The number of formula units in 30.0 grams of magnesium bromide is 9.813 × 10²² formula units.
What are formula units?Formula unit is an empirical formula of an ionic compound (that does not possess individual molecules) for use in stoichiometric calculations.
The number of formula units contained in a compound can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles in that substance by Avogadro's number, which is the number of atoms present in 12 grams of isotopically pure carbon-12, being 6.023 × 10²³.
Firstly, we convert 30.0grams of magnesium bromide to moles as follows:
moles = 30g ÷ 184.113 g/mol
moles = 0.163 moles
Number of formula units = 0.163 moles × 6.02 × 10²³
Number of formula units = 9.813 × 10²² formula units
Therefore, 9.813 × 10²² formula units is the number of formula units in 30 grams of magnesium bromide.
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Which group of elements shares characteristics with both metals and nonmetals?
a. salts
b. metalloids
c. halogens
d. lanthanides
Answer:
The correct answer is Metalloids
a beaker contains an aqueous solution of sodium acetate (nac2h3o2). a few crystals of sodium acetate are added to the beaker. they sink to the bottom of the beaker and appear unchanged even after further mixing. what can you conclude about the level of saturation of the solution?
a beaker contains an aqueous solution of sodium acetate (nac2h3o2). a few crystals of sodium acetate are added to the beaker. they sink to the bottom of the beaker and appear unchanged even after further mixing. This can't be supersaturated since no crystals were formed earlier
A beaker contains an unknown concentration of aqueous sodium acetate (NaC2H3O2). --> We only know that a salt is present; no information on solubility is provided. A few sodium acetate crystals are added to the beaker. They sink to the bottom of the beaker and stay there even after further mixing. --> If they sink completely, they are not soluble in water, indicating that they are already SATURATED. Because no mor salt can exist in aqueous/solution, this must be SATURATED. This cannot be supersaturated because no crystals were formed previously.
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approximately 95 million barrels of oil are used daily worldwide. what would happen if this changed to 50 million barrels per day? what if it changed to 190 million barrels per day?
If the daily global consumption of oil were to decrease from approximately 95 million barrels per day to 50 million barrels per day, it would likely have significant economic and environmental consequences.
What environmental consequences will happen ?Economic impact: A decrease in oil consumption would likely lead to a decrease in the demand for oil and a decrease in the price of oil. This could have negative impacts on countries and companies that rely heavily on the production and export of oil, as they would likely see a decrease in revenue.Environmental impact: A decrease in oil consumption could lead to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, as the burning of oil is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. This could have positive impacts on the environment and climate change.Transportation: Oil is the primary source of fuel for many forms of transportation, including cars, trucks, airplanes, and ships. If oil consumption were to decrease, it could lead to a shift towards alternative forms of transportation, such as electric vehicles or vehicles that run on alternative fuels.Energy security: Decreasing oil consumption could also lead to a decrease in the reliance on oil as an energy source, which could potentially reduce the risk of energy supply disruptions due to geopolitical tensions or other factors.To learn more about oil consumption refer :
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A student prepared 250 mL of a buffer solution containing an equal number of moles of
HClO and NaClO. Using a pH meter, the student measured the pH of the buffer solution
to be 7.52. To this solution, another student added 5 drops of 0.10 M HCl and
remeasured the pH of the solution. The process was repeated several times and the data was recorded in the table below.
Total HCl
added(drops) pH
0 7.52
5 7.52
10 7.52
20 7.52
30 7.52
40 7.52
50 7.51
Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs between HCl and the
species in the buffer solution that reacts with the HCl. Explain, based on this reaction,
why the pH did not significantly change with the addition of HCl(aq).
The net ionic equation of the reaction is:
H⁺ + ClO⁻ ---> HClO (l)The pH does not change significantly because the conjugate base reacts with the acid to neutralize it and form a weak acid.
What is a buffer solution?A buffer solution is a solution that resists changes to its pH when a small quantity of strong acid or strong bases is added to it.
Buffer solutions are able to resist changes in their pH as a result of the composition of the buffer solution.
Buffer solutions are made from a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid.
The buffer solution that is prepared from HClO, a weak acid, and NaClO, its conjugate base dissociates as follows in solution when a small quantity of a strong acid or base is added to it.
