In real life, sequencing data is never as clean and clear as the sequencing data presented here. Typically, sequencing machines do not read eDNA sequences perfectly, occasionally mistaking a C for a T, for instance (though this is often <1% of the time). Additionally, there will even be some variability of the barcode among individuals of the same species! How can sequences without 100% identity to a reference still be useful for biodiversity assessment

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

by using consensus sequences and complementing DNA barcoding data with other sources of information (e.g., morphological, and ecological data)  

Explanation:

DNA barcoding refers to the taxonomic method used to identify and classify species by comparing DNA sequences. Some of the most used barcoding genes include the 16 subunit (16S) of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene in prokaryotes, the Cytochrome c Oxidase I (COI) gene in animals, the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequence in fungi and the RuBisCO gene in plants. A good gene for DNA barcoding purposes must exhibit intraspecific variability, conserved regions in order to synthesize appropriate PCR primers, and the sequence need to be short in length (100 to 1000 bases). The main problem associated with this identification method is the confidence value between genetic sequences. For example, when COI sequences are identical, there is a 6 percent of chance that these sequences belong to different species. On the other hand, the percentage of intraspecific variability among DNA barcoding sequences is variable, even among closely related species. This problem, as well as bioinformatic errors related to sequence reads, can be partially overcome by aligning genetic sequences (including outgroups) in order to obtain consensus sequences. Moreover, taxonomists reasonably argue that DNA barcoding data should be complemented with morphological and ecological data in order to achieve accurate species identification.


Related Questions

Which range best describes the possible number of cells in one organism

Answers

Answer:

ant to whale

Explanation:

Describe the conditions under which new species may arise.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:i dont knowim so sorry

Answer:

New species arise through a process called speciation. In speciation, an ancestral species splits into two or more descendant species that are genetically different from one another and can no longer interbreed.

Explanation:

5. Most Sex-linked disorders like hemophilia and colorblindness are located on *

Answers

Answer:

Either the X or Y chromosome (the sex chromosomes)

Explanation:

Color blindness, hemophilia and muscular dystrophy are three x-linked phenotypes.

When certain molecules accept and then donate electrons, they also pick up H+ ions in the matrix, then release them into the inter membrane space.
As H+ diffuses back into the matrix through ATP synthase, its passage drives the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. This process is called.............
A.Chemiosmosis
B.Electron Transport Chain
C. Synthesis of ATP
D.ADP phosphorylation

Answers

The answer is going to be A

How does the ocean affect climate on land?

Answers

Answer:

1.due to land breeze and sea breeze

2.area near the ocean has mild climate

Which of the following strands are complementary DNA sequences?
Choose 1 answer:

Answers

It's B!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

What steps do you think could be taken to help generate jobs and help people and rise out property

Answers

wait sorry i don’t get it text me in the text box

CAN SOMEONE HELPP ME :(

Answers

I think it could be the answer b

Which organization would not have to abide by OSHA guidelines?

a. nuclear plant
b. religious-based corporation
c. family run business with only local employees
d. all organizations must abide by OSHA guidelines

Correct ans: Nuclear plant :)

Answers

Answer:

b. religious-based corporation

Please help me with this biology thing.

Answers

Answer:

Answer:

1.

a)dd

b) dd

c) 0%

2.

a) 25%

b) 75%

c) 25%

3.

a) 03

b) 0

c) tt

4.

a) FF x ff OR FF x Ff OR FF x FF

b) Because all the children have freckles

The process of. Produces a new copy of an organisms genetic information which is passed on to a new cell

Answers

what process produces new copy of organisms genetic information?

DNA replication

Hurry Timed!!! Help pls!!! 20 points!!!

Answers

Answer:

This fern has roughly 630 pairs of chromosomes or 1260 chromosomes per cell. The fact that these cells can accurately segregate these enormous numbers of chromosomes during mitosis is truly remarkable.

Explanation:

Leaf cell has 21 chromosomes.

Why don’t eclipses occur during any other moon phases besides the new and full moon?

Answers

The Sun's (S) shadow cones ( umbras ) of the Moon (M) and the
Earth (E) are revolving, relatively.. When the Moon's umbra sweeps
the Earth's surface, it is solar eclipse. If the Earth's shadow sweeps
the surface of the Moon, it is lunar eclipse. These do not happen in
every New Moon and Full Moon. They happen, when the

E
M
S
, during New Moon, and the

M
E
S
. during Full
Moon, are very near
180
o
, for near-perfect alignment.

