How do scientists create models of past and future climate?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

To understand how our world is evolving, scientists use computer programs called climate models to forecast future climate. Climate models function in the same way that a computer lab does. Climate models are computer programs that scientists use to analyze how our world is changing.

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Related Questions

define cell and atom​

Answers

Answer:

Cell is made of molecules whereas atoms make up molecules. Cells are the smallest functioning unit in a living organism.

Atom is the smallest unit of matter. Usually, a cell is on the micrometer scale while an atom is in the angstrom scale.

OAmalOHopeO

Which of the following statements is true of cartliage and bone development

Answers

Answer:

Some cartilage becomes bone through ossification during childhood development.

Explanation:

You forgot to include options.

2.I'm strong and stiff
Getting through me is tough
I'm found only in plants
I'm what makes sticks tough What am I?

A)Golgi Body (Complex)
B)Endoplasmic Reticulum
C)Nucleus
D)Ribosomes
E)Cell membrane
F)Cell wall
G)Vacuole
H)Lysosomes
I)Vesicles
J)Chloroplast
K)Chromosomes
L)Mitocondria

Answers

Answer:

Cell wall. I'm strong and stiff . Getting through me is tough. I'm found only in plants​, but I guess ... You can find me in the cytoplasm or attached to E.R.'s wall.

Bio--Plant and Animal Cells Flashcards | Quizlet

Explanation:

why your 21st century sophisticated, how do you explain the role of the plant in the change of the air in the jar​

Answers

Answer: The gas of Fire constrains the atoms that make up oxygen in the air. Plants release oxygen, and take in carbon dioxide.

In the diagram below, which part of the human brain coordinates balance, movement, and other muscle functions so that the body moves smoothly? A B C​

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

c is the cerebellum

b is the spinal chord

a is parietal lobe

Scientists think that red pandas and raccoons share a more recent common
ancestor than red pandas and giant pandas do. If this is true, what would you
expect to be true about the genetic sequences in these organisms?
O A. Red pandas and raccoons must have identical DNA sequences.
B. The DNA sequences of giant pandas are likely to be more similar
to the sequences of raccoons than of red pandas.
C. Red pandas must have a different genetic code than giant pandas.
O D. The DNA sequences of red pandas are likely to be more similar to
the sequences of raccoons than of giant pandas.

Answers

Answer:

D seems to be best answer if that was my test

Explanation:

makes the most sense

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Because the bell jar in the model lung cannot move, any changes in volume are a result solely of the movement of the rubber diaphragm. Match the position of the rubber diaphragm to changes in volume and pressure inside the bell jar and balloon size.

a. Galloons inflate
b. Balloons deflate
c. Volume inside bell jar increases
d. Volume inside bell jar decreases
e. Pressure inside bell jar decreases
f. Pressure inside bell jar increases

1. Rubber diaphragm up
2. Rubber diaphragm down

Answers

Answer:

1. Rubber diaphragm up-

b. Balloons deflate

d. Volume inside bell jar decreases

f. Pressure inside bell jar increases

2. Rubber diaphragm down-

a. Galloons inflate

c. Volume inside bell jar increases

e. Pressure inside bell jar decreases

Explanation:

The rubber diaphragm is the model to demonstart the various parts of the respiratory system and how they move during breathing process. In case of it moves down, the rubber diaphragm is stretched, the volume inside the bell jar increases which causes presursue decrease.

Balloon inhale or sucks in the air from outside and gets inflate. this increases the volume in the jar. The pressure is increased

The membrane potential that occurs when neurotransmitters bind to their receptors is called _______.

Answers

Answer:

action potential

Explanation:

Transmission of a signal within a neuron (from dendrite to axon terminal) is carried by a brief reversal of the resting membrane potential called an action potential. When neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors located on a neuron's dendrites, ion channels open.

Answer:

I guess action potential is the correct one

If you took a sample of magnetotactic bacteria from the northern hemisphere to the southern hemisphere, would you expect them to survive

Answers

Answer:

Yes.

Explanation:

Yes, magnetotactic bacteria can survive in the southern hemisphere if the suitable environment is available for them. These bacteria requires  freshwater and marine habitats and prefer environments that contain little to no oxygen means anaerobic conditions. This type of environment is also present in the southern hemisphere so we can conclude that this bacteria can survive in that environment.

