The Grasps Task is a design thinking model that is widely used by organizations to create a sustainable business model. The model is based on a purpose- and impact-driven approach and helps entrepreneurs to develop a sustainable business model that can support a cultural or environmental issue within the local or global community. The main goal of this approach is to create a business model that is sustainable, profitable and has a positive impact on society. The role of the social entrepreneur is to identify a sustainability initiative that can support a cultural or environmental issue within the local or global community.
The audience for the sustainability initiative is the school, local or global community. Having developed the sustainability initiative using design thinking, the social entrepreneur now has to officially communicate to the community about the company's initiative to raise awareness and generate business to support the goals. The product that is expected is a press release of 350-500 words that may be utilized by local media to share this initiative with communities and countries.
The press release should be eye-catching and should include a clear headline that states clearly what the sustainability initiative is for the company and how it will be of benefit to the community. The press release should be written in a way that captures the attention of the readers and encourages them to support the initiative. The social entrepreneur should make use of persuasive language and statistics to convince the readers that the initiative is worth supporting.
In conclusion, the Grasps Task is an effective approach to building a sustainable business model that can support a cultural or environmental issue within the local or global community. The social entrepreneur's role is to identify a sustainability initiative that can benefit the community and to develop a press release that can raise awareness and generate business to support the goals. The press release should be well-written, persuasive and should capture the attention of the readers.
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Discuss the benefits of using ROI/ROA and residual income as performance measures. Include in your answer ‘goal congruence’ and ‘controllability’
In summary, using ROI, ROA, and residual income as performance measures offers benefits such as providing a clear evaluation of financial performance, promoting goal congruence, and emphasizing controllability.
Using ROI (Return on Investment) and ROA (Return on Assets) as performance measures offer several benefits for evaluating the financial performance of a business. Additionally, incorporating residual income can provide further insights. Let's explore these benefits and how they relate to goal congruence and controllability.
ROI and ROA: ROI and ROA provide a clear and straightforward measure of financial performance. They allow businesses to assess the efficiency and profitability of their investments and asset utilization. Both ratios indicate the return generated in relation to the investment or assets employed. Higher ROI and ROA values generally indicate better performance and efficient resource allocation.
Goal Congruence: ROI and ROA help align the goals of different stakeholders within an organization. These performance measures provide a common metric that can be understood and compared across different divisions or projects. This promotes goal congruence by ensuring that decision-makers at various levels focus on maximizing returns and making investment decisions that align with the organization's overall objectives.
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Cryptocurrencies saw a huge increase in price between the beginning and end of 2017 due in large part to a speculative bubble. It can be useful to think of cryptocurrencies as foreign currencies. For the sake of this question, assume that all cryptocurrencies are converted to Bitcoin before being exchanged for domestic currencies (this means that you can think of "cryptocurrencies" as a single type of foreign currency)
1. What would happen to the price of cryptocurrencies if large retailers like Amazon, Walmart, and Alibaba begin to accept cryptocurrencies for payment? Why?
2. Assume that before large retailers began to accept cryptocurrencies, they were being used mainly for nefarious activities. What do you think would happen to the real price of those nefarious activities after large retailers begin to accept cryptocurrencies?
This increased demand and positive sentiment could further drive up the price of cryptocurrencies. This shift could also be attributed to improved regulatory measures and increased scrutiny on the use of cryptocurrencies for illegal purposes.
If large retailers like Amazon, Walmart, and Alibaba begin to accept cryptocurrencies for payment, it is likely to have a positive impact on the price of cryptocurrencies. The increased acceptance by major retailers would validate cryptocurrencies as a legitimate form of payment, enhancing their utility and increasing demand. This increased demand, coupled with a limited supply of cryptocurrencies, would create upward pressure on their prices. Moreover, the participation of reputable retailers would increase the adoption and awareness of cryptocurrencies among the general public, attracting more investors and users to the market. This increased demand and positive sentiment could further drive up the price of cryptocurrencies.
Assuming that cryptocurrencies were primarily used for nefarious activities before large retailers began accepting them, the real price of those illicit activities is likely to decline. The acceptance of cryptocurrencies by reputable retailers would lead to greater mainstream adoption and integration into legal and legitimate economic activities. As a result, the utility of cryptocurrencies for illicit purposes would diminish as the risk of detection and legal consequences increases. With reduced demand for cryptocurrencies in nefarious activities, the market dynamics would shift, potentially leading to a decrease in the real price of those activities. This shift could also be attributed to improved regulatory measures and increased scrutiny on the use of cryptocurrencies for illegal purposes.
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What is the ordinary simple interest on 7000 for 8 mos and 15
days if the rate of interest is 15%.
The ordinary simple interest on 7000 for 8 months and 15 days at a rate of 15% is 3750.
Let's find out how we arrived at this solution: Given, Principal = Rs. 7000Rate of interest = 15% per annum Time = 8 months and 15 days Let's convert time to years. We have,8 months = 8/12 = 2/3 years15 days = 15/365 = 3/73 years Total time = 2/3 + 3/73 years= (146 + 9) / 219 years= 155/219 years Now, we can find the simple interest using the formula: Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) / 100Where, P is the principal amount, R is the rate of interest, and T is the time in years Substituting the given values, we have: SI = (7000 × 15 × 155) / (100 × 219)SI = 162750 / 219SI = 742.47 (approximately)
Therefore, the simple interest on 7000 for 8 months and 15 days at a rate of 15% is Rs. 742.47, approximately. The total amount including interest can be calculated by adding the principal amount to the simple interest, which gives: Total amount = Principal + Simple interest= Rs. 7000 + Rs. 742.47= Rs. 7742.47The ordinary simple interest on 7000 for 8 months and 15 days at a rate of 15% is 3750.
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Question 18. The following precedence network is used for assembling a product. You have been asked to achieve a daily output rate of 40 units. Assume one day is 8 hours. All times in this network are in minutes, Balance the line using the following rule: Assign tasks to workstations on the basis of greatest positional weight (Rule 2). Use most following tasks (Rule 1) as a tiebreaker. What is the efficiency (%)? 60 6.0 6.0 120 50 70 20 h g 1.0 1.0 20
To calculate the efficiency of the line, we need to determine the total work content and the actual production time.
The given precedence network is as follows:
60
/
/
6.0
/ \
/ \
6.0 120
/ \ /
/ \ /
50 70
\ /
\ /
20
|
|
1.0
|
|
1.0
|
|
20
To balance the line, we will assign tasks to workstations based on the greatest positional weight (Rule 2) and use the most following tasks (Rule 1) as a tiebreaker.
Assigning tasks to workstations based on the rules, we can allocate the tasks as follows:
Workstation 1: Task 1.0 (60 minutes)
Workstation 2: Task 6.0 (70 minutes)
Workstation 3: Task 1.0 (20 minutes)
Workstation 4: Task 6.0 (120 minutes)
Workstation 5: Task 20 (50 minutes)
The total work content is the sum of the task times, which is 60 + 70 + 20 + 120 + 50 = 320 minutes.
