Answer:
Explanation:
Like this
Indicate whether each statement is true or false. 1. Rod cells are depolarized in the dark. (Click to select) 2. Glutamate binds to receptors on bipolar cells and causes them to depolarize. (Click to select) 3. Light and dark adaptation are accomplished by changes in the amount of available iodopsin. (Click to select) 4. When light reactions occur, retinal is completely released from opsin. (Click to select)
Answer:
The correct answer is - 1. true, 2. true, 3. false, and 4. true.
Explanation:
1. Rod cells are the photoreceptors present in the retina that are hyperpolarized not depolarized in dark due to sodium ions efflux.
2. Depolarisation of the bipolar cell of the retina by glutamate release by rods and cones.
3. The adaption according to the light is known as a light adaptation which takes place due to a large part of photochemical in both rods and cones which is reduced to retinal and opsins.
4. when the light reaction takes place retinal converted to opsin
Rod cells are photo-receptors that present in the retina. They hyper-polarized in the dark due to sodium ions efflux. Statement 1, 2, and 4 are correct while statement 3 is incorrect
1) Rod cells are photo-receptors that present in the retina. They hyper-polarized in the dark due to sodium ions efflux.
2) Depolarization of the bipolar cell of the retina is caused by glutamate released from rod and cone cells.
3) The changes according to the light is known as a light and dark adaptation which is accomplished by the change in oidopsin.
4) In the light reaction takes place retinal converted to opsin,
Therefore, Statement 1, 2, and 4 are correct while statement 3 is incorrect.
To know more about Rod cells,
https://brainly.com/question/15826713
A positive control is a sample in an experiment that produces a known result to compare with the test sample after the same treatment. It is used to control for unknown variables and confirms that all your reagents work.
In this case, the positive control is a cell line expressing wild-type CCR5.
Which of the following do you think will be a good positive control for this experiment?
a) T Cell Helper Line
b) Macrophage cell line without CD4
c) Unedited wild type macrophage
d) Edited macrophage
Explanation:
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) enters target cells by first binding to the primary receptor CD4 and then to a coreceptor, generally one of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 (4). CD4 binding induces structural changes in the envelope (Env) glycoprotein that form and expose the coreceptor binding site. There are two main interactions between Env and coreceptor (13, 14, 25, 50, 51): the base of the third variable loop (V3) engages the N terminus of the coreceptor, while the crown of the V3 loop that includes the highly conserved GPGR/Q arch motif binds to the extracellular loops of the coreceptor, with the second extracellular loop of the coreceptor being particularly important (16, 25, 35, 48, 62). Although some HIV-1 strains are able to use a variety of different G protein-coupled receptors to gain entry into CD4+ cell lines, the great majority of these viruses use CCR5 and/or CXCR4 as coreceptors to infect primary cells (3, 4, 10, 23, 47, 66). CCR3, GPR15, APJ, and FPRL-1 are among the most frequently used alternative coreceptors when overexpressed on cell lines (11, 26, 43, 47, 57). Rare cases of HIV-1 strains that are able to use FPRL-1 and GPR1, but not CCR5 or CXCR4, have been reported (57); however, their in vivo relevance remains unknown.
To characterize the biological processes underlying HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) transmission, we recently developed an experimental strategy that permits the identification, enumeration, and molecular cloning of transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses (28, 53). This strategy, which employs single-genome amplification (SGA) and direct amplicon sequencing of HIV/SIV RNA or DNA from the plasma or infected cells, makes it possible to infer the nucleotide sequence of the viral strain(s) that initiated productive infection weeks earlier (1, 28, 29, 37, 53, 58, 67). An important prediction of this approach has been that inferred T/F viruses are fully functional and encode all proteins necessary to establish a new infection. Indeed, this prediction has been borne out in numerous studies, which have shown that T/F viral genes as well as full-length genomes are biologically active. Sets of T/F Envs have been shown to mediate efficient virus entry in single-round infection assays, and they invariably use CCR5 as a coreceptor (28, 34). Similarly, T/F infectious molecular clones (IMCs) of HIV-1, SIVmac and SIVagm all produce replication competent virus that grow to high titers in primary CD4+ T cells (22, 38, 54).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Amplification of the HIV-1 env gene. Serial plasma samples collected from an acutely infected plasma donor, ZP6248, were purchased from ZeptoMetrix. A total of seven plasma samples were collected between 12 February and 9 March 1997, and viral loads (VLs) were determined by the COBAS Amplicor HIV-1 monitor test.