When HCl is added to the buffer, the ionic equation that occurs is as follows:
NaClO + HCl ---> NaCl (aq) + HClO (l)
The net ionic equation is H⁺ + ClO⁻ ---> HClO (l)
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Study the diragram below which point is a mid ocean ridge most likely to form can you guys help me
Most likely the mid ocean ridge happens at point A.
What are mid ocean ridges?
A continuous system of underwater volcanoes that encircles the planet like seams on a baseball and stretches for approximately 65,000 kilometres is known as the mid-ocean ridge system (40,390 miles). The system is mostly submerged, with water reaching the top of the ridge on average at a depth of 2,500 meters (8,200 feet).
From the given diagram it can be seen the above description fits in point A
Therefore Most likely the mid ocean ridge happens at point A
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what causes the atomic radius of the elements to decrease across period 3 from left to right?
Over time, the atomic size shrinks because as number of shells stays constant but more electrons are added, increasing the nuclear charge.
What is atomic radius and size?The distance between an atom's central nucleus and also its outermost shell is known just like its atomic size. The smallest distance here between atom's nucleus and its outermost shell is known as the atomic radius within basic chemistry.
What causes this rise in atomic radius down a group?The orbitals from higher primary energy levels have greater sizes than the orbitals form lower principal energy levels. Atomic radius grows down a group as a result of the stronger impact of the major energy levels outweighing a increase overall nuclear charge.
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all compounds that have a plane of symmetry are known as meso compounds question 3 options: true false
False , all compounds that have a plane of symmetry are not known as meso compounds
Meso compounds or isomers are optically inactive members of a group of stereoisomers, at least two of which are optically active. This means that a molecule is not chiral even if it contains two or more stereocenters.
A meso compound is "superimposable" on its mirror image (not to be confused with superimposability, as any two objects, identical or not, can be superimposed). Two objects can be superimposed if all sides of the objects are coincident and do not produce "(+)" or "(-)" readings when analyzed with a polarimeter. The name comes from the Greek mésos, meaning "middle".
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Walter White cooked 20 pounds of methamphetamine. Gustavo Fring wants to know how much will he earn from this batch. He asks Jesse Pinkman to calculate the total profit he will make. Each pound of methamphetamine costs $4500. How much will Mista White make from this batch?
Answer:
TOTAL: $90000
Explanation:
Draw the Lewis structure for PF3Cl2 in the window below and then answer the questions that follow. What is the electron-pair geometry for P in PF3Cl2 ? What is the the shape (molecular geometry) of PF3Cl2?
Sp[tex]3[/tex] hybridization of a molecule with two lone pairs is present. This molecule's geometry is determined by its electron pair structure. If more than one bond angle is possible, separate each one with a space.
What is hybridization?The process of combining two atomic orbitals to produce a new variety of hybridized orbitals is described as hybridization. Usually, this mixing creates hybrid orbitals with entirely different energies, shapes, and other characteristics. Atomic orbitals with the same energy level are primarily responsible for hybridization. However, if the energies of the orbitals are equal, the process can involve both fully filled and partially filled orbitals. We can better understand bond formation, bond energies, and bond lengths by using the hybridization concept, which is an extension of valence bond theory. During the hybridization process, which primarily entails the merging of two orbitals, two "p" orbitals, or the mixing of a "s" orbital with a "p," the atomic orbitals of comparable energies are mixed together.To learn more about valence bond theory refer to:
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what are the correct coefficients if the law of conservation of mass is applied to the decomposition of solid ammonium nitrite to nitrogen gas and liquid water?
Ammonium nitrite, NH4NO2, will decompose to yield nitrogen gas and water Vapor by the following equation:
NH4NO2(s)--->2H2O(g)+N2(g)
A decomposition reaction can be defined as a chemical reaction in which one reactant breaks down into two or more products. As per law of conservation of mass, the mass of your initial substances (reactants) will be the same as the mass of the substances that you get after the reaction has occurred (products). The mass will stay the same because the number of each kind of atom stays the same. The mass will increase because a new kind of molecule is formed. The principle is that the mass of matter, in a closed system, will always be the same no matter what type of change happens to the matter. Whether it's a change in state, or dissolving, or a chemical reaction, or any combination of these, the amount of mass will not change.
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If someone weighs 711 N on Earth, what is that person's
mass?
A. 71.1 kg
B. 70.0 kg
C. 72.6 kg
D. 73.5 kg
Answer:
c.
Explanation:
the closest would be C.
