Neo-Freudians, also known as psychodynamic theorists, were a group of psychologists who built upon Sigmund Freud's original psychoanalytic theory while introducing their own modifications and perspectives.
Neo-Freudians expanded upon Freud's psychoanalytic theory by incorporating new concepts, such as the role of social and cultural factors, the importance of interpersonal relationships, and the influence of the unconscious mind on human behavior.
Here are some key ways in which the neo-Freudians' thought differs from Freud's original theory:
1. Focus on Social and Cultural Factors: Neo-Freudians emphasized the influence of social and cultural factors on personality development, in addition to Freud's emphasis on biological and instinctual drives. They recognized the importance of environmental and interpersonal factors in shaping personality and behavior.
2. Less Emphasis on Sexual Instincts: While Freud placed significant emphasis on the role of sexual instincts and libido, some neo-Freudians, such as Carl Jung and Alfred Adler, de-emphasized or expanded the importance of sexuality. They focused on broader aspects of human motivation, including social relationships, self-esteem, and the search for meaning.
3. Individual Psychology and Self-Development: Neo-Freudians like Alfred Adler and Karen Horney introduced their own theories of personality development, which focused on the individual's striving for superiority and the influence of early childhood experiences on shaping personality. They explored concepts such as birth order, social interest, and the impact of parental relationships.
4. Emphasis on Ego and Conscious Mind: Neo-Freudians gave more prominence to the role of the ego and the conscious mind in personality development and functioning. They believed that the ego plays a more active and adaptive role in mediating between the unconscious forces and the demands of reality.
5. Therapeutic Approaches: Neo-Freudians developed their own therapeutic approaches, such as Carl Jung's analytical psychology and Alfred Adler's individual psychology. These approaches often incorporated elements of Freud's psychoanalysis but also incorporated new techniques and perspectives.
Overall, the neo-Freudians retained certain aspects of Freud's theories while expanding and modifying others to account for the social, cultural, and individual factors that influence human behavior and personality. They broadened the scope of psychoanalysis and contributed to the development of diverse psychodynamic theories.
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Behavior models of the etiology for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders emphasize
a) classical conditioning.
b) operant conditioning.
c) punishment.
d) stimulus-response relationships.
Behavior models of the etiology for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders emphasize classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
The behavioral model states that the personality is shaped by learned behaviors based on past experiences. The goal of this model is to identify and modify maladaptive behaviors that may have been learned through classical and operant conditioning, observational learning, or other forms of learning.Behavior models of the etiology for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders emphasize classical conditioning and operant conditioning. OCD is usually thought to arise from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, with the exact cause of the illness still unknown.The behavioral model emphasizes that individuals learn to repeat behaviors that reduce anxiety through classical conditioning. This type of conditioning can cause an individual to associate a previously neutral stimulus with a fearful one, causing anxiety. By using avoidance or compulsive behaviors, the individual may then reduce this anxiety. For example, if someone was bit by a dog and is now afraid of dogs, they might avoid dogs or engage in compulsive behaviors when they see one. Through this repetition of behavior, the individual might learn that avoiding or performing compulsive behaviors is the best way to reduce their anxiety.
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between the seventh and the ninth days after fertilization, __________ occurs.
Between the seventh and the ninth days after fertilization, an essential process known as implantation occurs.
After fertilization, when the sperm and egg unite, the resulting embryo begins to divide and develop. Around the seventh to ninth day, the embryo reaches the blastocyst stage, a hollow ball of cells. It then moves down the fallopian tube and attaches itself to the thickened uterine lining, a process called implantation. During implantation, the blastocyst burrows into the endometrium, or the lining of the uterus, and establishes a connection with the mother's blood supply. This connection allows for the exchange of nutrients and waste between the embryo and the mother, providing the necessary support for further development and pregnancy.
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Which of the following would best fit the definition of a NORC?
A. a nursing home set up to resemble an apartment living situation
B. a planned retirement village in Florida where only those 65+ can live
C. a community in Arizona where many 65+ people have relocated to due to the nice weather and multiple facilities that cater to their needs
D. an assisted living facility that offers various stages of assistance
A NORC stands for Naturally Occurring Retirement Community. It is a type of community where a large percentage of the residents are older adults, usually age 60 or older.
