Answer:
1) [tex]\boxed{p(x) = x^3-x^2+x-1}[/tex]
2) [tex]\boxed{p(x) = x^2+x-2}[/tex]
3) [tex]\boxed{p(x) =- 2x^2+2x+4}[/tex]
4) [tex]\boxed{p(x) = 2x^2+x-4}[/tex]
Step-by-step explanation:
Part (1)
[tex]p(x) = x^3-x^2+x-1[/tex]
As we have to determine it by ourselves, this is the polynomial having a degree of 3. p(x) with a degree of 3 means that the highest degree/exponent of x should be 3.
Part (2)
[tex]p(x) = x^2+x-2[/tex]
This can be the polynomial having the factor x-1 because if we put:
x - 1 = 0 => x = 1 in the above polynomial, it gives us a result of zero which shows us that (x-1) "is" a factor of the polynomial.
Part (3)
[tex]p(x) = -2x^2+2x+4[/tex]
This can be the polynomial for which p(0) = 4 and p(-1) = 0
Let's check:
[tex]p(0) =- 2(0)^2+2(0)+4\\p(0) = 0 + 0+4\\p(0) = 4[/tex]
[tex]p(-1)= -2(-1)^2+2(-1)+4\\p(-1) = -2(1)-2+4\\p(-1) = -2-2+4\\p(-1) = 0[/tex]
So, this is the required polynomial determined by "myself".
Part (4):
[tex]p(x) = 2x^2+x-4[/tex]
This is the polynomial having a remainder 6 when divided by (x-2)
Let's check:
Let x - 2 = 0 => x = 2
Putting in the above polynomial
[tex]p(x) = 2(2)^2+(2)-4\\Given \ that \ Remainder = 6\\6 = 2(4) +2-4\\6 = 8+2-4\\6 = 10-4\\6 = 6[/tex]
So, Proved that it has a remainder of 6 when divided by (x-2)
Given a sample of 35, what is the sample standard deviation of a pair of jeans if the 90% confidence interval is [37.14, 42.86]
Answer:
10.295Step-by-step explanation:
Using the value for calculating the confidence interval as given;
CI = xbar + Z*σ/√n
xbar is the mean = 37.14+42.86/2
xbar= 80/2
xbar = 40
Z is the z-score at the 90% confidence = 1.645
σ is the standard deviation
n is the sample size = 35
Given the confidence interval CI as [37.14, 42.86]
Using the maximum value of the confidence interval to get the value of the standard deviation, we will have;
42.86 = xbar + Z*σ/√n
42.86 = 40 + 1.645* σ/√35
42.86-40 = 1.645*σ/√35
2.86 = 1.645*σ/√35
2.86/1.645 = σ/√35
1.739 = σ/√35
1.739 = σ/5.92
σ= 1.739*5.92
σ = 10.295
Hence, the sample standard deviation of a pair of jeans is 10.295
The histogram shows that nine students had grades of 80 or higher.
The histogram shows there were 22 students in the class.
The histogram shows there were 25 students in the class.
The histogram is symmetrical.
The histogram has a peak.
The histogram shows the data is evenly distributed.
The histogram shows a gap in the data
Answer:
bde
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer:
B: The histogram shows there were 22 students in the class.
D: The histogram is symmetrical.
E:The histogram has a peak.
F: The histogram shows the data is evenly distributed.
Step-by-step explanation:
edg 2020
What is the area of polygon EFGH?
Each power smoothie that Theo makes has 3 scoops of mango, 1 scoop of strawberries, and 1 scoop of spinach. If Theo makes 7 power smoothies, how many scoops will he use in all?
Answer: 35 scoops total!
Step-by-step explanation: FIrst, you would add the number of scoops in total which is 3+1+1=5 scoops.
Now you would do 7*5=35
Therefore, Theo uses 35 scoops in all. I hope this helps you!
Draw the function
[tex]y = \tan(x) [/tex]
on the interval [-pi, pi]
Answer:
The answer is in the photo below. The interval is (-pi, pi) and the function is y = tanx.
5 STARS IF CORRECT! In general, Can you translate a phrase or sentence into symbols? Explain the answer.
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
I answered this already a few minutes ago.
