Answer:
Direct labor budget by quarters for the 6 months ending June 30, 2017
Quarter 1 Quarter 2
Expected Production (units) 5,230 6,100
Hours required per unit 2.0 2.0
Total Expected Hours 10,460 12,200
Cost per Hour $15 $15
Total Cost $156,900 $183,000
Explanation:
Total Expected Cost = Total Expected Hours × Total Cost per Hour
Often management is "under the gun" and want to solve problems and meet deliverables before logically assessing the situation. This problem is related to:________
a. Odecisive leadership
b. stakeholder framing.
c. misguided leadership
d. perceptual defense
e. identifying opportunities.
Answer:
decisive leadership
Explanation:
Decisive leadership is the leadership in which the leaders have to decide quickly for a particular thing. It is basically a capability for deciding with the speed and clarity of the things happen.
Also the quick decision result in a bad situation without knowing the impact of that decision
Therefore according to the given scenario, the "under the gun" represents the decisive leadership
A sales tax of $1 per unit of output is placed on one firm whose current equilibrium price is $5 and current equilibrium quantity is 100 units. If you know that the elasticity of demand is -1 and the elasticity of supply is (infinity), then after the tax:
a. pb=6, ps=5, and QT=unknown but less than 100
b. pb=4, ps=5, and QT=unknown but less than 100
c. pb=6, ps=5, and QT=100
d. pb=4, ps=5, and QT=100
Answer:
B
Explanation:
B is the correct answer
Job Searching in the Digital Age(Part II) Which of the following are job boards?
A. Open Post
B. College Grad
C. Big Careers
Users of ________ are increasingly using the sites to prospect for jobs.
Which of the following is an advantage to using networks and referral in the hidden job market?
A. Between 50 and 80 percent of all jobs are found there
B. Since there are fewer jobs in the hidden job market, a more targeted search can be conducted
C. It includes all jobs posted on job boards
Which of the following is an example of a way to search for jobs on the open job market?
A. Newspapers
B. Social networks
C. Personal networking
D. Referrals
E. Job boards
Which of the following will help protect you when posting to online job boards?
A. Include references
B. Only use sites where you publicly post
C. Only use sites where you pay to post
D. Remove your posted résumés when your job search is over
Answer and Explanation:
1. B. College Grad: college grad is a job board used by millions for their job search. Other popular job boards include: Monster, Indeed and career builder
2. Social networking:social networking sites are increasingly used today in job search. A popular example is LinkedIn which is used for professional connections and networking.
3. B. Since there are fewer jobs in the hidden job market, a more targeted search can be conducted : the hidden job market consisting of personal networking and referrals has fewer jobs but is very effective in selecting the right people for a job
4.A. Newspapers E. Job boards: open job markets consist Jon's listed publicly in newspapers, Jon boards and websites for all qualified candidates to apply. It is different from the hidden job market which is usually referral based such as in personal network and social network, former colleagues or former schoolmates and alumni groups.
5. D. Remove your posted résumés when your job search is over: use reputable sites in your job search and don't post private data. Don't jump on every job post. Endeavor to remove your resume from the site when your search is over
The ______ rate of interest is the actual rate charged by the supplier and paid by the demander of fund
Answer:
nominal
Explanation:
There is a nominal rate that is the interest rate stated on a loan without taking into account the inflation or the compounding of interests and a real rate that is the one that is adjusted to reflect the real cost of the loan to the borrower. According to this, the answer is that the nominal rate of interest is the actual rate charged by the supplier and paid by the demander of fund because this is the rate that is stated when taking a loan.
Hudson Co. reports the contribution margin income statement for 2015. Assume sales remain constant at 10.000 units.HUDSON CO. Contribution Margin Income Statement For Year Ended December 31, 2015Sales (10,000 units at $244 each) $2,440,000Variable costs (10,000 units at $195 each) 1,950,000Contribution margin 490,000Fixed costs 327,600Pretax Income $162,400Assume the company is considering investing in a new machine that will increase its fixed costs by $37,000 per year and decrease its variable costs by $8 per unit. Required:Prepare a forecasted contribution margin income statement for 2018 assuming the company purchases this machine.