Based on the given options, the community in Arizona where many 65+ people have relocated to due to the nice weather and multiple facilities that cater to their needs would best fit the definition of a NORC.In NORCs, the seniors are aging in place and continue to live in their homes for as long as possible. The community of older adults provides support and services to one another and relies on informal support, which is essential to their well-being. A NORC may or may not be a planned retirement community, but it emerges naturally over time. Hence, the correct option is (C) a community in Arizona where many 65+ people have relocated to due to the nice weather and multiple facilities that cater to their needs.
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Studies of public opinion suggest that for the majority of Americans, ideology
a. influences basic attitudes but not choices of candidates.
b. is quite important in making political judgments.
c. is not very important.
d. is determined by social class.
e. overrides political party affiliation.
Studies of public opinion suggest that for the majority of Americans, ideology is quite important in making political judgments. The correct option is (b).
Studies of public opinion suggest that ideology is quite important in making political judgments for the majority of Americans. This suggests that people's beliefs and values have a great impact on their decision-making process and their political views, even when it comes to the choice of candidates. While social class, political party affiliation, and other factors also play a role, ideology remains a key influence on how people perceive and evaluate political issues and policies. How people think about politics can shape their opinions on a variety of issues. For example, those who identify as liberal may be more likely to support progressive social policies, while those who identify as conservative may be more likely to support traditional values and free-market economics. These ideological differences can be seen in public opinion polling on issues such as gun control, immigration, and climate change, where there are often stark differences between the views of liberals and conservatives. In conclusion, ideology plays a crucial role in shaping public opinion and is quite important in making political judgments for the majority of Americans.
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which person best illustrates sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence?
Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence is measured in terms of academic, problem-solving and verbal reasoning ability. He describes that analytical intelligence is the ability to analyze, evaluate, judge, and compare.
Sternberg described analytical intelligence as the ability to analyze, evaluate, judge, and compare. People with high analytical intelligence are skilled at breaking down complex problems into smaller, more manageable parts, then assessing and evaluating the different parts to form an overall solution.
Albert Einstein is one person that would fit this criteria. He was well-known for his academic achievements, particularly in mathematics and physics, and his ability to solve complex problems. Einstein's discovery of the theory of relativity and his contribution to the development of the atomic bomb are just a few examples of his analytical ability.
In addition to his academic and problem-solving abilities, Einstein was also highly competent at verbal reasoning. He was able to communicate complex ideas in a clear and concise way, which is a key characteristic of analytical intelligence. His ability to explain complex scientific theories in simple terms is still admired today.
In conclusion, Albert Einstein best illustrates Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence. He was highly skilled at analyzing, evaluating, judging, and comparing complex problems, which is the hallmark of analytical intelligence. Additionally, Einstein was highly competent at verbal reasoning and was able to communicate complex ideas in a clear and concise way.
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the book of mark belongs to the section of the new testament known as
The book of Mark belongs to the section of the New Testament known as the Gospels.
The book of Mark belongs to the section of the New Testament known as the Gospels.Within the New Testament, the Gospels—which include Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John—make up a separate division. They are narratives of Jesus Christ's life, ministry, teachings, death, and resurrection. Along with Matthew and Luke, Mark's Gospel is acknowledged as one of the synoptic Gospels, which indicates that their narrative structures and subject matter are comparable. The gospel of Mark places a strong emphasis on Jesus' deeds and presents him as a dynamic and strong character. The Gospels serve as a record of Jesus' life and teachings and are fundamental texts for the Christian faith.The book of Mark is an integral part of the New Testament, specifically belonging to the section known as the Gospels. The Gospels, comprising Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, form a distinct division within the New Testament. They collectively provide detailed accounts of Jesus Christ's life, ministry, teachings, death, and resurrection. Mark's Gospel, alongside Matthew and Luke, is recognized as one of the synoptic Gospels, highlighting their similar narrative structures and subject matter.Mark's Gospel stands out for its notable emphasis on Jesus' actions, presenting him as a dynamic and powerful figure. Through vivid descriptions and compelling storytelling, Mark portrays Jesus as a compassionate healer, an authoritative teacher, and a humble servant. The Gospel emphasizes Jesus' miracles and the impact they had on those who witnessed them, reflecting the transformative power of his ministry.For more questions on book of Mark:
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Freud suggested that a man's inability to remember his childhood Oedipus complexillustrates:A) rationalization.B) fixation.C) repression.D) displacement.