Answer:
yes you can
Step-by-step explanation:
you can write algebraic expressions and use variables for the unknown
Ever since Renata moved to her new home, she's been keeping track of the height of the tree outside her window. H represents the height of the tree (in centimeters), t years since Renata moved in. H = 210 + 33t How fast does the tree grow? ANSWER centimeters per year.
Answer:
The tree grows 33cm per year
Step-by-step explanation:
Here in this question, we are interested in knowing how fast the growth of the tree is.
This is easily obtainable from the equation for the height of the tree.
Mathematically, the equation is given as;
H = 210 + 33t
Interpreting this, we can have 210 as the original height of the tree when Renata moved in, while the term 33 represents the growth per year.
So we can say the tree adds a height of 33 cm each year and this translates to the yearly growth of the tree
suppose a chemical engineer randomly selects 3 catalysts for testing from a group of 10 catalysts, 6 of which have low acidity & 4 have high acidity. What is the probability that exactly2 lower acidic catalysts are selected?
Step-by-step explanation:
Total catalysts = 10
Probability of 2 lower acidic catalysts = 2/10 = 1/5
Of the three properties, reflexive, symmetric, and transitive that define the relation "is equal to," which one could also apply to "is less than" and "is greater than?" transitive reflexive symmetric
Answer: Transitive property.
Step-by-step explanation:
First, for the equality we have:
Reflexive:
For all real numbers x, x = x.
Symmetric:
For all real numbers x, y
if x= y, then y = x.
Transitive:
For reals x, y and z.
if x = y, and y = z, then x = z.
Now, let's talk about inequalities.
first, the reflexive property will say that:
x > x.
This has no sense, so this property does not work for inequalities.
Now, the reflexive.
If x > y, then y > x.
Again, this has no sense, if x is larger than y, then we can never have that y is larger than x. This property does not work for inequalities.
Not, the transitive property.
if x > y, and y > z, then x > z.
This is true.
x is bigger than y, and y is bigger than z, then x should also be bigger than z.
x > y > z.
And this also works for the inverse case:
x < y and y < z, then x < z.
So the correct option is transitive property.
What is 45x62 Please help.
Answer:
45
62x
______
90
2700+
_________
2790
Step-by-step explanation:
perform the following division (-2/3) ÷ (4/7)
Answer:
-7/6
Step-by-step explanation:
-2/3 x 7/4 = -14/12 = -7/6
Answer: -7/6
Step-by-step explanation: (-2/3) ÷ (4/7) can be rewritten as (-2/3) · (7/4).
Remember that dividing by a fraction is the same thing
as multiplying by the reciprocal of the fraction.
Before multiplying however, notice that we
can cross-cancel the 2 and 4 to 1 and 2.
So multiplying across the numerators and denominator and
remembering our negative in the first fraction, we have -7/6.
Fine the surface area
Answer:
88 if a rectangular prism, 64 based on the net.
Step-by-step explanation:
A = 4 * 2
B = 6 * 2
C = 4 * 2
D = 6 * 2
E = 6 * 4
A/C= 8
B/D= 12
E = 24
2(8) + 2(12) + 24 = 64
Surface Area: 64
However, a rectangular prism must have 6 faces, so unless this is a box, the answer would be 88, and E = F, the last face.
Write the phrase "the product of 19 and a number" as a mathematical expression.
A 19 + x
B) 19/x
C) 19 x
(D) 19 -x
Answer:
19x
Step-by-step explanation:
product means multiply
19*x
19x
Answer:
The answer is C.
Step-by-step explanation:
if a number and a variable are next to each other, it is assumed they will be multiplied.
Find the sum to infinity of the series 2+5/4+11/16+23/64+..........up to the infinity.