1N = 0.10197 kg
1 kg = 9.81 N
9.81×72.5=711.225
A buffer solution is prepared that is 0.18 M NH3 and 0.27 M NH4Cl. What is the pH of this buffer? Kb for NH3 is 1.8 x 10-5
The correct answer is: 9.08
Can someone explain how to do this for me?
The pH of acid is between 0-7 on pH scale while for base pH range is from 7-14. Therefore, the pH of this buffer is 5.14. pH is a unitless quantity.
What is pH?pH is a measurement of amount of hydronium ion H₃O⁺ in a given sample. More the value of hydronium ion concentration, more will be the solution acidic.
On subtracting pH from 14, we get pOH which measures the concentration of hydroxide ion in a given solution. pH depend on the temperature. At room temperature pH scale is between 0 to 14. pH of neutral solution is 7.
0.18 M =NH₃
0.27 M= NH₄Cl.
Kb of NH₃ = 1.8 × 10⁻⁵
pKb = - log (kb)
= - log (1.8 × 10⁻⁵)
= 4.74
Using Henderson equation
pH = Pkb +ln [ NH₄Cl ]/ [NH₃]
= 4.74 + ln (0.27 /0.18)
= 5.14
Therefore, the pH of this buffer is 5.14.
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"Archeologists wanted to determine how long ago in our past a civilization in South America existed. They found a bone of a human from that civilization and performed Carbon-14 dating. They found that 12.5% of the Carbon-14 was left, how old is that bone?
How far back in our past can we assume that civilization existed?"
Archaeologists found a bone of a human from that civilization and performed Carbon-14 dating. They found that 12.5% of the Carbon-14 was left, the estimated age of this sample is 17,151 years old.
What is the estimation of Archaeologists about carbon-14?Radiocarbon dating sometimes referred to as carbon-14 dating, has been used by archaeologists for a long time to determine an object's age. Traditional radiocarbon dating, which makes use of the fact that minute quantities of radioactive carbon may be found in the environment, is used to determine the age of organic remains that are 500–50,000 years old. Radiocarbon dating depends on that half-life. Since carbon-12 doesn't deteriorate, it serves as a reliable indicator of carbon-14's impending demise.
An isotope of carbon-14 that is older emits less radiation. Calculate how many half-lives have elapsed by multiplying the carbon-14 half-life (5,717 years). The amount of carbon-14 in this sample of wood reached 12.5% after 17,151 years. 3 half-lives have since gone.
The sample is therefore estimated to be 17,151 years old.
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ip the electron in a hydrogen atom with an energy of -0.544 ev is in a subshell with 18 states. part a what is the principal quantum number, n, for this atom?
The principle quantum number(n) for this atom is 5
The position in an atom's shells and the size of an electron orbital are described by the primary quantum number, which is the most significant. The quantum number connected to the angular momentum of an atomic electron is called the azimuthal quantum number.
The energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom [tex]E_{n} = -0.544eV[/tex]
For hydrogen, Z = 1
The principal quantum number for [tex]n[/tex] for this atom is calculated by for this atom is determined using Bohr's atomic model,
So that [tex]E_{n} = \frac{-13.6(Z)^{2}}{n^{2}}eVatom^{-1}[/tex]
Where [tex]n[/tex] is the principal quantum number, [tex]E[/tex] is the energy, and [tex]Z[/tex] is the atomic number The values are substituted,
=> [tex]-0.544eV = -\frac{13.6(1)^{2}}{n^{2}} eVatom^{-1}[/tex]
[tex]n^{2} = -\frac{13.6}{-0.544} \\n^{2} = 25\\n = 5[/tex]
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ammonium ion (nh4 ) is an acid that can dissociate to form ammonia (nh3) and h in aqueous solution. the pka for this reaction is 9.25. when total ammonium ion is 50% dissociated, what is the ph?
When total ammonium ion is 50% dissociated, The pH is 9.25.
Given, the pKₐ of ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) is 9.25.
The dissociation of NH₄⁺ to ammonia (NH₃) and H⁺ in aqueous solution is represented below.