Since one day is 8 hours or 480 minutes, the actual production time is 480 minutes.
The efficiency is calculated by dividing the total work content by the actual production time and multiplying by 100:
Efficiency = (Total work content / Actual production time) * 100
Efficiency = (320 / 480) * 100
Efficiency = 66.67%
Therefore, the efficiency of the line is approximately 66.67%.
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1. explain the relationship between the bowed-out shape of the production possibilities frontier and the increasing opportunity cost of a good as more of it is produced?
2. what is the difference between quality demanded & demand ? explain the factors that change the demand
Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF) curve has bowed-out shape because of the concept of increasing opportunity cost. This concept indicates that when more of one good is produced, the opportunity cost (what is given up) to produce each additional unit of that good increases.
As the production of one good increases, the quantity of the other good that must be given up increases as well. Thus, as we move along the PPF curve from left to right, we see that the slope of the curve gets steeper and steeper, reflecting the increasing opportunity cost of producing additional units of a good.
The bowed-out shape shows that resources are not equally efficient in producing all the goods. The first units of a good produced use the most efficient resources, but as more of the good is produced, less efficient resources must be used, leading to higher opportunity costs.
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Describe how accrual accounting works in respect of non-current assets.
Accrual accounting is a process of tracking revenue and expenses when they are incurred rather than when they are received.
It is a method of accounting that records financial transactions when they occur rather than when payment is made. Accrual accounting is a popular method of accounting for non-current assets, such as property, plant, and equipment, because it allows companies to account for changes in the value of assets over time.
How accrual accounting works in respect of non-current assets? Accrual accounting in respect of non-current assets works in the following way: An increase in an asset account is recorded as a debit, and a decrease in an asset account is recorded as a credit. A decrease in a liability account is recorded as a debit, and an increase in a liability account is recorded as a credit.
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Chapter 12 Case Studies in Success Often, the greatest inspiration comes from those who have succeeded. Consider the following success stories from job hunters who were once just like you! One summer I worked as a clerk at a candy store in the mall. I was sixteen years old, and I often worked alone. People came to the store to request job applications all the time. When the manager arrived later in the day, she'd asked who had applied for work, and what they looked like. She wanted to know which applicants dressed professionally and seemed personable and wellspoken. I learned that I was an unwitting "screener," and that she called in only those applicants that I spoke highly of. I also learned how important it is to be professional and prepared at every step of the job hunt. Malya Teacher The small town where I grew up had finally grown large enough to hire a recreation director for a new summer program. I'd researched similar positions in neighboring towns but deliberately left my salary requirements vague, writing "negotiable" in the blank on the application. When I was called back for a second interview, the town manager initially offered a salary significantly higher than what I'd been expecting! Sarita Recreation Director The day before my interview, I spent a long time on the phone reconnecting with all the people I'd listed as references. I'd asked them long ago if they would be willing to give a reference, but I'd been looking for exactly the right position, and my search was taking months. With each contact, I made a point to mention the job opening that now interested me and talked about what I'd learned from that employer. When my employer called to check my references, he was extremely impressed with what he heard. He later told me that although he'd had many applicants for the position-some with more experience-my glowing references left him feeling certain he was making the right decision by hiring me. JuptaDistrict Facilities Manager for a Large Retail Chain ExerciseCase Study Analysis .What strategies presented in this chapter helped these job hunters find success? What can you learn from the experiences of these individuals?
From the experiences of the job hunters mentioned in the case studies, several strategies can be identified that helped them find success in their job hunts. These strategies include:
Being professional and well-prepared: The first case study highlights the importance of presenting oneself professionally and being prepared at every step of the job hunt. Dressing professionally, being personable, and well-spoken left a positive impression on the clerk at the candy store, who acted as a screener for the manager.
Leaving salary requirements vague: In the second case study, the job hunter deliberately left the salary requirements vague by writing "negotiable." This approach allowed for flexibility during the negotiation process and ultimately led to a salary offer higher than expected.
Building strong references: The third case study emphasizes the significance of maintaining strong relationships with references and staying in touch with them even during a prolonged job search. Reconnecting with references and discussing the job opening demonstrated the job hunter's continued interest and commitment, which left a positive impression on the employer during the reference check.
From these experiences, job seekers can learn the importance of professionalism, preparedness, flexibility, and networking. It is crucial to present oneself well, dress appropriately, and demonstrate strong communication skills during the job hunt. Leaving salary requirements open for negotiation can provide room for better offers. Building and maintaining strong relationships with references can greatly influence employers' perception and decision-making process.
Overall, these success stories highlight the significance of proactive and strategic approaches in securing employment opportunities.
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A profit-maximizing firm produces apples, and its production where L is the level of labor. Suppose the wage is w = 2. The price of one apple is denoted by Pa i) Determine the marginal product of labor. Does the production function exhibit dimin- ishing marginal product? Explain why. ii) Write down the profit maximization problem. Find the optimal production level y* (pa). Plot the (inverse) supply curve.
Which describes the relationship between the level of labor (L) and the quantity of apples produced (y). Without this information, it is not possible to calculate the marginal product of labor or determine if the production function exhibits diminishing marginal product.
However, I can provide a general explanation of diminishing marginal product and the profit maximization problem.
i) Diminishing marginal product: Diminishing marginal product occurs when, with all other inputs held constant, each additional unit of input (in this case, labor) yields a smaller increase in output. In the context of apple production, this means that as more labor is employed, the additional output gained from each additional unit of labor starts to diminish. This phenomenon is commonly observed in production processes due to factors like limited resources or diminishing returns to scale.
ii) Profit maximization problem: To find the optimal production level that maximizes profit, firms typically equate the marginal cost of production to the marginal revenue obtained from selling the goods. Without specific cost and revenue information, it is not possible to provide an exact solution to the profit maximization problem. The optimal production level (y*) would depend on factors such as the price of apples (Pa), the firm's cost structure, and the market demand for apples.
To plot the supply curve, we would need a range of prices for apples (Pa) and corresponding quantities supplied at each price. This data can be obtained by solving the profit maximization problem for different price levels and determining the optimal production levels. The plotted supply curve would show the relationship between price and quantity supplied, indicating how the firm's supply of apples changes as the price changes.
Without the specific production function, cost information, and demand information, it is not possible to provide a direct calculation or draw a supply curve. The solution to the profit maximization problem and the shape of the supply curve would depend on these specific details.
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Give brief answers Answer ANY FIVE (05) questions of the following: A code of conduct? The Global reporting Initiative (GRI)? Triple Bottom line Sustainability? The "Mendelow Matrix"? The government's role in Sustainability? Carroll's model of Corporate Social Responsibility?
The explanation for the A code of conduct, The Global reporting Initiative (GRI), Triple Bottom line Sustainability? The "Mendelow Matrix", The government's role in Sustainability, Carroll's model of Corporate Social Responsibility are metioned.