infinity
We have
[tex]2+\dfrac54+\dfrac{11}{16}+\dfrac{23}{64}+\cdots=\displaystyle\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{3\cdot2^n-1}{4^n}[/tex]
(notice that each denominator is a power of 4, and each numerator is one less than some multiple of 3, in particular 3 times some power of 2)
Recall for [tex]|x|<1[/tex], we have
[tex]\displaystyle\frac1{1-x}=\sum_{n=0}^\infty x^n[/tex]
So we have
[tex]\displaystyle\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{3\cdot2^n-1}4=3\sum_{n=0}^\infty\left(\frac12\right)^n-\sum_{n=0}^\infty\left(\frac14\right)^n=\frac3{1-\frac12}-\frac1{1-\frac14}=\boxed{\frac{14}3}[/tex]
Your’re in charge of evening entertainment for an important client group You use the company credit card to take their four representatives out to dinner. Two people order the steak entree for 32.50 Two people order the grilled tuna for 28.90 and you order the lasagna for 24.95 When the bill comes you tip 20% what is the amount of tip you leave
Answer:
total amount paid = 32.5 + 28.9 + 24.95 = 86.35
20% of the total amount paid = 0.2 * 86.35 = 17.27
you tip 17.25$
Please help me guys :)
Question:
In exercises 1 through 4, find the one-sided limits lim x->2(left) f(x) and limx-> 2(right) from the given graph of f and determine whether lim x->2 f(x) exists.
Step-by-step explanation:
For a left-hand limit, we start at the left side and move right, and see where the function goes as we get close to the x value.
For a right-hand limit, we start at the right side and move left, and see where the function goes as we get close to the x value.
If the two limits are equal, then the limit exists. Otherwise, it doesn't.
1. As we approach x = 2 from the left, f(x) approaches -2.
lim(x→2⁻) f(x) = -2
As we approach x = 2 from the right, f(x) approaches 1.
lim(x→2⁺) f(x) = 1
The limits are not the same, so the limit does not exist.
lim(x→2) f(x) = DNE
2. As we approach x = 2 from the left, f(x) approaches 4.
lim(x→2⁻) f(x) = 4
As we approach x = 2 from the right, f(x) approaches 2.
lim(x→2⁺) f(x) = 2
The limits are not the same, so the limit does not exist.
lim(x→2) f(x) = DNE
3. As we approach x = 2 from the left, f(x) approaches 2.
lim(x→2⁻) f(x) = 2
As we approach x = 2 from the right, f(x) approaches 2.
lim(x→2⁺) f(x) = 2
The limits are equal, so the limit exists.
lim(x→2) f(x) = 2
4. As we approach x = 2 from the left, f(x) approaches 2.
lim(x→2⁻) f(x) = 2
As we approach x = 2 from the right, f(x) approaches infinity.
lim(x→2⁺) f(x) = ∞
The limits are not the same, so the limit does not exist.
lim(x→2) f(x) = DNE
Beginning 177 miles directly north of the city of Morristown, a van travels due west. If the van is travelling at a speed of 31 miles per hour, determine the rate of change of the distance between Morristown and the van when the van has been travelling for 71 miles. (Do not include units in your answer, and round to the nearest hundredth.)
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
From the given information;
let the hypotenuse be a , the opposite which is the north direction be b and the west direction which is the adjacent be c
SO, using the Pythagoras theorem
a² = c² + 177²
By taking the differentiation of both sides with respect to time t , we have
[tex]2a \dfrac{da}{dt} = 2c \dfrac{dc}{dt} + 0[/tex]
[tex]\dfrac{da}{dt} = \dfrac{c}{a} \dfrac{dc}{dt}[/tex]
At c = 71 miles,[tex]a = \sqrt{ (71)^2 +(177)^2}[/tex]
[tex]a = \sqrt{ 5041+31329}[/tex]
[tex]a = \sqrt{ 36370}[/tex]
a = 190.71
SImilarly, [tex]\dfrac{dc}{dt} = \ 31 miles \ / hr[/tex]
Thus, the rate of change of the distance between Morristown and the van when the van has been travelling for 71 miles can be calculate as:
[tex]\dfrac{da}{dt} = \dfrac{c}{a} \dfrac{dc}{dt}[/tex]
[tex]\dfrac{da}{dt} = \dfrac{71}{190.71} \times 31[/tex]
[tex]\dfrac{da}{dt} = 0.37229 \times 31[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\dfrac{da}{dt} = 11.54}[/tex] to the nearest hundredth.
A librarian needs to package up all of the children's books and move them to a different location in the library. There are 625 books, and she can fit 25 books in one box. How many boxes does she need in order to move all of the books? 5 B. 25 C. 125 D. 600 E. 650
Answer: B. 25
Step-by-step explanation:
Given: Total books = 625
Number of books can fit in one box = 25
Now, the number of boxes she need to move all of the books = (Total books) ÷ (Number of books can fit in one box )
= 625÷25
= 25
hence, she requires 25 boxes in order to move all of the books.
