Fibroblasts can be placed on thin sheets of silicone rubber. Under normal circumstances, fibroblasts exert sufficient tension on the rubber so that it visibly wrinkles. Explain how the ability of fibroblasts to wrinkle rubber would change if the cells were treated with a permeable form of C3 transferase, a toxin (from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum) that covalently modifies an amino acid in Rho. The modification renders Rho unable to bind to proteins that it would normally bind to when active.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

C3 transferase decreases Rho activity and contractility by decreasing the number of stress fibers and thus also reducing wrinkles

Explanation:

Rho protein is a small GTPase, i.e., an enzyme that binds GTP to hydrolyze it to GDP, which is known to mediate the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesion. Rho protein is involved in diverse cellular functions including, among others, adhesion, motility, and division by reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. The bacterial toxin C3 transferase derived from Clostridium botulinum is able to lock Rho in an inactive state. C3 transferase adds an ADP-ribose to Rho, thereby leading to the accumulation of a Rho-guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) complex in the cytoplasm. In consequence, C3 transferase functions to decrease contractility by blocking Rho activity, decreasing the number of stress fibers and leading to a reduction in wrinkles.


Related Questions

help pls il give brailist if correct

Answers

Answer:

I believe that the answer is A.

Explanation:

This option makes the most sense because of the industrial and agricultural revolutions.

Gonorrhea and Antibiotic Resistance
The CDC has categorized several infectious agents based on the seriousness of their antibiotic resistance. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea, is one of several agents in the "Urgent Threat" category. Gonorrhea is also the second most common reportable disease in the United States. This makes gonorrhea a significant public health concern. Please locate this article through an online search engine: Kirkcaldy RD, Harvey A Papp JR. et al. Neisseria gonorrhoeae Antimicrobial Susceptibility Surveillance - The Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project, 27 Sites United States. 2014. MMWR Surveill Summ 2016;65/No SS-7):1-19. DOI: http://dx.dol.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6507at. Read the article thoroughly, and then answer these questions about the agent of gonorrhea and its potential for antibiotic resistance. eBook erences
Select all of the characteristics below that apply to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. (NOTE: Please change all question marks to checkmarks for correct answers or empty boxes for incorrect answers.)
a. It is a virus.
b. It usually affects the urogenital system but may also affect the eyes.
c. It is a gram-positive bacterium.
d. It must be grown on selective and enriched media.
e. It is gram-negative bacterium.
f. It can cause asymptomatic infections.
g. It usually affects the nervous system.
h. It is a yeast.

Answers

Answer:

b. It usually affects the urogenital system but may also affect the eyes.

e. It is gram-negative bacterium.

d. It must be grown on selective and enriched media.

g. It usually affects the nervous system.

f. It can cause asymptomatic infections.

Explanation:

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram negative bacteria known to cause the sexually transmitted infection called Gonorrhea. Gonorrhea is easily treated with antibiotics, as long as the patient seeks early care and discovers the disease early on, as it can be asymptomatic, especially in women. When left untreated, Neisseria gonorrhoeae can infect the nervous system, causing many problems and even leading to death.

Despite being known to attack the urogenital system, this bacteria can attack the eyes generating gonococcal conjunctivitis, which is also sexually transmitted.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a fastidious bacteria, which means that it only grows in specific, selective and enriched culture media.

Which of the following is an example of planning for the future to avoid environmen damage?

A. Creating a landfill

B. Cleaning up an oil spill

C. Mining aluminum from the earth’s crust

D. Evaluating potential effects of development

Answers

Answer:

B is the answer

cleaning up an oil spill

B, cleaning an oil spill.
Oil spilling can cause pollution so cleaning it up can help prevent that

How did black leaders and abolitionists embody the democratic principles and ideals of liberty and equality in their actions?

Answers

The Civil Rights Movement did not suddenly appear out of nowhere in the twentieth century. Efforts to improve the quality of life for African Americans are as old as the United States. By the time of the American Revolution in the late eighteenth century, abolitionists were already working to eliminate racial injustice and bring an end to the institution of slavery

A researcher is comparing amino acid sequences
for the protein hemoglobin from several primate
species. What does the degree of similarity in
sequences among the primate species indicate
about these species?
A.
how closely related they are
B.
how frequently they interbreed
C.
how rapidly they can evolve in the future
D. how efficient their circulatory systems are

Answers

The answer is gonna be B how frequently they interbreed

Identify the existence of Neutrons.

