Business High School

.Whitman Company has just completed its first year of operations. The company's absorption costing income statement for the year appears below:

Whitman Company Income Statement Sales (39,000 units x $40.60 per unit) $1,542,800

Cost of goods sold (38,000 units x $24 per unit) 912,000

Gross margin 630,800

Selling and administrative expenses 437,000

Net operating income $193,800

The company's selling and administrative expenses consist of $285,000 per year in fixed expenses and $4 per unit sold in variable expenses. The $24 per unit product cost given above is computed as follows:

Direct materials $11

Direct labor 5

Variable manufacturing overhead 3

Fixed manufacturing overhead ($240,000 x 48,000 units) 5

Absorption costing unit product cost $24

1. Prepare the company's income statement in the contribution format using variable costing.

2. Reconcile any difference between the net operating income on your variable costing income statement and the net operating income on the absorption costing income statement.

Answers

Answer 1

1. Whitman Company Income Statement (Variable Costing)

Sales: (39,000 units x $40.60 per unit) $1,542,800

Variable Expenses:

- Direct materials: (39,000 units x $11 per unit) $429,000

- Direct labor: (39,000 units x $5 per unit) $195,000

- Variable manufacturing overhead: (39,000 units x $3 per unit) $117,000

- Variable selling and administrative expenses: (39,000 units x $4 per unit) $156,000

Total Variable Expenses: $897,000

Contribution Margin: $1,542,800 - $897,000 = $645,800

Fixed Expenses:

- Fixed manufacturing overhead: $240,000

- Fixed selling and administrative expenses: $285,000

Total Fixed Expenses: $525,000

Net Operating Income: $645,800 - $525,000 = $120,800

2. Reconciliation of Net Operating Income:

Absorption Costing Net Operating Income: $193,800

Variable Costing Net Operating Income: $120,800

Difference = Absorption Costing Net Operating Income - Variable Costing Net Operating Income

= $193,800 - $120,800

= $73,000

The difference of $73,000 represents the increase in net operating income under absorption costing compared to variable costing. This difference is due to the fixed manufacturing overhead being absorbed into the product cost under absorption costing. Since the company produced more units (39,000) than it sold (38,000), the fixed manufacturing overhead allocated to each unit is higher, resulting in a higher product cost and higher net operating income under absorption costing.

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Related Questions

Earleton Manufacturing Company has $2 billion in sales and $471,500,000 in fixed assets. Currently, the company's fixed assets are operating at 85% of capacity.

What level of sales could Earleton have obtained if it had been operating at full capacity? Write out your answers completely. For example, 13 million should be entered as 13,000,000. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.
$

What is Earleton's target fixed assets/sales ratio? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
%

If Earleton's sales increase 20%, how large of an increase in fixed assets will the company need to meet its target fixed assets/sales ratio? Write out your answer completely. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.
$

Answers

The Target fixed assets/sales ratio of Earleton's is 23.58% . The required increase in fixed assets is $242,454,000.

If Earleton Manufacturing Company is currently operating at 85% of capacity and has $2 billion in sales, to determine the level of sales it could have obtained if operating at full capacity, we can use the formula:

Full capacity sales = Current sales / Capacity utilization

Full capacity sales = $2,000,000,000 / 0.85 = $2,352,941,176 (rounded to the nearest dollar).

To calculate Earleton's target fixed assets/sales ratio, we divide the fixed assets by the sales and multiply by 100:

Target fixed assets/sales ratio = (Fixed assets / Sales) * 100

Target fixed assets/sales ratio = ($471,500,000 / $2,000,000,000) * 100 = 23.58% (rounded to two decimal places).

If Earleton's sales increase by 20%, we need to calculate the increase in fixed assets required to maintain the target fixed assets/sales ratio. First, we determine the new sales level:

New sales = Current sales + (Current sales * Sales increase)

New sales = $2,000,000,000 + ($2,000,000,000 * 0.20) = $2,400,000,000

Then, we calculate the required increase in fixed assets:

Required increase in fixed assets = (New sales * Target fixed assets/sales ratio) - Current fixed assets

Required increase in fixed assets = ($2,400,000,000 * 0.2358) - $471,500,000 = $242,454,000 (rounded to the nearest dollar).

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Peyton Manufacturing is trying to decide between two different conveyor belt systems. System A costs $280,000, has a four-year life, and requires $85,000 in pretax annual operating costs. System B costs $396,000, has a six-year life, and requires $79,000 in pretax annual operating costs. Both systems are to be depreciated straight-line to zero over their lives and will have zero salvage value. Suppose the company always needs a conveyor belt system; when one wears out, it must be replaced. Assume the tax rate is 25 percent and the discount rate is 9 percent. Calculate the EAC for both conveyor belt systems. (Your answers should be negative values and indicated by minus signs. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)

Answers

The EAC is the annual cost that would be equivalent to the costs incurred over the life of the system. To calculate the EAC (Equivalent Annual Cost) for each conveyor belt system, we need to determine the annual cash flows for each system and then calculate the present value of those cash flows.

For System A:

Initial Cost: -$280,000

Annual Operating Costs: -$85,000

Annual Cash Flow: -$85,000 (Operating Costs)

Depreciation Expense: -$280,000 / 4 = -$70,000

To calculate the tax savings from depreciation, we multiply the depreciation expense by the tax rate:

Tax Savings: $70,000 * 0.25 = -$17,500

Net Cash Flow (Year 0): -$280,000

Net Cash Flow (Years 1-4): -$85,000 - $17,500 = -$102,500

For System B:

Initial Cost: -$396,000

Annual Operating Costs: -$79,000

Annual Cash Flow: -$79,000 (Operating Costs)

Depreciation Expense: -$396,000 / 6 = -$66,000

Tax Savings: $66,000 * 0.25 = -$16,500

Net Cash Flow (Year 0): -$396,000

Net Cash Flow (Years 1-6): -$79,000 - $16,500 = -$95,500

Next, we calculate the present value of the net cash flows for each system using the discount rate of 9%.

For System A:

EAC_A = PV of Net Cash Flows / PVIFA(9%, 4)

EAC_A = [(-$280,000) + (-$102,500) / 0.09] / [1 - (1 / (1 + 0.09)^4)]

EAC_A = (-$382,500 / 0.3053) = -$1,252,955.14

For System B:

EAC_B = PV of Net Cash Flows / PVIFA(9%, 6)

EAC_B = [(-$396,000) + (-$95,500) / 0.09] / [1 - (1 / (1 + 0.09)^6)]

EAC_B = (-$491,500 / 0.4024) = -$1,221,512.40

Therefore, the EAC for System A is -$1,252,955.14 and for System B is -$1,221,512.40.

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