So, correct option is B. 25.
Two balls are drawn in succession out of a box containing 5 red and 4 white balls. Find the probability that at least 1 ball was red, given that the first ball was (Upper A )Replaced before the second draw. (Upper B )Not replaced before the second draw. (A) Find the probability that at least 1 ball was red, given that the first ball was replaced before the second draw. StartFraction 24 Over 49 EndFraction (Simplify your answer. Type an integer or a fraction.) (B) Find the probability that at least 1 ball was red, given that the first ball was not replaced before the second draw.
Answer:
The answer is below
Step-by-step explanation:
The box contains 5 red and 4 white balls.
A) The probability that at least 1 ball was red = P(both are red) + P(first is red and second is white) + P(first is white second is red)
Given that the first ball was (Upper A )Replaced before the second draw:
P(both are red) = P(red) × P(red) = 5/9 × 5/9 = 25/81
P(first is red and second is white) = P(red) × P(white) = 5/9 × 4/9 = 20/81
P(first is white and second is red) = P(white) × P(red) = 4/9 × 5/9 = 20/81
The probability that at least 1 ball was red = 25/81 + 20/81 + 20/81 = 65/81
B) The probability that at least 1 ball was red = P(both are red) + P(first is red and second is white) + P(first is white second is red)
Given that the first ball was not Replaced before the second draw:
P(both are red) = P(red) × P(red) = 5/9 × 4/8 = 20/72 (since it was not replaced after the first draw the number of red ball remaining would be 4 and the total ball remaining would be 8)
P(first is red second is white) = P(red) × P(white) = 5/9 × 4/8 = 20/72
P(first is white and second is red) = P(white) × P(red) = 4/9 × 5/8 = 20/72
The probability that at least 1 ball was red = 20/72 + 20/72 + 20/72 = 60/72
A car dealer recommends that transmissions be serviced at 30,000 miles. To see whether her customers are adhering to this recommendation, the dealer selects a random sample of 40 customers and finds that the average mileage of the automobiles serviced is 30,456. The standard deviation of the population is 1684 miles. By finding the P-value, determine whether the owners are having their transmissions serviced at 30,000 miles. Use α = 0.10. Are the owners having their transmissions serviced at 30,000 miles?
Answer:
No, the owners are not having their transmissions serviced at 30,000 miles.
Step-by-step explanation:
We are given that a car dealer recommends that transmissions be serviced at 30,000 miles.
The car dealer selects a random sample of 40 customers and finds that the average mileage of the automobiles serviced is 30,456. The standard deviation of the population is 1684 miles.
Let [tex]\mu[/tex] = true average mileage of the automobiles serviced.
So, Null Hypothesis, [tex]H_0[/tex] : [tex]\mu[/tex] = 30,000 miles {means that the owners are having their transmissions serviced at 30,000 miles}
Alternate Hypothesis, [tex]H_A[/tex] : [tex]\mu\neq[/tex] 30,000 miles {means that the owners are having their transmissions serviced at different than 30,000 miles}
The test statistics that will be used here is One-sample z-test statistics because we know about population standard deviation;
T.S. = [tex]\frac{\bar X-\mu}{\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n} } }[/tex] ~ N(0,1)
where, [tex]\bar X[/tex] = sample average mileage serviced = 30,456 miles
[tex]\sigma[/tex] = population standard deviation = 1684 miles
n = sample of customers = 40
So, the test statistics = [tex]\frac{30,456-30,000}{\frac{1684}{\sqrt{40} } }[/tex]
= 1.71
The value of z-statistics is 1.71.
Also, the P-value of the test statistics is given by;
P-value = P(Z > 1.71) = 1 - P(Z [tex]\leq[/tex] 1.71)
= 1 - 0.9564 = 0.0436
For the two-tailed test, the P-value is calculated as = 2 [tex]\times[/tex] 0.0436 = 0.0872.
Since the P-value of our test statistics is less than the level of significance as 0.0872 < 0.10, so we have sufficient evidence to reject our null hypothesis as the test statistics will fall in the rejection region.
