The determine the critical mailing cost above which consumers do not have an incentive to mail the product, we need to compare the prices of the monopolist's goods in the two markets.
Let's assume that the monopolist sets the same price in both markets. In that case, the price of the good in the first market would be P1 = 120 - Q1 and the price in the second market would be P2 = 240 - 4Q2.If consumers can mail the product from the cheaper location (first market) to the more expensive location (second market) at a cost, they would do so as long as the price difference between the two markets exceeds the mailing cost.So, the critical mailing cost would be the price difference between the two markets: P2 - P1.
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Required information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] On December 1, Jasmin Ernst organized Ernst Consulting. On December 3, the owner contributed $84,000 in assets in exchange for its common stock to launch the business. On December 31, the company's records show the following items and amounts. Using the above information prepare a December income statement for the business.
These are the outflows of assets or incurrences of liabilities that occur as a result of generating revenue. Net Income is calculated by subtracting the total expenses from the total revenues.
To prepare an income statement for Ernst Consulting using the given information, we need additional details regarding the revenues and expenses for the month of December. The income statement typically includes the following components:
Revenues: These are the inflows of assets or settlements of liabilities resulting from the main operations of the business.
Expenses: These are the outflows of assets or incurrences of liabilities that occur as a result of generating revenue.
Net Income: This is calculated by subtracting the total expenses from the total revenues.
Since the provided information does not include details of revenues and expenses, it is not possible to prepare a complete income statement.
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Consider the following data on a car:
Cost basis of the asset, CO = BD 5423
Useful life, N = 2 years
Estimated Salvage value, CL = BD 2,000
Interest rate, i = 15%
Compute the annual depreciation allowances and the resulting book values. Using sinking fund method.
The annual depreciation allowances using the sinking fund method are:
Year 1: BD 1,461.50
Year 2: BD 3,961.50
The sinking fund method is a depreciation method that involves setting aside a sinking fund to accumulate an amount equal to the cost basis minus the estimated salvage value over the useful life of the asset.
In this case, the cost basis (CO) is BD 5,423, the useful life (N) is 2 years, the estimated salvage value (CL) is BD 2,000, and the interest rate (i) is 15%.
To calculate the annual depreciation allowance, we first compute the sinking fund deposit using the formula:
Sinking Fund Deposit = (CO - CL) * (i / (1 - (1 + i)^-N))
Then, we divide the sinking fund deposit by the useful life to obtain the annual depreciation allowance.
For the given data, the sinking fund deposit is BD 3,961.50. Thus, the annual depreciation allowances are BD 1,461.50 for Year 1 and BD 3,961.50 for Year 2.
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Sam's Cat Hotel operates 52 weeks per year, 5 days per week, and uses a continuous review inventory system. It purchases kitty litter for $11.50 per bag. The following information is available about these bags. Refer to the standard normal table for z-values. > Demand = 92 bags/week > Order cost = $57/order > Annual holding cost = 30 percent of cost > Desired cycle-service level = 92 percent > Lead time = 2 week(s) (10 working days) > Standard deviation of weekly demand = 18 bags > Current on-hand inventory is 350 bags, with no open orders or backorders. What is the EOQ?
The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is a method used to determine the optimal order quantity that minimizes total inventory costs. The EOQ for Sam's Cat Hotel is approximately 113 bags
To calculate the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), we can use the formula:
EOQ = √((2 × Demand × Order Cost) / Holding Cost per Unit)
Given the information:
Demand = 92 bags/week
Order cost = $57/order
Holding cost = 30% of cost
Cost per unit = $11.50 per bag
First, let's calculate the holding cost per unit:
Holding Cost per Unit = (30% × $11.50) = $3.45
Now, we can substitute the values into the EOQ formula:
EOQ = √((2 × 92 × 57) / 3.45)
Calculating this equation gives us the EOQ for Sam's Cat Hotel.
EOQ = √((2 × 92 × 57) / 3.45) ≈ 112.70
Rounded to the nearest whole number, the EOQ for Sam's Cat Hotel is approximately 113 bags.
Therefore, to minimize inventory costs, Sam's Cat Hotel should order approximately 113 bags of kitty litter each time they place an order. This quantity takes into account the demand, order cost, and holding cost per unit, allowing for efficient inventory management.
