Answer:
Diploid Genotype - Genotype of Gametes
RR - R
rr - r
Rr - R, r
Explanation:
According to Gregor Mendel in his law of Segregation, he stated that the alleles of a gene gets separated into gametes during gamete formation (meiosis). This occurs in such a way that only one allele of the two possible alleles that make up the genotype of a diploid organism is found in the gamete.
Meiosis is a cell division that reduces the chromosomal number of the daughter cells. Hence, a diploid organism (2n) will undergo meiosis to produce haploid (n) daughter cells (gametes). An organism with a diploid genotype RR will produce gametes which have only genotype R. The same applies to organism with genotype rr. Only gametes with genotype, r, will be produced.
However, in a heterozygous genotype like Rr, the different alleles will separate into gametes in an equal proportion i.e. gametes with genotypes R and r will be produced in a ratio 1:1.
Which of the following is responsible for the conversion of covalently closed circular DNA to supercoiled DNA of the plasmid of: a) endonuclease b) DNA gynase c) topa isomerase d) exonuclease
Answer:
DNA gyrase
Explanation:
DNA gyrase is a bacterial enzyme that plays an important role in catalyzing the negative supercoiling of circular chromosomal DNA. This enzyme belongs to a class of enzymes called topoisomerases which play a major role in transitioning of DNA structure. DNA gyrase conversion of covalently closed circular DNA to supercoiled DNA is ATP-dependent.
The importance of DNA gyrase cannot be overemphasized, because for DNA synthesis to occur, the DNA must have a single-stranded template, hence, DNA gyrase play an important role in unwinding the double-stranded DNA for replication. It has the ability to introduce negative supercoils and relax positive supercoils prior to replication.
Following antigenic stimulation, phosphorylation of _________ relieves inhibition of the transcription factor
Answer: zap70, ITAM.
Explanation:
An antigen is any substance that is capable of stimulating an immune response by activating lymphocytes, which are the body’s infection-fighting white blood cells. Examples of antigens could be proteins that are part of bacteria or viruses or components of serum and red blood cells from other individuals, all of them are foreign antigens originated outside the body. However, there can also be autoantigens (which are self-antigens), originated within the body. In normal conditions, the body is able to distinguish self from nonself. And the antigens that represent a danger induces an immune response by stimulating the lymphocytes to produce antibody or to attack the antigen directly. This is called an antigenic stimulation of the immune system.
ZAP-70 (Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70) is a protein that is part of the T cell receptor, thereby it plays a critical role in T-cell signaling. When the TCR (receptor of T cells) is activated by the presentation of the specific antigen through the MHC, a protein called Lck acts to phosphorylate the intracellular CD3 chains and the ζ chains of the TCR complex, allowing the binding of the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, ZAP-70. Lck then phosphorylates and activates ZAP-70, which in turn phosphorylates another molecule in the signaling cascade called LAT (short for Linker of Activated T cells), a transmembrane protein that serves as an anchor site for several other proteins. The tyrosine phosphorylation cascade initiated by the Lck culminates in the intracellular mobilization of calcium ion (Ca2+) and the activation of important signaling cascades within the lymphocytes. These include the Ras-MEK-ERK pathway, which is based on activating certain transcription factors such as NFAT, NFκB and AP-1. These transcription factors regulate the production of of certain gene products, most notably cytokines such as interleukin-2 that promote the long-term proliferation and differentiation of activated lymphocytes.
The ITAM motifs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif) are sequences of four amino acids present in the intracellular tails of certain proteins that serve as receptors within the immune system. Thus, some receptors such as the TCR have ITAM sequences that, when activated, trigger an intracellular reaction based on consecutive phosphorylations. Kinases are recruited for this purpose.
So, ZAP-70 is a protein tyrosine kinase with a role in T-cell receptor signal transduction. During T-cell activation, ZAP-70 binds to ITAM and becomes tyrosine phosphorylated. The binding of ZAP-70 to the phosphorylated ITAM is able to activate its kinase activity, and relieves the inhibition of the transcription factor which regulates genes that are involved in the immune reaction.
What processes can change igneous rock into sedimentary rock?
Answer: Erosion
Explanation:The process of erosion and depositing rock grains (also known as sedimentation) can change igneous rock into sedimentary rock.
he most common source of osteomyelitis is an infection that migrates via the bloodstream. direct invasion from a fracture. surgical contamination. a joint prosthesis.