Lactase is an enzyme that is produced in the lining of the intestines. This enzyme helps the body speed up the
breakdown of carbohydrates that are found in dairy products, such as milk, yogurt, and cheese.
Which general function does lactase perform?

Answers

Answer:

Regulation of cell processes

Explanation:

Lactase is an enzyme that helps in the breaking down of disaccharide sugar, lactose, found in many foods. It does it by converting the lactose into its component reducing sugars - glucose and galactose. This enzyme is produced by some special cells lining the intestinal walls of humans and forms a kind of chemical barrier known as brush border where foods must pass through before being absorbed. By so doing, foods are screened for the presence of lactose and any lactose is broken down before the foods are given a pass.  

Which of the following was not part of the original cell theory, but was added later after we learned more about cellular structure?

A. all cells have the same basic composition

B. all cells come from pre-existing cells

C. all cells have a nucleus

D. all cells have the same exact structures.​

Answers

Answer:

c oooooooooooookkkkkkkkkkk

I never thought of that these statements alone are not
sidered for a grade
Answer the questions) below
A former patient comes into the dental office and states that she has recently been diagnosed with skin cancer. She demands her xrays and treatment record and claims that she was exposed to unnecessary radiat
during her visits How should the dental assistant respond? Can the dental assistant be held responsible?

Answers

Answer:

geuueieiejrjejdjjhdjsjdjsjeiei do it is custom returns and more and more than more and then send it out in a no to a good morning to kya hua hai aapko ❤️❤️ ab workouts and more ab mai

How do sinkholes form? Be sure to provide a detailed explanation of sinkhole formation.

Answers

Answer:

See below

Explanation:

Over hundreds of thousands of years, layers of rocks like bedrock and limestone erode. Then, a hole or cavity forms when it erodes. Slowly, the matter above the cavity falls in. This causes it to expand. Drought is also another reason that sinkholes form in the ground.

Answer:

Sample Answer edge 2021

Explanation:

When it rains, rainwater, which is slightly acidic, soaks into the ground and becomes more acidic as it moves through the soil. When this water comes in contact with the bedrock, it reacts with the limestone, dissolving it. As the water flows through the ground, it carries the dissolved limestone away with it, enlarging the natural holes and cracks that were already present in the rock. Over time, large cavities may form in the bedrock. Sinkholes often form when the overlying sediments become too heavy for the ceiling of an underground cavity to support. The ceiling gives way and the overlying sediments collapse into the cavity.

which fundamental units are involved in force do step Wise ​

Answers

Force = ma

We know, the unit that the S.I. unit of mass is Kg.

We also know that a = (v - u)/t.

We know that v = d/t and u = d/t and the S.I. unit of t(time) is s.

We know that the S.I. unit of d(displacement) is m.

So, the S.I. unit of v is m/s and the S.I. unit of u is m/s and the S.I. unit of t is s.

So, the S.I. unit of a is m/s×s or m/s²

So, the unit of force is

(unit of m) × (unit of a)

= kg × (m/s²)

= kg.m/s²

=

[tex]kg \: m \: {s}^{ - 2} [/tex]

Or more simply,

F = ma

=> F = m{(v-u)/t}

Putting units,

Newton = kg[{(m/s) - (m/s)}/s]

=> Newton = kg{(m/s)/s}

=> Newton = kg(m/s²)

=> Newton = kg.m/s²

=> Newton = kg.m.(s^-2)

Which of the following explains why the Midwest is not suffering as severe damage from acid rain as are the northeastern states?
a. Midwest has few sources of acid rain-forming pollutants.
b. pH of rainfall in Midwest is significantly higher than that in the Northeast.
c. soils in the Midwest have a higher buffering capacity than do those in the Northeast.
d. soils in the Midwest have a lower buffering capacity than do those in the Northeast.
e. Midwestern soils have lower concentrations of toxic metals to be leached into watersheds.

Answers

Answer:

a. Midwest has few sources of acid rain-forming pollutants.