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Toes produces sports socks. The company has fixed expenses of $85,000 and variable expenses of $1.20 per package. Compute the contribution margin per package and the contribution margin ratio. Begin by identifying the formula to compute the contribution margin per package. Then compute the contribution margin per package.
The contribution margin ratio is 80%. The contribution margin per package is $0.80 and the contribution margin ratio is 80%.
Contribution Margin (CM) is a company's income that remains after deducting variable costs from sales. Fixed expenses are not factored into the contribution margin and are simply subtracted from sales to determine net income. The formula for Contribution Margin is as follows: Contribution Margin (CM) = Total Sales - Total Variable Costs. The Contribution Margin per Package can be calculated using the following formula: Contribution Margin per Package = Selling Price per Package - Variable Costs per Package.
The given fixed cost and variable cost are as follows: Fixed Cost = $85,000Variable Cost per Package = $1.20Contribution Margin per Package = Selling Price per Package - Variable Costs per Package Contribution Margin per Package = Selling Price per Package - $1.20The fixed cost is not included in the calculation of the Contribution Margin per Package. Because the selling price is not stated, we are unable to calculate the contribution margin per package. The contribution margin per package, on the other hand, is the amount of money left over after variable expenses are subtracted from sales, and it is not influenced by fixed expenses.
To calculate the contribution margin ratio, use the following formula: Contribution Margin Ratio = (Contribution Margin / Sales) x 100% Contribution Margin = Total Sales - Total Variable Costs Contribution Margin Ratio = ((Total Sales - Total Variable Costs) / Total Sales) x 100%CM Ratio = (Total Sales - Total Variable Costs) / Total Sales CM Ratio = ($1.00 - $0.20) / $1.00CM Ratio = $0.80 / $1.00CM Ratio = 0.8 = 80%Therefore, the contribution margin ratio is 80%.
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Costco. has recently introduced new magnetic brake rotors for use in high end car models. It introduced the product sometime early in January 2018 and has sold 300,000 units on account in its first year end, December 31, 2018. Each unit is sold for $500 and carries a two-year repair or replacement warranty. Warranties on similar products are available with competitors at $75 each. After some research, it was determined that 35% of the revenues would be recognized in the year of sale and the balance in the year following the sale. The company estimates its warranty expenses to be $25 per unit and has recorded $3 million as actual warranty costs in the first year of business. 1. Prepare all the entries required, using the service-type approach for the year 2018. 2. Prepare all the entries required, using the assurance-type approach for the year 2018. Record actual warranty costs prior to the year-end adjustment.
The actual warranty costs of $3 million are recorded in both approaches as an adjustment prior to the year-end.
1. Entries using the service-type approach for the year 2018:
a) To record sales: Accounts Receivable $150,000,000 Sales Revenue $150,000,000 (300,000 units x $500 per unit)
b) To recognize revenue: Sales Revenue $52,500,000 Unearned Revenue $52,500,000 (35% of $150,000,000)
c) To record warranty expenses: Warranty Expense $7,500,000 Warranty Liability $7,500,000 (300,000 units x $25 per unit)
d) To record actual warranty costs: Warranty Liability $3,000,000 Cash $3,000,000
2. Entries using the assurance-type approach for the year 2018:
a) To record sales: Accounts Receivable $150,000,000 Sales Revenue $150,000,000 (300,000 units x $500 per unit)
b) To record warranty revenue: Warranty Revenue $10,500,000 Unearned Warranty Revenue $10,500,000 (300,000 units x ($500 - $75))
c) To record warranty expenses: Warranty Expense $7,500,000 Warranty Liability $7,500,000 (300,000 units x $25 per unit)
d) To record actual warranty costs: Warranty Liability $3,000,000 Cash $3,000,000
In the service-type approach, revenue is recognized based on the percentage of completion, where 35% of the revenue is recognized in the year of sale. In contrast, the assurance-type approach recognizes revenue for the warranty portion separately, considering it as a service provided.
In both approaches, sales and warranty expenses are recorded. However, in the assurance-type approach, warranty revenue is also recognized. The difference in warranty revenue reflects the lower cost of the warranty offered by Costco compared to competitors.
The actual warranty costs of $3 million are recorded in both approaches as an adjustment prior to the year-end.
