Leigh's disease is a mitochondrially inherited disease with symptoms that include seizures, fatigue, impaired reflexes, breathing problems, and ataxia. The pedigree shows the presence of Leigh's disease in three generations. Individual 4 had two daughters and one son, and individual 6 had one daughter and two sons. Which of the individuals indicated are affected by Leigh's disease

Answers

Answer 1

About the question:

You will find the pedigree in the attached files

Answer:

individual 4 → Affected woman → Black circleindividual 5 → Affected woman or man → Black circle or squareindividual 7 → Healthy woman → Empty circleindividual 10 → Affected boy → Black Square

Explanation:      

Mitochondrial inheritance is the transmission of a disease or a trait from the maternal line.

Most of the DNI is in the nucleus, but there is also DNI in mitochondria. Sperm cells hardly transfer mitochondrial genes to the progeny, so mitochondrial DNI is mostly inherited from the maternal side. If there exists any mutation in this mitochondrial DNI, the whole progeny of the mutated woman will be affected, as they will get the mother genotype carrying the mutation. On the contrary, if an affected man is carrying a mutation in mitochondrial DNI, non of their descendants will get the disease.

Before answering the question, let us remember the pedigree symbols.

Squares represent Males/Men Circles represent Females/WomenEmpty symbols represent healthy/non-affected individualsSolid black symbols represent sick/affected individuals

In the exposed pedigree, we can see that the mother is affected by the disease (individual number 2), so all her children are also affected (individuals 4, 5, and 6) because the disease is mitochondrially inherited.

Individual 3 is a healthy man, so individual 4 must be an affected woman (Black circle). As she is the one affected, then all her children will also be affected. This couple had one boy and two girls. Individuals 8 and 9 are girls (circle), so individual 10 must be the affected boy (black square).  

On the other hand, individual 6 is an affected man (black square), son of individuals 1 and 2. This man couples with a woman, and they have all healthy children. So this woman (individual 7) must be healthy. Even though the man is affected, all their children are not because their mother (7) is not. Remember that sperm cells do not transmit the mitochondrial genes to the progeny.      

And finally, individual number 5 might be either a man or a woman. In any case, this person is also affected by Leigh's disease.  

Leigh's Disease Is A Mitochondrially Inherited Disease With Symptoms That Include Seizures, Fatigue,

Related Questions

Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition

Grouping items together to keep observations organized


inferring


predicting


classifying


observing

Answers

Answer:

classifying

Explanation:

for example like classifying the files from SVU classifying them keeps them more organized and labeled kind of like identifying them classifying them keeps them all together in one group

When a Pp-genotype plant is bred with a pp-genotype plant, what percentage of the offspring is likely to have white flowers?

Answers

The answer is 25% if the big P stands for white

In North America, the eastern spotted skunk mates
in late winter, and the western spotted skunk mates
in late summer. Even though their geographic
ranges overlap, the species do not mate with each
other. What most likely prevents these two species
from interbreeding?
A. habitat isolation
B. gametic isolation
C. geographic isolation
D. reproductive isolation

Answers

The answer is gonna be B

Reproductive isolation is a mechanism through which species do not get to interbreed. Option D. reproductive isolation

What is reproductive isolation?

This is a mechanism through which different species or populations do get to mate and produce fertile offspring. This mechanism allows the accumulation of genetic differences and favors speciation.

There are different barriers that inhibit or interrupt the genetic flow between different species.

Reproductive barriers prevent mating between two or more species. There are two types of barriers,

prezygotic ⇒ that avoids fertilization between individuals of different species, postzygotic ⇒ that impedes the zygote to develope and reach the adult stage.

Pre-copulatory o pre-ziygotic:

• Ecological or by habitat isolation;

Seasonal or temporal;

• Séxual o ethologic;

• Mechanic;

• Gametes incompatibility.

Postzygotic mechanisms or barriers include

• Hybrid inviability,

• Hybrid sterility,

• Cytoplasmic interactions.

In the exposed example occurs a seasonal difference between the mating period of the eastern spotted skunk and the western spotted skunk.

Probably, if both of them would mate during the same season and in the same area, they could reproduce.

However, since their mating season differs, individuals from each species do not get to cross and hence, produce fertile offspring.

Option D. reproductive isolation is what most likely prevents these two species from interbreeding

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list the excretory organs of the human body and state the substance they excrete​

Answers

skin, liver, large intestine, lungs, and kidneys

the function of the secretion​

Answers

Answer:

Secretion, in biology, production and release of a useful substance by a gland or cell; also, the substance produced. In addition to the enzymes and hormones that facilitate and regulate complex biochemical processes, body tissues also secrete a variety of substances that provide lubrication and moisture.

Explanation:

Explain the relationship between the Fossil Record and the Theory of Evolution.

(3 or more sentences)

Answers

Image result for Explain the relationship between the Fossil Record and the Theory of Evolution.
Fossils are important evidence for evolution because they show that life on earth was once different from life found on earth today. Paleontologists can determine the age of fossils using methods like radiometric dating and categorize them to determine the evolutionary. Hope this helps! Mark brainly pls!

i need some help on this.............

Answers

Answer:

a) Beaver-dam buildings → (iii) Pond floods

b) Forest fire → (i) New plants can grow because of an increase in sunlight on the forest floor

c) Lack of rainfall  →  (ii) Zebras migrate farther to find water holes

d) Invasive water plants arrive →  (iv) Sunlight is blocked for native seagrasses

e) Grasshopper outbreaks  →   (v) Crops are wiped out along the prairie

f) Coyote disease decreases the population →  (vi) Mice population explodes

Explanation:

a) Beaver-dam buildings → (iii) Pond floods

This is an example of how some species might produce damages in ecosystems. Beavers are known for their dams, where they hide from predators, find shelter, reproduce, and feed. With time, and as the beaver population grows, these dams get bigger each time. These animals keep cutting down trees and covering some wider areas that were inhabited previously by other species. The landscape changes, these areas get flooded permanently, most vegetation dye, the soil properties get altered, and just a few species can keep living there. The ecosystem changes.

b) Forest fire → (i) New plants can grow because of an increase in sunlight on the forest floor

This is an example of biological succession. Stable forests characterize as having big old trees that compete for light developing big canopies at heights. Poor light reaches the ground and allows some smaller species to grow. When a fire occurs, some of these trees might fall or disappear. These fire events open windows in the forest through which sunlight directly reaches the ground. Many new species can germinate and grow. There occurs a renovation of vegetable species in the forest and the consequent renovation of other living forms.  

c) Lack of rainfall  →  (ii) Zebras migrate farther to find water holes

It is not unusual that some species need to migrate looking for food or water. In certain areas, seasonal differences are very sharp, and while some periods characterize as producing plenty of food and water, some others characterize as lacking them, dry seasons especially. Animals develop different strategies to face these moments. Zebras need to migrate to find a new source of water to ensure proper hydration.

d) Invasive water plants arrive →  (iv) Sunlight is blocked for native seagrasses

A very known global environmental problem is the damage caused by invasive species. In a few words, exotic species arrive in a new area out of their native distribution range, establish, grow, adapt, and reproduce. These exotic species turn into invasive species when they overgrow, sharply increasing their reproductive rate. At this point, interaction with native species becomes harder, competing for resources such as space, light, food, shelter, water, among many others. Invasive species become such a good competitor that end by displacing native species. In the exposed example, invasive water plants arrive, and their population overgrows. They compete for light with native seagrasses and end by blocking it for them.

e) Grasshopper outbreaks  →   (v) Crops are wiped out along the prairie

This is an example of the prey-predator relationship. In this case, grasshoppers are the predators, and crops are acting as the prey. Whenever one of the population increases in size, the other one follows this increase, causing the decrease of the first one. When the first population decreases, the second one also decreases. In this example, grasshopper outbreaks, meaning an increase in predation rate over crops. Many more individuals are feeding on the crops, causing more damages to the plants´ population. Crops do not have enough time to recover, so they are wiped out.

f) Coyote disease decreases the population →  (vi) Mice population explodes

This is also an example of the prey-predator relationship. In this case, coyotes are the predators, and mice are acting as the prey. As coyotes are affected by the disease, which causes a decrease in their population size, mice seem to be favored, as they are not predated. They have enough time to recover as a population and increase in size. Coyotes´population decreases in size, so there are many fewer individuals feeding on mice, and hence, the mice population increases very fast. It explodes.

Which 4 body sydtems interact to allow a person to sneeze

Answers

Answer:

I think four body system is Muscular, immune, nervous, respiratory.

Explanation:

what two spheres are interacting when ocean water evaporates into the air
1. geosphere
2. hydrosphere
3. atmosphere
4. biosphere

Answers

Hydrosphere and Geosphere

Which of the following is a 5-carbon sugar?
Glucose
Fructose
Ribose
Sucrose​

Answers

Answer:

ribose

Explanation:

Answer:

Ribose & deoxyribose sugars. Ribose is a single-ring pentose [5-Carbon] sugar.

How many mL of stock solution of 2M NaCl do you need to prepare 100 mL of 0.150M NaCl?​

Answers

Answer:

7.5mL

Explanation:

Comsidering the definition of dilution, 7.5 mL of the stock solution  of 2 M are required to prepare 100 mL of 0.150 M solution.

Dilution is a procedure by which the concentration of a solution is lowered. It is achieved by adding more solvent to the same amount of solute.

