In 2010 the Federal Reserve Board (the Fed) reported that nonfinancial companies in the United States had around $2 trillion in cash and short-term liquid assets. As the U.S. economy was still struggling, consumer spending remained low, and companies resisted in investing in new projects that would create value for their stakeholders.
As the economy improves, uncertainty in the markets decreases, and companies will start investing in projects. However, the challenge of analyzing and selecting projects that would generate cash flows and returns and add value to the firm would remain.
The assumptions in the analysis about cost of equity and debt—overall and for projects—have a significant impact on the type and the value of investments that a company makes.
According to the Association of Finance Professionals’ report, published in 2011 on current trends in estimating and applying the cost of capital, companies use a discount rate that is usually above or below 1% of the company’s true rate. Using this information and certain inputs from the Fed, Michael Jacobs and Anil Shivdasani estimated that a 1% drop in the cost of capital leads U.S. companies to increase their investment by about $150 million over three years.
Based on your understanding of the concept of cost of capital, which of the following statements are valid?
a. Companies always use the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) as the discount rate to analyze the financial viability of projects.
b. A company’s estimate of cost of capital impacts its application in the analysis of new investments that, consequently, affects the value of the firm and shareholders’ wealth.
c. Investors care about the incremental value addition that new projects are making; they are least concerned with the discount rates that the company uses.
d. Companies incorporate the required rate of return in the cost of capital to compensate investors for the components’ risks.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

b. A company’s estimate of cost of capital impacts its application in the analysis of new investments that, consequently, affects the value of the firm and shareholders’ wealth.  d. Companies incorporate the required rate of return in the cost of capital to compensate investors for the components’ risks.

Explanation:

A  company's estimate of cost of capital, is serious because it is used in the calculations of the returns from a new investment which is used to calculate the value of the firm and its shareholders. They therefore need to make these estimates as accurate as possible.

Companies also incorporate the required rate of return in the cost of capital so that the investors who provided this capital, can be ensured of a return on their investment because it would be accounted for in analysis of new investments.


Related Questions

Mannix Corporation stock currently sells for $80 per share. The market requires a return of 10 percent on the firm's stock. If the company maintains a constant 6 percent growth rate in dividends, what was the most recent dividend per share paid on the stock

Answers

Answer: $3.02

Explanation:

The Gordon growth method can help solve this:

Formula is:

Price of stock = (Most recent dividend * (1 + growth rate)) / (required return - growth rate)

80 = ( D * ( 1 + 6%)) /  (10% - 6%)

80 = 1.06D / 4%

1.06D = 80 * 4%

D = 3.2 / 1.06

D = $3.02

Shawn Incorporated planned to produce 3,000 units of its single product, Megatron, during November. The standard specifications for one unit of Megatron include six pounds of material at $0.30 per pound. Actual production in November was 3,100 units of Megatron. The accountant computed a favorable materials price variance of $380 and an unfavorable materials quantity variance of $120. Based on these variances, one could conclude that:_________

Answers

Answer: The actual cost of materials was less than the standard cost

Explanation:

Net materials cost variance = Favorable materials price variance + Favorable materials quantity variance

= 380 + (-120 unfavorable)

= 380 - 120

= $260 favorable

As the materials cost variance is favorable, it means that the actual cost of materials was less than what was budgeted for it or rather its standard cost.

When should a company consider issuing debt instead of equity?

Answers

Answer:

Many fast-growing companies would prefer to use debt to support their growth, rather than equity, because it is, arguably, a less expensive form of financing (i.e., the rate of growth of the business's equity value is greater than the debt's borrowing cost).

Explanation:

Answer:

There could be many reasons, but probably the company reached its debt ceiling and is not able to borrow anymore (at acceptable conditions), due to low net cash flow relative to debt service, or low available collateral, or both.

Larger expansions or risky undertakings would also be more likely financed by equity - the expansion might require taking on more debt than the company is currently able to service, and the creditors are not sure if it will also bring sufficient additional EBITDA to service large debt. Similar thing with risky business proposals - it is more logical to finance them through equity, where investors share the hard-to-predict benefits as well as potential losses. If they were to be financed by debt, the loan should in theory carry very high interest to make up for the risk profile of the endeavor. Better to make it an equity investment.

Also, issuing equity improves your balance sheet and enables you to take on more debt. Having more equity could also mean cheaper debt (better interest rates). Debt is considered “senior” to equity, in theory losses should hit investors first and creditors later, so having a larger equity cushion means lower credit risk.