Explanation:

Midwest has few sources of acid rain-forming pollutants because Midwest has  less number of factories which produces less pollution. Farming, mining, and manufacturing of different products are the major industries Midwest. Other industries like transportation, finance, and machinery are also important for the economy of Midwest. Due to less number of factories less amount of pollutants goes to the atmosphere and will not cause acid rain.

define cell and atom​

Answers

Answer:

Cell is made of molecules whereas atoms make up molecules. Cells are the smallest functioning unit in a living organism.

Atom is the smallest unit of matter. Usually, a cell is on the micrometer scale while an atom is in the angstrom scale .

OAmalOHopeO

The predominant forms of actin inside a cell are ATP-G-actin and ADP-F actin. What would be the consequence for actin filament assembly/disassembly if a mutation prevented actin's ability to bind ATP

Answers

Answer:

If actin is unable to bind to the ATP molecule, it will not be able to assemble into its two dominant forms.

Explanation:

As shown in the question above, the two predominant forms of actin are ATP-G-actin and ADP-F actin. As we can see, the formation of these two molecules involves the presence of an ATP molecule, in which case, the concentration of actin inside an organism depends totally on the capacity of the actin to be able to bind to an ATP molecule. If there is a mutation that prevents this binding from occurring, actin will not be able to form its two dominant forms, which will harm the presence of actin in the body.

What is a group of microscopic unicellular organisms

Answers

Protists are a diverse collection of organisms. While exceptions exist, they are primarily microscopic and unicellular, or made up of a single cell. The cells of protists are highly organized with a nucleus and specialized cellular machinery called organelles.

Solutions having osmotic pressures more than those of body fluids are called Group of answer choices hyposmotic. neosmotic. hyperosmotic. magnosmotic. isosmotic.

Answers

Answer:

hyperosmotic

Explanation:

Osmosis across a membrane occurs in nature as a result of concentration gradient i.e. difference in the solute concentration. Based on the concentration of solute in a solution which determines the osmotic pressure, a solution can either be hyperosmotic, hypoosmotic or isosmotic.

A hyperosmotic solution is that solution which contains more solute concentration in relation to another solution. In essence, a hyperosmotic solution will have more osmotic pressure than that of the body fluid. This will cause water to flow out of the body into the solution.

In the respiratory system certain structures allow air to pass from the trachea to the lungs. They are lined with thin
muscles and coated with epithelial cells.These structures are called
O bronchial tubes.
O alveoli.
O bronchioles.
O lobules.

Answers

Answer:

bronchioles are the structure

Discuss how important you think it is to protect ecosystems from human-induced change, such as changes in habitat or introduction of invasive species. Should natural conditions be preserved at all costs, should human needs always prevail, or is the answer somewhere in between? Discuss the negative consequences of taking an approach that you disagree with.

Answers

Answer:

Humans impact the physical environment in many ways: overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation. Changes like these have triggered climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water.  ecosystems are vital for human welfare and survival, as they provide us with essential products and benefits.

Over 90% of our food comes from terrestrial ecosystems, which also provide energy, building materials, clothes, medicines, fresh and clean water, and clean air. Protecting wildlife and preserving it for future generations also means that the animals we love don't become a distant memory. And we can maintain a healthy and functional ecosystem.

define cell and atom​

Answers

Answer:

Cell: All living organisms are made up of cells, which are the basic building components. Cells also carry the body's genetic material and have the ability to replicate themselves. Cells are made up of several components, each of which serves a particular purpose. Organelles, for example, are specialized structures that perform specific activities within the cell.

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Atom: Protons, neutrons, and electrons are the three subatomic particles that make up an atom. The nucleus, which is made up of protons and neutrons, is at the core of the atom, while electrons float around in a tiny cloud above it.

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Given the latitudinal differences in sunlight intensity, how might you expect the carrying capacity of a plant species found at the equator to compare with that of a plant species found at high latitudes? Explain your answer

Answers

Answer:

The carrying capacity of a plant species expect in the equator is higher as compared to the carrying capacity at high Latitudes. This is due to the equator the plants have more light available, so the ecosystem can give them better conditions to survive and reproduce. Remembering that the carrying capacity is the largest population size an ecosystem can support without degrading itself, in the equator would be higher as it can have better conditions of light, so they would survive and reproduce more and the largest population the ecosystem could support would be higher.

define cell and atom​

Answers

The key difference between sale and Adam is that sale is made of molecules where is Adam make a molecule cells are the smallest functioning unit and then living organism yet hands and Adam is the smallest unit of matter usually a sale is on the micrometer scale while the item is on the angstrom scale.