Sequence analysis. All SGA amplicons were sequenced directly by cycle sequencing and dye terminator methods using an ABI 3730xl genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Individual sequences were assembled and edited using the Sequencher program 4.7 (Gene Codes, Ann Arbor, MI). The env sequences were aligned using CLUSTAL W (60), and manual adjustment for optimal alignment was done using MASE (20).
4. Take a beaker (jar or jug) with some water and put some drops of red or blue
ink in it. Take a tender twig of any flowery plant with leaves and flowers, preferably
white flowers, and put it in the beaker for 6 to 8 hours. What do you observe? For
further examination cut across its stem and look for the presence of colored water.
Explain your observations.
Answer:
Blue Ink patches are observed on the leaves of the plant. Also, on cutting across the stem of the plant, the red color of the solution is found along the length of the stem.
The above observation shows that the stem of the plant conducts water through its length to the leaves of the plant.
Explanation:
The leaves of plant obtain water and minerals from the soil through the roots of the plant. The water is conducted by the stem of the plant from the roots to the leaves of the plant where they are needed for photosynthesis as well as for cooling the plant. The xylem tissue in plants is responsible for conducting water to the leaves of the plant from the roots of the plant through the stem.
The conduction of water from the roots to the leaves of the plant is maintained by capillary action as well as by transpiration pull. Transpiration pull refers to the pull of water by the transpiration action taking place in the leaves of the pant, whereby water evaporates from the leaves of the plant through the opening in the leaf of the plant.
When the blue ink is added to the water, the colored water is conducted through the stem of the plant to the leaves. On getting to the leaves, the water molecules evaporate leaving behind the colored patches fond on the leaves. When the stem of the plant is cut, the blue color is seen along its length showing that the colored water was conducted through it.
What happens in cytokinesis?
Answer:
Cytokinesis is the physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells. ... The contractile ring shrinks at the equator of the cell, pinching the plasma membrane inward, and forming what is called a cleavage furrow.
Explanation:
hehe plss give me a heart
Answer:
The cell splits into two.
Explanation:
Cytokinesis is the process of cell division which divides the cytoplasm of the parent cell into two daughters.
The cell splits into two.
Do environmental or genetic factors affect growth of organisms most?
Answer:
Examples of local environmental conditions could include availability of food, light, space, and water. Examples of genetic factors could include large breed cattle and species of grass affecting growth of organisms. The environment in which an organism lives plays an important role in modifying the rate and extent of growth. Environmental factors may be either physical (e.g., temperature, radiant energy, and atmospheric pressure) or chemical. Organisms and the cells of which they are composed are extremely sensitive to temperature changes; as the temperature decreases, the biochemical reactions necessary for life occur more slowly. A lowering of the temperature by 10° C (18° F) slows metabolism at least twofold and often more.
I copied this stuff from a bunch of different biology websites. It doesn't answer your exact question but I would have to say based on what I typed here it would be the environment that affects the growth of an organism more.
I need help it’s hard help please
Name 3 parts found in a plant cell that are also found in an animal cell.
Answer:Plant cells have plasmodesmata, a cell wall, a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and plastids. Animal cells have lysosomes and centrosomes.
Explanation:The best answer
Why is it important for the cells produced in meiosis to be haploid?
Answer:
The overall process of meiosis produces four daughter cells from one single parent cell. Each daughter cell is haploid, because it has half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. ... Unlike in mitosis, the daughter cells produced during meiosis are genetically diverse.
Answer:
A.) Because bacteria only need half the DNA to survive and they are the only ones that do meiosis.
Explanation:
3. Which of the following is a chemical property
(10 Points)
melting point
Ostates of matter
density
flammability
4. Substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction are called *
Answer: The answer is flammability
Explanation:
because it is a chemical thing happening
Which ends up with half the number of chromosomes?