Answer:
Results are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Selling price= $244
Unitary variable cost= 195 - 8= $187
Fixed costs= 327,600 + 37,000= $364,600
We need to determine the new pre-tax income:
Sales= 244*10,000= 2,440,000
Total variable cost= 187*10,000= (1,870,000)
Total contribution margin= 570,000
Fixed costs= (364,600)
Pre-tax income= 205,400
Lead time for one of your fastest-moving products is 24 days. Demand during this period averages 110 units per day. a) What would be an appropriate reorder point? nothing units (enter your response as a whole number). b) How does your answer change if demand during lead time doubles? nothing units (enter your response as a whole number). c) How does your answer change if demand during lead time drops in half? nothing units (enter your response as a whole number).
Answer:
a.) reorder point = 2,640 units
b.) reorder point = 5,280 units (reorder point doubles)
c.) reorder point = 1,320 units (reorder point drops in half)
Explanation:
Reorder point is the inventory level (point) at which action is taken (order placed) to replenish the stocked item. It is calculated as follows:
Reorder point = (Lead time × average daily sales) + safety stock
Lead time = 24 days
average daily sales = 110 units
safety stock = 0 (not given)
a.) reorder point = (Lead time × average daily sales) + safety stock
reorder point = (24 × 110) + 0 = 2,640 units
b.) if demand during lead time doubles:
lead time = 24 days
average daily sales = (110 × 2) = 220
∴ reorder point = 220 × 24 = 5,280 units
Therefore the reorder point doubles
c.) if demand during lead time drops in half:
lead time = 24 days
average daily demand = (110 ÷ 2) = 55 units
∴ reorder point = 24 × 55 = 1,320 units
Therefore the reorder point drops in half.
Downtown Bancshares has 40,000 shares of $8 par common stock outstanding. Suppose Downtown declares and distributes a 16% stock dividend when the market value of its stock is $20 per share.
1. Journalize Downtown's declaration and distribution of the stock dividend on May 11. An explanation is not required.
2. What was the overall effect of the stock dividend on Downtown's total assets? On total liabilities?
Answer and Explanation:
1. The journal entry is shown below:
Retained earnings Dr (40,000 shares × 16% × $20) $128,000
To Common stock (40,000 shares × 16% × $8) $51,200
To Paid in capital in excess of par value - common stock $76,800
(Being the declaration and the stock distribution is recorded)
2. Since the retained earnings is debited which reduced the equity by $128,000 but at the same time it also increased the equity via common stock and paid in capital by $128,000 so the overall effect should be NIL or zero
Also the assets and liabilities remains unaffected
The operating margin measures tells you that for every dollar of sales XXXX dollars makes it to the net income line on the income statement.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
A. True
Explanation:
The Operating Margin is the profit obtained for every dollar of sale and this is the sames as saying a certain amount of sales makes it to the net income line on the income statement.
The Digby company will continue to train their existing workforce at their current level to help reduce turnover and improve productivity next year. Employee training costs have increased to $30 per hour. How much would their training costs per employee be to the nearest dollar
Answer:
$1,200
Explanation:
Data provided
Number of training hours = 40
Per unit cost = $30 per hour
According to the given situation, the computation of training costs per employee is shown below:-
Total cost = Number of hours × Per unit cost
= 40 × $30
= $1,200
Therefore for computing the training costs per employee we simply applied the above formula.
Answer:
$1200
Explanation:
The training cost per hour is $30 and if we see below in the Human Resources Summary, we can see that Digby Training Hours are 40 Hours.
This implies that:
Total Training Cost = 40 Hours * $30 per hour = $1200
In most cases, whether the contract has not yet been performed (an executory contract) or has been fully performed (an executed contract), the minor may ________ the contract
Answer: disaffirm
Explanation:
most cases, whether the contract has not yet been performed (an executory contract) or has been fully performed (an executed contract), the minor may disaffirm the contract.
It should be noted that a contract that is signed by a minor unless in some rare exceptions is normally void and therefore, the minor can disaffirm the contract.
CAP stands for:________.
a. Change Acceleration Process
b. Continous Acceleration Process
c. Continous Action Process
d. Change Acceleration Project
e. None of the above
Answer: Change Acceleration Process
Explanation:
Change Acceleration Processes is defined as change management tools which are being utilized by an organization in order to make the changes applied to an effort quicker on order to achieve a goal.