If the company suffered some hard times, they are already starved for cash and on top of that creditors would likely want to reduce their exposure - a perfect storm that could put the company out of business due to lack of liquidity, even when the business model is good in the long term (but who has a crystal ball, eh?). Raising more equity may be their only option.

A small toy store has organized its 10 inventory items on an annual dollar-volume basis. The information below shows the items, their annual demands, and unit costs. How should the store classify these items into groups A, B, and C?
Item Number Annual Volume (Units) Unit Cost ($)
Item 1 300 $10
Item 2 1000 $30
Item 3 500 $60
Item 4 100 $2
Item 5 1500 $20
Item 6 600 $50
Item 7 2000 $1.50
Item 8 900 $70
Item 9 1200 $2.00
Item 10 700 $40

Answers

Answer:

Classification:

Groups      Annual Dollar-Volume

 

A                  Above $30,000:

Item           Annual Volume  Unit Cost    Total Cost

Item 8              900                 $70         $63,000

B                  Above $3,000:

Item           Annual Volume  Unit Cost    Total Cost

Item 2              1,000                $30          $30,000

Item 3                500                $60          $30,000

Item 5             1,500                 $20         $30,000

Item 6               600                 $50         $30,000

Item 10              700                 $40         $28,000

C                 $3,000 and Below

Item           Annual Volume  Unit Cost    Total Cost

Item 1                300                 $10             $3,000  

Item 4               100                   $2                $200  

Item 7           2,000               $1.50             $3,000  

Item 9           1,200              $2.00             $2,400

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

Item           Annual Volume  Unit Cost    Total Cost

Number            (Units)                ($)               ($)

Item 1                  300                 $10           $3,000

Item 2              1,000                $30         $30,000

Item 3                500                $60         $30,000

Item 4                100                   $2              $200

Item 5            1,500                 $20         $30,000

Item 6              600                 $50         $30,000

Item 7           2,000               $1.50           $3,000

Item 8              900                 $70         $63,000

Item 9           1,200              $2.00           $2,400

Item 10            700                 $40         $28,000

Prepare journal entries for each transaction and identify the financial statement impact of each entry.
The financial statements are automatically generated based on the journal entries recorded.
Assume Adams Services began the year with the following balances: Cash, $41,000;
Accounts receivable, $11,200; and Common stock, $52,200.
Jan. 1 Leslie Adams invested $21,200 cash in the company in exchange for common stock.
Jan. 2 The company provided services to a client and immediately received $4,500 cash.
Jan. 3 The company received $11,200 cash from a client in payment for services to be provided next year.
Jan. 4 The company received $5,900 cash from a client in partial payment of accounts receivable.
Jan. 5 The company borrowed $11,000 cash from the bank by signing a note payable.

Answers

Answer:

Cash (Dr.) $21,200

Common Stock (Cr.) $21,200

Cash (Dr.) $4,500

Services to client (Cr.) $4,500

Cash (Dr.) $11,200

Unearned Revenue (Cr.) $11,200

Cash (Dr.) $5,900

Accounts Receivable (Cr.) $5,900

Cash (Dr.) $11,000

Notes Payable (Cr.) $11,000

Explanation:

Adams services may record these transactions as journal entries. The transactions may have some changes after they are recorded then adjusting entries will be prepared to reflect the correct effect of transaction on business activities.

Preferred stock is a hybrid security because it has some characteristics typical of debt and others typical of equity. The following table lists various characteristics of preferred stock. Determine which of these characteristics is consistent with debt and which is consistent with equity.

Characteristics Debt Equity
Dividends are fixed.
Usually has no specified maturity date

At the present time, Tamin Co. does not have any preferred stock outstanding but is looking to include preferred stock un its capital structure in the future. Tamin has found some institutional investors that are willing to purchase its preferred stock issue provided that it pays a perpetual dividend of $13 per share. If the investors pay $130.45 per share, Taemin's cost of preferred stock will _____.

a. 11.5%
b. 10.0%
c. 9.5%
d. 9.0%

Answers

Answer:

Dividends are fixed. ⇒ Consistent with Debt

Fixed dividends makes preferred shares consistent with debt because debt repayments are made in equal payments as well.

Usually has no specified maturity date ⇒ Consistent with Equity.

Equity has no set maturity date unlike debt and preferred stock has no maturity date either so is much like equity in this regard.