The correct answer is A. An infection that migrates via the bloodstream
Explanation:
Osteomyelitis is a serious condition, in which an infection develops in bones. This causes symptoms such as pain, inflammation, and can lead to the spread of the infection to other tissues or bone necrosis if it is not treated. In terms of causes, this condition develops when the bone is exposed to bacteria or similar that causes the infection, this can occur during surgeries or fractures. However, the most common source of infection is via bloodstream this means the bacteria or germ is in the blood and it enters the bone through the bloodstream. Also, once the bacteria or germ is in the bone it causes the infection.
You want to see if mold grows faster on bread in the shade than on bread in the sun. Your experimental variable is _____. mold bread the sun
Answer:
bread
Explanation:
the exponential variable doesn't change
TRBP is a protein important for the formation of the RISC complex. Which of the following would you expect in cells with null mutations in TRBP?
a. Reduced siRNA-mediated mRNA degradation
b. Increased miRNA-mediated translational repression
c. Increased deadenylase-mediated mRNA degradation
d. Reduced proteasome-mediated protein degradation
Answer:
a. Reduced siRNA-mediated mRNA degradation
Explanation:
The TRBP (transactivation response element RNA-binding protein) is an RNA-binding protein that forms the Dicer complex, which is involved in epigenetic pathways such as those mediated by the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism. RNAi is a key process where small non-coding RNAs such as, for example, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) can inhibit target gene expression at posttranscriptional level by different mechanisms (including the degradation of target mRNAs). A null mutation of this cofactor will alter the Dicer complex, thereby also affecting RNAi pathways mediated by small interfering RNAs.
what is magnetic induction
Answer:
The process of gaining or obtaining temporary magnetism in magnetic material due to the effect of magnet is called magnetic induction.
Answer:
Hey buddy here is your answer:-Magnetic Induction is the process by which an object or material is magnitized by an external field...the absence of the sry gene will result in: a) external genitalia of a female; internal genitalia of a male b) A phenotypic female c) and intersex individual d) A phenotypic male e) external genitalia of a male; internal genitalia of a female
Answer:
The correct answer is option b.
Explanation:
Sex determining Region of the Y chromosome gene or sry gene is a important gene found on the Y chromosome which is responsible for testis development or so the male characteristic. An XX individual with the SRY gene of the Y chromosome, will develop as male.
Hence, Absence of SRY gene will not result in phenotypic male So,option d is not correct. intersex have male characteristic so option c is not correct.
Absence of SRY gene will lead to development of phenotypic female due to form ovary and Fallopian tube in absence of this gene
Hence, option B is correct
If the two chromosomes of a homologous pair carry the same allele for a particular gene, the individual is said to be:_____.
Answer
H0m0zygous
Explanation
The answer to the question is in the attachment. Please open the attachment
If tall is dominant over short, and yellow seed is dominant over green, how would you write the genotype of a pea plant that is heterozygous for tall, and that produces yellow seeds
Answer:
The answer has been written in paper and the image of the paper has been attached. Feel free to raise any doubt.
Keeping in mind that a crayfish is saltier than the fresh water it occupies, and remembering the idea of osmosis, note that the antennal gland deals directly with the consequences of this issue. What do you suppose the function of the antennal gland is
_________ is (are) the product of Transcription, and the starting material of Translation. A. tRNA B. Amino Acids C. mRNA D. Ribosomes
Answer:
C. mRNA
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, we may remember that when DNA is undergoing transcription a specific sequence is copied via the RNA polymerase in order to produce the messenger RNA which is subsequently used as the starting material of translation for the protein synthesis as shown on the attached picture. Thereby, answer is C. mRNA, since the transcription process produces it and then, for the translation process, it contains the codons which promote the formation of polypeptides (proteins) via the connection of the anti-codons contained in the tRNA which also provide the amino acids for the polypeptides formation.
Regards.
Which of the following correctly describes the process of Translation? I. tRNA anticodon bonds to mRNA codon II. Ribosome bonds to mRNA strand III. Ribosome reaches a STOP codon and detaches from the mRNA IV. Each tRNA adds an Amino Acid to the chain as the Ribosome moves along the mRNA V. Complimentary mRNA strand is made from DNA template
Ribosome bonds to mRNA, a tRNA anticodon bonds to mRNA codon, tRNA add an Amino Acid and ribosome detaches from the mRNA describe translation (II, I, IV and III).
What is translation?The translation is the cellular process by which cells can produce proteins by using the genetic code.
The translation involves the use of an mRNA sequence which contains codons that serve to add amino acids to the polypeptide chain in the ribosome.
In conclusion, the steps II, I, IV and III describe translation.
Learn more about translation here:
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Which medical conditions are associated with large amounts of fat and sugar in your diet? Select three options.