It can also be defined as the set of tools and principles that are designed to make organizational change successful.
Item9 2 points Time Remaining 2 hours 55 minutes 49 seconds02:55:49 eBookItem 9Item 9 2 points Time Remaining 2 hours 55 minutes 49 seconds02:55:49 TB MC Qu. 6-143 Keyser Corporation, which has... Keyser Corporation, which has only one product, has provided the following data concerning its most recent month of operations: Selling price $ 118 Units in beginning inventory 400 Units produced 2,100 Units sold 2,300 Units in ending inventory 200 Variable costs per unit: Direct materials $ 37 Direct labor $ 23 Variable manufacturing overhead $ 3 Variable selling and administrative expense $ 5 Fixed costs: Fixed manufacturing overhead $ 73,500 Fixed selling and administrative expense $ 29,900 The company produces the same number of units every month, although the sales in units vary from month to month. The company's variable costs per unit and total fixed costs have been constant from month to month. What is the net operating income for the month under variable costing?
Answer:
Results are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Selling price $118
Units sold 2,300
Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials $37
Direct labor $23
Variable manufacturing overhead $3
Variable selling and administrative expense $5
First, we need to determine the total unitary variable cost:
Unitary variable cost= 37 + 23 + 3 + 5=$68
Variable cost income statement:
Sales= 2,300*118= 271,400
Total variable cost= 68*2,300= (156,400)
Total contribution margin= 115,000
Fixed manufacturing overhead= (73,500)
Fixed selling and administrative expense= (29,900)
Net operating income= 11,600
Given a stock index with a value of $1,200, an anticipated dividend of $45, and a risk-free rate of 6%, what should be the value of one futures contract on the index
Answer: $1,227
Explanation:
The value of the futures contract should be calculated by the formula;
= Stock Index Value * ( 1 + risk free rate ) - dividends
= 1,200 * ( 1 + 0.06) - 45
= $1,227
You have an annuity which pays $1,200 every two years. The first payment is two years from now and the last payment is ten years from now. You can trade that annuity for another annuity of equivalent present value, which pays $180 per quarter starting today. The interest rate for both annuities is 4% per annum convertible quarterly. If you took the second annuity, how many quarterly payments would you receive? The last payment may be less than $180 but not more than $180.
Answer:
31 payments
Explanation:
the present value of the first annuity is:
$1,200 / (1 + 1%)⁸ + $1,200 / (1 + 1%)¹⁶ + $1,200 / (1 + 1%)²⁴ + $1,200 / (1 + 1%)³² + $1,200 / (1 + 1%)⁴⁰ = $1,108.18 + $1,023.39 + $945.08 + $872.76 + $805.98 = $4,755.39
to determine the length of the second annuity:
PV = annuity payment x annuity factor
annuity factor = PV / annuity payment = $4,755.39 / $180 = 26.4188333
using an annuity table we must look for a present value annuity factor that corresponds to 1% interest rate and is close to 26.4188333
the annuity factor is between 30 and 31 payments. Since the final payment has to be less or equal to $180, we have to choose 31 payments.
At the end of the current accounting period, account balances were as follows: Cash, $26,000; Accounts Receivable, $42,000; Common Stock, $18,000; Retained Earnings, $12,000. Liabilities for the period were:
Answer: Liabilities =$38,000
Explanation: An asset whether tangible or intangible is a source of value to a company examples are Cash, investments, accounts receivables etc
Liabilities are referred to the debts owed to a company or buisness at a particular period eg bank debts, tax owed, wages owed etc.
Equity is the measure of value of a company"s asset eg Common stock, retained earnings, , preferred stock etc.
The three above are related using the equation below
Assets = Liabilities + Equity.
Total Liabilities = Assets - Equity
Total asset = Cash + Account receivables = 26,000+42,000=68,000
Total equity = Common stock + retained earnings = 18,000+12000=30,000
Total liabilities =Total asset -total equity
= 68,000-30,000
= $38,000
Use the following to answer the questions.