It is stated that the ammonium ion is 50% dissociated in the solution. Therefore the concentration of each species at that instant [if started with 1M conc. of NH4+ (aq)] is summarized as follows:
NH4+ (aq) ⇌ NH3 (aq) + H+ (aq)
Initial conc. (in M) 1 - -
At 50% dissociation 1-0.5, i.e., 0.5 0.5 0.5
The given value of pKₐ immediately reminds us of the form of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation containing pKₐ , i.e.,
pH = pKₐ + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[salt]}{[acid]}[/tex] _ _ _(i)
But, NH₄⁺ (aq) exists as the conjugate acid form, as well as the salt (ionized) form. Hence, we cannot use equation. (i) for our calculations.
Therefore, we need to convert the above value of Kₐ to the equivalent Kb (for NH₃), corresponding to the reverse equilibrium.
This is achieved by using the relation
Kb = [tex]\frac{Kw}{Ka}[/tex]
or, -log₁₀ Kb = -log₁₀ Kw + log₁₀ Ka
or, pKb = pKw - pKa = 14 - 9.25 = 4.75
where, pKw = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴ (at 298 K).
Therefore, pKb of ammonia (NH₃) = 4.75
Now, we need to use the form of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation which uses Kb; which is in fact
pOH = pKb + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[salt]}{[base]}[/tex] _ _ _(ii)
where the salt is NH₄⁺, and the base is NH₃. Further, we know that
Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻] or, pOH + pH = pKw = 14 or, pOH = 14 - pH
Substituting this relation in eq. (ii) gives
14 - pH = pKb + log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[NH4+]}{[NH3]}[/tex]
or, pH = 14 - pKb — log₁₀ [tex]\frac{[NH4+]}{[NH3]}[/tex]
As calculated, pKb = 4.75, [NH₄⁺] = 0.50 M, while [NH₃] = 0.50 M, assuming we start with a conc. of 1M NH₄⁺. Hence,
pH = 14 – 4.75 – log₁₀ [tex]\frac{0.50}{0.50}[/tex]
= 9.25 - log₁₀ ( 1 )
= 9.25 - 0
pH = 9.25
Hence, the pH of a solution consisting of 50% NH₃ and 50% NH₄⁺ will be equal to 9.25.
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In 25 years, how many observations have been made using the HST?
A. Over 100,00
B. Over 1 million
C. Over 1 billion
The correct answer is Option B
B. Over 1 million
What is 1 Million?
Find the distinction between the international place value system and the Indian place value system first. Afterward, determine the exchange rates between the Indian place value system and the universal place value system. To get the answer, write 1,000,000 in numeric form and convert it to Indian place value.
Finding the value of 1,000,000 and the number that this value of 1,000,000 equates to from the possibilities provided is our task in this question.
We must bear in mind that the worldwide place value system used in this issue is the one that employs millions, billions, etc. This system of place values is not used by us.
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how many moles of zinc are in 4.20 kg of zinc? express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
Make a fast conversion: Utilizing the molecular weight converter as well as the molar mass of Zn, 1 gram of zinc equals 0.015295197308045 moles.
The grams (g) number cancels when the molecular weight of the chemical, NaOH, is divided by the number of grams, leaving just the unit mol (moles). Utilizing the molecular weight converter as well as the molar mass of Zn, 1 gram of zinc equals 0.015295197308045 moles. In other words, mole ratio of carbon is exactly equal to 12 grams of carbon's atomic mass or weight. The average comparative atomic mass of an element is multiplied either by molar constant, 1 103 kg/mol = 1 g/mol, to determine the molar mass of its atoms. One mole of a substance contains 6.02 1023 molecules; this quantity is referred to as Avogadro's number.
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You are approached by a neighboring group of human survivors and they are wanting to know what you are shooting at the alien craft so you can see them at night. Choose the right explanation for this effect.
a Chemicals in the paint absorb light energy in a process called phosphorescence, radioactive elements keep the glow going.
b Key element is sulfur and the sulfur creates light after being heated in a process called sulfunescense
c Chlorine is the reason why the alien vessels glow.
d Calcium make the light when the craft comes into contact with water
Atoms of different element can not have same atomic number because only same type of atoms combine to form element. Atoms belonging to different element can have different atomic number. Therefore, the correct option is option A.
What is element?Element generally consist of atoms or we can atoms combine to form element. Atoms of an element is always same, means all the properties of all atoms of one type of element is same.
Two or more than two atoms with different physical or chemical properties can not combine together to form an element. Chemicals in the paint absorb light energy in a process called phosphorescence, radioactive elements keep the glow going.
Therefore, the correct option is option A.
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explain the difference in behavior between water and the buffer with addition of acid or base. are your results as expected? why or why?