Cost of preferred stock.

Preferred stock is like a perpetuity. The cost of preferred stock is therefore:

= Constant dividend / Price of stock

= 13 / 130.45

= 9.97%

= 10%

How might a person in an information technology company have a lot of power even if he or she does not hold an executive title

Answers

Answer:

Even if individual doesn't even have an executive role, a person responsible of information technology for a corporation might wield tremendous authority. This is due to the fact that power is not necessarily linked to a position of authority.

Explanation:

A person with leadership qualities can advance to positions of power, allowing them to put their abilities and personality attributes to good use. A person in charge of information technology is also responsible for optimising the company's digital technologies owing to the nature of the role and responsibilities.

In an Information Technology company, an individual can have a lot of power regardless of whether or not they hold an executive position. This is because organizational power is not just linked to hierarchical position.

What are the responsibilities of an IT professional?

An individual who works with Information Technology handles sensitive information about an organization and is responsible for information security and optimization.

Therefore, an IT professional is responsible for managing information in an organization, creating and distributing it across computer networks securely and to the right users.

Find out more about Information Technology here:

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True or False: The shape of the production function reflects the law of increasing marginal returns. True False

Answers

Answer: False

Explanation:

The statement that "The shape of the production function reflects the law of increasing marginal returns" is false. Rather, the shape of the production function simply reflects the law of diminishing marginal returns.

The slope of the production function is used in the measurement of the change in output for every unit of labor input that's added.

The following information is given about two fixed coupon bonds from Company A and Company B, both of which have several years left until maturity. Both bonds have a par value of $1,000. Based on this information, which of the following is most accurate?
Company A Company B
Coupon = 4% Coupon = 8%
Yield = 6% Yield = 6%
A. Company A’s bond is priced higher than Company B’s and Company B’s bond is traded at a premium
B. Company A’s bond is priced lower than Company B’s and Company B’s bond is traded at a premium
C. Company A’s bond is priced higher than Company B’s and Company B’s bond is traded at a discount
D. Company A’s bond is priced lower than Company B’s and Company B’s bond is traded at a discount

Answers

Answer: B. Company A’s bond is priced lower than Company B’s and Company B’s bond is traded at a premium

Explanation:

Discount bond ⇒ Bond coupon rate is less than yield which leads to bond having a lower than par price.

Premium bond ⇒ Bond coupon rate is more than yield which leads to bond having higher than par price.

Company A therefore has a discount bond that has a low price compared to Company B which has a premium bond which means that its price is relatively high.

Company B's bond is therefore priced higher than Company A's bond.

Item65eBookItem 65When managers identify a market trend that suggests a new opportunity and then devise a strategy to go after this new opportunity, they are involved in the function of

Answers

Answer:

Planning.

Explanation:

A manager can be defined as an individual who is saddled with the responsibility of providing guidance, support, supervision, administrative control, as well as acting as a role model or example to the employees working in an organization by being morally upright.

Planning can be defined as the process of developing organizational objectives and translating them into action plans or courses of action.

This ultimately implies that, planning is a strategic technique used by organizations to make an aggregate plan for its manufacturing (production) process typically ahead of time, in order to have an idea of the level of goods that are to be produced and what resources are required so as to reduce the total cost of production to its barest minimum.

When managers identify a market trend that suggests a new opportunity and then devise a strategy to go after this new opportunity, they are involved in the function of planning.

Insert your overall conclusions about the relevance and significance of macroeconomics. Assess the effectiveness of your economic policy decisions. Did your economic policy decisions produce the anticipated results?

Answers

Answer:

Macroeconomics is a very relevant subfield of economics because it studies economic matters at the aggregate level, that means things such as inflation, unemployment, economic growth, investment, saving, and many other economic phenomena that are very relevant for all countries, all governments, and essentially everybody around the world.

Macroeconomics is a contested field, with some points in agreement, but many others in dispute among economists. For this reason, the policy recommendations that are based on macroeconomic criteria are often very different, and frequently clash into political conflict.

Economic policy decisions never produce exactly the expected result, but they often give a satisfactory result (not always). For example, the monetary policy based on the principles of monetarism did manage to bring down inflation substantially ever since it began to be applied in the late 1970s.

Southwest Airlines wants to raise $20 million to finance the renovation of their corporate offices, and the company wishes to raise the funds through direct finance. Which of the following methods could it use?

a. It could issue $20 million in stocks.
b. It could sell $20 million in bonds.
c. It could borrow $20 million from a bank.
d. It could choose either A or B.