Indicate whether each of the following descriptions is true of microtubules (MT), microfilaments (MF), intermediate filaments (IF), or none of these (N). More than one response may be appropriate for some statements.
(a) Involved in muscle contraction.
(b) Involved in the movement of cilia and flagella.
(c) More important for chromosome movements than for cytokinesis.
(d) More important for cytokinesis than for chromosome movements in animal cells.
(e) Most likely to remain when cells are treated with solutions of nonionic detergents or solutions of high ionic strength.
(f) Structurally similar proteins are found in bacterial cells.
(g) Their subunits can bind and catalyze hydrolysis of phosphonucleotides.
(h) Can be detected by immunofluorescence microscopy.
(i) Play well-documented roles in cell movement.
(j) The fundamental repeating subunit is a dimer.
MT,
MF,
IF,
MT and MF,
MT and IF ,
MT, IF, MF.

Answers

Answer:

(a) Microfilaments

(b) Microtubules

(c) Microtubules

(d) Microfilaments

(e) Intermediate filaments

(f) Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

(g) Microfilaments, microtubules

(h) Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

(i) Microtubules, microfilaments

(j) Microtubules

Explanation:

Microtubules (MTs) are dimers of the protein tubulin (alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits) and they are major components of the cytoskeleton. MTs play diverse cellular roles including, mechanical support (cytoskeleton), transport, motility, chromosome segregation, etc. Microfilaments (MFs) are protein filaments that also form part of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells. MFs consist of G-actin monomers assembled in linear actin polymers, and their functions include mechanical support, cytokinesis, changes in cell shape, amoeboid movement, endocytosis and exocytosis, etc. MFs associate with the protein myosin to generate muscle contractions. Actin filaments/MTs assembly from monomeric actin/tubulin is caused due to energy expenditure, where ATP/GTP bound to actin/tubulin is hydrolyzed during polymerization. Finally, intermediate filaments (IFs) are a type of cytoskeletal element composed of a heterogeneous group of structural elements, and they are not found in all eukaryotes. The primary function of the IFs is to contribute to the mechanical support for the plasma membrane where these filaments come into contact with other cells and/or with the extracellular matrix. The IFs are not directly involved in cell movement. All 3 types of cytoskeletal elements (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules) can be visualized by fluorescence microscopy when cells express chimeric MT/IF/MF.–GFP fusion proteins.

Note that arteries have a thicker middle layer of tissue than veins. Why is this important and how does it affect the structure of the artery as compared to the vein?

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - To withstand the high pressure of the outflow of blood from the Heart.

Explanation:

The heart pumps blood to different body parts at high pressure so that it can easily reach all the parts of the body quickly. To able to hold the pressure of the blood pumped at high-pressure arteries need thick walls.

This pressure can be experienced as pulse and which required the walls of arteries and the middle layer or the tunica media to make it much thicker in arteries than in veins. In veins pressure caused by blood is very low pressure that allows them to be thin walls.

The organisms in Kingdom Monera do not have complete cell. They are called ____________.

A. autotrophs
B. Prokaryotic
C. Eukaryotic
D. Heterotrophs

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - A. prokaryotic.

Explanation:

Monera is the kingdom that has not complete cell organization as eukaryotic cells and shows similar cell organization like prokaryotic cells with no clear nuclear membrane and a unicellular body.

The true bacteria and cyanobacteria are the member of this group. The nature of the organisms is either autotrophic or heterotrophic. Thus, the correct answer is - prokaryotic.

The organisms in Kingdom Monera do not have complete cell. They are called

B. prokaryotic

How will you isolate DNA from a pure fungal culture

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

There are several ways of isolating DNA from a pure fungal culture but you can use the CTAB method.

In this method, genomic DNA can be extracted.

First of all, the cell walls of fungal mycelia can first be broken down by grinding it using glass rods or you can use or liquid nitrogen. Place it in a plate. You can now CTAB extraction buffer , then incubate at 65°C, then let it undergo purification with phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol 25: 24: 1 and carry out precipitation with isopropanol . Then the DNA can be extracted and then dissolved in 50 μl of pure water.