Answers

The atomic number (the number of protons) did not equal the atomic weight.

calculate the kinetic energy of a dodgeball that has a mass of 2 kg and velocity of 4 m/s after being thrown

Answers

Answer:

Kinetic energy of dodgeball = 16 kg-m/s

Explanation:

Given:

Mass of dodgeball = 2 kg

Velocity of dodgeball = 4 m/s

Find:

Kinetic energy of dodgeball

Computation:

Kinetic energy = (1/2)(m)(v²)

Kinetic energy of dodgeball = (1/2)(Mass of dodgeball)(Velocity of dodgeball²)

Kinetic energy of dodgeball = (1/2)(2)(4²)

Kinetic energy of dodgeball = (1/2)(2)(16)

Kinetic energy of dodgeball = (32/2)

Kinetic energy of dodgeball = 16 kg-m/s

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
-the wings of red-tailed hawks
-the hind limbs of a house cat
-the fins of a shark
-Wisdom teeth in humans

Answers

Answer:

the wings of a red tailed hawks

what gene combination will have 50% chance of occurring if two heterozygous black and chickens are mated 
please answer!!

Answers

It will be the one with capital and lowercase for example you will get (using Hh alleles for example)

(HH, Hh, Hh, hh)

So it will be the 2nd and 3rd combo, the heterozygous dominant it will have one dominant allele and one recessive

At which position is the northern hemisphere experiencing spring?

Point A
Point B
Point C
Point D



Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

How can the application of insecticides and herbicides affect an individual’s health? a. Insecticides and herbicides can potentially contaminate foods. b. Insecticides and herbicides increase the disease rate of agricultural plants. c. The application of herbicides and pesticides reduces the vitamin content of crops. d. Herbicides and insecticides increase the health value of crops by adding necessary nutrients.

Answers

Answer: A. Insecticides and herbicides can potentially contaminate foods.

Answer:

the answer is A

Explanation:

edge 2021

74. As layer upon layer of sediments are deposited, the process of the presses them
together.

Answers

Answer:

GO GET BOY

Explanation:

Cyanobacteria can cluster together into colonies called _______, with some discovered in Western Australia that are 3.5 billion years old. Cyanobacteria produce oxygen and convert sunlight to energy using _______. Plants and arthropods didn't make the transition to land until near the end of the _______ Period. Diverse multicellular eukaryotes didn't appear until the _______ period. A large multicellular eukaryote requires more _______ to survive than a single-cell eukaryote. Respond to the following based on your reading. Describe the biological chemical processes that were responsible for producing oxygen in Earth's atmosphere, eventually leading to the Cambrian Explosion. Explain the importance of oxygen in the evolution of large multicellular animal life.

Answers

Answer:

1.) stromatolites

2.) photosynthesis

3.) Ordovician

4.) Cambrian

5.) oxygen

6.) As Earth cooled, carbon dioxide dissolved in the early ocean. Cyanobacteria consumed carbon dioxide and converted it to oxygen. Methane was removed from the atmosphere as oxygen was produced, eventually leading to the Cambrian Explosion.

7.) Metabolic processes that use oxygen produce more energy than anaerobic metabolism. Simple diffusion of oxygen would limit the size of a multicellular eukaryote, but animals evolved ways to transport oxygen to their tissues, which permitted an increase in size.

Explanation:

From Penn

Answer:

1. stromatolites  

2. photosynthesis  

3. Ordovician  

4. Cambrian  

5. oxygen  

6. As Earth cooled, carbon dioxide dissolved in the early ocean. Cyanobacteria consumed carbon dioxide and converted it to oxygen. Methane was removed from the atmosphere as oxygen was produced, eventually leading to the Cambrian Explosion.  

7. Metabolic processes that use oxygen produce more energy than anaerobic metabolism. Simple diffusion of oxygen would limit the size of a multicellular eukaryote, but animals evolved ways to transport oxygen to their tissues, which permitted an increase in size.

Explanation:

Just did it on Penn Foster

Give a scenario in which a new ecosystem would be created

Answers

global warming. if the world pollutes too a certain level of extreme , a new ecosystem would do some good

Help me with the vital signs and diagnostic signs and past medical history and patient history what is the answer for them according to the case pls help Help pls need it fast

Answers

Answer:

No.