Star Supplies, Inc. manufactures commercial-grade floor cleaners, such as vacuums and floor polishers. The firm has recently begun manufacturing other janitorial-related product lines, such as paper products and chemical cleaners. Star Supplies distributes its products in two ways. It sells its vacuum, floor polisher, and janitorial supply products to an independent business that takes title to the products and then sells them to various small businesses throughout the region. Also, Star has a list of large businesses that it distributes to directly, on an as-needed basis. These businesses keep very little inventory and purchase janitorial supplies in small quantities. Recently, Star has decided to add two new service product lines-paper shredding and a uniform rental service. Clint Rodriguez, the marketing manager, is conducting a meeting to discuss the ways in which Star can strategically manage these new businesses. Star has the choice of marketing the paper shredding service to their large business clients, by picking up the paper as they drop off the other janitorial supplies, or they can buy a small paper shredding business and market to both large and small business customers. With regard to the uniform rental service, Star can either pick up and deliver the uniforms to the small businesses themselves, or contract that out to a third party.
Refer to scenario Currently, Star is using the ____ approach to distributing its janitorial supplies to its large customers.
A. intensive
B. just-in-time
C. segmented
D. outsourcing
E. exclusive
Answer:
B. just-in-time
Explanation:
Just in time (JIT) is an inventory management approach that is used by companies that want to reduce their inventory costs and they purchase their materials in smaller quantities whenever their productive system needs them. The goal is to keep the lowest possible inventory levels.
Suppose that the income tax rate is reduced by the federal government and simultaneously a recession hits causing the economy to move below its potential output, this will:
Answer:
Raise both the cyclical and structural deficits
Explanation:
During economic downturn the cyclical deficit will rise, leading to rise in already structural deficit of federal government. The Structural deficit arises when government continue to spend more than its revenue, and thus cyclical deficit will add upward pressure in structural deficit.
Therefore there will be Raise in both the cyclical and structural deficits
Digby's balance sheet has $99,131,000 in equity. Further, the company is expecting net income of 3,000,000 next year, and also expecting to issue $4,000,000 in new stock. If there are no dividends paid what will beDigby's book value
Answer:
Book Value = $106,131,000
Explanation:
DATA
Equity = $99,131,000
Expected Net Income = $3,000,000
New stock issued = $4,000,000
Solution:
We can calculate Digby's Book value by adding Equity, Expected Net Income and New Stock issued.
Calculation:
Book Value = Equity + expected net income + Bew stock issued
Book Value = $99,131,000+ $3,000,000+$4,000,000
Book Value = $106,131,000
The following are two independent situations.
1. Conchita Cosmetics acquired 10% of the 210,100 shares of common stock of Martinez Fashion at a total cost of $15 per share on March 18, 2014. On June 30, Martinez declared and paid a $77,700 cash dividend. On December 31, Martinez reported net income of $122,500 for the year. At December 31, the market price of Martinez Fashion was $17 per share. The securities are classified as available-for-sale.
2. Monica, Inc. obtained significant influence over Seles Corporation by buying 33% of Seles's 33,500 outstanding shares of common stock at a total cost of $11 per share on January 1, 2014. On June 15, Seles declared and paid a cash dividend of $45,800. On December 31, Seles reported a net income of $94,600 for the year.
Prepare all necessary journal entries in 2014 for both situations.
Answer:
Journal entries are given below
Explanation:
All necessary journal entries in 2014 for both situations.
Situation 1
March 18, 2014 (Conchita Cosmetics acquired 10% of the 210,100 shares of common stock of Martinez Fashion at a total cost of $15 per share)
DEBIT CREDIT
Stock $3,151,500
Cash $3,151,500
June 30 ( Martinez paid a $77,700 cash dividend)
DEBIT CREDIT
Cash $77,700
Dividend Income $77,700
December 31 (the market price of Martinez Fashion was $17 per share)
DEBIT CREDIT
Securities $420,200
Unrealized gain $420,200
Working
Gain = $17 - $15 = $2 x 210,100
Gain =420,200
Situation 2
January 1, 2014 (Monica, Inc. acquired 33% of Seles's 33,500 outstanding shares of common stock at a total cost of $11 per share)
DEBIT CREDIT
Cash $368,500
Dividend Income $368,500
On June 15 ( Seles declared and paid a cash dividend)
DEBIT CREDIT
Cash $45,800
Dividend Income $45,800
When one nation can produce a product at lower cost relative to another nation, it is said to have a(n) __________________ in producing that product. Group of answer choices
Answer:
absolute advantage
Explanation:
In such a scenario the nation is said to have an absolute advantage in producing that product. Like mentioned, this term refers to the ability of a nation to be able to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than its competitors at a lower cost. This allows the nation to profit massively as well as having more opportunities.
