Ionic compounds conduct electricity in an aqueous solution and molten state but do not conduct electricity in a solid state.
What are ionic compounds?Ionic compounds can be defined as crystalline solids generated by closely packed ions with opposite charges. An Ionic compound can be described as generally formed when one metal reacts with a non-metal.
In ionic compounds, the ions in the compound are usually held together by ionic bonds. The ions are produced by gaining or losing electrons in order to attain the nearest noble gas configuration.
In a reaction, the metals commonly lose electrons to achieve their complete octet while non-metals gain electrons to get a full octet.
In the solid state, Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity because ions are at fixed positions and do not move.
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What is the 32 in the formula for Celsius to Fahrenheit?
The 32 in Celsius is equivalent to 89.6 degrees Fahrenheit temperature. The temperature measurement unit on the Celsius system is the degree Celsius (originally known as the centigrade scale outside Sweden).
Celsius is measured in the Kelvin scale, one of two temperature scales used in the International System of Units (SI). The Fahrenheit temperature scale is a temperature scale that is based on one that physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit temperature proposed in 1724. (1686–1736). The unit is the degree Fahrenheit (symbol: °F). The concept of temperature is used to convey quantitatively how hot and cold something is. Using a thermometer, one can gauge temperature. Thermometers are calibrated using different temperature scales that traditionally relied on different reference points and thermometric materials for definition.
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What is the comparison of ionic and covalent bonds?
Comparisons between ionic and covalent bonds are:
Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between two atoms. Ionic bonds are typically stronger than covalent bonds, but covalent bonds are more stable and can form more complicated structures.What is the importance of ionic bonds and covalent bonds?Ionic bonds and covalent bonds are important to chemistry, because they form the basis of most molecules and compounds. Ionic bonds are attracted electrostatically between two oppositely charged ions, while covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share electrons.
Both types of bonds are important in forming the strong, stable molecules that make up all matter on Earth. Without these types of bonds, many of the substances we rely on every day would not exist.
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How many grams of water at 17.0 °C must be mixed with 180 g (about 6 oz) of coffee at 92.0 °C so that the resulting combination will have a temperature of 73.0 °C? Assume that coffee and water have the same specific heat (4.184 J/g °C).
The mass of water at 17.0 °C that must be mixed with 180 g (about 6 oz) of coffee at 92.0 °C so that the resulting combination will have a temperature of 73.0 °C is 61.07 g.
What is the mass of water required?The mass of water required is determined from the formula of heat change as follows:
Heat change = mass * specific heat change * temperature change
Heat gained by water = heat lost gained by coffee
Heat lost by coffee = 180 * 4.184 * (92 - 73)
Heat lost by coffee = 14309.28 J
Het gained by water = 14309.28 J
Mass of water = 14309.28 / {4.184 * (73 - 17)}
mass of water = 61.07 g
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Which quantity determines how two atoms bond?
Electronegativity is the capacity of an atom in a molecule to draw shared electrons. The difference in the electronegativities of two atoms determines the type of bond that will result from their union.
The bonding between atoms in a solid is determined by the
1. magnitude of the electronegativities of the solid's atoms and 2. variations in these electronegativities.
As a result, the bond-type triangle shown in the image below can be used to identify which category a solid should fall under. For compounds with metallic bonds, ionic solids should be used, followed by network covalent solids for compounds with ionic bond, and molecular solids for compounds with covalent bonds.
Combinations of atoms whose electronegativities and electronegativity discrepancies place them in the lower left corner of the bond-type triangle seen in the above picture are predicted to form metallic solids. Covalent materials are located in the lower right corner of this triangle, while ionic compounds are located in the triangle's center, at the top.
Hence, electronegativity determines how two atoms bond.
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What is the distance between two adjacent base pairs?
The normal distance between the two successive base pairs within a DNA is 3.4 Angstroms or 0.34 nm.
What is base pairs?DNA base pair. Under normal circumstances, the nitrogen-containing bases adenine (A) and thymine (T) pair together, and cytosine (C) and guanine (G) pair together. The binding of these base pairs forms the structure of DNA .
