Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca divide the starting points of argumentation into two categories. Specific sources of agreement are placed under each heading to provide a foundation for constructing persuasive arguments.
Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca categorize the starting points of argumentation as "loci of commonplaces" and "loci of particular circumstances." Under the heading of "loci of commonplaces," the sources of agreement are general principles or values that are widely accepted within a given audience or community.
These commonplaces provide a shared foundation for constructing arguments and can include ideas such as justice, fairness, or moral values. In contrast, under the heading of "loci of particular circumstances," the sources of agreement are specific facts, events, or situations that are known or accepted by both the arguer and the audience.
These circumstances serve as evidence or points of reference to support the argument being presented. By recognizing and utilizing these starting points, arguers can establish a common ground with their audience and increase the effectiveness of their persuasive argument.
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it is the dead not the living who make the longest demands meaning
The phrase "It is the dead not the living who make the longest demands" means that the dead often leave behind significant legacies or requests that the living must attend to, which can be both burdensome and time-consuming.
What this phrase means is that people who have passed on and are no longer living often leave behind unfinished businesses, unresolved conflicts, unsettled debt, incomplete projects, and so on. These unfinished tasks may need to be resolved by the living, and they may take a long time to complete.In contrast, the living's requests are often short-lived and changeable. Their needs can be met through interactions with others, but the dead's requests are usually more significant and long-lasting.
This phrase highlights the concept that the dead demand a lot more attention than the living. It also suggests that we should try to deal with any unfinished business while we are still alive so that we don't burden those we leave behind.
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Make a plot of hardness vs. % reduction in thickness, assuming that % reduction varies linearly across the width of the specimen from 0 at the edge to 50% at the center.
To make a plot of hardness vs. % reduction in thickness, assuming that % reduction varies linearly across the width of the specimen from 0 at the edge to 50% at the center, follow the steps below:
Step 1: Take a specimen whose width is 50 mm. The reduction varies linearly across the width of the specimen from 0 at the edge to 50% at the center. Therefore, the reduction at a distance x from the edge is given by the equation: Percent reduction (ε) = 50 - (2 * x)
Step 2: From the given data, we know that hardness is directly proportional to the percent reduction in thickness. Therefore, we can write the hardness (H) as:Hardness (H) = k x Percent reduction (ε)where k is the constant of proportionality.
Step 3: Substitute the value of percent reduction (ε) in the above equation to get:Hardness (H) = k x (50 - 2x)
Step 4: Simplify the above equation to get it in the form of y = mx + c, where y is the dependent variable (hardness), x is the independent variable (% reduction in thickness), m is the slope of the line, and c is the y-intercept.Hardness (H) = -2kx + 50k
Step 5: Now we can plot the graph of hardness vs. % reduction in thickness using the equation derived in step 4. The graph will be a straight line passing through the point (0, 50k) and having a slope of -2k. The x-axis represents the % reduction in thickness, and the y-axis represents the hardness.
The graph will look like this: Hardness vs. % reduction in thickness plot
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1.Why would it matter that an audience may be made up of more
women than men, or more Asian Americans than Hispanics, or older
people than younger people?
b. How would this information affect the wa
Understanding the demographics of an audience is crucial because it helps the speaker tailor their message to meet the specific needs and interests of different groups. By adapting their approach accordingly, speakers can improve the effectiveness and impact of their communication.
It matters that an audience may be composed of different demographic groups because the characteristics of the audience can influence the effectiveness of communication and the reception of the message. Understanding the composition of the audience allows the speaker to tailor their message to resonate with their specific needs, interests, and cultural backgrounds. Recognizing the diversity within the audience helps to avoid assumptions, stereotypes, or biases that may hinder effective communication. It allows the speaker to adapt their language, examples, and delivery style to connect with the audience on a deeper level. For example, if the audience is predominantly older people, the speaker may choose to use more relatable references from their generation or adjust the pace and volume of their speech to accommodate potential hearing impairments.
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