Explanation:

Which consequence is a direct result of human population growth

Answers

Answer:

One of the largest environmental effects of human population growth is the problem of Global warming.

Economic development, urbanization, energy consumption, transportation/motorization due to rapid population growth are major driving forces of air pollution in large cities.

In order to support the growing population, forests are being destroyed at an alarming rate. Deforestation occurs when humans clear forests to use the land either for agriculture or for habitation. This leads to soil erosion and the extinction of plant species. Land animals also decline in numbers and even face extinction due to human expansion that encroaches on their natural habitat and limits their ability to spread geographically.

Humans also continue to put a great demand on the natural resources of our planet. Many non-renewable resources are being depleted due to the unrestrained use of fuel and energy. Many parts of the world also suffer from a shortage of food and water.

The growth of the population puts larger demands on our already limited resources. The environment on earth is suffering from the growth of the global population. The depletion of resources and biodiversity, the production of waste, and the destroying of natural habitat are serious problems.

Explanation:

sorry it is so long but here u go plz leave a like and a rating and brainliest

The direct result of human population growth include consequences such

as pollution.

Increase in human population has led to an increase in industries and

use of automobiles which emits different gases which are harmful. They

deplete the ozone layer and cause global warming with incidences of

sunburns while others cause respiratory diseases such as asthma etc.

it has also resulted in overcrowding and reduced fresh oxygen due the

structures for different purposes.

Read more on https://brainly.com/question/24717650

please help!!! i’ll mark as brainliest!! what is the type of system where a furnace burns fuel and heats air?

a. radiation system
b. forced - heat - system
c. conduction system
d. forced - air - system

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

carbon is used as fuel and heats the furnace

Leigh's disease is a mitochondrially inherited disease with symptoms that include seizures, fatigue, impaired reflexes, breathing problems, and ataxia. The pedigree shows the presence of Leigh's disease in three generations. Individual 4 had two daughters and one son, and individual 6 had one daughter and two sons. Which of the individuals indicated are affected by Leigh's disease

Answers

About the question:

You will find the pedigree in the attached files

Answer:

individual 4 → Affected woman → Black circleindividual 5 → Affected woman or man → Black circle or squareindividual 7 → Healthy woman → Empty circleindividual 10 → Affected boy → Black Square

Explanation:      

Mitochondrial inheritance is the transmission of a disease or a trait from the maternal line.

Most of the DNI is in the nucleus, but there is also DNI in mitochondria. Sperm cells hardly transfer mitochondrial genes to the progeny, so mitochondrial DNI is mostly inherited from the maternal side. If there exists any mutation in this mitochondrial DNI, the whole progeny of the mutated woman will be affected, as they will get the mother genotype carrying the mutation. On the contrary, if an affected man is carrying a mutation in mitochondrial DNI, non of their descendants will get the disease.

Before answering the question, let us remember the pedigree symbols.

Squares represent Males/Men Circles represent Females/WomenEmpty symbols represent healthy/non-affected individualsSolid black symbols represent sick/affected individuals

In the exposed pedigree, we can see that the mother is affected by the disease (individual number 2), so all her children are also affected (individuals 4, 5, and 6) because the disease is mitochondrially inherited.

Individual 3 is a healthy man, so individual 4 must be an affected woman (Black circle). As she is the one affected, then all her children will also be affected. This couple had one boy and two girls. Individuals 8 and 9 are girls (circle), so individual 10 must be the affected boy (black square).  

On the other hand, individual 6 is an affected man (black square), son of individuals 1 and 2. This man couples with a woman, and they have all healthy children. So this woman (individual 7) must be healthy. Even though the man is affected, all their children are not because their mother (7) is not. Remember that sperm cells do not transmit the mitochondrial genes to the progeny.      

And finally, individual number 5 might be either a man or a woman. In any case, this person is also affected by Leigh's disease.  

This category of endangerment occurs when organisms are still abundant in its natural range, but declining in numbers:

A. Endangered species
B. Threatened species
C. Invasive species
D. Endemic species
E. Red list species

Answers

The answer to the question is B

Should humans use synthetic materials that have natural material that is the same chemically? PLZ I NEED THIS NOW

Answers

Answer:

It Depends . Like Some People Use Fake Skin For Tattoos , Made To Practice Stitches , Or Injections .. It Just Really Depends On What You Are Doing If This Helps ..

List 4 significant problems with nuclear power plants.