What is hydrogen bonding in base pairs?Hydrogen bonding is the chemical interaction that underlies the base-pairing rules described above. Appropriate geometrical correspondence of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors allows only the "right" pairs to form stably. DNA with high GC-content is more stable than DNA with low GC-content. But, contrary to popular belief, the hydrogen bonds do not stabilize the DNA significantly; stabilization is mainly due to stacking interactions.
What is angstroms?A unit of length equal to one hundred-millionth of a centimeter, 10−10 meter, used mainly to express wavelengths and interatomic distances.
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3. Refer to the periodic trend of the electronegativity of elements; list the following bonds in order of decreasing polarity. Identify the positive pole, if any.
F - F, P - O, N - O
4. Refer to the periodic trend of the electronegativity of elements, rank the percent ionic character of the bond between the following pairs of atoms from the lowest to the highest.
C - O, C - F, Na - O, Na - N, and Na - F
Part 3: Electronegativity of elements: F - F > N - O > P - O.
Part 4: Electronegativity of elements: Na - F > C - F > C - O > Na - O > Na - N.
Define the term electronegativity of elements?The ability of an atom to draw shared electrons to it's own is measured by its electronegativity. Electronegativity on the periodic table typically rises from left to right over a period and falls as you go down a group.The reasons for the Electronegativity of different elemnts are-
F-F: This bond is nonpolar because the electronegativity of both fluorine atoms is the same, making the bond electrically neutral.P-O: This bond is polar because the electronegativity of oxygen (3.44) is greater than the electronegativity of phosphorus (2.19), creating a positive charge on the oxygen atom and a negative charge on the phosphorus atom. The oxygen atom is the positive pole.N-O: This bond is more polar than the P-O bond because the electronegativity of nitrogen (3.04) is greater than the electronegativity of oxygen (3.44), creating a positive charge on the oxygen atom and a negative charge on the nitrogen atom. The oxygen atom is the positive pole.Thus,
Part 3: Electronegativity of elements: F - F > N - O > P - O.
Part 4: Electronegativity of elements: Na - F > C - F > C - O > Na - O > Na - N.
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What occurs in a reduction?
Reduction is a type of chemical reaction in which a particular molecule or compound loses one or more electrons.
It is the opposite of oxidation, which involves the addition of electrons. During a reduction reaction, the number of electrons held by a molecule increases, resulting in a decrease in the oxidation state of the molecule.
This type of reaction usually involves the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another. Examples include the reduction of a metal oxide to form a metal, the reduction of nitrate to form a nitrite, and the reduction of an aldehyde to form an alcohol.
Reduction reactions play an important role in chemical synthesis, energy production, and the metabolism of living organisms.
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a 250 mL sample of ammonia (NH3) gas exerts pressure of 833 torr at 42.4 C. What mass of ammonia is in the container?
The mass of ammonia is in the container is 0.18744 g.
Calculation:
Given:
Volume ,V= 250 mL= 0.25 L
Pressure, P = 833 torr = 1.09605 atm
Temperature, T = 42.4°C
42.4 + 272.15 = 315.55 K
Let gas constant, R = 0.0821 atm.L/mol.K
We know,
M = 17.04 g/mol
Using the ideal gas law:
n= [tex]\frac{PV}{RT}[/tex]
n= [tex]\frac{1.09605 X 0.25}{0.0821 X 315.55}[/tex]
n= 0.0106 ≅ 0.011
Mass of ammonia
m= n × M
m= 0.011 × 17.04
Mass of ammonia = 0.18744 g
What is ideal gas law?
An ideal gas is one in which there aren't any intermolecular attractive forces and all atom-to-atom or molecule-to-molecule collisions are entirely elastic. It can be imagined as a group of collision-free, completely hard spheres that are arranged in a collection. Any change in internal energy in such a gas results in a change in temperature since all of the internal energy is present in the form of kinetic energy.
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Would oxygen and nitrogen form an ionic bond?
No, oxygen and nitrogen will not form an ionic bond.
Covalent bonds formed by sharing electron pairs are what bind nitrogen and oxygen together. Nitrogen has an electronegativity of 3.0, while oxygen has a value of 3.5.
