Answer:
Explanation:
Transcription is the first step in gene expression, in which information from a gene is used to construct a functional product such as a protein. The goal of transcription is to make a RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. For a protein-coding gene, the RNA copy, or transcript, carries the information needed to build a polypeptide (protein or protein subunit). Eukaryotic transcripts need to go through some processing steps before translation into proteinsThe main enzyme involved in transcription is RNA polymerase, which uses a single-stranded DNA template to synthesize a complementary strand of RNA. Specifically, RNA polymerase builds an RNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction, adding each new nucleotide to the 3' end of the strand.Transcription of a gene takes place in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. Here, we will briefly see how these steps happen in bacteria. You can learn more about the details of each stage (and about how eukaryotic transcription is different) in the stages of transcription article.
Initiation. RNA polymerase binds to a sequence of DNA called the promoter, found near the beginning of a gene. Each gene (or group of co-transcribed genes, in bacteria) has its own promoter. Once bound, RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands, providing the single-stranded template needed for transcription.Elongation. One strand of DNA, the template strand, acts as a template for RNA polymerase. As it "reads" this template one base at a time, the polymerase builds an RNA molecule out of complementary nucleotides, making a chain that grows from 5' to 3'. The RNA transcript carries the same information as the non-template (coding) strand of DNA, but it contains the base uracil (U) instead of thymine (T). [What do 5' and 3' mean?]Termination. Sequences called terminators signal that the RNA transcript is complete. Once they are transcribed, they cause the transcript to be released from the RNA polymerase. An example of a termination mechanism involving formation of a hairpin in the RNA is shown belowIn bacteria, RNA transcripts can act as messenger RNAs (mRNAs) right away. In eukaryotes, the transcript of a protein-coding gene is called a pre-mRNA and must go through extra processing before it can direct translation.
Eukaryotic pre-mRNAs must have their ends modified, by addition of a 5' cap (at the beginning) and 3' poly-A tail (at the end).
Many eukaryotic pre-mRNAs undergo splicing. In this process, parts of the pre-mRNA (called introns) are chopped out, and the remaining pieces (called exons) are stuck back together.
End modifications increase the stability of the mRNA, while splicing gives the mRNA its correct sequence. (If the introns are not removed, they'll be translated along with the exons, producing a "gibberish" polypeptide.)
To learn more about pre-mRNA modifications in eukaryotes, check out the article on pre-mRNA processing. op this helps !
Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. This copy, called a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, leaves the cell nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it directs the synthesis of the protein, which it encodes.
Transcription occurs in three steps—initiation, elongation, and termination.
What are the three roles of RNA polymerase in transcription?
Eukaryotic cells contain three distinct nuclear RNA polymerases that transcribe distinct classes of genes.
Protein-coding genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II to yield mRNAs, ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are transcribed by RNA polymerases I and III.
Thus, this is the summary of the transcription.
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What is the proper way to write a scientific name of an organism?
Explanation:
The correct way to write a scientific name is by using the genus and species of the organism.
hope it helps!
The point on earths surface where the earthquakes energy first occurs is the
Answer:the fault
Explanation:
In ____ ecosystem decomposers breakdown dead or decaying organisms, returning nutrients to the soil to be used by plants.
a. An unstable
b. A balanced
c. A defective
The components that make up the genetic code are common to all organisms. If a segment of a gene contains 27 nucleotides, none of which are stop or starts codons, how many amino acids does this segment code for?
Answer:
9 amino acids
Explanation:
A segment of a gene that has 27 nucleotides will code for 9 amino acids.
Each codon on the gene potentially represents an amino acid and a codon is made up of 3 nucleotides each. Hence, in order to find out the total number of amino acids that a gene segment with 27 nucleotides can code for, the number of nucleotides should be divided by 3.
number of amino acids = number of nucleotides/3
27/3 = 9 codons/amino acids
PLZ HELP I WILL GIVE 25 POINTS AND BRAINLIEST!
Answer: C
Explanation:
complete mitosis in shorter time
explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration work together
Answer: Photosynthesis makes a storable energy source, while respiration converts for individual cells. But because of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, energy from the sun is converted into a ATP that fuels the work of plant cells. Photosynthesis and respiration are both things that depend on each other. They both make what the other needs.
Explanation: Hope this helps have a wonderful rest of your day.
what would be observed when a growing seedling is placed horizontally
Answer:
it will slowey become less horizontal as time flies by
Explanation:
Write this!