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Direct finance is when a company or individual borrows money directly from the financial market without the aid of a financial intermediary.

Examples include :

issuing bondsissuing shares

Indirect finance is when a company or individual borrows money through a financial intermediary. for example, borrowing from a bank

Chavez Corporation reported the following data for the month of July: Inventories: Beginning Ending Raw materials $46,000 $39,500 Work in process $25,500 $36,000 Finished goods $41,500 $56,500 Additional information: Raw materials purchases $75,500 Direct labor cost $100,500 Manufacturing overhead cost incurred $68,500 Indirect materials included in manufacturing overhead cost incurred $11,800 Manufacturing overhead cost applied to Work in Process $67,500 Any underapplied or overapplied manufacturing overhead is closed out to cost of goods sold. The cost of goods manufactured for July is:

Answers

Answer:

Cost of goods manufactured= $228,700

Explanation:

To calculate the cost of goods manufactured, we need to use the following formula:

cost of goods manufactured= beginning WIP + direct materials + direct labor + allocated manufacturing overhead - Ending WIP

cost of goods manufactured= 25,500 + (46,000 + 75,500 - 39,500) + 100,500 + (68,500 - 11,800) - 36,000

cost of goods manufactured= $228,700

We deduct the indirect material from overhead because it is already incorporated into direct materials.

What does a MRTS​ = ​mean? It means that if the input on the horizontal axis is increased by one​ unit, then the input on the vertical axis ▼ increases decreases by units and output will ▼ increase decrease not change .

Answers

Answer:

MRTS​ means that if the input on the horizontal axis is increased by one​ unit, then the input on the vertical axis decreases by units and output will not change.

Explanation:

The marginal rate of technical substitution (MRTS) can be described as the amount by which one input's quantity must be decreased when an additional unit of another input is used to keep output constant. MRST is also known as technical rate of substitution.

Therefore, MRTS​ means that if the input on the horizontal axis is increased by one​ unit, then the input on the vertical axis decreases by units and output will not change.

For most goods in an economy, the primary signal that guides the decisions of buyers and sellers is a. quality. b. advertising.

Answers

Answer:

There will be more options than 2 of them. Probably it was a brainly error.

For most goods in an economy, the primary signal that guides the decisions of buyers and sellers is price.

Professional Products Inc., a wholesaler of office products, was organized on February 5 of the current year, with an authorization of 100,000 shares of preferred 2% stock, $50 par and 650,000 shares of $25 par common stock. The following selected transactions were completed during the first year of operations:
Feb. 5. Issued 700,000 shares of common stock at par for cash.
Feb. 5. Issued 1,200 shares of common stock at par to an attorney in payment of legal fees for organizing the corporation.
Apr. 9. Issued 40,000 shares of common stock in exchange for land, buildings, and equipment with fair market prices of $120,000, $280,000, and $80.000, respectively.
June 14. Issued 25,000 shares of preferred stock at $82 for cash.
Journalize the transactions.

Answers

Answer:Please find answers below

Explanation:

Being the issue of 700,000 shares of common stock at par for cash

Date             Accounts and explanation             Debit                Credit

5th Feb           Cash (700,000 shares × $25)    $17,500,000

      To Common Stock                                                                 $17,500,000  

 

Being the issue of 1200 shares of common stock at par for legal fees

Date             Accounts and explanation             Debit                Credit

5th Feb      Legal Fees  (1200 shares × $25)     $30,000

                To Common Stock                                                     $30,000

Being the issue of the common stock in exchange of assets

Date             Accounts and explanation             Debit                Credit

9th Apr        Land                                            $120,000

                 Building                                          $280,000

                Equipment                                        $80,000

     To Common Stock  (40,000 shares × $25)                       $1,000,000  

           To Paid in capital excess of par value

(error noticed as the debit and credit balance do not tall after computation the amount of land, building and equipment  $120,000, $280,000, and $80.000,with respect to the common stock of 40,000 shares × $25)

Being the issuance of the preferred stock.

Date             Accounts and explanation             Debit                Credit

14th Jun    Cash  (25,000 shares × $82)           $2,050,000

         To preferred Stock (25,000 shares × $50)                     $1,250,000

         To Paid in capital excess of par value                               $800,000

What is the dollar price of a zero coupon bond with 21 years to maturity, semiannual compounding, and a par value of $1,000, if the YTM is:

Answers

Answer:

Zero-cupon bond= $192.57

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Number of periods to maturity= 21*2= 42 semesters

Par value= $1,000

I will assume a yield to maturity of 8%. 4% semestral.