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms exchange one or more pairs of electrons. The two atomic nuclei are concurrently drawing these electrons to them. When the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is too tiny for an electron transfer to take place to create ions, a covalent bond is formed. Hydrogen (H₂), oxygen (O₂), nitrogen (N₂), water (H₂O), and methane (CH₄) are five examples of covalent bonding. A covalent bond is a type of chemical relationship where two atoms share electron pairs.
Thus, bond between Nitrogen and oxygen is not ionic but covalent bond.
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What is the amino group in a protein?
An amino group is a functional group consisting of an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group, which is found in proteins.
It is essential for the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. The amino group is partially positively charged and is therefore able to interact with other molecules through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.
The amino group is also able to donate a hydrogen atom, making it an important component in many biochemical reactions.
Furthermore, it plays an important role in the folding of proteins, as the electrostatic interactions between the amino and carboxyl groups help stabilize the protein's three-dimensional structure. In addition, the presence of the amino group can influence the solubility of proteins in different solutions.
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If the reactants of a reaction have one S and four O atoms, what will the
products have?
A. Four S atoms and one O atom
B. One S atom and four O atoms
C. One S atom and one O atom
D. Four S atoms and four O atoms
Answer:
B
Explanation:
There's a law (very important) in chemistry.
The conservation of mass law states:
The same amount of matter exists before and after the change—none is created or destroyed
The reactants are on the left side of the equation, or the things that get added together to make new products.
Due to this law, there must be the same amount of each atom on both the product, and reactant side.
Thus, your answer would be 'B' as there is the same amount of both types of atoms.
Is Cl2 polar or nonpolar?
Since they don't also have a dipole moment, all diatomic molecules with the same atoms are inherently non-polar. Only when there is a charge gap or unevenly distributed charges across atoms does a molecule produce a dipole moment. Cl2 is hence nonpolar.
Chlorine (Cl2) Take the molecule of chlorine, Cl2, for instance. The two Cl atoms are connected by a solitary covalent bond. The positive Cl atom's nucleus and the covalent bond's negative electron pair are attracted to one another.
Two chlorine atoms that are not metals make up the compound Cl2. Cl2 won't display metallic boding as a result. Cl2 won't contain an ionic bond because ionic bonds only form when a metal and a non-metal interact, so it must be covalent.
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Which organisms are the base of the food web and what do they use for energy?
Answer:
Producers are the base of the food web
Explanation:
Many producers use the sun (plants do; photosynthesis), air, soil, water; they create their own energy
which structural formula represents a linear nonpolar molecule containing two polar bonds
Despite having polar bonds, the gas carbon dioxide is a nonpolar molecule. CO2 has a linear structure. Since each bond dipole has an equal magnitude and is pointing in the opposite direction, they cancel each other out.
What has a polar covalent bond and is a nonpolar molecule?Polar bonds are seen in carbon dioxide, a non-polar compound. By first looking at the makeup of carbon dioxide, it can be understood. In carbon dioxide, a carbon atom forms a double bond on one side with an oxygen atom, and a second double bond on the other side with another oxygen atom.
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What charge will each of the following elements generally create when they become ions? Some options will be used more than once.
+1 -1 +2 -2 +3 -3 is the options for all
1. Sulfur
2. Phosphorous
3. Oxygen
4. Potassium
5. Sodium
6. Strontium
7. Fluorine
8. Aluminum
The net charge is negative [(+16) + (18) = 2] when there are more electrons than protons, as is the case with the sulfur ion. Anions are negative ions.
What is an electron example?The electron, the smallest constituent part of an atom, has a negative electrical charge .Protons and electrons each occurs in similar numbers in neutral atoms. One atom and one proton are all that the hydrogen atom has. On the other hand, the uranium atom possesses 92 protons, which means 92 electrons.
Why are there electrons in atoms?The electrons are an atom's negatively charged building blocks. The total negative charge of an atom's electrons counteracts the charge of its protons in the elementary particle.
