Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive condition caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene that alters Cl- and Na+ transport, leading to excesive mucus accumulation in aerial and digestive tracts.
What is Cystic fibrosis?Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive condition in which the mutation of a diallelic CFTR gene that codes for the channel CFTR protein (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) is responsible for the affection.
The CFTR protein expresses in the luminal portion of the secretory and absorptive epithelial membranes, and it is involved in Cl- and Na+ transport.
Given that defects in the CFTR protein take to a defective regulation in the Na+ channel, cystic fibrosis characterizes by alterations in electrolytes secretions and absorption. There are two significant physiopathological mechanisms:
1) altered Cl- secretion in submucous glands,
2) increased Na+ absorption and consequent electrolytes hyperabsorption in the superficial epithelium.
Patients with cystic fibrosis are incapable of increasing their secretory transport. On the contrary, the increased epithelial Na+ conductance and the altered permeability to Cl- and water lead to hyperabsorption in the patient epitheliums.
The superficial liquid layer in the aerial vias decreases, mucus is not released from mucous glands, and the mucociliary clearance is strongly altered in aerial vias. Mucus accumulates in the lungs, digestive tract, and other areas.
Most people have two copies of the normal allele (h0m0zyg0us dominant genotype)and produce the functional CFTR protein form.
Patients with cystic fibrosis have two copies of the mutated allele (h0m0zyg0us recessive genotype), producing the protein's mutated and dysfunctional form.
Heter0zyg0us people possess only one normal CFTR allele and a mutated form of the same gene. These alleles are codominant, meaning that noth of them are expressed. They can produce a normal protein and a mutated protein.
Given that the normal allele produces enough functional CFTR protein, these individuals do not have any adverse effects, and the mutated allele is recessive at a physiological level.
To sum up, Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive condition -not sex-linked- that causes the unfunctional form of the CFTR protein, and alters Cl- and Na+ transport. Consequently, there is an accumulation of mucus in the respiratory and digestive tract, among other organs, that might be lethal.
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Give the functions of the following parts of the respiratory system - Nostril - trachea - bronchiole - alveoli - pharynx - larynx - lungs - ribs - diaphragm
Answer:
Respiratory System: The respiratory system's main job is to move fresh air into your body while removing waste gases.
Nostril: To warm air on inhalation and remove moisture on exhalation.
trachea: Serves as passage for air, moistens and warms it while it passes into the lungs, and protects the respiratory surface from an accumulation of foreign particles.
bronchiole: To deliver air to a diffuse network of around 300 million alveoli in the lungs.
alveoli: To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules to and from the bloodstream during breathing.
pharynx: Helps the respiratory system by allowing air to make its way to the respiratory tract.
larynx: Produces vocal sounds and prevents the passage of food and other foreign particles into the lower respiratory tracts.
lungs: To help oxygen from the air we breathe enter the red cells in the blood.
ribs: To aid respiration and help protect the lungs.
diaphragm: Contracts and flattens when you inhale. Creates a vacuum effect that pulls air into the lungs, and relaxes when exhaling.
. El metabolismo consiste en la construcción y destrucción constante de la biomasa que compone a los seres vivos (cuerpo), para lo que requiere de energía, por lo tanto, para que un organismo se mantenga activo requiere, * 5 puntos a. Que el organismo descanse adecuadamente b. Se alimente adecuadamente c. El catabolismo y anabolismo se mantengan en equilibrio dinámico d. Consumir muchos carbohidratos
Answer:
express your answers in English
Why are scientific journals considered a superior resource compared to other sources of scientific information?
I NEED HELP
Scientific journals are regarded as more superior due to the fact that they are peer reviewed.
What this means is that before a scientific journal would be approved for publishing, it first has to be reviewed by some experts in that scientific field.
What these peers do is to Approve the journal, make suggestion to the work, or they can decide to reject the work if they find it unsatisfactory.
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Scientific journals are generally specialized for distinct academic fields or subdisciplines, and they are the most important way of communicating research findings.
However, Scientific information is concerned with the creation, gathering, categorization, retention, retrieval, interpretation, transmission, and usage of data.
The major difference is that Scientific journals are peer reviewed while scientific information are merely gathering of information.
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Which prediction is true based on this population pyramid?
The population is not growing.
The population is growing slowly.
The population is growing rapidly.
The population is declining.
How do simple organisms exchange substances?
Answer:
A simple, unicellular organism (consisting of one cell) can rely on diffusion to move substances into and out of the cell. Its surface area is large compared to its volume , so nutrients and other substances can pass quickly through the membrane and around its 'body'.