How is viral reproduction different from the reproduction of single-celled and multicellular
organisms?

A. The virus depends entirely on a host cell to reproduce.

B. The virus relies on nucleic acids, such as DNA, to reproduce.

C. The virus relies on proteins to reproduce.

D. The virus reproduces very rapidly, but in smaller numbers.

Answers

Answer:

A. The virus depends entirely on a host cell to reproduce

Viral reproduction different from the reproduction of single-celled and multicellular organisms because the virus depends entirely on a host cell to reproduce. Thus, option A is correct.

What are the difference between single- celled and multicellular organism?

The main difference between single- celled and multicellular organism is that single- cellled organisms are made up only single cell on the other hand multicellular organisms are made up of multiple cells.

Cell theory is a scientific theory that's help to learn how living organisms are made up of cells, that's they are the basic structure unit of all organisms, and that all cells from pre-existing cells.

Prokaryotic Cell

Prokaryotic cells are single-celled microorganisms known to be  earliest on earth.

Eukaryotic cell

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed within the nuclear membrane and form large and complex organism.

Difference between unicellular and multicellular.

The main difference between unicellular organisms and multicellular organisms is that unicellular organism is unspecialized it means all the body function depends upon only on the single cell and in multicellular organism there is specific cells for specific purposes.

Multicellular and unicellular organisms are perform almost all the life running activities and processes such as respiration, reproduction digestion, breathing, and metabolism.

In unicellular organism division of labour is at the organ level on the other hand in multicellular the division of labour at cellular, tissue, organs and organ system level.

Unicellular organism has simple body organization and multicellular organism have complex body organism.

Therefore,viral reproduction different from the reproduction of single-celled and multicellular organisms because the virus depends entirely on a host cell to reproduce. Thus, option A is correct.

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answer sheet of Grade 10 science what I have Learned module 2 Quarter 3​

Answers

i’m sorry but i would like to help but this got me lost

Question 4
Which of the following is not considered hazardous waste?
A
dead batteries such as those used in flashlights and radios
B
rotting meat and other food waste
С
metals such as lead and mercury
D

Answers

b rotting meat and other food waste

You are breeding alligators to be reintroduced in the wild. One of the female alligators is albino. Would it be possible to get normal colored alligators from this female? Identify the genotypes of each individual and show your work in
the Punnett squares below.

Answers

Answer:

It is possible for normal coloured alligators to be produced. If the albino trait is recessive and normal is dominant, the male would need 1-2 dominant alleles to produce a normal coloured alligator. It is also possible for a normal coloured alligator to be produced if albino is dominant and normal is recessive. In this circumstance, the female must be h e t e r ozygous, but the male can be either h o m ozygous or h e t e r o zygous to produce normal coloured offspring.

First punnet square genotypes:

Female - albino

Male - albino/normal (can be either one)

Second punnet square genotypes:

Female - Normal

Male - albino/normal (can be either one)

Mitosis and meiosis are similar processes. Which BEST describes what can only occur after meiosis?

A.Parent cells can be either haploid or diploid.

B.Products of cell division result in identical genotypes.

C.Four daughter cells are produced by a single parent cell.

D.The number of chromosomes per nucleus remains the same after division.

Answers

Answer:

C.Four daughter cells are produced by a single parent cell.

Please help, (Genetics question)

Answers

The answer is 3

Explanation I just makes sense I don’t know how to explain it but the answer is number 3

A set of 23 chromosomes in a human cell
contains 3.2 billion pairs of DNA bases in
sequence. On average, about how many pairs
of bases are in each chromosome?

Answers

Explanation:

The human genome contains approximately 3 billion of these base pairs, which reside in the 23 pairs of chromosomes within the nucleus of all our cells. Each chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes, which carry the instructions for making proteins.

The human genome contains approximately 3 billion of these base pairs, which reside in the 23 pairs of chromosomes within the nucleus of all our cells. Each chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes, which carry the instructions for making proteins.

What is chromosome ?

A chromosome is a thread-like structure present in the nucleus of cells such as plant, animal and human cells and it is made of a molecule of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and histone proteins.