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I observed evidence technician Josh Sanders dust the inside doorknob on the front door for latent fingerprints. Dusting the doorknob did reveal latent prints, which Sanders lifted with tape and transferred to a small card. That occurred at approximately 3:15 p.m. I later observed Detective Laura Wilson collect a bullet casing from the tile floor in the kitchen after another investigator first photographed the area. The bullet casing was found on the floor beneath the kitchen table and was picked up by Wilson (with gloved hands) and placed in an evidence bag. Collection of the bullet casing occurred at 3:42 p.m. I then looked in the guest bathroom down the hall from the kitchen and observed another evidence technician, William Soto, collecting unknown red fibers from inside the bathroom sink. The time was approximately 3:53 p.m. Soto collected the red fibers with tweezers and placed them inside an evidence bag.
The chain of custody for the finger print on the Door Know is summarized in the Chain of Custody form attached.
What is a chain of custody?This is a procedure that documents each individual who handled the evidence, the date/time it was gathered or transferred, and the purpose for the transfer as it moves through its collecting, safekeeping, and analysis lifespan.
The most important aspect of evidence recording is the chain of custody. It is essential to demonstrate to the court of law that the evidence is genuine, i.e., that it was obtained at the crime scene. It was always in the care of someone assigned to manage it, and it was never unaccounted for.
The chain of custody demands that every transfer of evidence from person to person be documented from the time the evidence is acquired and that it be proven that no one else could have accessed that evidence. It is recommended to restrict the number of transfers to a minimum.
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Full Question:
In the video at the beginning of this unit, you were introduced to Jordan, a college student and newspaper intern. Jordan was shadowing police who were collecting evidence at the scene of a crime.
Jordan is shadowing the police again at a different crime scene. This time you have gone with him. Your job will be to record all of the required information on a chain of custody document.
Choose one of the items of physical evidence mentioned in Jordan's notes below.
Complete the chain of custody document for that item. (Make it similar to the example provided beneath Jordan's notes.)
Jordan's Notes
Tuesday, February 5
I observed evidence technician Josh Sanders dust the inside doorknob on the front door for latent fingerprints. Dusting the doorknob did reveal latent prints, which Sanders lifted with tape and transferred to a small card. That occurred at approximately 3:15 p.m.
I later observed Detective Laura Wilson collect a bullet casing from the tile floor in the kitchen after another investigator first photographed the area. The bullet casing was found on the floor beneath the kitchen table and was picked up by Wilson (with gloved hands) and placed in an evidence bag. Collection of the bullet casing occurred at 3:42 p.m.
I then looked in the guest bathroom down the hall from the kitchen and observed another evidence technician, William Soto, collecting unknown red fibers from inside the bathroom sink. The time was approximately 3:53 p.m. Soto collected the red fibers with tweezers and placed them inside an evidence bag.
Example of a Chain of Custody Form
Chain of CustodyItem collected as evidence: Individual who collected the item: Date and time of collection: Description of location where item was collected: Method of collection:
An iron nail rusts when exposed to oxygen. How many grams of iron are needed to completely consume 20.0 L of oxygen gas according to the following reaction at 25 °C and 1 atm?
iron ( s ) + oxygen ( g ) iron(III) oxide ( s )
The amount, in grams, of iron that would be needed to completely consume 20.0 L of oxygen gas would be 0.599 grams.
Stoichiometric problemThe equation of the reaction can be expressed as follows;
[tex]4Fe + 3O_2 --- > 2Fe_2O_3[/tex]
Stoichiometrically, 4 moles of iron requires 3 moles of oxygen gas.
20.0 L of oxygen at 1 atm and 25 °C would be equivalent to:
pv = nrt, where p is the pressure, v is the volume, n is the number of mol, R is the universal gas constant, and t is the temperature.
In this case, p = 1 atm, v = 20.0 L, r = 8.3145, and t = 25 +273
n = pv/rt
= 1x20/8.3145x298
= 20/2477.721
= 0.008 mol of oxygen
The equivalent mole of iron required would be:
0.008 x 4/3 = 0.0107 mol
The molar weight of iron is 56.
Mass of 0.0107 mol of iron = 0.0107 x 56
= 0.599 grams
In other words, 0.599 grams of iron would be needed to completely consume 20.0 L of oxygen at 25 °C and 1 atm.
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Is BaO ionic or covalent?
BaO is characterized by ionic bonding.