Earth science includes the study of all the following except: Select one: a. land. O b. water. O c. atmosphere. O d. wildlife. ​

Answers

Answer:

c. atmosphere

Explanation:

the atmosphere is not part of the Earth's surface



1. Explain the relationship between the terms species and organism.

Answers

Answer:

Organism: An individual living thing

Species: A group of any given organism; a group of many individual living things

A species is defined as the group of organisms in which individuals can reproduce their progeny.

What is Species?

A species is defined as the basic unit of classification. This is also taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity.  These are the group of organisms which can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring.

Species can be divided further on the basis of concept like

1. Typological or Essentialist Species Concept

2. Nominalistic Species Concept

3. Biological Species Concept

4. Evolutionary Species Concept

The species designation which originated in taxonomy, where the species is the basic unit of taxonomy is recognized by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Every species is have a standard two-part name of genus and species.

Thus, a species is defined as the group of organisms in which individuals can reproduce their progeny.

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Ghgshsvssbdbdbbdbxbxbxbdbdbdbdbdndndjd The table below pertains to a small agricultural economy where the typical consumer's basketconsists of 10 pounds of apples and 20 pounds of oranges. If 2017 is the base year, then the CPIfor 2018 was? YearPrice of ApplesPrice of Oranges2017$2.0 per pound (Apples)$2.00 per pound (Oranges)2018$1.5 per pound (Apples)$3.00 per pound (Oranges)A) 125.0B) 100.0C) 95.0D) 110.0 The block in the drawing has dimensions L02L03L0,where L0 =0.2 m. The block has a thermal conductivity of 150 J/(smC). In drawings A, B, and C, heat is conducted through the block in three different directions; in each case the temperature of the warmer surface is 35 C and that of the cooler surface is 16 C Determine the heat that flows in 6 s for each case. Offering direct online sales to consumers while also promoting wholesale and retail sales can result in Multiple select question. cannibalization of retailers' sales. a net loss of sales due to disgruntled dealers. a signal of the company's strong commitment to retailers. channel conflict. Please help ASAP!!! Tysm :) HelpppppA. 8/15B. 8/17C. 15/8 D. 15/17 A line includes the points (0,2) and (1,6).What is the equation of the line in slope-intercept form? What is matter mad of? What is the meaning of this quote?Pain is temporary. It may last a minute, or an hour, or a day, or a year, but eventually it will subside and something else will take its place. If I quit, however, it lasts forever. use abc to find the value of sin b In a group of 450 students, 250 like oranges 280 like apples and 40 dislike both the fruits When you are prepared, it means that you have done all of the following except: Group of answer choices selected a topic appropriate to your audience. considered how best to present it. put your information into a logical sequence. gathered enough information to cover the topic well. practiced the golden rule of treating your audience. 11. (-/1 Points] DETAILS BRECMBC9 5.11.010.MY NOTESSet up and solve an equation for the following business situation.Pitt's Pit Stop sold $16,003.50 worth of gasoline yesterday. Regular sold for $3.30 a gallon and premium sold for $3.45 a gallon. If the station sold 370 more gallons of regular than premium, answer thefollowing questions.(a) How many gallons of each type of gasoline were sold?regulargalpremiumgal(b) If the profit on regular gas is $0.15 per gallon and on premium is $0.18 per gallon, what was the station's total profit (in dollars)?$ find the slope of the tangent line [tex]m_{tan}[/tex] = f'(a) and then find the equation of the tangent line to f at x = af(x) = [tex]\frac{10}{x}[/tex] ; a = 3 what is meant by migration? Question 3: Is the mean hemoglobin level of high-altitude workers different from 20 g/cm ? To investigate this, researchers examined a sample of 20 workers and found that sample mean hemoglobin level is 17 g/cm whereas sample standard deviation is 3 g/cm. Test this claim at alpha=0.10. If you prepared a study to determine which areas of the brain are used for working memory, you would be conducting _____ research. Create 5 examples of gains and losses using positive and negative numbers. Explain your examples. Which of these is an example of technology?an idea for a storythe first wheel ever builtan engineer 5. Mention factors that can effect surftice pleasure