The adding of an acid or base to a buffer seems to have no effect on the pH of the buffer. In contrast, going to add acid or base to unbuffered water drastically changes the pH.
Any hydrogen-containing substance skilled of making a donation a proton (hydrogen ion) to that other substance is defined as an acid. A base is a compound or ion that really can accept an acid's hydrogen ion. The sour flavours of weak acids is generally described by the contaminant that emits hydrogen ions in water and formation salts by incorporating with these metals. Acids have a bitter aftertaste and cause certain dyes to turn red. buffer is an aqueous solution that withstands adjustments in pH upon on the addition of either an acid or a base". Furthermore, adding water to a buffer or going to allow it to evaporate from of the buffer has no significant effect just on pH of the buffer.
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Use the diagram to answer the question that follows.
Two different samples of matter are measured in each of these glass containers. Both of
the containers show the same measure for both samples of matter. The samples MOST
likely have which of these in common
If two different samples of matter are measured in each of these glass containers and Both of the containers show the same measure for both samples of matter. They would have same volume in common
What is volume?The space occupied inside an object's borders in three dimensions is referred to as its volume. It is sometimes referred to as the object's capacity.
The capacity of a thing is measured by its volume. For instance, a cup's capacity is stated to be 100 ml if it can hold 100 ml of water in its brim.
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Complete question unfound
what color are low mass stars
Answer:
red
Explanation:
what is relative abundance isotopes
The relative abundance of isotopes is the number of atoms of a particular isotope divide by the total number of atoms of all isotopes of that element, multiplied 100 percent.
What is relative abundance isotopes?The relative abundance of an isotope is the percentage of atoms with a specific atomic mass found in a naturally occurring sample of an element.
Also relative abundances refers to the relative proportions of the stable isotopes of each element. They are most often quoted as atom percentages
To calculate the percent abundance of each isotope in a sample of an element, the number of atoms of a particular isotope is usually divide by the total number of atoms of all isotopes of that element and then multiply the result by 100 since it is expressed in percentage.
Mathematically, the formula for relative abundance is given as;
R.A = ( number of atoms of isotope / total number of atoms ) x 100%
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Sort each characteristic according to whether it describes acids, bases, or both.
react with metals
Acids
Both
react with nonmetals
taste sour
can cause burns
conduct electricity
taste bitter
Bases
Acid;
taste sour
Base
taste bitter
react with nonmetals
Both
can cause burns
conduct electricity
What are the properties of the substances?We know that a substances could be acidic, basic or neutral. We also know that there are many different definitions for the terms acid and base. The most common definition of the acid is that the acid has to do with the substances that is able to produce the hydrogen ions in solution. On the other hand, we define the base as the substance that is able to produce hydroxide ions in solution.
We know that the most applicable distinction between the acid and the base would be in the properties of the substances. An acid is an acid hence it would behave in a certain way. The base is a base thus it would behave in a certain way. In this question, we have been asked to class the acid and the base looking at the properties of each of the substances.
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select true or false: more energy is required to break a bond with an order of 3/2 than is required to break a bond of order 2.
Answer: The answer is false
Explanation:
consider the following oxides: so2so2 , y2o3y2o3 , mgomgo , cl2ocl2o , and n2o5n2o5 . how many are expected to form acidic solutions in water?
Nonmetal oxides form acid solutions. SO2, Cl2O, and N2O5 are acid solutions.
A chemical that offers off hydrogen ions in water and paperwork salts through combining with positive metals. Acids have a sour flavor and turn positive dyes purple. a few acids made by using the body, such as gastric acid, can assist organs work the way they must. An example of an acid is hydrochloric acid.
An acidic solution has a high attention of hydrogen ions, H +start superscript, plus, stop superscript, greater than that of pure water. An acidic solution is a liquid combination that happens when hydrogen ions are launched while mixed with water. This definition is known as the Brønsted-Lowry theory: acids provide hydrogen protons, at the same time as bases "accept" hydrogen protons. some answers are more acidic than others.
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If an atom, such as hydrogen, is able to form a covalent bond, describe what happens when the
electron shells of two atoms overlap?
The potential energy between the nuclei is minimized and the orbital shells overlap.
What is a covalent bond?We know that a covalent bond is the kind of bond that is formed when there is the combination of two atoms when there is the overlap of the orbitals of the two atoms. In the case of the hydrogen atoms, we can say that there is a bond as we notice that the two atomic orbitals have become overlapped on each other.