To calculate the price of the bond, we need to use the following formula:

Zero-cupon bond= [face value/(1+i)^n]

Zero-cupon bond= [1,000 / (1.04^42)]

Zero-cupon bond= $192.57

Suppose the market price of corn is​ $5.50 per bushel. Which of the following is not one of the three conditions that will need to be satisfied for the corn market to be in equilibrium at this​ price? A. Both the buyers and sellers of corn could benefit by making small changes to their market behaviors. B. The cost to corn farmers of growing the corn must be less than​ $5.50 per bushel. C. The quantity of corn produced by corn farmers will equal the quantity purchased by buyers. D. The buyers of corn will only use it for activities that they feel are worth at least​ $5.50 per bushel.

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Jensen Company purchased a new machine on January 1, 2018, at a cost of $104,000. The company estimated that the machine has a salvage value of $8,000. The machine is expected to be used for 80,000 working hours during its 8-year life.
Compute depreciation using the Double-declining method for 2018:
Straight-line for 2018 and 2019, assuming a December 31 year-end.
unit of activity
depriciation

Answers

Answer:

Results are below.

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Purchase price= $80,000

Salvage value= $8,000

Useful life= 8 years

To calculate the annual depreciation under the double-declining balance method, we need to use the following formula:

Annual depreciation= 2*[(book value)/estimated life (years)]

2018:

Annual depreciation= 2*[(80,000 - 8,000) / 8]

Annual depreciation= $18,000

Now, the straight-line method:

Annual depreciation= (original cost - salvage value)/estimated life (years)

Annual depreciation= (80,000 - 72,000) / 8

Annual depreciation= $9,000

It remains constant during useful life.

Finally, the units-of-activity method (suppose 15,000 hours):

Annual depreciation= [(original cost - salvage value)/useful life of production in hours]*hours operated

Annual depreciation= [(80,000 - 8,000) / 80,000]*15,000

Annual depreciation= $13,500

Depreciation refers to the reduction in the value of asset over time and such valued reduction are reflected in the Balance sheet at year ended.

Machine usage period is 3 month (1st October 2017 - 31st December 2017)

Computing the Straight-line depreciation for 2017 and 2018

Depreciation for 2017 = (Cost - Salvage value) / Useful Life

Depreciation for 2017 = (104,000 - 8,000) /8

Depreciation for 2017 = $96,000 / 8

Depreciation for 2017 = $12,000 per year

For the 3 month, Depreciation for 2017 = $12,000*3/12 = $3,000

Depreciation for 2018 = (Cost - Salvage) / Useful Life

Depreciation for 2018 = ($104,000 - $8,000) /8

Depreciation for 2018= $96,00 ) /8

Depreciation for 2018 = 12000

Computing the Declining-balance using double the straight-line rate for 2017 and 2018

Useful life = 8 Year

Straight line Depreciation % = 1/8

Straight line Depreciation = 0.125

Straight line Depreciation = 12.50%

Depreciation Rate = 2 * 12.50

Depreciation Rate = 25%

Depreciation for Year 2017 = $104,000*25%*3/12

Depreciation Rate = $6,500

Depreciation for Year 2018 = ($104,000 - $6,500)*20%

Depreciation for Year 2018 = $24,375

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The petty cash fund had an initial imprest balance of $110. It currently has $21 and petty cash tickets totaling $73 for office supplies. The entry to replenish the fund would contain:_______
a) a debit to Petty Cash for $89
b) a debit to Cash Short & Over for $16.
c) a credit to Petty Cash for $89
d) a credit to Cash Short & Over for $16

Answers

Answer:

B. Debit to cash short and over $16

Explanation:

The total entry to replenish the cash would be:

office supplies.   73

cash short and over 16

                           Cash.       89

The entry to replenish the fund would contain is Debit to cash short and over $16. Thus, option B is correct.

What is petty cash?

Petty cash is a minuscule portion of discretion funds in the form of cash that is used for expenses when it would be inconvenient and costly to make a distribution by cheque due to the hassle and costs of drafting, signing, and then cashing the cheque.