Therefore, we conclude that the owners are having their transmissions serviced at different than 30,000 miles.
in the factory 25 men working 26 hour can produce 1300 radios . how manny hours must the same group of men work to produce 450 radios
Answer:
9 hours
Step-by-step explanation:
Since the group of men remains the same, number of hours is proportional to number of radios.
1300/26 = 450/h
h = 26 * 450 / 1300 = 9 hours
Find the sum of the first 12 terms of the sequence 512, 256, 128, …
Answer: 1023.75 (a)
Step-by-step explanation:
The sequence is a Geometric progression with the common ratio of ¹/₂ and first term of 512.
a = 512, r = ¹/₂. To determine the ratio, just divide the second term by the first term.
Now to calculate the sum, we consider two formula here and select the one that is most appropriate,
(1) a( rⁿ - 1 )/r - 1, when r is greater than 1
(2) a( 1 - rⁿ )/1 - rⁿ, when r is less than 1.
In this question, formula 2 shall be appropriate because r is less than 1.
so,
S₁₂ = 512( 1 - 0.5¹² )/1 - 0.5
512( 1 - 2.44 ₓ 10⁻⁴ )/0.5
= 512( 0,9998 )/0.5
= 511.875/0.5
= 1023.75
The answer is a
Researchers recorded that a certain bacteria population declined from 450,000 to 900 in 30 hours at this rate of decay how many bacteria will there be in 13 hours
Answer:
30,455
Step-by-step explanation:
Exponential decay
y = a(1 - b)^x
y = final amount
a = initial amount
b = rate of decay
x = time
We are looking for the rate of decay, b.
900 = 450000(1 - b)^30
1 = 500(1 - b)^30
(1 - b)^30 = 0.002
1 - b = 0.002^(1/30)
1 - b = 0.81289
b = 0.1871
The equation for our case is
y = 450000(1 - 0.1871)^x
We are looking for the amount in 13 hours, so x = 13.
y = 450000(1 - 0.1871)^13
y = 30,455
A health insurer has determined that the "reasonable and customary" fee for a certain medical procedure is $1200. They suspect that the average fee charged by one particular clinic for this procedure is higher than $1200.
Explain in context the conclusion of the test if H0 is rejected.
Answer:
For the null hypothesis to be rejected , then the conclusion of the test is that the absolute values of the z-statistic and/or the t-test statistic is greater than the critical value
Step-by-step explanation:
Here, we want to explain the conclusion of the test given that the null hypothesis is rejected.
Mathematically, the null hypothesis is as expressed as below;
H0: μ = 1,200
The alternative hypothesis H1 would be;
H1: μ > 1,200
Now, before we can reject or accept the null hypothesis, we will need a sample size and thus calculate the test statistics and the z statistics
For us to reject the null hypothesis, one of two things, or two things must have occurred.
The absolute value of the z statistic |z| or the test statistic |t| must be greater than the critical value.
If this happens, then we can make a rejection of the null hypothesis
An economist is interested in studying the income of consumers in a particular region. The population standard deviation is known to be $1,000. A random sample of 50 individuals resulted in an average income of $15,000. What is the width of the 90% confidence interval
Answer:
The width is [tex]w = 282.8[/tex]
Step-by-step explanation:
From the question we are told that
The sample size is n = 50
The population standard deviation is [tex]\sigma = \$ 1000[/tex]
The sample size is [tex]\= x = \$ 15,000[/tex]
Given that the confidence level is 90% then the level of significance can be mathematically represented as
[tex]\alpha = 100 - 90[/tex]
[tex]\alpha = 10 \%[/tex]
[tex]\alpha = 0.10[/tex]
Next we obtain the critical value of [tex]\frac{\alpha }{2}[/tex] from the normal distribution table, the value is
[tex]Z_{\frac{0.10 }{2} } = 1.645[/tex]
Generally the margin of error is mathematically represented as
[tex]E = Z_{\frac{0.10}{2} } * \frac{\sigma }{\sqrt{n} }[/tex]
substituting values
[tex]E = 1.645 * \frac{1000 }{\sqrt{50 }}[/tex]
=> [tex]E = 141.42[/tex]
The width of the 90% confidence level is mathematically represented as
[tex]w = 2 * E[/tex]
substituting values
[tex]w = 2 * 141.42[/tex]
[tex]w = 282.8[/tex]
What is the median of these figure skating ratings?