There are many types of chemical bonds that bond the molecules together. The most important types of bond are generally ionic and covalent bonds. In ionic bond, electrons transfer takes place whereas in the covalent bonding, sharing of electrons takes.
We need one electron donor and one electron acceptor in case of ionic bond but in case of the covalent bonds, atoms with same electronegativity share the electrons. Also, ionic bonds are formed between metal and a non- metal and covalent bonds are formed between two nonmetals.
In this question, we need to determine whether BaO is covalent or ionic. Here, in this case barium is metal and oxygen is non-metal. Ionic bonds generally occur between metallic elements and nonmetallic elements. Hence, there is a bond between metal and non-metal so the bond formed will be ionic.
Therefore, BaO has an ionic bond.
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What is amino acid also known as?
Amino acids and carboxylic acids both contain functional groups in organic compounds known as amino acids. Amino acid also known as carboxylic acids
The importance of alpha-amino acids, which build up proteins, cannot be overstated. Only 22 alpha amino acids make up the genetic code. An example of an amino acid is alpha-amino [alpha-amino] carboxylic acid. Every molecule contains a core carbon atom (C), also known as the -carbon, which is connected by both an amino and a carboxyl group. Frequently, the final two bonds of the -carbon atom are filled by a hydrogen (H) atom and the R group. The common formula for a carboxylic acid is R-COOH, where R stands for the molecule's remaining portion and COOH for the carboxyl group.
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What happens when you take magnesium hydroxide?
Saline laxatives are a group of drugs that include magnesium hydroxide.It functions by making the feces retain water.The stool becomes softer and more easily passable as a result of increasing the frequency of bowel movements.
What adverse consequences does magnesium hydroxide cause?Magnesium hydroxide adverse effects include severe diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting; failure to pass stool after using the drug as a laxative; gastrointestinal bleeding; or exacerbation of symptoms.
How is an upset stomach treated with magnesium hydroxide?The symptoms of having too much stomach acid, such as heartburn, an upset stomach, or indigestion, are also treated with this medicine.It is an acid that reduces stomach acid in order to work.
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Balance the equation in basic conditions. Phases are optional.
equation:
CoCl2+Na2O2⟶Co(OH)3+Cl−+Na+
The balanced reaction is shown as ;[tex]2H_{2} O + 2OH^- + 2CoCl_{2} +Na_{2} O_{2} ---- > 2CoCl_{3} + 4Cl^- + 2Na^+[/tex]
What is a redox reaction?We know that a redox reaction is a kind of reaction where one specie is oxidized while the other specie is reduced in the reaction. In this case, we are trying to see how to balance the reaction that is shown under basic conditions.
We know that under basic conditions, we would have to add the hydroxide ions and water so that we can be able to balance the reaction as shown. We would now have; [tex]2H_{2} O + 2OH^- + 2CoCl_{2} +Na_{2} O_{2} ---- > 2CoCl_{3} + 4Cl^- + 2Na^+[/tex]. Thus the reaction is balanced under basic conditions.
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What chemical causes When onions are sliced?
When an onion is chopped, certain substances called lachrymators are released, irritating the lacrimal glands and the nerves that surround the eyes.
Methionine and cystine, two members of the amino acid family, make up these molecules. (These amino acids are joined together to form proteins.)
These substances are released into the air when an onion is cut or diced. When this happens, a "enzyme" transforms the amino acids into chemicals that act as lachrymators. This type of sulfuric acid irritates the eyes' nearby nerves, causing tears to develop.
Hence, lachrymator causes tearing of eyes.
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explain in terms of bonding why solid sulfur is soft, brittle and non conductive
Because the electrons in sulfur are so tightly bound and unable to move, the element functions more like an insulator. Since electrons have a harder time moving when they are packed closely together as a solid, Sulphur is dull and brittle, which again indicates that it is a poor conductor.
Sulfur is it a brittle solid?Sulfur is a brittle, pale yellow, odorless solid that is soluble in carbon disulfide but insoluble in water.
Materials like coal and sulfur, however, have a softer, duller appearance. On hammer blows, they crumble into a powdery mass. They lack sonority and have poor conductivity for both heat and electricity.