Dose anyone know the answer
Answer:
Anthracite is the answerConrad is studying for class. To remember the term _____, he uses the analogy of a thermostat in a house. For instance, when the temperature falls below the set point, the heat will turn on to correct the temperature. allostasis epistasis homeostasis biostasis
Answer:
Think its homeostasis
Explanation:
After phosphates and nitrates have entered a water
system, identify the correct steps of Eutrophication.
I. Oxygen levels drop
II. Underwater plants die
III. Fish and invertebrates die
IV. Algae grows rapidly
A. II, III, IV, I
B. IV, II, I, III
C. I, III, IV, II
D. III, II, I, IV
After phosphates and nitrates enter a water system, the steps of eutrophication include the rapid growth of algae, death of underwater plant species, depletion of oxygen in the water, and the death of fishes and invertebrates. The correct option would be B.
Eutrophication refers to the excessive enrichment of water bodies by nutrients such as phosphates and nitrates thereby facilitating the rapid growth of some aquatic species with negative effects.
Once a water body becomes excessively enriched with phosphates and nitrates, the following is a sequence of events that follows:
Algal bloom: the nutrients facilitate the rapid growth of algaeThe bloom of algal species results in the death of underwater plants as a result of inadequate light.The death of the underwater plants and the accompanying microbial activities in decomposing them cause oxygen levels in the water to drop.Reduction in oxygen level causes fishes and other water invertebrates to die due to hypoxiaTherefore, the correct steps of eutrophication according to the illustration is IV, II, I, and III.
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2) ¿Cuál de los siguientes hechos no es una evidencia de una reacción química? a) Presencia de un catalizador b) Cambio de color d) Liberación de gas
Answer:
a) Presencia de un catalizador
Explanation:
Los dos tipos de cambios que experimentan las sustancias en la química son cambios químicos y físicos.
Un cambio físico es un cambio es un cambio en el que la sustancia cambia en su apariencia o su forma de una manera que es reversible y en la que no se forma una nueva sustancia.
Un cambio químico es aquel en el que hay un cambio en las sustancias presentes y se forma una nueva sustancia.
La evidencia de que ha tenido lugar un cambio químico incluye
1) La formación de un precipitado a partir de la mezcla de sustancias.
2) Un cambio en el color de las sustancias.
3) Un cambio en el olfato (que desprende un olor) o en el sabor.
4) La sustancia produce luz (brilla)
5) El volumen total cambia
6) Cambio de temperatura (la mezcla se calienta o enfría)
Por lo tanto, la presencia de un catalizador, que es una sustancia que no participa en una reacción pero aumenta la velocidad de reacción, no es evidencia de una reacción química.
Which of the following questions would be answerable by science as it is written?
Does broccolli taste better than brussel sprouts??
Is Disney world the happiest place on earth?
All bees are dying due to pesticides?
w
Are clorox wipes effective at killing bacteria?
Answer: Are clorox wipes effective at killing bacteria?
Explanation: You must determine which of the questions can be fufilled using the scientific method. The first two questions are primarily opinion based. The question on Bee's is a possible answer although, it has many unexplained variables, and becuase of this, it's difficult to create a hypothesis around.
The term bycatch or incidental catch refers to ________. non-target species that are caught along with commercial species species harvested for industrial purposes species raised in aquaculture settings species caught as part of traditional fisheries krill and other shellfish
Answer:
The correct answer is ''non-target species that are caught along with commercial species''
Explanation:
Bycatch refers to bycatch organisms that are not targeted by the fishery. Occurs inadvertently in fishing gear, all fisheries have some unwanted bycatch. Species with little or no commercial value, juvenile stages, or discarded gravid females of the target species (s) are generally included here. These incidental catches can be marginal when fishing is carried out with selective or very substantial gear, when the gear used indiscriminately catches everything that comes along its route. In marine fisheries, it causes injury or death to mammals, birds, turtles, fish, elasmobranchs, and invertebrates.
How Can I Explain Why A Theory Is Also A Hypothesis?
Answer:
well a hypothesis is literally a scientific assumption or theory used to describe what they think is going to happen during a experiment
suggest TWO reasons why fewer birds and other small animals can survive in the areas left after trees have been cut down
Answer:
One is that they migrate to more fertile places.
Second, some animals may die because they can't stand the conditions of treelessness. But some animals can survive. because of adaptation
Explanation:
Removal of trees and other types of vegetation can reduce the availability of food, shelter and breeding habitat
What is Deforestation?Deforestation also known as forest clearance is defined as the removal of forest or stands of trees from land that is converted to non-forest use in which forest land is converted into farms, ranches or urban may involve converting to use. The most concentrated deforestation occurs in tropical rainforests.