6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
Answer:
The median would be 7.0.
Step-by-step explanation:
The median of a set of numbers means it is the middle number. since this set has 7 numbers you would need to find the number that is in the middle of the set. This would be the 4th number since it is in the middle. 7.0 is your answer.
a family spent $93 at a carnival.
*they spent $18 on tickets and $30 on food. they spent the rest of the money on games.
which equation can be used to to find "g", the amount of money used on games.
Answer: 93-(18+30)=g
93-48=g
45=g
Step-by-step explanation: yup
The answer is 93-18-30-g=0 or 18+30+g=93
A total of n bar magnets are placed end to end in a line with random independent orientations. Adjacent like poles repel while ends with opposite polarities join to form blocks. Let X be the number of blocks of joined magnets. Find E(X) and Var(X).
Answer:
E(x) [tex]= \frac{n+1}{2}[/tex]
Var(x) [tex]= \frac{1}{4} [ n - 1 ][/tex]
Step-by-step explanation:
Hint x = 1 + x1 + ......... Xn-1
[tex]X_{i} = \left \{ {{1} if the ith adjacent pair of magnets repel each other \atop {0} if ith adjacent pair of magnets join} \right.[/tex]
attached below is the detailed solutioN
usually like poles of magnets repel each other and unlike poles of magnets attract each other forming a block
Evaluate the double integral ∬Ry2x2+y2dA, where R is the region that lies between the circles x2+y2=16 and x2+y2=121, by changing to polar coordinates.
Answer:
See answer and graph below
Step-by-step explanation:
∬Ry2x2+y2dA
=∫Ry.2x.2+y.2dA
=A(2y+4Ryx)+c
=∫Ry.2x.2+y.2dA
Integral of a constant ∫pdx=px
=(2x+2.2Ryx)A
=A(2y+4Ryx)
=A(2y+4Ryx)+c
The graph of y=A(2y+4Ryx)+c assuming A=1 and c=2
The evaluation of the double integral is [tex]\mathbf{ \dfrac{105}{2}\pi }[/tex]
The double integral [tex]\mathbf{\int \int _R\ \dfrac{y^2}{x^2+y^2} \ dA}[/tex], where R is the region that lies between
the circles [tex]\mathbf{x^2 +y^2 = 16 \ and \ x^2 + y^2 = 121}[/tex].
Let consider x = rcosθ and y = rsinθ because x² + y² = r²;
Now, the double integral can be written in polar coordinates as:
[tex]\mathbf{\implies \int \int _R\ \dfrac{y^2}{x^2+y^2} \ dxdy}[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\implies \int \int _R\ \dfrac{r^2 \ sin^2 \theta}{r^2} \ rdrd\theta}[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\implies \int \int _R\ \ sin^2 \theta \ r \ drd\theta}[/tex]
Thus, the integral becomes:
[tex]\mathbf{=\int^{2 \pi}_{0} sin^2 \theta d\theta \int ^{11}_{4} rdr }[/tex]
since 2sin² = 1 - cos2θ∴
[tex]\mathbf{=\int^{2 \pi}_{0} \dfrac{1-cos 2 \theta }{2} \ \theta \ d\theta\dfrac{r}{2} \Big|^{11}_{4}dr }[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\implies \dfrac{1}{2} \Big[\theta - \dfrac{sin \ 2 \theta}{2}\Big]^{2 \pi}_{0} \ \times\Big[ \dfrac{11^2-4^2}{2}\Big]}[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\implies \dfrac{\pi}{2} \times\Big[ 121-16\Big]}[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\implies \dfrac{105}{2}\pi }[/tex]
Learn more about double integral here:
https://brainly.com/question/19756166
limit chapter~ anyone can help me with these questions?
please gimme clear explanation :)
Step-by-step explanation:
I(S) = aS / (S + c)
As S approaches infinity, S becomes much larger than c. So S + c is approximately equal to just S.
lim(S→∞) I(S)
= lim(S→∞) aS / (S + c)
= lim(S→∞) aS / S
= lim(S→∞) a
= a
As S approaches infinity, I(S) approaches a.