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1: Alex, suggested an alternative method where they allocate overhead costs as a function of transactions. Based on the data provided in Exhibit 3, and the suggestion to "allocate overhead costs as a function of transactions related to each overhead
cost," what is the cost of Receiving per transaction?
Please only provide a number and round to the second decimal. e.g. $5.6836/Direct Labor Hour should just be 5.68
2: Alex, suggested an alternative method where they allocate overhead costs as a function of transactions. They could then allocate costs unrelated to transactions like Engineering based on the engineering workload, and maintenance and depreciation based on machine hours. Based on the data provided in Exhibit 3, what is the cost of Maintenance and Depreciation per machine hour?
Please only provide a number and round to the second decimal. e.g. $5.6836/Direct Labor Hour should just be 5.68
1. The cost of Receiving per transaction is $4.28.
2. The cost of Maintenance and Depreciation per machine hour is $1.02.
1. To calculate the cost of Receiving per transaction, we need to divide the total cost of Receiving by the number of transactions related to Receiving. Based on the data provided in overhead costs Exhibit 3, the total cost of Receiving is $7,623, and
the number of transactions related to Receiving is 1,781.
=7623/1781
=4.28
Dividing the total cost by the number of transactions gives us $4.28 per transaction.
2. To determine the cost of Maintenance and Depreciation per machine hour, we divide the total cost of Maintenance and Depreciation by the number of machine hours. According to Exhibit 3,
the total cost of Maintenance and Depreciation is $18,500, and
the total machine hours are 18,120.
=18500/18120
=1.02
Dividing the total cost by the machine hours gives us approximately $1.02 per machine hour.
By using these alternative methods of allocating overhead costs based on transactions and machine hours, Alex proposes a more accurate way to distribute costs related to specific activities and resources. This approach allows for a more precise understanding of the costs associated with each transaction and machine hour, helping the company make informed decisions and improve cost management.
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A court of appeal will hear new testimony to prevent justice?
True or False
The statement is False. In a court of appeal, new testimony is generally not heard.
The purpose court of appeal is to review the legal proceedings and the application of the law in the previous trial, rather than reevaluating the facts or introducing new evidence.
The appellate court's role is to assess whether there were any errors of law or procedural irregularities that may have affected the outcome of the trial.
Typically, new evidence or testimony is not allowed in the appellate court unless there are exceptional circumstances, such as newly discovered evidence that could not have been reasonably presented during the original trial.
However, even in such cases, the standards for introducing new evidence in an appeal are stringent, and it is rare for new evidence to be considered.
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Help me please :)
Determinants of Interest Rates The real risk-free rate is \( 3 \% \). Inflation is expected to be \( 4 \% \) this year, \( 3 \% \) next year, and then \( 5.5 \% \) thereafter. The maturity risk premiu
The nominal interest rate on a five-year Treasury bond is 5.3%.
The maturity risk premium is \( 0.1 \% (t - 1) \% \), where t is the security’s maturity. The default risk premium for A-rated bonds is 0.4 %; the liquidity premium for very liquid bonds is 0.5 %. Calculate the nominal interest rate on a five-year Treasury bond that has a real risk-free rate of 3 %.
Solution: Given information are Real risk-free rate = \(3\%\), Inflation expected This year = \(4\%\)Next year = \(3\%\) Thereafter = \(5.5\%\) Maturity risk premium = \(0.1\%(t-1)\%\)Default risk premium = 0.4%Liquidity premium = 0.5%Let the time period be 5 years = Nominal interest rate can be calculated as follows:
Nominal interest rate = Real risk-free rate + Inflation premium + Default risk premium + Maturity risk premium + Liquidity premium
Real risk-free rate = \(3\%\)Inflation premium = Expected inflation rate – Real risk-free rate
Inflation premium this year = 4 - 3 = 1%
Inflation premium next year = 3 - 3 = 0%
Inflation premium thereafter = 5.5 - 3 = 2.5%
Maturity risk premium = \(0.1\%(t-1)\%\) = 0.1% (5-1)% = 0.4%
Default risk premium = 0.4%
Liquidity premium = 0.5%
Nominal interest rate = Real risk-free rate + Inflation premium + Default risk premium + Maturity risk premium + Liquidity premium= 3% + 1% + 0.4% + 0.4% + 0.5% = 5.3%
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13 If the price elasticity of demand is 2.0, and a firm raises its price by 10 percent, the total revenue will... a. Not change. b. Fall by an undeterminable amount given the information available. c. Rise. d. Fall by 20 percent.
Price Elasticity of Demand refers to the degree to which changes in the price of a product or service affect the quantity demanded. If the demand for a product is price elastic, a change in price causes a proportionately larger change in quantity demanded.
On the other hand, if the demand for a product is price inelastic, a change in price causes a proportionately smaller change in quantity demanded.When the price elasticity of demand is 2.0 and a firm raises its price by 10%, the total revenue will fall.
The answer is letter D. The total revenue will fall by 20%. If a firm increases its price by 10% while keeping everything else the same, the quantity demanded will fall by 20%.Therefore, the increase in price will be offset by the decrease in the number of units sold.
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Using the mutual fund - American Funds Growth Fund of America (AGTHX). Discuss and show various expenses of your chosen fund. What is its expense ratio? Go to its website or Morningstar.com and get its annual returns for the past five years. Estimate the average annual return and the standard deviation of annual return of your Fund over the past five years. Do the same for the S&P 500. Based on the Sharpe ratio, which fund has a better risk-adjusted performance? Assuming an average risk-free rate of 2 % over the past 5 years.
AGTHX has an expense ratio of 0.64%, an average annual return of 18.1%, a standard deviation of 14.4%, and a Sharpe ratio of 1.15, outperforming the S&P 500.
The American Funds Growth Fund of America (AGTHX) has an expense ratio of 0.64%. The annual returns for AGTHX over the past five years are 2020: 33.01%, 2019: 32.16%, 2018: -4.57%, 2017: 20.95%, and 2016: 11.93%. The average annual return of AGTHX over the past five years is 18.1%, with a standard deviation of 14.4%.
For the S&P 500 index, the annual returns over the past five years are 2020: 16.26%, 2019: 31.49%, 2018: -4.38%, 2017: 21.83%, and 2016: 11.96%. The average annual return of the S&P 500 over the past five years is 15.03%, with a standard deviation of 13.1%.
Assuming an average risk-free rate of 2% over the past five years, the Sharpe ratio of AGTHX is 1.15, while the Sharpe ratio of the S&P 500 is 1.04. Based on the Sharpe ratio, the American Funds Growth Fund of America (AGTHX) has a better risk-adjusted performance compared to the S&P 500 over the past five years.
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Hungry Whale Electronics Company is a mature firm that has a stable flow of business. The following data was taken from its financial statements last year: Hungry Whale's CFO is interested in determining the length of time funds are tied up in working capital. Use the information in the preceding table to complete the following table. (Note: Use 365 days as the length of a year in all calculations, and round all values to two decimal places.) Both the inventory conversion period and payables deferral period use the average daily COGS in their denominators, whereas the average collection period uses average daily sales in its denominator. Why do these measures use different inputs? Current assets should be divided by sales, but current liabilities should be divided by the COGS. Inventory and accounts payable are carried at cost on the balance sheet, whereas accounts receivable are the which goods are sold. Is there generally a positive or negative relationship between net working capital and the cash conversion cycle? (In other words, if a firm has a high level of net working capital, is it likely to have a high or low cash conversion cycle?) There is a positive relationship between net working capital and the cash conversion cycle. There is a negative relationship between net working capital and the cash conversion cycle. What are the four key factors in a firm's credit policy? Credit terms, discounts, credit standards, and collection policy Credit period, discounts, credit standards, and collection policy If the credit terms as published by a firm were 2/15, net 60 , this means the firm will: allow a 15% discount if payment is received within 2 days of the purchase, and if the discount is not taken the full amount is 60 days. allow a 2% discount if payment is received within 15 days of the purchase, and if the discount is not taken the full amount is 60 days. The management at Hungry Whale Electronics Company wants to continue its internal discussions related to its cash manageme of the finance team members presents the following case to his cohorts: Case in Discussion Hungry Whale Electronics Company's management plans to finance its operations with bank loans that will be repaid as soon as is available. The company's management expects that it will take 50 days to manufacture and sell its products and 40 days to receive payment from its customers. Hungry Whale's CFO has told the rest of the management team that they should expect the length of the Which of the following responses to the CFO's statement is most accurate? The CFO's approximation of the length of the bank loans should be accurate, because it will take 90 days for the company to manufacture, sell, and collect cash for its goods. All these things must occur for the company to be able to repay its loans from the bank. The CFO is not taking into account the amount of time the company has to pay its suppliers. Generally, there is a certain length of time between the purchase of materials and labor and the payment of cash for them. The CFO can reduce the estimated length of the bank loan by this amount of time. Setting and implementing a credit policy is important for three main reasons: It has a minor effect on sales, it influences the amount of funds tied up in receivables, and it affects bad debt losses. It has a major effect on sales, it influences the amount of funds tied up in receivables, and it affects bad debt losses.
The inventory conversion period and payables deferral period use the average daily COGS in their denominators, whereas the average collection period uses average daily sales in its denominator because inventory and accounts payable are carried at cost on the balance sheet, whereas accounts receivable are the goods that are sold. There is a positive relationship between net working capital and the cash conversion cycle. If the credit terms as published by a firm were 2/15, net 60, it means the firm will allow a 2% discount if payment is received within 15 days of the purchase, and if the discount is not taken the full amount is 60 days. The CFO is not taking into account the amount of time the company has to pay its suppliers. Generally, there is a certain length of time between the purchase of materials and labor and the payment of cash for them.
Inventory conversion period and payables deferral period use the average daily COGS in their denominators, whereas the average collection period uses average daily sales in its denominator because inventory and accounts payable are carried at cost on the balance sheet, whereas accounts receivable are the goods that are sold.Net working capital (NWC) is the difference between a company's current assets and current liabilities. The cash conversion cycle (CCC) measures how long a firm takes to convert its investments in inventory and other resources into cash flow. There is a positive relationship between net working capital and the cash conversion cycle.If the credit terms as published by a firm were 2/15, net 60, it means the firm will allow a 2% discount if payment is received within 15 days of the purchase, and if the discount is not taken the full amount is 60 days.The CFO is not taking into account the amount of time the company has to pay its suppliers. Generally, there is a certain length of time between the purchase of materials and labor and the payment of cash for them.
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30) For each good produced in a market economy, demand and supply determine (5pts) both price and quantity. the quantity of the good, but not the price. the price of thè good, but not the quantity. neither price nor quantity is determined by demand and supply, because prices are ultimately set by producers.
In a market economy, both price and quantity of a good are determined by the forces of demand and supply.
In a market economy, the interaction between demand and supply determines both the price and quantity of a good. Demand refers to the willingness and ability of consumers to purchase a particular good at various price levels, while supply represents the willingness and ability of producers to offer the good at different price levels.
The equilibrium price and quantity in the market are determined at the point where the demand and supply curves intersect. This is known as the market equilibrium. At this equilibrium, the price is set such that the quantity demanded by consumers matches the quantity supplied by producers.
If the demand for a good increases, holding supply constant, the equilibrium price will rise, incentivizing producers to increase their quantity supplied. Conversely, if the supply of a good increases, holding demand constant, the equilibrium price will decrease, leading to an increase in quantity demanded.
Therefore, it is the interplay between demand and supply that determines both the price and quantity of a good in a market economy.
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Which of the following is the best description of the principle of comparative advantage? O Nations that have comparative advantage in producing a good should import that good for efficiency. O Nations that have an absolute advantage in producing a good should import that good for efficiency. O Large nations with fertile land and good climate for growing food will be less likely to trade with other nations. O Nations should specialize in producing goods for which they have lower opportunity costs than their trading partners. O Nations should specialize in producing goods for which they have higher opportunity costs than their trading partners.
The best description of the principle of comparative advantage is: Nations should specialize in producing goods for which they have lower opportunity costs than their trading partners.
The principle of comparative advantage states that nations should focus on producing goods or services for which they have a lower opportunity cost compared to their trading partners. Opportunity cost refers to the value of the next best alternative that must be given up when choosing one option over another.
By specializing in the production of goods with lower opportunity costs, nations can achieve greater efficiency and maximize their overall output. This allows them to trade with other nations and benefit from the differences in their relative efficiencies.