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Provide the structure of the BEST alkyl halide substrate to start with if you hope to obtain each of
the following products as the MAJOR elimination product:
boiling point of alcohols increases with increase in number of carbon atoms why give reason
Due to increase in surface area and Vander Wall's force of attraction, boiling point of alcohols increases with increase in number of carbon atoms.
increase in surface area and Vander walls force of attraction
How do valence electrons affect atoms and where are these located?
The electrons at an atom's outermost energy level known as valence electrons are those that may interact with other atoms. The electrons that are typically the farthest from the nucleus are those with valence.
S and P electrons, which are located in the outermost shell, are valence electrons. Core electrons make up the inner shell's electron population. We encounter little subatomic particles known as valence electrons when we examine and investigate an element's atom. Lewis structures aid in valence electron tracking and bond type prediction.
Valence electrons are mostly negatively charged particles that are grouped in various orbitals or shells. These electrons are also in charge of how atoms interact with one another and how chemical bonds are created. Not every electron, nevertheless, is connected to the atom. Chemical bonds and molecules can only be formed by electrons that are located in the outermost shell of a molecule. Valence electrons are a subclass of these particles.
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What are the steps in the naturalization process ?
The naturalization process is the process by which a foreign citizen or national can become a U.S. citizen. It is a long and complicated process that requires a lot of paperwork, interviews and tests.
The first step is to determine if you are eligible to apply for naturalization. To be eligible, you must meet certain requirements, such as being a legal permanent resident for at least five years, good moral character, no criminal record, and a basic knowledge of U.S. history and government.
The next step is to submit the required paperwork, which includes the N-400 form and supporting documents demonstrating your eligibility. You may also be required to submit additional documents, such as birth and marriage certificates, military records, and financial documents.
Once your application has been submitted and accepted, you will be scheduled for an interview at a local USCIS office. During the interview, you will be asked questions about your application, including questions about your background, criminal record, and knowledge of U.S. history and government. You may also be required to take an English and civics test.
Following the interview, the USCIS will review your application and make a decision. If approved, you will be scheduled for a naturalization ceremony, where you will take the Oath of Allegiance and officially become a U.S. citizen.
The naturalization process can be long and complicated, but with the right help and preparation it is possible to become a U.S. citizen.
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Which statement best represents the Law of Conservation of Matter with regard to chemical reaction?
The statement which best represents the Law of Conservation of Matter with regard to chemical reaction is reactants and products have the same number and type of atoms, but the atoms may be recombined.
According to the rule of conservation of mass, matter cannot be generated or destroyed during a reaction. This implies that the mass of each reactant and each product in a reaction will be equal. Although the mass may change forms during the reaction, neither matter creation nor destruction occurs.
In a closed system, matter is conserved, to put it another way. Nothing (gas, water, or other) may enter or leave a closed system. The system contains all of the products. The system cannot accept or reject matter. A closed system could be the entire earth or it could be a tightly enclosed test tube.
The terms "law of conservation of mass" and "law of conservation of matter" are frequently used interchangeably. The law may also go by the titles of the law of mass conservation or the conservation of matter.
Hence, reactants and products have the same number and type of atoms, but the atoms may be recombined- best represents the law of conservation of matter.
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Your question is incomplete please write the complete question over the internet.
How much heat (in kJ) is needed to convert 10.0 grams of AsI₃(l) at 424˚C to AsI₃(g) at 424˚C?
Based on the latent heat of vaporization of Arsenic triiodide, the amount of heat required to convert 10.0 grams of AsI₃(l) at 424˚C to AsI₃(g) at 424˚C is 593 kJ.
What quantity of heat (in kJ) is needed to convert 10.0 grams of AsI₃(l) at 424˚C to AsI₃(g) at 424˚C?The amount of heat required to convert 10.0 grams of AsI₃(l) at 424˚C to AsI₃(g) at 424˚C calculated from the formula below:
Quantity of heat = mas * latent heat of vaporization
mass of Arsenic triiodide = 10.0 grams
The latent heat of vaporization of Arsenic triiodide is 59.3 kJ/mol
Quantity of heat = 10.0 g * 59.3 kJ/mol
Quantity of heat = 593 kJ
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orbital filling diagram
Answer:
here is the diagram
Explanation:
