If it is struck by a rigid block having a weight of 550 lblb and traveling at 2 ft/sft/s , determine the maximum stress in the cylinder. Neglect the mass of the cylinder. Express your answer to three significant figures and include appropriate units.

Answer:

Explanation:

Given that:

diameter = 100 mm

initial temperature = 500 ° C

Conventional coefficient = 500 W/m^2 K

length  = 1 m

We obtain the following data from the tables A-1;

For the stainless steel of the rod [tex]\overline T = 548 \ K[/tex]

[tex]\rho = 7900 \ kg/m^3[/tex]

[tex]K = 19.0 \ W/mk \\ \\ C_p = 545 \ J/kg.K[/tex]

[tex]\alpha = 4.40 \times 10^{-6} \ m^2/s \\ \\ B_i = \dfrac{h(\rho/4)}{K} \\ \\ =0.657[/tex]

Here, we can't apply the lumped capacitance method, since Bi > 0.1

[tex]\theta_o = \dfrac{T_o-T_{\infty}}{T_i -T_\infty}} \\ \\ \theta_o = \dfrac{50-30}{500 -30}} \\ \\ \theta_o = 0.0426\\[/tex]

[tex]0.0426 = c_1 \ exp (- E^2_1 F_o_)\\ \\ \\ 0.0426 = 1.1382 \ exp (-10.9287)^2 \ f_o \\ \\ = f_o = \dfrac{In(0.0374)}{0.863} \\ \\ f_o = 3.81[/tex]

[tex]t_f = \dfrac{f_o r^2}{\alpha} \\ \\ t_f = \dfrac{3.81 \times (0.05)^2}{4.40 \times 10^{-6}} \\ \\ t_f= 2162.5 \\ \\ t_f = 36 mins[/tex]

However, on a single rod, the energy extracted is:

[tex]\theta = pcv (T_i - T_{\infty} )(1 - \dfrac{2 \theta}{c} J_1 (\zeta) ) \\ \\ = 7900 \\times 546 \times 0.007854 \times (500 -300) (1 - \dfrac{2 \times 0.0426}{1.3643}) \\ \\ \theta = 1.54 \times 10^7 \ J[/tex]

Hence, for centerline temperature at 50 °C;

The surface temperature is:

[tex]T(r_o,t) = T_{\infty} +(T_1 -T_{\infty}) \theta_o \ J_o(\zeta_1) \\ \\ = 30 + (500-30) \times 0.0426 \times 0.5386 \\ \\ \mathbf{T(r_o,t) = 41.69 ^0 \ C}[/tex]

Answer:

The issues related to the privacy are:

1. Informational privacy

2. Discrimination factors

3. Biased grouping on the basis of Data mining

4. Lack of consent

5. Morally wrong

6. Illegal distribution of information risks

7. Possibility of threat to life

Let's look at some major concerns:

1. Informational privacy : The concept of privacy of the personal information is totally nullified when the information is being used for a purpose other than the intended one for which it was given. This unethical use of information even for general purposes is not correct and is a matter of concern. It is more like using the sensitive data of others for personal benefit which is purely objectionable and raises security issues. Sometimes the data is also shared with the potential employers which might have certain impacts we are unaware of.

2. Data mining issues : The process of using a certain information to arrive and understand the trend and outcomes is called data mining. In this case, the consumer's data undergoes grouping and might get placed in the wrong group rather than the actual one. Also, there can be a case of biasing towards the groups which are not be focused on, or are not a part of the intended audience. This leads to the discrimination factors if we see it from a social point of view.

3. Lack of consent : Use of information without the consent or awareness of the consumers raises concern over the business ethics followed by the company. No one deserves the right to misuse information for his personal benefits without any of its information to the consumer. It is morally wrong and againt the work ethics. Moreover, it raises trust issues between the two involved, and hence is socially unacceptable.Explanation:

Answer:

the highest rate of heat transfer allowed is 0.9306 kW

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

Volume = 4L = 0.004 m³

V[tex]_f[/tex] = V[tex]_g[/tex] = 0.002 m³

Using Table ( saturated water - pressure table);

at pressure p = 175 kPa;

v[tex]_f[/tex] = 0.001057 m³/kg

v[tex]_g[/tex] = 1.0037 m³/kg

u[tex]_f[/tex] = 486.82 kJ/kg

u[tex]_g[/tex] 2524.5 kJ/kg

h[tex]_g[/tex] = 2700.2 kJ/kg

So the initial mass of the water;

m₁ = V[tex]_f[/tex]/v[tex]_f[/tex] + V[tex]_g[/tex]/v[tex]_g[/tex]

we substitute

m₁ = 0.002/0.001057  + 0.002/1.0037

m₁ = 1.89414 kg

Now, the final mass will be;

m₂ = V/v[tex]_g[/tex]

m₂ = 0.004 / 1.0037

m₂ = 0.003985 kg

Now, mass leaving the pressure cooker is;

m[tex]_{out[/tex] = m₁ - m₂

m[tex]_{out[/tex] = 1.89414  - 0.003985

m[tex]_{out[/tex] = 1.890155 kg

so, Initial internal energy will be;

U₁ = m[tex]_f[/tex]u[tex]_f[/tex] + m[tex]_g[/tex]u[tex]_g[/tex]

U₁ = (V[tex]_f[/tex]/v[tex]_f[/tex])u[tex]_f[/tex]  + (V[tex]_g[/tex]/v[tex]_g[/tex])u[tex]_g[/tex]

we substitute

U₁ = (0.002/0.001057)(486.82)  + (0.002/1.0037)(2524.5)

U₁ = 921.135288 + 5.030387

U₁ = 926.165675 kJ

Now, using Energy balance;

E[tex]_{in[/tex] -  E[tex]_{out[/tex] = ΔE[tex]_{sys[/tex]

QΔt - m[tex]_{out[/tex]h[tex]_{out[/tex] = m₂u₂ - U₁

QΔt - m[tex]_{out[/tex]h[tex]_g[/tex] = m₂u[tex]_g[/tex] - U₁

given that time = 75 min = 75 × 60s = 4500 sec

so we substitute

Q(4500) - ( 1.890155 × 2700.2 ) = ( 0.003985 × 2524.5 ) - 926.165675

Q(4500) - 5103.7965 = 10.06013 - 926.165675

Q(4500) = 10.06013 - 926.165675 + 5103.7965

Q(4500) = 4187.690955

Q = 4187.690955 / 4500

Q = 0.9306 kW

Therefore, the highest rate of heat transfer allowed is 0.9306 kW

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