If you were to place a seed down horizontally, the roots and the shoot will be grown horizontally, but when the plant grows, it will slowey become less horizontal as time flies by and shape back into a straight manner towards the sunlight, this would be a example of a term known as geotropism (the response of plants from gravity).
What is an advantage of this type of reproduction? A. It allows a species to avoid harmful mutations. B. It enables a species to increase its genetic variability. C. It allows a species to withstand long periods of unstable environmental conditions. D. It enables a species to rapidly populate an environment that has favorable conditions.
Answer:
I think C
Explanation:
question 20 , please help:(
the five pairs of ribs that do not
attach directly to the sternum
Answer: the false ribs. Which are the lower ribs.
Explanation:
okay thanks but who guessed I don't wanna fail please just tell me the truth ill do anything if your right
Which of the following shows the sequence of levels of organization that are shown in the illustration above?
A.tissue, cell, organ system, organ
B.cell, tissue, organ, organ system
C.cell, organ, organ system, tissue
D.tissue, organ, cell, organ system
Answer:
B.cell, tissue, organ, organ system
Explanation:
Because the cell make up the tissue the tissue makes up an organ and an organ makes up an organ system
Photosynthesis uses energy from the Sun to make sugars such as glucose. What has to happen to the glucose before it can be used by plant cells?
A The glucose combines with another sugar to make usable energy.
B The glucose combines with oxygen to make usable energy.
OC The glucose combines with carbon dioxide to make usable energy.
OD Nothing has to happen to the glucose. Plant cells can use it as is.
Answer:
Respiration occurs when glucose (sugar produced during photosynthesis) combines with oxygen to produce useable cellular energy. This energy is used to fuel growth and all of the normal cellular functions.
D Nothing has to happen to the glucose. Plant cells can use it as is.
What happens to the glucose produced by plants?Glucose produced by photosynthesis is a simple sugar that is used by plant cells as a source of energy and as a building block for other organic compounds. The glucose can be transported within the plant and used directly by cells as a source of energy through cellular respiration.
In cellular respiration, glucose is combined with oxygen to release energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is used to fuel various cellular processes. So, there is no need for glucose to undergo any additional chemical reactions before it can be used by plant cells.
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Name the parts of the atoms. Include the charge, mass, and location of each.
How does a plant cell differ from an animal cell? Group of answer choices A plant cell can make its own glucose; an animal cell cannot A plant cell cannot synthesize proteins an animal cell can. A plat cell cannot perform cellular respiration; an animal cell can.
Answer:
plant cell can make its own glucose; an animal cell cannot
Explanation:
Chloroplasts are found in plant cells, but not in animal cells. The purpose of the chloroplast is to make glucose that feed the cell's machinery. Photosynthesis is the process of a plant taking energy from the Sun and creating glucose.
Artificial selection has produced a wide variety of crop plants, livestock, and pets. Which characteristic of artificial selection makes it different from natural selection
Answer:
Genetic Problems
Explanation:
When people genetically modify animals, they can mess up a lot of their natural abilities. For example in some cases scientist have made cows who produce more milk, but couldn't reproduce anymore because of it. Sometimes it even hurts the animal. People have bred dogs in certain ways that makes it hard for them to breathe, like Bull dogs who has respiratory issues. This makes decreases their life span and continuing to bred them will only make it worse. When scientist have a certain trait they want they also make animals breed with their own families. Incest creates a lot of genetic problems.
I hope this helped.
HELP PLEASE!!
help me match each vocabulary!!
HELP I NEED FAST PLZZZ Belinda wrote the following phrase to describe the movement of particles in a state of matter.
"Marbles glide past one another."
Which state of matter did Belinda most likely describe?
Answer:
Liquid
Explanation:
Its liquid!!!
I WILL DO ANYTHINK< PLEASE DONT IGNORE I NEED HELP
What must occur in order to make a legal free pass?
use two hands
the throw must be underhand
the pass must be lateral or backwards
the throw must be a forward pass
the ball must touch the inside of the player's foot, but only on a change of possession
Answer:
Explanation:
the ball must touch the inside of the player's foot, but only on a change of possession
What do we call the “X” chromosome that condenses and is “shut off?”
Answer:
One of the two X chromosomes is randomly and permanently inactivated in cells other than egg cells, this is called X-inactivation or lyonization
Explanation: This is all I could find, sorry if it's not what you need.
A mutation that could be inherited by offspring would result from-?
Answer: Along with substitutions, mutations can also be caused by insertions, deletions, or duplications of DNA sequences. Some mutations are hereditary because they are passed down to an offspring from a parent carrying a mutation through the germ line, meaning through an egg or sperm cell carrying the mutation.