Answer:
Meiosis end ups with half the no. of chromosomes..
Answer:
Meosis
Explanation:
Meosis 1 ends with 2 diploid cells that end up dividing again into 4 haploid cells. Thus, the end result of meosis is 4 haploid cells with 23 chromosomes each.
• Describe the distribution of electrons around the nucleus of an atom
Answer:
Viewed simply, electrons are arranged in shells around an atom's nucleus. Electrons closest to the nucleus will have the lowest energy. Electrons further away from the nucleus will have higher energy. ... In a more realistic model, electrons move in atomic orbitals, or subshells.
Explanation:
What are the PRODUCTS (what is made) of aerobic respiration? Select all that apply
Answer:
carbon dioxide and water
in monohybrid cross between a pure breed plant that produces blue flowers (BB)and a pure breed plant that produces white flowers.The f1 generation produces only blue flowers. By means of a labelled cross diagram,state the type of flower you will expect if the f1 generation is self pollinated
Answer: If the F1 generation is self-pollinated, 75% of the flowers will be blue, while 25% will be white.
Explanation:
Monohybrid cross between blue and white: BB x bbThe cross produces 100% Bb --> blue is dominant, so all the flowers will be blue. This is the F1 generation.If F1 is self-pollinated, it will be Bb x Bb.The cross will produce 25% BB, 50% Bb, and 25% bb.Since blue is dominant, 75% of the flowers will be blue, while 25% will be white.Pictures:
The first picture is the BB x bb cross.The second picture is the Bb x Bb cross.I don't know why the pictures are appearing sideways. If you click the rotate button at the top right of the pictures, you can turn them.In 2003, scientists completed the Human Genome Project, in which they completed the mapping of the human genome. Which is one way that the
Human Genome Project, along with later mapping efforts, has affected the individual and society?
O A. Individuals may now modify their genes to prevent acquired diseases, such as bacterial infections.
O
B. Individuals may now modify their genes to alter traits such as height, eye color, and hair color.
C. Individuals may now select which genes to activate or deactivate.
D. Individuals may now have their DNA analyzed to determine ancestry.
Answer: D. Individuals may now have their DNA analyzed to determine ancestry.
Explanation:
A basic principle for scientific research is that the experiment must be able to be replicated. What happens when an experiment is replicated?
a) A scientific publisher accepts the experimental results for printing.
b) No one in the scientific community agrees with the methods or results.
c) Other scientists perform the same experiment and get comparable results.
d) The scientific researcher performs the experiment many times and gets the same results.
Answer:
i think it might be C sorry if i'm wrong if i'm right can you give me brainliest i need it
Explanation:
Answer:
Other scientists perform the same experiment and get comparable results.
Explanation:
1. Which membrane-bound organelle contains the genetic material of the
cell (such as DNA)?*
O Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Answer:
Okay h
Explanation:
A student is investigating how substrate concentration affects the rate of anenzyme-catalyzed reaction. Which threevariables should be kept constant in the setup of thestudent’s investigation? Select all three variablesA. temperature of the reactionB. amount of enzymeC. amount of substrateD. amount of productE. pH of the reaction
Answer:
A. temperature of the reaction
B. amount of enzyme
E. pH of the reaction
Explanation:
Temperature should be kept constant because enzymes operate at different activity rates depending on the temperature. The same goes for the pH as well with different enzymes having different optimal pH levels.
The amount of enzyme should be kept constant as well because different concentrations of enzymes can determine how fast the reaction will occur.
Essentially anything that could affect enzyme activity apart from substrate concentration should be kept constant.
Which statement describes the relationship between the deer and plants on the food web? (3 points) Tree is consumed by insect, which is consumed by the frog and lizard. The frog and lizard is consumed by the snake and the snake is consumed by the hawk. The mayfly is consumed by the fish and the fish is consumed by the bear. The plants are consumed by the deer and bear. The deer is consumed by the wolf. Group of answer choices Heterotrophs supply food for the autotrophs. Autotrophs and heterotrophs share the same food source. Autotrophs supply food for the heterotrophs. Autotrophs and heterotrophs compete for the same food source.