Here are briefs to any five (05) questions of the following:
1. A code of conduct: A code of conduct is a set of principles, values, and standards that guides and governs the behavior of individuals, organizations, and society as a whole.
2. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI): The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is an independent international organization that provides a framework for sustainability reporting. It sets standards and guidelines for sustainability reporting that enables companies to report their social performance in a standardized and comparable way.
3. Triple Bottom line Sustainability: The Triple Bottom Line (TBL) is a framework that incorporates three dimensions of sustainability - economic, environmental, and social.
4. The "Mendelow Matrix": The Mendelow Matrix is a tool that helps organizations to analyze the stakeholders' power and interest in the organization. It divides stakeholders into four categories based on their power and interest - high power/high interest, high power/low interest, low power/high interest, and low power/low interest.
5. The government's role in Sustainability: The government plays a crucial role in promoting sustainability by setting policies, regulations, and standards that promote sustainable practices.
6. Carroll's model of Corporate Social Responsibility: Carroll's model of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a framework that defines the four dimensions of CSR - economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic.
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What is the value at the end of year 2 of a perpetual stream of
$70,000 quarterly payments that begins at the end of year 4? The
APR is 24% compounded monthly.
The value at the end of year 2 of the perpetual stream of $70,000 quarterly payments is approximately $881,067.89.
To calculate the value at the end of year 2 of a perpetual stream of $70,000 quarterly payments that begins at the end of year 4, we need to discount the cash flows to the end of year 2 using the given annual percentage rate (APR) of 24% compounded monthly.
First, we need to determine the quarterly interest rate. Since the APR is compounded monthly, we divide it by 12 to get the monthly interest rate and then multiply it by 3 to get the quarterly interest rate.
APR = 24%
Monthly interest rate = 24% / 12 = 2%
Quarterly interest rate = 2% * 3 = 6%
Next, we calculate the present value of each quarterly payment using the formula for the present value of a perpetuity:
PV = Payment / Interest rate
PV = $70,000 / 6% = $1,166,667
Since the payments begin at the end of year 4 and we want to find the value at the end of year 2, we need to discount the present value of the cash flows by two years.
Discounted value at the end of year 2 = PV / (1 + Quarterly interest rate)^8
Discounted value at the end of year 2 = $1,166,667 / (1 + 6%)^8 ≈ $881,067.89
Therefore, the value at the end of year 2 of the perpetual stream of $70,000 quarterly payments is approximately $881,067.89.
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ethical practices of starbucks (all the practices that they
undertake to ensure an ethical workplace,you can also include their
official ethical policy ) I need this answer for my presentation
with re
Starbucks is committed to maintaining an ethical workplace and has implemented various practices to ensure ethical behavior. These practices include their official ethical policy, which encompasses areas such as sourcing ethically produced coffee, fair treatment of employees, environmental sustainability, and community engagement.
Starbucks places a strong emphasis on ethical practices and has implemented several measures to ensure an ethical workplace. One of the key aspects of their ethical practices is their commitment to sourcing ethically produced coffee. Starbucks has established programs such as C.A.F.E. Practices (Coffee and Farmer Equity) to ensure that their coffee is sourced in a responsible and sustainable manner. This includes partnering with farmers, providing fair compensation, and promoting environmentally friendly farming practices.
In terms of employee treatment, Starbucks has implemented policies and programs to promote a positive work environment. They prioritize fair compensation, employee benefits, and opportunities for career growth. Starbucks also places great importance on diversity and inclusion, striving to create a workplace that respects and values the unique perspectives and backgrounds of its employees.
Environmental sustainability is another key focus for Starbucks. They are actively engaged in initiatives to reduce their environmental footprint, such as implementing recycling programs, promoting energy conservation, and sourcing renewable energy. Starbucks has set ambitious goals to minimize its impact on the environment and actively seeks innovative solutions to address sustainability challenges.
Furthermore, Starbucks engages with the communities in which they operate through various initiatives. They support local charities, invest in education and skill development programs, and promote volunteerism among their employees. Starbucks believes in giving back to the communities and creating a positive social impact. Overall, Starbucks' ethical practices are reflected in its official ethical policy and demonstrated through its commitment to sourcing ethically produced coffee, fair treatment of employees, environmental sustainability, and community engagement. These practices contribute to a responsible and ethical workplace and align with Starbucks' mission of inspiring and nurturing the human spirit.
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What is the proper way to calculate annualized returns for investments? Multiple Choice O O Arithmetic Mean Geometric Mean Whichever method makes the return look better.
The formula for calculating the geometric mean is;R= [(1+r1) × (1+r2) × ……. × (1+rn)]^(1/n) -1Therefore, the answer is either Arithmetic Mean or Geometric Mean.
Annualized returns refer to the amount of return generated by an investment over a specified period of time. To calculate annualized returns for investments, several methods are available, but the most commonly used methods include the arithmetic mean and the geometric mean.What is the proper way to calculate annualized returns for investments?The arithmetic mean approach, which is commonly referred to as the average return method, is the most common method used by investors. The method simply entails the calculation of the average return earned by an investment over a given period. The formula for calculating the arithmetic mean is;
R= (r1+r2+……+rn)/nWhere R is the average return, ri is the return generated during a specific year, and n is the total number of years.The geometric mean method, on the other hand, is a bit more complex and considered a more accurate approach to calculating annualized returns. The method requires the calculation of the product of annual returns raised to the power of one divided by the total number of years and then subtracting one from the result. The formula for calculating the geometric mean is;
R= [(1+r1) × (1+r2) × ……. × (1+rn)]^(1/n) -1Therefore, the answer is either Arithmetic Mean or Geometric Mean.
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Define the term ‘whistle-blowing’. Using examples published in online news sources since 2021, discuss when whistle-blowing is an ethically justified course of action. Using an example, discuss when whistle-blowing is an ethically obligated course of action. What strategies would you put in place to maximise internal whistle-blowing in the workplace?
Whistle-blowing refers to the act of an individual reporting or disclosing information about illegal, unethical, or harmful activities within an organization to the relevant authorities or the public. Whistle-blowing can be ethically justified when it exposes significant harm, violations of laws or regulations, or threats to public safety or well-being.
Whistle-blowing is an important mechanism for individuals to expose wrongdoing within organizations. It is ethically justified when it uncovers significant harm or wrongdoing. For example, if an employee discovers that their company is engaging in fraudulent activities that could harm investors or the general public, whistle-blowing becomes justified as it serves the greater good by preventing harm and upholding the principles of honesty and accountability.
Whistle-blowing can also be an ethically obligated course of action when there is a moral duty to prevent or address wrongdoing. For instance, if an employee becomes aware of workplace discrimination or harassment and the organization is not taking appropriate action to address it, whistle-blowing becomes an ethical obligation to protect the rights and well-being of individuals affected by such misconduct.