According to Freud, C) repression is a defence mechanism by which an individual deals with the anxiety that accompanies unacceptable impulses by excluding them from awareness.
A person may do this by consciously repressing them or by forming an unconscious resistance that distorts or transforms them into a less threatening manifestation.The Oedipus complex, as described by Freud, suggests that young boys have unconscious sexual desires for their mother and aggressive impulses toward their father. The boy perceives his father as a threat and sees him as a rival for his mother's affections. As a result, the boy experiences anxiety and fear of castration (castration complex), which he represses unconsciously. In the end, the boy begins to identify with his father and internalize his moral and ethical standards. Freud suggested that the inability to recall the childhood Oedipus complex is a sign of repression. If the mind represses the castration complex, it's impossible to recall the Oedipal situation. Therefore, the answer to the question above is C) repression.
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in the open ocean surface currents are most affected by
In the open ocean, surface currents are most affected by wind, which creates large-scale circulatory patterns known as gyres. Winds tend to cause water movement at the surface of the ocean. The effect of wind on the surface of the ocean is known as the Ekman Effect.
Currents are caused by the interaction between several variables, including temperature, pressure, wind, and salinity. Surface currents, however, are primarily driven by the wind. The surface currents are driven by the major wind belts, which occur at latitudes where the trade winds and prevailing westerlies converge. These major wind belts, known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), the Subtropical High-Pressure Belt (STHPB), and the Polar Easterlies, each drive the ocean's surface currents.
The ITCZ is a low-pressure region that surrounds the equator. Here, the trade winds from the Northern and Southern hemispheres converge, causing air to rise, cool, and condense into clouds and rain. The STHPB is a high-pressure zone at around 30° N and 30° S. The air at this high-pressure zone descends, warming and drying as it does so. The polar easterlies, which occur around the poles, are the result of the cold air sinking at the poles, where it then flows towards the equator.
Surface currents in the open ocean are mostly affected by wind, which is responsible for creating large-scale circulatory patterns known as gyres. The Ekman Effect is the result of wind on the surface of the ocean, which causes water movement. The Coriolis effect causes water movement to the right of the wind direction in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. The flow at the bottom of the ocean, known as deep-sea currents, is influenced by changes in temperature and salt content, which alter water density.
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which is the most basic human need, as suggested by abraham maslow?
The most basic human need, as suggested by Abraham Maslow in his hierarchy of needs, is physiological needs.
Maslow proposed that individuals have a hierarchy of needs that must be fulfilled in a specific order, and physiological needs form the foundation of this hierarchy. Physiological needs refer to the fundamental requirements for human survival, such as food, water, shelter, clothing, and other biological necessities. These needs are essential for maintaining bodily functions and sustaining life. Without fulfilling physiological needs, individuals would struggle to meet higher-level needs and strive for self-actualization. Maslow's hierarchy of needs progresses from physiological needs to safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and finally, self-actualization needs. According to Maslow's theory, individuals must satisfy their physiological needs before they can move up the hierarchy and pursue higher-level psychological and self-fulfillment needs.
Therefore, the most basic human need, according to Abraham Maslow, is the fulfillment of physiological needs.
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"nativism" included religious prejudice against all the following except
Nativism included religious prejudice against all of the following except "Protestant Christians".The word "nativism" refers to the protectionist views of individuals who are born in a specific area, often a country.
In the early 19th century, the United States saw the first large-scale expression of this phenomenon. Nativists feared that the recent influx of immigrants would undermine their economic prosperity and degrade American culture.The religious prejudice that resulted from nativism was mostly directed against Roman Catholics. Protestants were not targeted by nativists because the majority of the US population was already Protestant at that time. The nativist sentiment had a significant impact on American politics and social dynamics during the 19th and early 20th centuries, affecting everything from immigration laws to labor relations.
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Albert ran a stoplight and pulled out in front of another car, causing an accident. albert said the stoplight hindered his view. albert is demonstrating self-______
Albert is demonstrating self-justification by blaming the stoplight for hindering his view and downplaying his own responsibility in causing the accident.
Albert's behavior indicates self-justification, a cognitive process where individuals rationalize their actions or decisions to maintain a positive self-image. By claiming that the stoplight hindered his view, Albert is attempting to shift the blame away from himself and onto external factors. This allows him to maintain the belief that he is not at fault for the accident.
Self-justification is a common psychological defense mechanism used to protect one's self-esteem and preserve a positive self-image. People engage in self-justification to reduce cognitive dissonance, the uncomfortable feeling that arises when their actions or beliefs conflict with each other. In this case, Albert's action of running the stoplight conflicts with his desire to perceive himself as a responsible and careful driver.
By attributing the cause of the accident to the stoplight, Albert is minimizing his own role and avoiding feelings of guilt or shame. This cognitive distortion allows him to justify his behavior and maintain a positive self-perception. However, it is important to recognize that self-justification can hinder personal growth and accountability, as individuals may be less likely to learn from their mistakes or take responsibility for the consequences of their actions.
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srwe practice pt skills assessment (ptsa) - part 2
SRWE practice PT skills assessment (PTSA) - Part 2 is a simulation-based training program that is designed to help healthcare students develop the necessary skills needed to become a Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA).
The program includes interactive simulations that help students learn how to perform various physical therapy procedures, including patient evaluation, therapeutic exercises, and mobility training. The PTSA program is divided into several parts, with each part focusing on a different aspect of physical therapy procedures.Part 2 of the PTSA program focuses on the following:1. Introduction to the Musculoskeletal System: The program begins with an introduction to the musculoskeletal system and its importance in the human body.2. Patient Evaluation: Students are taught how to perform a thorough patient evaluation, which includes assessing a patient's range of motion, muscle strength, and functional abilities.3. Treatment Planning: Once the evaluation is complete, students learn how to develop a treatment plan that is tailored to the patient's specific needs.4. Therapeutic Exercises: The program includes simulations that allow students to practice various therapeutic exercises designed to improve a patient's range of motion, muscle strength, and endurance.5. Mobility Training: Students learn how to help patients improve their mobility and reduce the risk of falls by using assistive devices, such as canes, crutches, and walkers.In conclusion, part 2 of the SRWE practice PT skills assessment (PTSA) program focuses on the introduction to the musculoskeletal system, patient evaluation, treatment planning, therapeutic exercises, and mobility training. It is an important part of the PTSA program and helps students develop the skills they need to become successful Physical Therapist Assistants.
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4. The two major categories of the processes used by individuals for behavior change are
a. cognitive and physiological
b. cognitive and behavioral
c. social and physiological
d. behavioral and social
e. cognitive and social
The two major categories of the processes used by individuals for behavior change are cognitive and behavioral.
Behavior change is a term that refers to the deliberate steps taken to alter unhealthy or undesirable behaviors. It involves a series of actions and choices that you take on a regular basis. In the case of health promotion, behavior change refers to the process of adopting healthy lifestyle habits.What are the cognitive and behavioral processes?The two major categories of the processes used by individuals for behavior change are cognitive and behavioral.Cognitive Processes - cognitive processes involve the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, problem-solving, and decision making. These processes are often used in the preparation stage of behavior change and can include activities such as goal setting, self-monitoring, and decision making. The cognitive process includes a person's thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes that influence behavior change.Behavioral Processes - behavioral processes involve the observable actions associated with changing behavior. These processes are often used in the action and maintenance stages of behavior change and can include activities such as self-rewarding, positive reinforcement, and relapse prevention. The behavioral process includes a person's action, practice, and maintenance of behavior change.The correct option is B. Cognitive and Behavioral.
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for redistribution to be possible, a society must have
For redistribution to be possible, a society must have an economic system, wealthy and poor classes, laws and regulations, and a government or an authority that is responsible for the collection and distribution of resources.
An economic system An economic system is a framework that outlines how a society uses and distributes its resources to produce goods and services. This framework must be present in a society for redistribution to be possible.
Wealthy and Poor Classes In any given society, there must be two classes, wealthy and poor. The wealthy are the people who have more resources while the poor are people who have less. Redistribution will involve taking from the wealthy and distributing the resources to the less wealthy members of the society.
Laws and regulations There must be laws and regulations that govern the collection and distribution of resources. Without these laws and regulations, redistribution will not be possible.
A government or an authority The government or an authority plays a critical role in the collection and distribution of resources. The government must have the legal mandate to collect and redistribute resources to the poor people in the society.
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