It is composed of three components, DNA, proteins and RNA,  amount of the DNA content ranges from 30 to 40 %, the amount of proteins from 50 to 65%, and small amount of RNA from 1 to 10%.

Two types of protein present in DNA such as histone and non-histones proteins, histone constitute large amount (90% of total protein), whereas non-histone is present in small amount (around 10% of total protein).

The histone protein is basic, whereas, the DNA is acidic, so it can be neutralized; DNA in chromosome  is present in two forms such as Euchromatin and Heterochromatin.

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Fungi are all eukaryotes that are not animals, plants or protists.
TRUE
FALSE
Check it

Answers

Answer:

true

Explanation:

this is it I think.:)

Describe how each of the
following are evidence for Continental Drift
1. Fossils
2. Landforms
3. Rock Formations
4. Climate

Answers

Answer:

idek sorry

Explanation:

29.
Use the diagram below to answer questions 29 and 30.
Use Note-taking 22-6 to help you identify the five major root structures on the drawing of a
dicot root.
А A.
B
B.
с
C.
D.
D
E.
E

Answers

Answer:

The diagram represents the process of enlarging a rectangle using a scale factor of 3. The width of the original rectangle must be:

9 in.

11 in.

12 in.

17 in.

Explanation:


The region of the stem nearest the seed.

Answers

Answer:

B. Hypocotyl

Explanation:

What is the steps of preparing yeast slides?

Answers

Answer:

To begin, you need to prepare a yeast solution. Add the yeast and sugar to the warm water. Stir and let it sit for 45 minutes. Once the yeast solution is ready, place a small drop onto a slide and cover with a coverslip.

Explanation:

□ Microscope 1
□ Microscope Slide and Cover Slip 1
□ Toothpick 1
□ Centrifuge Tube or Small dish 1
□ Centrifuge Tube Rack or small Test Tube Rack 1
□ Methylene Blue (preferably in a dropping bottle, .5% concentration) 1 drop
□ Petri dish with Yeast Cell Colonies 1
□ Disposable Pipette

The image illustrates a building with a green roof - a roof that is covered in
living vegetation. Why would a society use this sustainable practice?
A. It reduces the amount of carbon dioxide taken up in an area.
B. It replaces invasive nonnative plants with native plants.
C. It replaces natural wilderness with more pavement.
D. It reduces the building's energy costs for heating and cooling,

Answers

Answer:The image illustrates a building with a green roof - a roof that is covered in living vegetation . What is a goal of this sustainable practice for societal development ?

Explanation:

A society uses this sustainable practice because it reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in an area. So, the correct option is (A).

What is Sustainable practice?

Sustainable practices are described as supporting ecological, human and economic health and vitality. Sustainability recognizes which resources are limited. It should be used conservatively and wisely which take into account long-term priorities and consequences of the way resources are used.

Reduce, reuse and recycle are the basic principles of wise use of resource. Natural resources are conserved and protected by deploying these principals by reducing landfill waste, energy consumption and pollution.

Some sustainable practices are:

By reusing paper and plastic bags for shoppingBy opting for paperless documentsBy avoiding disposable kitchen items

Thus, a society uses this sustainable practice because it reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in an area. So, the correct option is (A).

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Can small carbon compounds be formed into large carbon compounds?

Answers

Answer:

ya it can also be the largest compound but it needs alot if pressure

Carbon is the only element that can form so many different compounds because each carbon atom can form four chemical bonds to other atoms and because the carbon atom is just the right, small size to fit in comfortably as parts of very large molecules.

the correct sequence of events in meiosis

Answers

Phrophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

explain how important is the role of the parents during the earlier stage of development?​

Answers

The Role of parents is important is the early stage of development because parents are there to teach and help the child learn and advance in life

Inclusion bodies may contain which of the following?

Polyhydroxybutyrate
Ribosomes
DNA
RNA

Answers

Inclusion bodies contain very little host protein, ribosomal components or DNA/RNA fragments.

Inclusion bodies may contain Ribosome, DNA, and RNA. The correct option is B, C, and D.

What is an inclusion?

It is a type of body that is present in neurons, tissue cells, and like red blood cells, bacteria, viruses, etc. It is a type of protein.

These bodies contain or store fats and sugars in animals and in plants it store glycogen.

Thus, the correct options are B, C, and D.

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