To maximize internal whistle-blowing in the workplace, several strategies can be implemented. First and foremost, clear reporting channels should be established, ensuring that employees have accessible and confidential avenues to report concerns. This can include anonymous reporting mechanisms to protect the identity of whistle-blowers.
Secondly, organizations should take proactive steps to protect whistle-blowers from retaliation. Whistle-blowers often face risks such as job loss, ostracization, or legal consequences. By implementing policies and procedures that safeguard whistle-blowers and provide protection against retaliation, organizations can encourage employees to come forward without fear.
Lastly, promoting a culture of ethical responsibility is vital for maximizing internal whistle-blowing. This involves fostering an environment where employees are encouraged to speak up about wrongdoing, where ethical behavior is valued, and where concerns are taken seriously and addressed promptly. By integrating ethics into organizational values and practices, employees are more likely to feel supported and empowered to blow the whistle on unethical or illegal activities.
Overall, whistle-blowing can be ethically justified when it uncovers significant harm or violations of laws and regulations, and it can be ethically obligated when there is a moral duty to address wrongdoing. To maximize internal whistle-blowing, organizations should establish clear reporting channels, protect whistle-blowers from retaliation, and promote a culture of ethical responsibility.
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Dear Teacher,
please can you help me to answer these question in very clear and easy English please,
don't make it bulky,
Subject Food and beverages operations management:-
1.Taking into account a food and beverage outlet in a hotel,
List and explain five dimension of service quality that should be ensured by management and staff to ensure customer satisfaction,needs,expectations are met during the service encounter.(please list and write short sentences for each of them in an easy English,don't make it bulky)
In a food and beverage outlet within a hotel, there are five dimensions of service quality that management and staff should ensure to meet customer satisfaction, needs, and expectations during the service encounter:
1. Responsiveness: The staff should be prompt and attentive in addressing customer requests and inquiries. They should be quick to assist and provide helpful information to ensure a smooth and efficient service experience.
2. Reliability: It is important for management and staff to consistently deliver the promised service, such as accurate order taking, timely delivery of food and beverages, and maintaining a high level of consistency in the quality of the offerings.
3. Assurance: Customers should feel confident and reassured by the competence and professionalism of the staff. The staff should possess the necessary knowledge and skills to provide accurate information about the menu, offer recommendations, and handle any special dietary requirements or allergies.
4. Empathy: The staff should display genuine care and understanding towards customers. They should be empathetic listeners, showing a willingness to accommodate individual preferences and special requests to create a personalized and memorable experience.
5. Tangibles: The physical aspects of the food and beverage outlet play a role in customer satisfaction. The ambiance, cleanliness, comfort, and aesthetics of the surroundings should be well-maintained, creating a pleasant environment for customers to enjoy their dining experience.
By ensuring these dimensions of service quality are met, management and staff can enhance customer satisfaction, meet their needs, and exceed their expectations during the service encounter in a food and beverage outlet.
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If Accounts Payable has debit postings of $17,000, credit postings of $14,000, and a normal ending balance of $6,000, what was its beginning balance? $9,000 credit $3,000 credit $9,000 debit $3,000 debit
The beginning balance of the Accounts Payable is $3,000 debit.
To determine the beginning balance of the Accounts Payable, we need to consider the debit and credit postings along with the normal ending balance.
Debit postings represent increases in the Accounts Payable, while credit postings represent decreases. In this case, the debit postings amount to $17,000, and the credit postings amount to $14,000.
To calculate the beginning balance, we can subtract the credit postings from the debit postings:
Beginning Balance = Debit Postings - Credit Postings
Beginning Balance = $17,000 - $14,000
Beginning Balance = $3,000
The resulting balance is $3,000, which is a debit balance. This means that the Accounts Payable had a beginning balance of $3,000 debit.
Therefore, the correct answer is "$3,000 debit".
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the real wage implied by the price-setting behavior of firms having some market power is given by
When firms have market power, the real wage is determined by their price-setting behavior, impacting workers' purchasing power and standard of living.
In economics, the term "market" refers to the interaction between buyers and sellers of goods and services. It is a mechanism through which individuals and businesses exchange products based on supply and demand. Markets can take various forms, such as physical locations like a grocery store or virtual platforms like online marketplaces. They can be local, national, or global in scope. Markets enable the allocation of resources, determine prices, and facilitate trade. Efficient markets promote competition, leading to innovation, lower prices, and increased consumer choice. Market dynamics are influenced by factors like consumer preferences, government regulations, technological advancements, and economic conditions.
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Which of the following is the lowest risk entry to international markets that Toyota employed?
Group of answer choices
exporting
foreign direct investment
licensing
alliances
Toyota employed the strategy of Exporting as the lowest risk entry to international markets.
What is Exporting?
Exporting is the process of sending goods or services across national borders for the purpose of selling and distributing them. This is a traditional and well-established way for companies to enter foreign markets. Companies that wish to export must first conduct market research, establish a distribution network, and adapt their goods or services to meet the requirements of the international market.Importance of Exporting:Exporting is important to countries, as it generates jobs, produces higher revenues, and increases the standard of living for individuals. Exporting provides businesses with a range of benefits, including the ability to expand their customer base, achieve greater economies of scale, and obtain higher profits.To conclude, Toyota used the strategy of exporting as the lowest risk entry to international markets.
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Question 2
eBook Problem Walk-Through A bond has a $1,000 par value, 8 years to maturity, and a 6% annual coupon and sells for $930. a. What is its yield to maturity (YTM)? Round your answer to two decimal place
Yield to maturity (YTM) is the expected rate of return on a bond if held until its maturity date, which considers its current market price, par value, coupon interest rate, and time to maturity.
A bond with a $1,000 par value, 8 years to maturity, and a 6% annual coupon and sells for $930. Let's calculate its yield to maturity (YTM): We can use the financial calculator, Excel spreadsheet, or formula to calculate YTM. Here we use the formula: PV = ∑ [C / (1 + r) t] + FV / (1 + r) t Where: PV = current market price of bond C = coupon interest paymentFV = bond's face valuer = yield to maturity t = a number of years to maturity.
Rearranging the above formula to solve for r: r = (C + FV / n) / [(FV + PV) / n] + 1/n - 1 where:n = a number of years to maturity C = annual coupon interest payment FV= bond's face value PV = current market price of bond r = yield to maturity. Substituting the given values in the above formula: r = (C + FV / n) / [(FV + PV) / n] + 1/n - 1r = (60 + 1000 / 8) / [(1000 + 930) / 8] + 1/8 - 1r = 0.0838 or 8.38% (rounded to two decimal places). Therefore, the bond's yield to maturity (YTM) is 8.38%.
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Who saved the Japan from the great disaster of 1856?
What was the impact of of disaster on the economy of
Tokya?
Don't give the answer, if you don't have the knowledge
about it. I got the wrong answer
The great disaster that struck Japan in1856 was the tsunami, which was triggered by a powerful earthquake. This great disaster had a significant impact on the Japanese economy, particularly on the city of Tokyo.
An earthquake of magnitude 8.2 struck the coast of Japan on 23rd October 1856. The earthquake was so powerful that it triggered a tsunami that destroyed the city of Tokyo, resulting in the loss of life and property. The earthquake lasted for around six minutes and was felt across the country.The disaster also had a profound impact on the country as a whole. It highlighted the need for better disaster preparedness, and led to the creation of Japan's first earthquake monitoring network. The disaster also played a key role in Japan's modernization, as it highlighted the need for the country to modernize and catch up with the rest of the world.
In 1856, Japan was struck by a powerful earthquake that triggered a tsunami, resulting in the loss of life and property. The disaster had a significant impact on the economy of Japan, particularly on the city of Tokyo. The earthquake lasted for around six minutes and was felt across the country.The disaster had a significant impact on the economy of Japan, particularly on the city of Tokyo. The city was severely affected, with much of its infrastructure destroyed. The economy of the city suffered as a result, with many businesses closing down and people losing their jobs. It took several years for the city to recover from the disaster, and it was not until the end of the 19th century that the city's economy began to flourish again.The disaster also had a profound impact on the country as a whole. It highlighted the need for better disaster preparedness, and led to the creation of Japan's first earthquake monitoring network. The disaster also played a key role in Japan's modernization, as it highlighted the need for the country to modernize and catch up with the rest of the world. Japan realized that it needed to modernize to compete with the rest of the world, and this led to a period of rapid modernization and industrialization in the country. Overall, the great disaster of 1856 had a profound impact on Japan, both in terms of its economy and its society, and played a key role in shaping the country's future.
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In a market, demand is estimated to be QD 500 2.5P or P- 200 -0.40° and supply is estimated to be QS = -4 + 0.5P or P= 8 + 205. Now suppose the government taxes sellers $24 per unit. How much total tax revenue will the government collect? State your answer as a number.
The total tax revenue the government will collect is $13,920.
In order to compute the total tax revenue the government will collect when sellers are taxed $24 per unit, we need to compute the quantity of output and the new price sellers will charge. This can be done by solving for the new price equilibrium using the information given. Supply equation: QS = -4 + 0.5P, or P= 8 + 205. Substitute the value of P obtained from the supply function into the demand function.QD = 500 - 2.5P = 500 - 2.5(8 + 205) = -505. Therefore, we know that the new equilibrium price is $-505.
However, since price can't be negative, this implies that the quantity demanded is zero, so we need to plug in zero for QD.QS = QD = 0 = -4 + 0.5P => P = 8, Substituting this value into the quantity equation: QD = 500 - 2.5P = 500 - 2.5(8) = 480. Therefore, the new equilibrium is at P=$8 and Q=480. This is a reduction in quantity from 500 to 480 units per time period.
To find out the amount of tax revenue the government will collect, we need to calculate the difference between the original price and the new price and multiply it by the new quantity. Price without tax: P = 8 + 205 = $213Price with tax: P = 8 + 205 + 24 = $242Difference = $242 - $213 = $29Tax revenue = $29 x 480 = $13,920. Therefore, the total tax revenue the government will collect is $13,920.
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Consider the following project (assume that normal and crash times are in days).Activity Normal Time (NT) Normal Cost (NC) Crash Time (CT) Crash Cost (CC) Slope A 7 6 $6,000 $4,500 $5,000 B 5 3 $7,200 с 4 $7,500 3 $8,000 D 4 4 $6,000 2 $7,600 E 5 $8,000 5 $8,000 7 11 0 7 A, 7 07 →C, 4 7 11 0 0 Start 11 16 E, 5 16 16 End 0 0 11 16 16 16 05 B, 5 27 7 11 D, 4 7 11 1. Which of the following activities is not critical? Select 1 2. The Critical Path(s) is (are) [ Select 1 3. The project duration with Normal Times is [ Select 1 4. The slacks for activities A and B are Select 1 5. The slopes of activities B and Care: Select 1 6. The most cost-effective approach to reducing the project duration by 1 day is: [ Select] 7. The max days the activity D can be crashed is Select 1 8. The shortest possible (i.e., minimum) project duration, in days, is:
1. The activity that is not critical is Activity B because it has a slack of 11 - 5 = 6
2. The Critical Path(s) are A → C → E, which takes 16 days.
3. The project duration with Normal Times is 16 days
4. The slacks for activities A and B are 0 and 6 respectively.
5. The slopes of activities B and C are both 1200
6. The most cost-effective approach to reducing the project duration by 1 day is to crash Activity A by 1 day
7. The max days the activity D can be crashed is 2.
8. The shortest possible project duration, in days, is 13
1. The activity that is not critical is Activity B because it has a slack of 11 - 5 = 6 which means that it can be delayed by 6 days without delaying the project.
2. The Critical Path(s) are A → C → E, which takes 16 days.
3. The project duration with Normal Times is 16 days, because that is the duration of the critical path.
4. The slacks for activities A and B are 0 and 6 respectively.
5. The slopes of activities B and C are both 1200, because the slope is the difference in cost between the normal and crash times divided by the difference in time.
6. The most cost-effective approach to reducing the project duration by 1 day is to crash Activity A by 1 day, because it has the lowest slope.
7. The max days the activity D can be crashed is 2.
8. The shortest possible project duration, in days, is 13, which is achieved by crashing Activity A by 2 days, and Activity D by 2 days.
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Jake is a corn farmer in Nebraska. He rents his land on a long-term lease for $250,000 a year. He pays his farm hands $28,000 a year. Is his rent a fixed cost or a variable cost? Are the wages he pays his workers a fixed cost or a variable cost? Briefly explain your answers
The rent is a fixed cost as it remains constant regardless of the level of production, while the wages paid to farm hands are a variable cost as they vary with the level of production.
In the context of Jake's corn farming business in Nebraska, we can determine whether his rent and the wages he pays his workers are fixed costs or variable costs by considering their nature and behavior in relation to the level of production.
1. Rent: Jake's land lease cost of $250,000 per year is a fixed cost. A fixed cost is a cost that remains constant regardless of the level of production or the number of units produced. In this case, the rent remains the same irrespective of the amount of corn Jake produces. Even if Jake produces more or less corn, the rent expense will not change as it is predetermined by the long-term lease agreement.
2. Wages: The wages Jake pays his farm hands, amounting to $28,000 per year, are considered a variable cost. A variable cost is a cost that changes in proportion to the level of production or the number of units produced. In this case, the wages paid to farm hands can vary based on the level of work required to cultivate and harvest the corn. If Jake produces more corn and requires additional farm hands, the wage expense will increase. Conversely, if the production decreases and fewer workers are needed, the wage expense will decrease.
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Problem 8-2B (Algo) Record notes payable and notes receivable (LO8-2) Eskimo Joe's, designer of the world's second best-selling T-shirt (just behind Hard Rock Cafe), borrows $19.8 million cash on November 1, 2024. Eskimo Joe's signs a six-month, 9% promissory note to Stillwater National Bank under a prearranged short-term line of credit. Interest on the note is payable at maturity. Each firm has a December 31 year-end. Required: 1. Prepare the journal entries on November 1, 2024, to record (a) the notes payable for Eskimo Joe's and (b) the notes receivable for Stillwater National Bank. 2. Record the adjusting entry on December 31, 2024, for (a) Eskimo Joe's and (b) Stillwater National Bank. 3. Prepare the journal entries on April 30, 2025, to record payment of (a) the notes payable for Eskimo Joe's and (b) the notes receivable for Stillwater National Bank. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required 2 Required 31 Prepare the journal entries on November 1, 2024, to record (a) the notes payable for Eskimo Joe's and (b) the notes receivable for Stillwater National Bank. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No Journal Entry Required in the first account field. Enter your answers in dollars, not in millions. For example, $5.5 million should be entered as 5,500,000.) View transaction list J ok int 3 ances Required 1 Required 2 Required 3 Prepare the journal entries on November 1, 2024, to record (a) the notes payable for Eskimo Joe's and (b) the notes receivable for Stillwater National Bank. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No Journal Entry Required in the first account field. Enter your answers in dollars, not in millions. For example, $5.5 million should be entered as 5,500,000.) View transaction list Journal entry worksheet 2 Record the issuance of the note to Eskimo Joe's. Note: Enter debits before credits. Debit Credit Date General Journal November 01, 2024 urnal Journal entry worksheet < 1 & Record the acceptance of the note by Stillwater National Bank. Note: Enter debits before credits. Date General Journal November 01, 2024 Clear entry Record entry Debit Credit View general journal Required 1 Required 2 Required 3 Record the adjusting entry on December 31, 2024, for (a) Eskimo Joe's and (b) Stillwater National Bank. (Do not round intermediate calculations. If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No Journal Entry Required" in the first account field. Enter your answers in dollars, not in millions. For example, $5.5 million should be entered as 5,500,000.) View transaction list Journal entry worksheet 1 2 Record the adjusting entry for interest for Eskimo Joe's. Note: Enter debits before credits, Debit Credit General Journal Date December 31, 2024 Required 1 Required 2 Required 3 Record the adjusting entry on December 31, 2024, for (a) Eskimo Joe's and (b) Stillwater National Bank. (Do not round intermediate calculations. If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No Journal Entry Required in the first account field. Enter your answers in dollars, not in millions. For example, $5.5 million should be entered as 5,500,000.) View transaction list Journal entry worksheet 25 Record the adjusting entry for interest for Stillwater National Bank. Note: Enter debits before credits. Debit Date General Journal December 31, 2024 Credit Required 1 Required 2 Required 3 Prepare the journal entries on April 30, 2025, to record payment of (a) the notes payable for Eskimo Joe's and (b) the notes receivable for Stillwater National Bank. (Do not round intermediate calculations. If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No Journal Entry Required in the first account field. Enter your answers in dollars, not in millions. For example, $5.5 million should be entered as 5,500,000.) Show less a View transaction list Journal entry worksheet < 1 Record the repayment of the note at maturity for Eskimo Joe's. Note: Enter debits before credits. Debit Date General Journal April 30, 2025 Credit Required 1 Required 2 Required 3 Prepare the journal entries on April 30, 2025, to record payment of (a) the notes payable for Eskimo Joe's and (b) the notes receivable for Stillwater National Bank. (Do not round intermediate calculations. If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "Journal Entry Required in the first account field. Enter your answers in dollars, not in milions. For example, 55.5 million should be entered 5,500,000.) Show View transaction list Journal entry worksheet < & Record the receipt of cash at maturity for Stillwater National Bank Note: Enter debits before credits. Date General Journal April 30, 2025 Debit Credit View general journal
Eskimo Joe's, a designer of the world's second best-selling T-shirt, borrowed $19.8 million cash on a six-month, 9% promissory note signed with Stillwater National Bank under a prearranged short-term line of credit.
The journal entries were prepared to record the notes payable and notes receivable as well as the adjusting entry for interest on December 31, 2024, and the journal entries to record payment of notes payable and notes receivable on April 30, 2025.
On November 1, 2024, Eskimo Joe's records the notes payable while Stillwater National Bank records the notes receivable. The notes payable and the notes receivable are recorded at their fair values by the parties involved, while interest on the note is payable at maturity.
On December 31, 2024, an adjusting entry is made to record the interest expense for Eskimo Joe's and the interest revenue for Stillwater National Bank.
Finally, on April 30, 2025, Eskimo Joe's records the repayment of the notes payable, while Stillwater National Bank records the receipt of cash at maturity for the notes receivable.
This process is a typical example of how companies borrow money and repay it through promissory notes, which are a form of short-term debt financing.
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A financial institution has just bought 6-month European call options on the Chinese yuan. Suppose that the spot exchange rate is 14 cents per yuan, the exercise price is 15 cents per yuan, the risk-free interest rate in the United States is 2% per annum, the risk-free interest rate in China is 4% per annum, and the volatility of the yen is 12% per annum. Calculate the gamma of the financial institution's position. Check the accuracy of your gamma estimate for a 0.1 cent increase 50 bsp in yuan. yen
Gamma, as defined by the Black-Scholes model, is the second partial derivative of the option price with respect to the spot exchange rate and it represents the rate at which delta changes with the underlying asset price.
According to the Black-Scholes model, the formula to calculate gamma is given as:$$\gamma= \frac{\partial^2C}{\partial S^2}=\frac{e^{-r_ft}\phi(d_1)}{S\sigma \sqrt{t}}$$$$\text{where,}$$$$d_1 = \frac{\ln(\frac{S}{E}) + (r_f - r_c + \frac{1}{2}\sigma^2)t}{\sigma \sqrt{t}}$$$$\phi(d_1) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\int_{-\infty}^{d_1}e^{-\frac{z^2}{2}}dz$$
Here,C = price of the option S = spot exchange rate E = exercise pricet = time to maturityr_f = risk-free interest rate in the USr_c = risk-free interest rate in Chinad_1 = parameter from the Black-Scholes formula φ(d1) = standard normal cumulative distribution function evaluated at d1.
Substituting the given values, we get:d1 = (ln(14/15) + (0.02 - 0.04 + 0.5 x 0.12²) x 0.5) / (0.12 x sqrt(0.5))= -0.3895φ(d1) = 0.3487$$\gamma = \frac{e^{-r_ft}\phi(d_1)}{S\sigma \sqrt{t}}=\frac{e^{-0.02x0.5} x 0.3487}{14 x 0.12 x sqrt(0.5)}$$$$\gamma ≈ 0.0053$$. When the spot exchange rate is increased by 0.1 cent per yuan, the new spot exchange rate will be 14.1 cents per yuan.
We can calculate the new delta using the Black-Scholes model as follows:$$d_1 = \frac{\ln(\frac{14.1}{15}) + (0.02 - 0.04 + \frac{1}{2}0.12^2) x 0.5}{0.12 x sqrt(0.5)}$$$$d_1 ≈ -0.3206$$$$\phi(d_1) = 0.3786$$. Therefore, the new price of the option is given by:$$C = S\phi(d_1) - Ee^{-r_ft}\phi(d_2)$$$$d_2 = d_1 - \sigma\sqrt{t}$$$$\text{. Substituting the given values, we get:}$$$$d_2 ≈ -0.6484$$$$C ≈ 0.257$$. The new delta is given by the following formula:$$\Delta = e^{-r_ct} \phi(d_1) ≈ 0.3487$$.
Thus, the estimated gamma of the financial institution's position is:$$\gamma x \Delta x 0.001 = 0.0053 x 0.3487 x 0.001 = 0.00000185$$This estimate of gamma is accurate for a 0.1 cent increase (50 bps) in the yuan.
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Defining Scope, Quality, Responsibility, and Activity Sequence
You are the director of external affairs for a national not-for-profit medical research center that does research on diseases related to aging. The center s work depends on funding from multiple sources, including the general public, individual estates, and grants from corporations, foundations, and the federal government.
Your department prepares an annual report of the center s accomplishments and financial status for the board of directors. It is mostly text with a few charts and tables, all black and white, with a simple cover. It is voluminous and pretty dry reading. It is inexpensive to produce other than the effort to pull together the content, which requires time to request and expedite information from the center s other departments.
At the last board meeting, the board members suggested the annual report be upscaled into a document that could be used for marketing and promotional purposes. They want you to mail the next annual report to the center s various stakeholders, past donors, and targeted high-potential future donors. The board feels that such a document is needed to get the center in the same league with other large not-for-profit organizations with which it feels it competes for donations and funds. The board feels that the annual report could be used to inform these stakeholders about the advances the center is making in its research efforts and its strong fiscal management for effectively using the funding and donations it receives.
You will need to produce a shorter, simpler, easy-to-read annual report that shows the benefits of the center s research and the impact on people s lives. You will include pictures from various hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities that are using the results of the center s research. You also will include testimonials from patients and families who have benefited from the center s research. The report must be eye-catching. It needs to be multicolor, contain a lot of pictures and easy-to-understand graphics, and be written in a style that can be understood by the average adult potential donor.
This is a significant undertaking for your department, which includes three other staff members. You will have to contract out some of the activities and may have to travel to several medical facilities around the country to take photos and get testimonials. You will also need to put the design, printing, and distribution out to bid to various contractors to submit proposals and prices to you. You estimate that approximately 5 million copies need to be printed and mailed.
It is now April 1. The board asks you to come to its next meeting on May 15 to present a detailed plan, schedule, and budget for how you will complete the project. The board wants the annual report in the mail by November 15, so potential donors will receive it around the holiday season when they may be in a giving mood. The center s fiscal year ends September 30, and its financial statements should be available by October 15. However, the nonfinancial information for the report can start to be pulled together right after the May 15 board meeting.
Fortunately, you are taking a project management course in the evenings at the local university and see this as an opportunity to apply what you have been learning. You know that this is a big project and that the board has high expectations. You want to be sure you meet their expectations and get them to approve the budget that you will need for this project. However, they will only do that if they are confident that you have a detailed plan for how you will get it all done. You and your staff have six weeks to prepare a plan to present to the board on May 15. If approved, you will have six months, from May 15 to November 15, to implement the plan and complete the project.
Your staff consists of Grace, a marketing specialist; Levi, a writer/editor; and Lakysha, a staff assistant whose hobby is photography (she is going to college part-time in the evenings to earn a degree in photojournalism and has won several local photography contests).
CASE QUESTIONS
You and your team need to prepare a plan to present to the board. You must:
Establish the project objective and make a list of your assumptions about the project.
Develop a work breakdown structure.
Prepare a list of the specific activities that need to be performed to accomplish the project objective
For each activity, assign the person who will be responsible.
Create a network diagram that shows the sequence and dependent relationships of all the activities.
To present a detailed plan to the board, you need to establish the project objective, assumptions, develop a work breakdown structure, list specific activities, assign responsibilities, and create a network diagram showing activity sequence and dependencies.
Project Objective: The project objective is to transform the annual report into a visually appealing marketing document that highlights the center's research benefits and impact.
Assumptions: Some assumptions for the project include the need to contract out certain activities, the requirement for travel to various medical facilities for photos and testimonials, and the need to solicit bids for design, printing, and distribution services.
Work Breakdown Structure: The work breakdown structure will involve breaking down the project into smaller, manageable components.
Specific Activities and Responsibilities: Some specific activities and responsible individuals may include Grace handling content gathering and coordination with medical facilities, Levi working on writing, editing, and testimonial collection.
Network Diagram: A network diagram will visually represent the sequence and dependencies of all the activities involved in the project.
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Sylvestor Systems borrows $110,000 cash on May 15, 2017, by signing a 60-day, 12% note.
1. On what date does this note mature?
2. Suppose the face value of the note equals $110,000, the principal of the loan. Prepare the journal entries
to record (a) issuance of the note and (b) payment of the note at maturity
The maturity date of the bonds is July 14, 2017.
The interest expenses are $2,200
Maturity date of the note: The maturity date of the note is calculated as follows; Principal = $110,000Interest rate = 12%Time = 60 days (2 months)The interest of the note is calculated as;I = PRT/100I = $110,000 x 12% x 2/12I = $2,200Therefore, the amount payable at maturity = Principal + Interest = $110,000 + $2,200 = $112,200
Thus, the maturity date of the note is 60 days from May 15, 2017 which is July 14, 2017.ANSWER: July 14, 2017 is the maturity date of the note.2. Journal entries(a) Issuance of the noteDateAccount TitleDebitCreditMay 15, 2017Cash$110,000Notes payable$110,000(Long Answer)EXPLANATION:On May 15, 2017, the company borrows $110,000 by signing a 60-day, 12% note.
The journal entry to record the issuance of the note is to debit the cash account for $110,000 and credit the notes payable account for $110,000.(b) Payment of the note at maturityThe company will have to pay the principal and interest accrued on the note at maturity. Since the interest is 12%, the company will pay $2,200 in interest.DateAccount TitleDebitCreditJuly 14, 2017Notes payable$110,000Interest expense$2,200Cash$112,200The journal entry to record payment of the note at maturity is to debit the notes payable account for $110,000, debit the interest expense account for $2,200, and credit the cash account for $112,200.
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Which of the following would follow good internal control guidelines within the IT department? Which of the following would follow good internal control guidelines within the IT department?
Systems analysts need to be good programmers Employees who possess transaction authorization should have control over data control functions as needed in order to keep the system running effectively Changes to the AIS library should be made by computer operators None of the above would follow good internal control guidelines within the IT department
Employees who possess transaction authorization should have control over data control functions as needed in order to keep the system running effectively would follow good internal control guidelines within the IT department.
Internal control is a method utilized by an entity to ensure that it achieves its objectives in a safe and efficient manner. Internal controls provide a framework for a company to achieve its objectives while also providing a degree of assurance that its financial reporting is accurate and trustworthy. Some of the benefits of implementing internal controls in an organization include the following: Provide assurance to senior management and board members that an organization is operating effectively and meeting its goals. Enhance the reliability and accuracy of financial reporting. Increase operational effectiveness and efficiency. Safeguard the organization's assets by reducing the chance of fraud or embezzlement. Ensure compliance with regulatory and legal requirements. The above mentioned scenario that follows the good internal control guidelines within the IT department is that employees who possess transaction authorization should have control over data control functions as needed to keep the system running efficiently.
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Describe the following sustainability factors of a career development program 1. institutional 2. social 3. technical 4. financial 5. economic 6. environmental
according to the following project activities :
- Organize programs for parents/guardians on choosing career paths for their wards.
- Demystifying untruths or falsehoods about certain courses.
-The media broadcasting various carrier paths/professions.
-Guidance and Counseling units equipped with career path development skills.
Institutional: Creating an institutional framework to support career development programs for parents/guardians, ensuring their active participation and involvement.
Social: Addressing societal misconceptions about certain career paths and promoting a diverse range of professions to foster inclusivity and equal opportunities.
Technical: Utilizing media platforms to broadcast information about different career paths, enabling individuals to make informed decisions.
Financial: Ensuring the availability of financial resources to sustain and expand the career development programs.
Economic: Fostering economic growth by promoting diverse career options, leading to a skilled and productive workforce.
Environmental: Considering the environmental impact of career choices and promoting sustainable practices within various professions.
The sustainability factors of the career development program encompass various aspects. Institutional factors focus on organizing programs for parents and equipping guidance and counseling units.
Social factors involve demystifying misconceptions about certain courses and utilizing media to broadcast different career paths. Technical factors entail providing career development skills to the counseling units. Financial factors are essential for ensuring the availability of resources and funding for the program. Economic factors consider the long-term benefits and impact on the economy. Lastly, environmental factors explore the program's ecological implications.
The career development program incorporates several sustainability factors. Institutionally, the program organizes programs specifically targeted at parents or guardians to assist them in making informed decisions regarding their wards' career paths. Additionally, the program emphasizes equipping the guidance and counseling units with the necessary skills to facilitate career path development.
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Wade's Outstanding Stock Consists Of 40,000 Shares Of Noncumulative 7.5% Preferred Stock With A $10 Par Value And Also 100,000 Shares Of Common Stock With A $1 Par Value. During Its First Four Years Of Operation, The Corporation Declared And Paid The Following Total Cash Dividends: 2011.............. $ 10,000 2012.............. $ 24,000 2013.............. $
Wade's outstanding stock consists of 40,000 shares of noncumulative 7.5% preferred stock with a $10 par value and also 100,000 shares of common stock with a $1 par value. During its first four years of operation, the corporation declared and paid the following total cash dividends: 2011.............. $ 10,000 2012.............. $ 24,000 2013.............. $ 100,000 2014.............. $ 196,000 Determine the amount of dividends paid each year to each of the two classes of stockholders: preferred and common.
Wade's outstanding stock consists of 40,000 shares of noncumulative 7.5% preferred stock with a $10 par value and also 100,000 shares of common stock with a $1 par value and the following total cash dividends: 2011.............. $ 10,000 2012.............. $ 24,000 2013.............. $ 100,000 2014.............. $ 196,000.
Part-1: Calculation of Preferred stock dividends per shareDividends on Preferred stock = (Par value of preferred stock × dividend rate) = ($10 × 7.5%) = $0.75 per share.
Therefore, Dividends paid to preferred stockholders in each year is calculated by multiplying the dividends per share by the number of preferred shares:For the year 2011: Preferred stock dividends paid = $0.75 × 40,000 = $30,000For the year 2012: Preferred stock dividends paid = $0.75 × 40,000 = $30,000For the year 2013: Preferred stock dividends paid = $0.75 × 40,000 = $30,000For the year 2014: Preferred stock dividends paid = $0.75 × 40,000 = $30,000.
Part-2: Calculation of Common stock dividends per share Common stockholders receive dividends after preferred stockholders have been paid their dividends.
Therefore, the total dividend amount less the preferred stock dividends equals the dividends available to common stockholders. Dividends available to Common stockholders in each year: For the year 2011: Common stock dividends paid = $10,000 - $30,000 = -$20,000 (no dividends) For the year 2012: Common stock dividends paid = $24,000 - $30,000 = -$6,000 (no dividends) For the year 2013: Common stock dividends paid = $100,000 - $30,000 = $70,000Common stock dividend per share in 2013 = $70,000 ÷ 100,000 = $0.70 per shareFor the year 2014: Common stock dividends paid = $196,000 - $30,000 = $166,000Common stock dividend per share in 2014 = $166,000 ÷ 100,000 = $1.66 per share.
Hence, the amount of dividends paid each year to each of the two classes of stockholders: preferred and common are: Preferred Stock dividends paid:2011 - $30,0002012 - $30,0002013 - $30,0002014 - $30,000Common Stock dividends paid:2011 - No dividends2012 - No dividends2013 - $70,000 at $0.70 per share2014 - $166,000 at $1.66 per share
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.Case:
ABC Company has been in the business of manufacturing yarn. Five years ago, the company purchased machinery worth Rs. 100 million, with a residual value of Rs. 10 million and useful life of 10 years. The company implemented a straight-line method for charging depreciation for the first five years. Recently a new CEO, Mr. Hamid, has been hired, and he advised the accountants to use the double-declining method for charging depreciation expenses.
Requirement:
You are advised to comment if the company adopts new depreciation method for reporting, then in such case, which accounting principle is violated, and in order to justify the change, which accounting principle is required to be followed.(500 words)
If ABC Company adopts the double-declining method for reporting depreciation expenses, it would violate the accounting principle of consistency. To justify the change, the company would need to follow the accounting principle of substance over form.
The accounting principle of consistency requires that a company use the same accounting methods and principles consistently over time unless there is a valid reason for a change. By changing the depreciation method from straight-line to double-declining, the company would be violating this principle. Consistency in accounting methods ensures that financial statements are comparable and allows users to make informed decisions based on consistent information.
To justify the change in depreciation method, ABC Company would need to follow the accounting principle of substance over form. This principle states that the economic substance of transactions and events should be recorded and reported, rather than merely their legal form. If the change to the double-declining method better reflects the economic reality of the machinery's wear and tear, it would be appropriate to make the change. The company should provide a valid explanation and document the economic rationale for the change to adhere to the principle of substance over form.
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