Petty cash seems to be a small sum of money held on the corporate premises to cover minor monetary demands. Office supplies, cards, flowers, and other items are examples of these contributions. Petty cash is kept in a petty cash drawer or box close to where it is required.

The total entry to replenish the cash would be:

Office supplies                                      73

cash short and over                              16

                                To  Cash                                89

Therefore, it can be concluded that the replenishment entry would be Debit to cash short and above $16. As a result, option B is correct.

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In a standard cost accounting system, the entry to record purchase of raw materials on account for $13500 when the standard cost is $12620 includes:______.
a. debit to Raw Materials Inventory for 12,750, debit to Materials Price Variance for $750 and credit to Accounts Payable for $13,500.
B. debit to Materials Price Variance for S7S0 and credit to Accounts Payable for $750.
c. debit to Raw Materials Inventory for $13,500 and credit to Accounts Payable of $13,500.
d. debit to Raw Materials Inventory for $12,750 and credit to Accounts Payable of $12,750.

Answers

Answer:

a. Debit to raw material inventory for $12,750, debit to material price variance $750 and credit to account payable for $13,500.

Explanation:

Date  Journal Entry                                   Debit      Credit

         Raw Material Inventory                   $12,750

         Material Price Variance                   $750

               Accounts Payable                                     $13,500

Natal Technologies is developing a superior ultrasound machine for which it is required to invest $800,000. Based on the company's analysis, the product will generate $200,000 from the first year till perpetuity. According to this, the payback period is ________.
a. 10 years.
b. 6 years.
c. 3 months.
d. 4 years.

Answers

Answer:

d. 4 years.

Explanation:

The payback period is the length of time that it takes for the future cash flows to equal the amount invested in a project. It takes 4 years to get $800,000 for  Natal Technologies product.

Explain how each of these terms is reflected in some way during the period of the American Revolution.

Answers

Answer:

The American Revolution was a revolution in the second half of the 18th century, during which the 13 original colonies that today form an area along the American east coast seceded from Britain and established the United States of America as a federal republic.

The American Revolution brought about a number of major intellectual and social changes in young American society, particularly the interest in a Republican government. The American patriots were strongly influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment; they were against autocracy and did not see the French form of government as a viable solution. In some colonies there were heated debates over the role of democracy in the organization of the state. The change of public opinion towards a republican government and a gradually expanding democracy brought about great changes in the structure of society and laid the foundation for the central ideas by which the United States is still governed.

All standard costing methods use the predetermined overhead rate to apply factory overhead. This is based on an estimated amount that is calculated during the budgeting process at the beginning of the year. Therefore, there will almost always be a variance between the factory overhead that is applied and the actual factory overhead that is accumulated. These variances should be a minimal amount, but may sometimes be material. Therefore, it is important that an accountant find the cause of the variance, so as not to repeat it. Determining the reasons for variances is an important part of the overall process of variance analysis. Certain causes are commonly attributed to specific variances. Match each reason on the left with the variance(s) it commonly creates. Each numbered item has one or more correct answer(s). Each lettered item may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
1. A change in the quality of materials purchased
2. A new supplier contract
3. Error in the accounting records
4. Change in proportion of spoiled materials
5. Unreasonable standard
6. Unanticipated overtime hours
7. A change in the government-mandated minimum wage
8. Equipment malfunction
9. A change in average worker experience or training
A. Direct materials price variance
B. Direct materials quantity variance
C. Direct labor rate variance
D. Direct labor efficiency

Answers

Answer:

1. A change in the quality of materials purchased

Variance: Direct materials quantity variance

2. A new supplier contract

Variance: Direct materials price variance

3. Error in the accounting records

Variance: Direct materials price variance

4. Change in proportion of spoiled materials

Variance: Direct materials quantity variance

5. Unreasonable standard

Variance: Direct labor efficiency

6. Unanticipated overtime hours

Variance: Direct labor rate variance

7. A change in the government-mandated minimum wage

Variance: Direct labor rate variance

8. Equipment malfunction

Variance: Direct labor efficiency

9. A change in average worker experience or training

Variance: Direct labor efficiency

Investors require an after-tax rate of return of 10% on their stock investments. Assume that the tax rate on dividends is 30% while capital gains escape taxation. A firm will pay a $2 per share dividend 1 year from now, after which the firm's stock is expected to sell at a price of $30.