Answer:
gall bladder disease
hypertension
osteoarthritis
Answer:
diabetes
heart disease
obesity
Explanation:
Describe at least 2 benefits and 2 drawbacks there might be for animal cells (including humans) to make their own food through photosynthesis.
Answer:
here.
Explanation:
Benefits would be that we'd be autotrophs, meaning that we'd be independent of an external source of organic compounds for energy. All we'd need is the sun and carbon dioxide. It's a simpler and less energy-consuming process than having to undergo digestion, absorption and then assimilation.
Cons would include the fact that it provides a very limited amount of energy only for the day. Which means humans will be inactive at the night time because the energy won't be able to support our activities. Since we don't have a surface area as big as leaves, our deep cells (like those of our organs and bones) will suffer most from the lack of energy since sunlight cannot penetrate our fat, muscles and bones. This can cause organ failure if our cells solely depended on diffusion.
Our high metabolic rate and our need for energy makes photosynthesis very very ineffective.
Which phase of mitosis begins when the sister chromatids are cleaved, allowing the two sister chromatids of each pair to separate?
Answer:
Anaphase
Anaphase
Anaphase
Activation of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system:______
a. enhances digestion.
b. causes conversion of glycogen to glucose.
c. triggers release of epinephrine.
d. increases heart rate.
Answer:
A - enhances digestion
What term matches the following definition: " ...a fundamental evolutionary process that results in both the adaptation of species to their environments and the generation of biodiversity (new species)"?
Answer:
a.Natural selection
b.Evolution
c.Artificial selection
d.Co-evolution
The correct option is A.
Natural selection.
Explanation:
The correct answer is natural selection because Natural selection is an evolutionary process which was discussed by Charles Darwin in 1859, In one of his theory that it is the ability of organisms to develop traits or characteristics that will help them to adapt and ensure their survival in their environment and then passing or transferring these new traits to new species or offsprings over generations through reproduction.
1. A star is 520 light years from Earth. During what event in history did the
light now arriving at Earth leave the star?
Answer:
A light year is the distance which is equal to 9,460,730,472,580.8 km, so:
= 4.91957985 X [tex]10^{15}[/tex]km
which is distance travels by the light. Now what time it takes light to travel distance we found.
A year has 365.25 days, so,
[tex]1 (\frac{365.25)}{1 year}) (\frac{24}{1 day}) (\frac{3600 s}{1 hr} )[/tex] = 31557600 seg/year
The light speed in the space is equal to 299,792.458 km/s, so:
4.91957985 x [tex]10^{15} (\frac{1 seg}{29792.458}) \frac{1 year}{31557600}[/tex] = 520 years
if today, August, 2020, then
2020 - 520 = 1500
Spanish and Portuguese spread out over the southern part of the Western Hemisphere and bring in America brought to Spanish colony of Santo Domingo in year 1500.
[tex]t=2019-520\\ t=1499 AD[/tex]
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Draw concentric circles and label the four layers of the gut. Also label the hole at the inner most circle. List what is in these four layers.
Explanation:
here is your answer hopes it's helps u
We can find four principal layers composing the digestive tube walls. From the lumen to the exterior: Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscle, and Serosa Layers.
-----------------------------
There are four principal layers composing the digestive tube walls.
From the lumen to the exterior of the tube, we can find,
Mucosa Layer
Composed of lining epithelium, a propria lamina of connective tissue, and a smooth muscle layer.
The epithelium works as a barrier that separates the lumen from the organ.
Propria lamina has glands, vessels that get the absorbed substances, and immune system elements.
The smooth muscle delimitates the mucose from the submucosa layer. It produces movements that are independent of the rest of the organ's movements.
Submucosa Layer
Dense connective tissue is placed under the mucosa.
It has bigger vessels that ramification to the mucose, muscle layer, and serosa layer.
In certain areas, this layer also has glands.
Muscle Layer
Composed of two or three concentric smooth muscle layers that differ in their orientation.
The contraction of these layers mixes and propels the content of the lumen of the digestive tube.
Serosa layer
Connective tissue membrane covered by simple plane epithelium.
High caliber vessels are placed in this layer and limphatic vessels.
There are regions of the digestive tube where there is no serosa layer. Instead, there is a connective tissue named the adventitious layer.
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A mutation that hides the effect of another mutation at a site that is distinct from the site of the original mutation, but with in the same gene. This mutation is best described as a
Answer:
The correct answer is intragenic suppressor mutation.
Explanation:
A suppressor mutation partially or completely converses the effects of a different mutation. A suppressor mutation is of two kinds, that is, an intragenic suppressor and an intergenic suppressor. An intragenic suppressor converses the influence of a mutation at a distinct site in a similar gene.