Answer is B - Autotrophs supply food for the heterotrophs.
A flower would be a type of autotroph and the deer would be a type of heterotroph. It would only make sense if it was B.
Also I took this test already on Canvas, and got it correct.
Help pls !!
How do increases in the carrying capacity of Earth for people affect the carrying capacity of Earth for other species?
1. It increases for all species .
2. It decreases for all species .
3. It increases for most species
4. It decreases for most species .
Answer:
It decreases capacity for other species
Explanation:
As humans clear and develop more and more land, the animals that live in the cleared land lose their homes, so they have nowhere to live. This decreases the animals carrying capacity while increasing humans carrying capacity.
Which two processes are responsible for the formation of fog?
Answer:
Explanation:
evaporation
Please help me with Q5 I’ll give brainliest!!!
Answer:
Ayo, your best answer would have to be B.
Explanation:
Which of the following is part of the structure of a fruit? glume monocot mesocarp cotyledon
Answer:
Mesocarp
Explanation:
Please help u have to do this today
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Both are igneous because lava/ magma form igneous rocks.
Drag the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration to their correct
place.
Answer:
Inputs are: Glucose
Output are; carbon dioxide, ATP and heat
Explanation:
Cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which cells of living organisms breakdown glucose molecules to release energy (ATP). Cellular respiration, which is a must for every living organism uses oxygen (aerobic) to break down glucose (C6H12O6) into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
Based on the question asked, the inputs of cellular respiration are GLUCOSE AND OXYGEN while the outputs are CO2, H2O, ATP and HEAT give out. The general chemical equation is as follows:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
I need the word scramble part only
Answer:
look it up or fail
Explanation:
18) What is the difference between eumelanin and pheomelanin?
Answer:
Eumelanin is black or brown pigment and pheomelanin is red or yellow pigment
After this, rRNA creates bonds between _____________ to make __________
Answer:
After this, rRNA creates bonds between amino acids to make proteins.
Some important points to know:
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA) is used in the synthesis of proteins.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins which means that proteins are made up of amino acids.
When amino acids are joined together, they form proteins.
The bond between two or more amino acids when bonded is called "peptide bond".
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Hope this helped!
~AH1807Answer:
rRNA bonds with mRNA which creates peptide bonds between amino acids creating PROTEINS
Explanation:
One nucleotide in a DNA strand is replaced with another, but the change results in
the same amino acid to be placed next in the protein. What is this type of mutation?
nonsense
point
silent
frameshift
Answer:
The type of mutation that occurs when one nucleotide in the DNA strand is replaced by another, but the change results in the same amino acid to be placed next in the protein is a silent mutation.
Explanation:
Silent mutations are molecular mutations where, despite a change in one of the DNA nucleotides, this change has no impact on the amino acid sequence that a synthesized protein will have.
An example of a silent mutation is the change in a DNA sequence TTC where a thymine replaces the cytosine, obtaining the TTT sequence:
Normal With mutation
DNA TTC TTT
mRNA AAG AAA
Amino Acid Lys Lys
There was a nucleotide change in the DNA, but the encoded amino acid was the same, which is a silent mutation that does not affect the amino acid sequence of a protein, its structure or function.
Isostasy leads to isostatic adjustment if mass is redistributed. Erosion redistributes rock from the mountain to the sediment in the
basin. Which statement does NOT reflect what occurs when erosion happens?
-)))
A)
Mass increases at the crust.
B)
Less mass on the mountain causes uplift.
0
The crust beneath the mountain thins and rises.
D)
The mass of the crust decreases and the mass of the mantle increases.
Answer: It's A.
Explanation: I am doing UsatestPrep, Now I got this answer wrong, but afterwards it told me the right answer is! "Mass increases at the crust" I got the answer wrong originally because I chose B but it's actually A.
Answer:
Its A because Mass increases at the crust. . Mass is actually decreasing due to erosion of the crust, isostatic adjustment will thus, cause the mantle mass to increase over time.
Explanation:
How does DNA determine an organism’s traits
Answer:
Traits are determined by genes. A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins.