Hawley company makes decorative wedding cakes. The company is considering buying the cakes rather than baking them, which will allow it to concentrate on decorating. The company averages 100 wedding cakes per year and incurs the following costs from baking wedding cakes.
Direct materials $550
Direct labor 950
Variable manufacturing overhead 150
Fixed manufacturing overhead 1,125
Total manufacturing cost $2,775
Number of cakes / 100
Cost per cake $28
Fixed costs are primarily the depreciation on kitchen equipment such as ovens and mixers. Hawley expects to retain the equipment. Hawley can buy the cakes for 28$.
1. Should Hawley make the cakes or buy them? Why?
2. If Hawley decides to buy the cakes, what are some qualitative factors that Hawley should also consider?
1. Should Hawley make the cakes or buy them? Why? (For the Difference column, use a minus sign or parentheses only when the cost of outsourcing exceeds the cost of making the cakes in-house.)
Make Outsource Difference
Cake costs cakes cakes (make—outsource)
Variable costs:
Direct materials
Direct labor
Variable manufacturing overhead
Purchase cost
Total differential cost of cakes
Hawley (should, should not) continue to make the cakes. Outsourcing will (decrease, increase) profits.
2. If Hawley decides to buy the cakes, what are some qualitative factors that Hawley should also consider?
A. Qualitative factors include considering sunk costs andmanager's opinions.
B. Qualitative factors include separating fixed and variable costs.
C. Qualitative factors include quality and on-time delivery.
D. Qualitative factors include contribution margins of the various products produced.
Answer:
1. Continue to Make the Cakes. Because the Cost of Outsourcing is greater that the cost of making by $1,150.
2. C. Qualitative factors include quality and on-time delivery.
Explanation:
Analysis of the Make or Buy Decision
Make Outsource Difference
Cake costs cakes cakes
Variable costs:
Direct materials $550 $0 $550
Direct labor $950 $0 $950
Variable manufacturing overhead $150 $0 $150
Fixed manufacturing overhead $1,125 $1,125 $0
Purchase cost $0 $2,800 ($2,800)
Total differential cost of cakes $2,275 $3,925 ($1,150)
Qualitative Factors.
Are non-monetary factors that need to be considered in decision making.
Colorado experiences a record snowfall during the winter season. What impact will this have on the market for snowmobiles?
Answer:
The demand curve for snowmobiles will increase and the price of snowmobiles will rise.
Explanation:
Demand is defined as the quantity of a good that is requested by a customer at a given price and time.
In the given instance there was heavy snowfall during the winter season that will result in more people wanting to go out on the snow.
When there is a change in demand as a result of a factor apart from price demand shifts.
In this case demand will shift to the right (increase).
Demand will increase at an increased price.
This is illustrated in the attached diagram.
Demand shifts from D1 to D2 and price increases from P1 to P2
An organizationally-driven reason for outsourcing is that it can improve effectiveness by focusing on what the firm does best.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Outsourcing is when a company gives some of its internal activities to an external party that takes the responsibility to get things done and one of the reasons for a company to do this is to get rid of activities that have to get done but that are not part of their core operations to be able to concentrate on their main activity and get those things done by experts which can help increase productivity. According to that, the answer is that the statement is true.
An exchange-rate policy in which the government usually allows the exchange rate to be set by the market, but sometimes intervenes is called a __________________ exchange rate system.
Answer: Managed Float
Explanation:
Also called "Dirty Float", the Managed float is an exchange rate system that allows for the currency of a country to be set by the forces of demand and supply in the market.
However, unlike in a clean float, the Central bank will occasionally intervene in the market to influence the how fast the currency is changing value or to control the direction it is going.
This is usually done to protect the domestic economy from sudden shocks in the global economy.
The management of Mecca Copy, a photocopying center located on University Avenue, has compiled the following data to use in preparing its budgeted balance sheet for next year: Ending Balances Cash ? Accounts receivable $ 8,900 Supplies inventory $ 5,500 Equipment $ 38,000 Accumulated depreciation $ 15,400 Accounts payable $ 2,600 Common stock $ 5,000 Retained earnings ? The beginning balance of retained earnings was $25,000, net income is budgeted to be $21,100, and dividends are budgeted to be $3,500.
