide are added to 150 mL of this buffer, what is the pH of the resulting solution

Answers

Answer: The pH of the resulting solution will be 3.001

Explanation:

Molarity is calculated by using the equation:

[tex]\text{Molarity}=\frac{\text{Moles}}{\text{Volume}}[/tex]          ......(1)

We are given:

Moles of NaOH = 0.0224 moles

Molarity of nitrous acid = 0.475 M

Molarity of sodium nitrite = 0.302 M

Volume of solution = 150 mL = 0.150 L          (Conversion factor: 1 L = 1000 mL)

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]\text{Moles of nitrous acid}=(0.475mol/L\times 0.150L)=0.07125mol[/tex]

[tex]\text{Moles of sodium nitrite}=(0.302mol/L\times 0.150L)=0.0453mol[/tex]

The chemical equation for the reaction of nitrous acid and NaOH follows:

                   [tex]HNO_2+NaOH\rightleftharpoons NaNO_2+H_2O[/tex]

I:                0.07125     0.0224     0.0453

C:             -0.0224     -0.0224   +0.0224

E:              0.04885         -          0.0677

The power of the acid dissociation constant is the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant. The equation used is:

[tex]pK_a=-\log K_a[/tex]        ......(2)

We know:

[tex]K_a[/tex] for nitrous acid = [tex]7.2\times 10^{-4}[/tex]

Using equation 2:

[tex]pK_a=-\log (7.2\times 10^{-4})=3.143[/tex]

To calculate the pH of the acidic buffer, the equation for Henderson-Hasselbalch is used:

[tex]pH=pK_a+ \log \frac{\text{[conjugate base]}}{\text{[acid]}}[/tex]         .......(3)

Given values:

[tex][NaNO_2]=\frac{0.0677}{0.150}[/tex]

[tex][HNO_2]=\frac{0.04885}{0.150}[/tex]

[tex]pK_a=3.143[/tex]

Putting values in equation 3. we get:

[tex]pH=3.143-\log \frac{(0.0677/0.150)}{(0.04885/0.150)}\\\\pH=3.143-0.142\\\\pH=3.001[/tex]

Hence, the pH of the resulting solution will be 3.001

An elementary step is defined as a chemical collision in a reaction mechanism. A collection of different types of collisions makes up the reaction mechanism, so elementary steps provide a molecular view of the overall reaction.

a. True
b. False

Answers

The answer is A. True
A. True is your answer hope this helps

Please Help !! This is an Earth science lab question.

Explain why erosion occurs on the outside of a meander and deposition on the inside of a meander.

Answers

Answer:

The sideways movement occurs because the maximum velocity of the stream shifts toward the outside of the bend, causing erosion of the outer bank. At the same time the reduced current at the inside of the meander results in the deposition of coarse sediment, especially sand

gress.
Newton's third law of motion
Is the following statement true or false?
When a large truck pushes a small car with a given force, the small car is applying an equal and opposite
force on the truck.
Choose 1 answer:
True
False

Answers

Answer:

true

Explanation:

the small car also has gravity making it heavy

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