Let us note that when the two atoms are still far from each other, the potential energy between the atoms is high and as such the atoms of the element would tend to repel each other.
As the two atoms begin to approach each other, the repulsion between the nuclei of the elements is seen to become minimized and the bond is now seen to be formed as the atomic orbitals become overlapped.
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If the density of solid chromium is 7.15 g/cm3 , what is the packing efficiency of Cr if it adopts a body‑centered cubic unit cell? The molar mass of Cr is 51.996 g/mol .
The packing efficiency of Chromium atom is 68.8 %.
What is the volume of the Chromium atom?
The volume of the chromium atom is calculated by applying the following equation.
V = M / ρ
where;
M is the molar mass of the Chromium atomρ is the density of the Chromium atomV = ( 51.996 g ) / ( 7.15 g/cm³)
V = 7.27 cm³
The radius of the atom for a body‑centered cubic unit cell is calculated as follows;
V = (2) x (4/3 πr³)
V = (8πr³)/3
8πr³ = 3V
r³ = 3V / 8π
r = (3V / 8π)^¹/₃
r = (3 x 7.27 / 8π)^¹/₃
r = 0.95 cm
The volume of the unit cell is calculated as;
Vc = (4r/√3)³
Vc = (4 x 0.95 / √3)³
Vc = 10.56 cm³
The packing efficiency of Chromium atom is calculated as;
= volume of the atom / volume of unit cell x 100%
= (7.27 cm³ / 10.56 cm³) x 100%
= 68.8 %
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20.00 g sample of methyl salicylate contains 12.63 g of carbon, 1.06 g of hydrogen, and 6.31 g of oxygen, the empirical formula of methyl salicylate is
20.00 g sample of methyl salicylate contains 12.63 g of carbon, 1.06 g of hydrogen, and 6.31 g of oxygen, the empirical formula of methyl salicylate is C8H803.
The lowest entire number proportion of atoms present in a compound is given by the most straightforward formula as well as empirical formula. This formula indicates the proportion of atoms of each element inside the compound.
The lowest entire number proportion of atoms present in a compound is given by the most straightforward formula as well as empirical formula. This formula indicates the proportion of atoms of each element inside the compound.
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methylhydrazine (ch6n2) is commonly used as a liquid rocket fuel. when 4.00 g of methylhydrazine is combusted in a bomb calorimeter, the temperature of the calorimeter increases from 25.00 oc to 39.05 oc. in a separate experiment the heat capacity of the calorimeter is measured to be 7.794 kj/oc. what is the heat of reaction for the combustion of a mole of ch6n2 in this calorimeter?
The heat of reaction for the combustion of a mole of C₆NH₂ in this calorimeter is - 1.30 × 10³ kJ/mol.
The reaction is given as :
2CH6N2(l) + 5O2(g) ----> 2N2(g) + 2CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)
given that :
initial temperature = 25 °C
final temperature = 39.05 °C
heat capacity of the calorimeter = 7.794 kJ/°C
mass of methylhydrazine = 4 g
molar mass of methylhydrazine = 46.1 g/mol
the heat of reaction Q = - C ΔT
= - 7.794 × ( 39.05 - 25)
= - 113.0 kJ
the heat of reaction of a mole = - (113.0 kJ / 4) × 46.1
= - 1.30 × 10³ kJ/mol
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calculate the standard gibbs free energy associated with the formation of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen at 25 c and 500 c
-23.4kj is the standard gibbs free energy associated with the formation of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen at 25 c and 500 c
-
The temperature is 25 deg C or 298 K.
ΔGo =−RTlnK=−8.314×298×ln1.3×104 =−23469J=−23.4kJ
Hence, the standard free energy change is -23.4 kJ
Gibbs free energy, thermodynamics The word "free energy" refers to a thermal potential that can be utilized to determine the maximal amount of work that a thermodynamically closed system can perform at constant pressure and temperature. The change in limitless energy that occurs when a chemical is created from its components in their most thermodynamically states under appropriate conditions is referred to as the free basic energy of formation. Ammonia is a colourless gas that has a strong suffocating odour. It easily dissolves in the water, forming an ammonium hypochlorite that can cause discomfort and burns. Under pressure, ammonia gas compresses easily and formation a clear, colourless liquid.
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