Required:
a. Find the current price of the stock.
b. Find the expected before-tax rate of return for a 1-year holding period.
c. Now suppose that the dividend will be $3 per share. If the expected after-tax rate of return is still 10%, and investors still expect the stock to sell at $20 in 1 year, at what price must the stock now sell?
d. What is the before-tax of return? Why is it now higher than in part (b)?

Answers

Answer:

a. $28.5

b. 12.28%

c.  $29.18

d. 13.09%

Explanation:

a. let current price = p

p*1.10 = 2(1-0.3)+30

= 1.4+30/1.10

= 31.4/1.10

= 28.5

the current price of the stock is approximately 28.5 dollars

b. (30+2 /28.5)-1

= 32/28.5 - 1

= 0.1228

= 12.28%

expected before tax rate is 12.28%

c. 3(1-0.3)+30 / 1.10

= 3*0.7+30/1.10

= $29.18

d. before tax rate of return

= (3$ + 30-29.18)/29.18

= 0.1309

= 13.09%

it is now higher here given that given that a greater dividend causes more tax burden.

Calculate real rate if you have nominal rate is 12% and inflation rate is 7% Enter the answer in percentage format to two decimal place without the % sign -> 9.30 and not 9.3% or .093)

Answers

Answer: 5.00

Explanation:

The real interest rate is the difference between the nominal interest and the inflation rate.

Real interest rate will be:

= Nominal interest rate − Inflation rate.

= 12% - 7%

= 5.00

Therefore, the real Interest rate is 5.00.

LUVFINANCE, Inc. is estimating its WACC. The firm could sell, at par, $100 preferred stock that pays a 10 percent annual dividend and incurs 6.19% flotation costs. What is the cost of new preferred stock financing

Answers

Answer:

$10.66

Explanation:

Calculation to determine the cost of new preferred stock financing

Cost of new preferred stock financing=(100*10%)/(100*(1-0.0619))

Cost of new preferred stock financing=10/(100*(1-0.0619))

Cost of new preferred stock financing=10/(100*0.9381)

Cost of new preferred stock financing=10/93.81

Cost of new preferred stock financing=$10.66

Therefore the cost of new preferred stock financing is $10.66

The Cullumber Acres Inn is trying to determine its break-even point during its off-peak season. The inn has 50 rooms that it rents at $65 a night. Operating costs are as follows:

Salaries $7,500 per month
Utilities $1,000 per month
Depreciation $1,100 per month
Maintenance $2,940 per month
Maid service $24 per room
Other costs $46 per room

Required:
Determine the innâs break-even point in number of rented rooms per month.

Answers

Answer:

Results are below.

Explanation:

First, we need to calculate the total fixed cost and the total unitary variable cost:

Total fixed cost= salaries + utilities + depreciation + maintenance

Total fixed cost= 7,500 + 1,000 + 1,100 + 2,940

Total fixed cost= $12,540

Total unitary variable cost= 24 + 46

Total unitary variable cost= $70

As the unitary contribution margin is negative (65 - 70), the company will never break even. I will assume that the selling price is incorrect, and the room costs $85:

Break-even point in units= fixed costs/ contribution margin per unit

Break-even point in units= 12,450 / (85 - 70)

Break-even point in units= 830

The company's bank reconciliation at June 30 included interest earned in the amount of $150. Complete the necessary journal entry by selecting the account names and dollar amounts from the drop-down menus.

Answers

Answer:

Dr Cash $150

Cr Interest Revenue $150

Explanation:

Based on the information given ifnThe bank statement included a CREDIT MEMORANDUM in the amount of $150 for interest which means that the journal entry will be :

Dr Cash $150

Cr Interest Revenue $150

You invested 50% of the wealth in stock A and the remaining 50% in stock B. The expected rates of returns on A and B are given below: Year Expected return on A Expected return on B 2000 14% 16% 2001 15% 17% 2002 16% 18%2003 17% 19%Find the standard deviation of the portfolio. A. 0.955%.B. 1.291%.C. 1.697%.D. 2.124%.E. 2.890%.

Answers

Answer:

B. 1.291%

Explanation:

The computation of the standard deviation is shown below;

= 2000 + 2001 + 2002 +  2003

= 0.5 × 14% + 0.5 × 16% + 0.5 × 15% + 0.5 × 17% + 0.5 × 16% + 0.5 × 18% + 0.5 × 17% + 0.5 × 19%

= 15% + 16%  + 17% + 18%

= stdev( 15% + 16%  + 17% + 18%)

= 1.291%

Hence, the correct option is b.

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