Explanation:
A mutation that could be inherited by offspring would leads from a base substitution in gametes during meiosis. The correct option is D.
What is mutation?Any alteration to a cell's DNA sequence. Alterations in cell division can result in specific mutations.
As can exposure to environmental DNA-damaging substances. Mutations may be negative, positive, or ineffective.
Errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens, or viral infection can all cause mutations.
Somatic mutations (which happen in body cells) cannot be passed on to offspring, whereas germline mutations (which happen in eggs and sperm) can.
A base substitution in gametes during meiosis would result in a mutation that might be passed on to progeny.
Thus, the correct option is D.
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Your question seems incomplete, the probable complete question is:
A mutation that could be inherited by offspring would result from-?
Natural Selection helps save organisms in a population that have poor adaptive traits, and are not thriving.
True
False
Answer:
true!
Explanation:
natural selection: (definition) the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution
all you need is in the photo
Answer:
Im pretty sure it's C? Maybe it's D though.
Use the following strand of mRNA and translate it into amino acids
mRNA: AUGCCGU AU
aug-start or methionine
CCG-proline
UAU-Tyrosine
PLEASE HELP IM TIMED.
Both an electric motor and a generator spend an electromagnet inside of a permanent magnet. However, the input and output energies are different. Explain the differences.
Answer:
An electric motor converts electricity into mechanical energy, providing a power source for machinery. A generator does the opposite of this, converting mechanical energy into electricity.
Explanation:
Type 1 diabetes is caused by destruction of beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Which of the following best explains how insulin injections affect signal transduction in an individual with type 1 diabetes?
They allow alternate signaling transduction pathways to control glucose levels.
They open channels to allow signaling molecules to enter pancreatic cells.
They provide a signaling molecule to begin the signal transduction pathway.
They serve as second messengers to regulate glucose uptake by cells.
Answer:
They provide a signaling molecule to begin the signal transduction pathway.
Explanation:
Just took the quiz and got it right.
Access 2021
AP Biology
Insulin injections affect signal transduction in an individual with type 1 diabetes. They provide a signaling molecule to begin the signal transduction pathway.
What are the function of insulin injections?
They allow alternate signaling transduction pathways to control glucose levels. They open channels to allow signaling molecules to enter pancreatic cells. They provide a signaling molecule to begin the signal transduction pathway. They serve as second messengers to regulate glucose uptake by cells.
Type 1 diabetes is caused by destruction of beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. They open channels to allow signaling molecules to enter pancreatic cells. They provide a signaling molecule to begin the signal transduction pathway.
Therefore, Insulin injections affect signal transduction in an individual with type 1 diabetes. They provide a signaling molecule to begin the signal transduction pathway.
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Need immediately please #6-9
Answer:
6) 9
7) 3
8) 3
9) 1
hope this helps you!
The opossum, which is native to North America, and the kangaroo, which is native to Australia, are marsupials.
The fact that both these mammals incubate their immature offspring in a pouch provides evidence that they -
O are descended from a common ancestor
O belong to the same species
O must range great distances to eat
have very similar skeletal structures
Answer:
Belong to the same species
Explanation:
Marsupials carry their young in "pouches", and are therefore related to other marsupials, like the kangaroo, opossum, wombats, and koala to name a few.
The opossum is a native of North America as the kangaroo is a native to Australia and both of them are mammals thus boh belong to the same specie. Thus option B is correct.
What are mammals?A mammal is an animal that is warm-blooded and has hair, vertebrates, and backbone. These creatures share human relations and produce milk for their young ones. The kangaroo is like an opossum that is marsupials carry their young in "pouches".
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A biologist pollinates a true-breeding yellow flower with pollen from a true-breeding red flower of the same species. All of the F1 offspring are yellow. What question can be answered with the F2 cross?
Answer:
See the answer below
Explanation:
The question that can be answered with the F2 cross would be if the yellow flower color is dominant over the red flower color in the species. In other words, whether the inheritance of flower color follows a simple Mendelian inheritance or otherwise can be answered.
Assuming that the inheritance of the flower color follows the Mendelian pattern, the red flower trait would re-emerge among the F2 offspring and the ratio of yellow to red flower offspring would approximately be equal to 3:1. Otherwise, a more complex pattern of inheritance would be involved.
4. When a student cats a hamburger and then uses the energy from the
hamburger to play basketball, the student's body converts-
Answer:
Chemical energy into mechanical energy.
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