It occurs when humans remove or thin forests for timber or use land where trees stand for crops, grazing, extraction such as mining, oil, or gas, or as populations grow and people move. Development takes place in the form of migration.
Wildlife habitats are fragmented due to deforestation, where native species have to live on remaining habitat islands that are surrounded by disturbed land being used for agriculture and other uses.
Thus, removal of trees and other types of vegetation can reduce the availability of food, shelter and breeding habitat
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¿Cuál es la importancia de la colonización de habitad para la ecología?
Answer:
i dont speak spanish so ya but thanks for the points
Explanation:
urgent please answer
Binary Fission and Mitosis are similar processes. One way they are different is that: A. In Binary Fission, the DNA does not form into chromosomes. B. They both split by growing a new cell wall. C. In Mitosis, the DNA does not form into chromosomes. O D. Binary Fission only occurs in Eukaryotes.
Answer:
C. In Mitosis, the DNA does not form into chromosomes
How did Alexander Fleming's research solve a societal problem?
• He developed ways to treat inherited diseases.
• He advocated for
regular hand washing to kill germs.
• He discovered a new
type of medicine that could treat infections.
• He discovered the cause of mad cow disease,
an emerging disease.
He discovered a new type of medicine that could treat infections.
He discovered the 1st antibiotic (penicillin).
The following illustration shows a food web for a kelp forest off of the coast of California. What do you predict would happen to the kelp population if the sea otter population declined?
The kelp population would decrease: sea otters eat urchins, and urchins eat kelp.
The kelp population would increase: sea otters eat urchins, but not exclusively.
The kelp population would remain unchanged; sea otters do not eat the kelp.
The kelp population would remain unchanged: sea otters eat urchins, but not exclusively.
Answer:
The kelp population would decrease: sea otters eat urchins, and urchins eat kelp.
Explanation:
The diagrammatic illustration in this question is showing a food web made up of a variety of species feeding on one another. As shown in the food web, sea otters are one of the top predators that can eat a wide variety of organisms.
Sea urchins feed directly on kelp, however, the population of sea urchins can be controlled by sea otters which feed on sea urchins. Hence, if population of sea otters declined, more sea urchins will be available to feed on the kelp population, hence, will DECREASE.
Answer:The kelp population would decrease: sea otters eat urchins, and urchins eat kelp.
Because the otter population decreases the urchin population increases and therefore the demand for kelp increases and the kelp population will decrease as the population of urchins increases and it feeds on the kelp and due to the reduction in otters there is nothing controlling the urchin population
Explanation: Took the test got it correct
PLEASE HELP MAX POINTS
04.05 MC) What type of energy transformation takes place when carbon is cyded during cellular respiration?
Select one:
a. Chemical energy to chemical energy
b. Chemical energy to electrical energy *
c. Mechanical energy to chemical energy
d. Mechanical energy to mechanical energy
Answer:
A) Chemical energy to chemical energy.
•••••••••••••••••••••
OAmalOHopeO
Answer:
Option A
Explanation:
cellular respiration happens in living species not machines .
Our bodies doesn't contain or produce electricity .
Hence chemical energy is converted only into chemical energy
Option A
Does cellular respiration follow the law of conservation of energy?
Yes. Every chemical reaction obeys the law of conservation of mass.
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A specimane collection helps a scientsist do research by:
A. Asembling a large number of sample comparisons
B.providing a way to afford even the most expensive equpment
C.creating a realistic depiction of an imaginary undersea world
D.summerizing the results of an other scientists investigations
Answer A:
Explanation:
What process occurs during cellular development as the cell changes into a specific type of cell with specialized functions?
A. Binary Fission
B. Fusion
C. Differentiation
D. Meiosis
Answer: The answer is C which is differentiation
Which is a molecule found in the body?
O urethra
O nutrients
O atoms
O water
Answer:
water
Explanation:
Answer:
Water
Explanation:
Kể tên các biện pháp đấu tranh sinh học. Cho ví dụ. Biện pháp đấu tranh sinh học có những ưu điểm gì?
Answer:
means translate in English . if I can help I will.
In a separate maddyase experiment using (Et)-10nM, the reaction velocity is measured as 3uMS. What is the substrate concentration used in the experiment
Answer: hello your question has some missing data attached below is the missing data
Applying the Michaelis-Menten Equation
An enzyme is found that catalyzes the reaction X ⇋ Y Researchers find that kcat for this enzyme is 600s^-1 and carry out several additional experiments.
answer :
substrate concentration [ x ] = 10⁻⁵ M
Explanation:
Given data:
[Et ] = 10 * 10⁻⁹ M ,
Reaction velocity ( V₀ ) = 3* 10⁻⁶ Ms⁻¹
applying Michaelis-Menten Equation
= 3* 10⁻⁶ = [tex]\frac{600 *10*10^{-9} * (X) }{10^{-5} + (X) }[/tex] ,
= ( 3 * 10⁻⁶ )( x ) + ( 3 * 10⁻¹¹ ) = ( 6 * 10⁻⁶ ) ( x )
hence the substrate concentration [ x ] = 10⁻⁵ M
Which best illustrates the result of the process of meiosis?
A pea plant has the same flower color as its parent plants.
A daughter looks different from both her mother and her father.
A cheetah cub has very similar fur to its mother.
A Labrador puppy looks exactly like its father.
Answer:
B. A daughter looks different from both her mother and her father.
Explanation:
A daughter looking different from both her mother and father illustrates the process of meiosis because the cells produced are non-identical to the original cells.
Answer:
B) A daughter looks different from both her mother and her father.
Explanation:
100% on Edge
1）Fishing boats have decreased the number of herring in the sea. Explain why that could affect the number of offspring puffins can raise.
2） Which animals have a bigger food supply now there are fewer herrings?
3） Global warming is expected to reduce the biomass of phytoplankton in the oceans. What effect will that have on the rest of the food web?
Explanation:
1) When the number of herrings decrease, the food available for the puffins decrease and therefore they will not be able to feed their offspring. This will cause the number of offspring to decrease.
2) Any other animal(s) which hunts and eats the same prey as a herring will now have a bigger food supply.
3) When the biomass of phytoplankton decrease, the next animal in the food web will not have any food and their numbers will decrease, decreasing the number of the animals next in the web, as they too lose their food. This will continue for the rest of the food web and the number of animals will decrease.
¿Qué proceso debe realizar un organismo para perpetuarse a través del tiempo?
Answer:
evolución
Explanation:
The Paleo-Indian skull of Kennewick Man, dated to 8,400 years B.P. is long and narrow; the face and jaws are robust, is an anatomical difference with late prehistoric and living Native Americans that have short, round skulls with gracile faces. In what state of the USA was Kennewick Man located
Answer:
Washington, near Seattle
Explanation:
Found in 1996 in Columbia park at the bottom of the Columbia River
This is land currently owned by the US Army Corps of Engineers
Match the following STDs with their descriptions. 1. can cause sores, rashes, dementia, or blindness gonorrhea 2. can cause burning urination and infertility chlamydia 3. similar to gonorrhea but more likely to be carried unknowingly syphilis 4. parasitic STD causing genital irritation and mild discharge 5 crabs 5. pubic lice that cause itching trichomoniasis 6. untreatable STD causing periodic outbreaks of blisters 1 HPV 7. can cause genital warts or cervical cancer 6 genital herpes
Answer:
1. Syphilis
2. Gonorrhea
3. Chlamydia
4. Trichomoniasis
5. Crabs
6. Genital herpes
7. HPV
Explanation:
STD is an acronym for sexually transmitted disease and it can be defined as diseases that are easily transmissible or contractable from another person through sexual intercourse. Thus, STD spread from an infected person to an uninfected person while engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse. Some examples of STDs are gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, HIV, HPV, etc.
Generally, contracting STDs has a detrimental effect to a patient because it causes an opening (break) or sore in the body of the carrier (patient) and as such making them vulnerable to diseases that are spread through bodily fluids e.g human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis, staphylococcus, AIDS, etc.
1. Syphilis: can cause sores, rashes, dementia, or blindness.
2. Gonorrhea: can cause burning urination and infertility
3. Chlamydia: similar to gonorrhea but more likely to be carried unknowingly
4. Trichomoniasis: parasitic STD causing genital irritation and mild discharge.
5. Crabs: pubic lice that cause itching.
6. Genital herpes: untreatable STD causing periodic outbreaks of blisters
7. HPV: can cause genital warts or cervical cancer. HPV is an abbreviation for human papillomavirus and it's a virus that causes most common sexually transmitted infection, giving rise to skin or mucous membrane growths (warts).
Answer:
1) syphilis
2) gonorrhea
3) chlamydia
4) trichomoniasis
5) crabs
6) genital herpes
7) HPV