On the other hand, an intergenic suppressor converses the influence of a mutation at a distinct locus of the gene. It is the intragenic suppressor mutation, which takes place in a similar gene where the occurrence of the first mutation had taken place. Therefore, the mutation, which hides the influence of another mutation at a location, which is different from the location of the original mutation, but taking place in a similar gene can be illustrated as the intragenic suppressor mutation.
Does climate change tend to be more abrupt or gradual? Explain your response.
Answer:
Gradual**
Explanation:
This seems to be an opinion based question but i mean if you look back at history in the early ages or pre- industrialization the worls had very little pollution but gradually as factories cars and other things started being invented we as humans started releasing harmful substances into our atmosphere which began slowly craving away at the ozone layer and til date we are doing the same thing and are facing climate change/ global warming. The world did not suddenly face this problem.
I hope this makes sense
Which submersible vessel has been used deep-sea research
Answer:
The challenger
Explanation:
Used to explore the south pacific, mainly the Mariana trench
Answer:
Which submersible has been used for deep sea research? Alvin Alvin (DSV-2) is a crewed deep-ocean research submersible owned by the United States Navy and operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
Explanation:
Are bacteria eukaryotes
Answer:
yes they very much are!!!!!!!!!
Based on the data table below, which number would be the BEST choice for the top number of the scale on the vertical axis of a scatter plot showing this data?
Answer:
D. 70
Explanation:
From the table given, we can easily tell that distance (m) is dependent on time (s). Distance is a dependent variable, while time is an independent variable.
If both variables were to be plotted to show the relationship between them on a scatter plot, the dependent variable is usually plotted on the vertical axis (y-axis), while the independent variable would be plotted on the horizontal axis (x-axis).
Distance would be in the vertical axis, while time would be in the horizontal axis.
Therefore, the BEST choice for the top number of the scale on the vertical axis would certainly be 70, because the highest value for distance (m) on the table of values is 69.
Challenge Question! If a pregnant woman had a karyotype prepared for her baby before birth, would it be more useful in predicting the risk of Down Syndrome or Tay Sachs disease?
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
Karyotype involves the process of viewing a persons chromosomes through Sophisticated equipments.
Down Syndrome or Tay Sachs disease are genetic diseases associated with chromosomal defects.
Having a karyotype prepared for her baby before birth, would be more useful in predicting the risk of Down Syndrome or Tay Sachs disease.
Explain how deforestion can lead to water pollution.
Hello I am new here can help.Thanks
Answer:
Although loss of forest cover can increase runoff, the increased runoff can accelerate soil erosion and increase the sediment load and turbidity of water sources, thus decreasing the water quality.
Explanation:
Explanation:
although loss of forest cover can increase runoff the increased runoff can accelerate soil erosion and increase the sediment load and turbidity of water source does decreasing the water
Why are G proteins known as guanine nucleotide-binding protein?
Answer:
G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior. ... G proteins belong to the larger group of enzymes called GTPases.
In the box provided explain why living organisms contain more hydrogen atoms than any other atoms yet 65% of a typical organisms mass is oxygen
Answer:
The prime reason for this is that an atom of oxygen comprises sixteen times more mass in comparison to a hydrogen atom.
Explanation:
This means that A orginasim will appear to contain more oxygen, but the size diffrence will mean that there will be more hydrogen, just of a smaller size with less mass, thus making up a lesser part of the organism in terms of mass, but the majority on the molecular level.
Answer:
Reason 1: The mass of Oxygen is 16 times that of Hydrogen. Hydrogen takes 16 atoms to equal the mass of 1 Oxygen atom.
Reason 2: A large portion of an organism’s mass is in the form of water. Water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Explanation:
I just took the test
Recent research has found that on one island of the Galapagos two finch species interbred. This interbreeding may have resulted in a hybrid species that ultimately led to the extinction of one of the species Darwin discovered. They call this speciation in reverse, or despeciation. Based on what you know about speciation, why are these terms appropriate?
Answer:
Speciation is defined as an evolutionary process in which one population evolves into a distinct species.
Speciation in reverse, or despeciation is defined as the extinction of an old species due to combining with evolved species to produce hybrid species but it conserves biological lineage.
In the given research, the term used despeciation or speciation in reverse is appropriate as hybrid species resulted from interbreeding of Galapagos two finch species conserved the biological lineage but also loss one of the species Darwin discovered.
Answer:
Speciation is the method by which unique species evolve from a common ancestor. In this case, two of these species that split from a common ancestor interbred and created a hybrid. This hybrid was apparently stronger and possibly better adapted to the environment, which led to extinction of a species formed by the initial speciation event.
Explanation:
Plato