Answer:
Mecca Copy
Budgeted Balance Sheet
Assets
Current assets:
Cash 13200
Accounts receivable 8900
Supplies inventory 5500
Total current assets 27600
Plant and equipment:
Equipment 38000
Accumulated depreciation (15400)
Plant and equipment, net 22600
Total assets 50200
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable 2600
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock 5000
Retained earnings 42600
Total stockholders' equity 47600
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity 50200
Note: Retained earnings = beginning balance of retained earnings + Net income - Dividend
= 25,000 + 21100 - 3500
= 42,600
Brennan's Boats is considering a project which will require additional inventory of $128,000, will decrease accounts payable by $7,000, and will increase accounts receivable by $56,000. What is the initial project cash flow needed for net working capital?
Answer:
$191,000
Explanation:
Brennan's Boats is considering a project in this, the initial project cash flow needed for net working capital is $ 191,000.
What do you mean by the net working capital?The difference between a company's short-term assets and its short-term debts and liabilities is known as net working capital (NWC). Positive net working capital is excellent since it shows that a company's financial obligations have been met and allows it to invest in other operational needs.
Current assets less Current Liabilities equals Working Capital. An entity has a working capital deficiency, also known as a working capital deficit and negative working capital, if current assets are fewer than current liabilities.
Here,
Calculation of net working capital (NWC):
Net working capital = $128,000 + 7,000 + 56,000
Net working capital = $191,000.
Therefore, Brennan's Boats is considering a project in this, the initial project cash flow needed for net working capital is $ 191,000.
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I have question with it can you help me please??
Answer:
Pick-up Later:
Set a pickup date
Process the transaction
Place all the items in the pickup area near the front of the store
Place a note on the items indicating they are sold.
Explanation:
The purpose of the above procedure is to enable the customer to take delivery of purchased goods hitch-free. The pick-up area needs to be covered against rain so that the mulch and topsoil do not degrade. It is assumed that the customer's contact information and payment have been secured before the arrangement for pick-up later.
If a company uses straight-line depreciation, the annual average investment can be calculated as: (Check all that apply.)
Answer: beg book value +the salvage value) / 2.
(the sum of annual average book values) ÷ asset’s life
(beg book value +the end book value) ÷ 2.
Explanation:
Depreciation is simply when an asset begin to wear and tear and thereby its value is reduced.Straight line depreciation is calculated when the difference between the cost of an asset and the expected salvage value is divided by the number of years it is projected to be used.
Using this method, the annual average investment can be calculated as:
• beg book value +the salvage value) / 2.
• (the sum of annual average book values) ÷ asset’s life
• (beg book value +the end book value) ÷ 2.
In Sammy's fast food restaurant, she produces sandwiches, soups, and other items for customers in her town. Which of the following is a fixed input for the production function at Sammy's restaurant?
a) the employees hired to help make the food.
b) the loaves of bread used to make sandwiches.
c) the cans of tomato sauce used to make soups.
d) the dining room where customers eat their meals
Answer:
d) the dining room where customers eat their meals
Explanation:
In the given situation, since it is mentioned there is a Sammy's fast food restaurant that generates the sandwiches, soups, and other items for customers
So based on the options given, the last option should be considered as a fixed input for the production function as the dining room is a fixed plus non-movable item so the same is to be considered
hence, the correct option is d.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
I would say D because you want to give a good impression on your customers so they want to come back and know that you will take good care of them.
Assume that interest rates on 20-year Treasury and 20-year corporate bonds are as follows T-bond = 3.72% AAA = 4.12% A = 4.64% BB = 5.18% The differences in these rates were probably caused primarily by:
Answer: Default risk differences.
Explanation:
The Default risk is the inherent risk a lender faces that a borrower will not pay them back the debt they want to borrow. The lender will therefore charger a high return to cater for this risk. The higher the risk, the higher the return charged.
T-bonds have no default risk because they are guaranteed by the US Government which is why it's rate is the lowest. For the other bonds, there is something called a Credit rating. Bonds are usually rated on how risky it will be to lend to the company borrowing with AAA being of the lowest risk. Therefore as one goes up from AAA, the bonds will have higher default risks.