Answers

Answer:

Risk of a Meltdown, Weapons Proliferation Risk, Cost, Nuclear Waste

Explanation:

Answer:

According to the article https://www.leonardodicaprio.org/the-7-reasons-why-nuclear-energy-is-not-the-answer-to-solve-climate-change/ there are 7 problems so pick your favorites I guess

1) It takes a very long time to go from from planning to operation

2) The cost

3) Weapon Proliferation risk

4) Meltdown risk

5) Mining leads to lung cancer

6) Miscalculations of CO2 equivalences

7) Radioactive waste

A student made a table to show information about the physical structures and organs of birds. What statement best describes how to correct an error in the table?

A. The feathers support the body.
B. The feathers help the bird move.
C. The ovaries produce the eggs.
D. The ovaries produce the sperm.

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

i go to flvs too, also, good luck on FSA

A student made a table to show information about the physical structures and organs of birds. The statement which best describes how to correct an error in the table is the ovaries produce the eggs. The correct option is C.

What are the physical structures and organs of birds?

Birds are the warm-blooded animals. Their forelimbs are generally modified into wings. They have a well-developed flight muscles which help during the flight of bird. Their hind limbs are adapted for the purpose of walking, hopping, perching, grasping, wading and swimming.

The ovaries produce the eggs. The ovaries are responsible for producing eggs in birds. Therefore, if there is an error in the table that incorrectly identifies the function of the ovaries, it is important to correct it by stating that the ovaries produce the eggs.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

Learn more about Birds here:

https://brainly.com/question/27485869
#SPJ3

The picture below shows the energy flow through a meadow community.

Hurry!!!

Which of the following would most likely occur to the populations of the community immediately after a wildfire burns the environment?

Group of answer choices

Hawks and foxes would increase

Hawks would increase and foxes would decrease

Meadow plants would increase and rabbits would decrease

Meadow plants and rabbits would decrease

Answers

I think meadow plants & rabbits would decrease. It would take awhile before the plants would regrow & the rabbits would lose their food supply from their habitat, which effects the rabbits population.


PLEASE HELP !! ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST *EXTRA 40 POINTS* DONT SKIP :(( .!

Answers

Answer: a

Explanation:

Answer:

d

Explanation:

D is the only option where she can actually moniter the ecosystem

Plz help me well mark brainliest if you are correct!

Answers

Answer:

A(i think)

Explanation:

Earth is a satellite because it moves around the sun. The moon is a satellite because it moves around Earth. Earth and the moon are called "natural" satellites. ... These machines are launched into space and orbit Earth or another body in space.

True or False?

The cuticle scales of the hair
always point toward the follicle

Answers

Answer:

The cuticle is a transparent outer layer of the hair shaft. It is made of scales that overlap one another and protect the inner layers of the hair (Figure 3-4). The scales point from the proximal end of the hair, which is closest to the scalp, to the distal end, which is far- thest from the scalp

Explanation:

What might be limiting resource for sharks in their ecosystem

Answers

Answer:

Sharks keep ocean ecosystems in balance

Sharks limit the abundance of their prey, which then affects the prey of those animals, and so on throughout the food web. Because sharks directly or indirectly affect all levels of the food web, they help to maintain structure in healthy ocean ecosystems. HOPE THIS HELPS!!!!!!!!

Explanation:

Describe the stages of invasion up to and including the spread stage. Also, include one barrier to could make
an invasion fail and briefly describe it.

Answers

Answer:

Introduction, naturalization, colonization, and dispersal or spreading.

Explanation:

There are four main stages of invasion i.e. introduction, naturalization, colonization, and dispersal or spreading. In the first stage, the specie is introduced in the environment, in the second stage the specie adopt the environment, in the third stage the specie started growth and make colonies to increase its population and in the last stage the specie disperse in the environment through different means and spreading of that organism occur. The failing of adaptation to the environmental conditions leads to the failing of invasion of a specie.

Does The translation between mRNA and amino acids is the same for all living things support the theory of evolution

Answers

Answer:

the translation between mRNA and amino acids are the same for all living sells. for example the mRNA codon CAG codes for glutamine in all living cells

HELP ASAP!! In angiosperms, reproduction takes place in
A-cones ,
B-pollen.
C-flowers.
D-leaves.

Answers

Answer:

i think ur answer B.)

Explanation:

sorry if wrong

hope this helps

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