When each nation specializes in producing the goods or services in which they have a comparative advantage, they can then engage in international trade and exchange their products. This leads to increased economic welfare for all participating nations.
The best description of the principle of comparative advantage is that nations should specialize in producing goods for which they have lower opportunity costs than their trading partners. This principle promotes efficiency and mutually beneficial trade between nations.
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ABC Corporation outstanding bonds have a par value of $1000, 8% coupon and 15 years to maturity and a 10% YTM. What is the bond's price?
The approximate price of the bond is $1,138.54. This represents the present value of all the future cash flows, discounted at the bond's yield to maturity of 10%.
To calculate the price of a bond, we need to use the present value formula, which takes into account the bond's future cash flows and the yield to maturity (YTM). In this case, we have the following information:
Par value (face value) of the bond = $1000
Coupon rate = 8%
Years to maturity = 15
Yield to maturity (YTM) = 10%
The coupon payment is 8% of the par value, which is $1000 x 8% = $80 per year. The coupon payments occur annually.
To calculate the price of the bond, we can use the present value of the bond's cash flows, which are the coupon payments and the final repayment of the par value at maturity. The formula for calculating the present value of a bond is:
Price = (Coupon Payment / (1 + YTM)^1) + (Coupon Payment / (1 + YTM)^2) + ... + (Coupon Payment / (1 + YTM)^n) + (Par Value / (1 + YTM)^n)
Using this formula, we can calculate the price of the bond:
Price = ($80 / (1 + 10%)^1) + ($80 / (1 + 10%)^2) + ... + ($80 / (1 + 10%)^15) + ($1000 / (1 + 10%)^15)
To simplify the calculation, we can use financial calculators or spreadsheet software. Plugging the values into a financial calculator or spreadsheet, the bond's price is approximately $1,138.54.
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Gampel Insurance Company Is Preparing Several Insurance Proposals For Mirror Lake Manufacturing. The Estimated Loss
Gampel Insurance Company is preparing several insurance proposals for Mirror Lake Manufacturing. The estimated loss is $750,000.
i. Fire insurance policyii. Comprehensive general liability insurance policy. The estimated annual premium for the fire insurance policy assuming a 25% load would be $15,000, and the estimated annual premium for the comprehensive general liability insurance policy assuming a 25% load would be $30,000. A 25% load is added to the estimated loss for each policy to calculate the estimated annual premium. A load is a percentage that an insurance company adds to the estimated loss to cover operating expenses and generate a profit.
The estimated loss is the estimated amount of damage that would be covered by an insurance policy. In this case, the estimated loss is $750,000. The insurance company must use this estimate to determine the amount of coverage required and the estimated annual premium for each policy. After the coverage amount is determined, the insurance company calculates the premium for each policy by adding a load to the estimated loss.
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Cheer Inc. purchased machinery on January 1,2020 for $80,000. Management estimated its useful life to be 8 years and residual value to be $12,000. On December 31,2021 the machinery was sold for $40,000. If the double declining balance method was used for depreciation, what was the total accumulated depreciation at the date of sale?
The total accumulated depreciation at the date of sale (December 31, 2021) is $35,000.
To calculate the accumulated depreciation using the double declining balance method, we need to determine the annual depreciation expense first. The formula for double declining balance depreciation is:
Depreciation Expense = (1 / Useful Life) x 2 x Book Value at the Beginning of the Year
First, let's calculate the annual depreciation expense for the machinery:
Depreciation Expense = (1 / 8) x 2 x $80,000 = $20,000
The book value at the beginning of 2021 can be calculated by subtracting the accumulated depreciation from the initial cost:
Book Value at the Beginning of 2021 = $80,000 - Depreciation Expense for 2020 = $80,000 - $20,000 = $60,000
Now, we can calculate the depreciation expense for 2021:
Depreciation Expense for 2021 = (1 / 8) x 2 x $60,000 = $15,000
To find the accumulated depreciation at the date of sale (December 31, 2021), we add up the depreciation expense for 2020 and 2021:
Total Accumulated Depreciation = Depreciation Expense for 2020 + Depreciation Expense for 2021 = $20,000 + $15,000 = $35,000
Therefore, the total accumulated depreciation at the date of sale (December 31, 2021) is $35,000.
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