Then the amount of solute does not vary, but the volume of the solvent does: when more solvent is added, the concentration of the solute decreases, as the volume of the solution increases.

A dilution is mathematically expressed as:

Ci×Vi = Cf×Vf

where

Ci: initial concentration Vi: initial volume Cf: final concentration Vf: final volume

In this case, you know:

Ci= 2 M  Vi= ? Cf= 0.150 M Vf= 100 mL  

Replacing in the definition of dilution:  

2 M×Vi= 0.150 M×100 mL

Solving:

[tex]Vi=\frac{0.150 M x 100 mL}{2 M}[/tex]

Vi= 7.5 mL

In summary, 7.5 mL of the stock solution  of 2 M are required to prepare 100 mL of 0.150 M solution.

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The service box is an area on the court that 1 point the person serving must stand in. the ball must land in to be a playable serve. the person returning the serve must be standing in before a server can serve ​

Answers

Answer:

Both players on the serving doubles team have the opportunity to serve and score points until they commit a fault *(except for the first service sequence of each new game).

The first serve of each side-out is made from the right-hand court.

If a point is scored, the server switches sides and the server initiates the next serve from the left-hand court.

As subsequent points are scored, the server continues switching back and forth until a fault is committed and the first server loses the serve.

When the first server loses the serve the partner then serves from their correct side of the court (except for the first service sequence of the game*).

The second server continues serving until his team commits a fault and loses the serve to the opposing team.

Once the service goes to the opposition (at side out), the first serve is from the right-hand court and both players on that team have the opportunity to serve and score points until their team commits two faults.

In singles the server serves from the right-hand court when his or her score is even and from the left when the score is odd.

Explanation:

What can HIV become? (write it out)

Answers

HIV came become AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) if not treated.

What is the relationship between UV radiation and melanin

Answers

UVA radiation causes lesions or DNA damage to melanocytes, which are the skin cells that produce the skin pigment known as melanin. Melanin is a protective pigment in skin, blocking UV radiation from damaging DNA and potentially causing skin cancer.

Write the relationship between cells, tissue and organs in human body.

(plzzzzz answer correctly)

Answers

Answer:

Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up organ systems. The function of an organ system depends on the integrated activity of its organs. For instance, digestive system organs cooperate to process food.

Explanation:

Plz help me well mark brainliest if you are correct!

Answers

Answer:

The answer is gravity.

land where it is possible to grow crops is called
A.organic land
B.agricultural land
C.vegetative land
D.All of the above

Answers

D. All of the above

Please Help Me i need a good grade!
FAST!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

it's the second one/B because it's the only one that is correct :)

Which limiting factor is this adaptation a response to

Answers

Answer:

Answe

Explanation:

A limited factor that causes adaptation is the loss of habitat,food,or new species.

The main function of cell respiration is to produce A. glucose B. NADH and FADH2. C. CO2. D.mitochondria E. ATP.​
Again No links thank you!

Answers

shhsshshshshshshhshshs

anyone know this I don’t get the question

Answers

Answer: 5.000/ml

Explanation: density = mass/volume= 50/ 100=1/2 or 0.5 g/ mL

LO NECESITO URGENTEMENTE, PORFAVOR AYUDENME INSTRUCCIONES: lee el siguiente texto y completa las ideas con las siguientes palabras, (pueden sobrar algunas): mitótico, meiótico, haploide, somáticas, unión, gametos, fecundación, genética, variación, iguales, diferentes.


Reproducción sexual

La reproducción sexual consisten en la ___________ de dos gametos uno femenino y otro masculino, para formar un nuevo individuo con características provenientes de ambos progenitores. Los ___________ son células especializadas que se forman por un proceso __________ y tiene en su núcleo la mitad de la información __________ de un organismo, por lo que reciben el nombre de células ___________ de manera que cuando se une sus cromosomas se forman células diploides característico de la especie. La característica más importante de este tipo de reproducción es la ___________ genética que implica que los descendientes tengan características de sus dos progenitores, por lo que son ___________ a ellos. El proceso en el que se une las células sexuales se le conoce como ___________. En los animales esta pude ser interna o externa.

Answers

Answer:

La reproducción sexual consisten en la unión de dos gametos uno femenino y otro masculino, para formar un nuevo individuo con características provenientes de ambos progenitores. Los gametos son células especializadas que se forman por un proceso meiótico y tienen en su núcleo la mitad de la información genética de un organismo, por lo que reciben el nombre de células haploides de manera que cuando se une sus cromosomas se forman células diploides característico de la especie. La característica más importante de este tipo de reproducción es la variación genética que implica que los descendientes tengan características de sus dos progenitores, por lo que son diferentes a ellos. El proceso en el que se une las células sexuales se le conoce como fecundación. En los animales esta pude ser interna o externa.

Explanation:

Los gametos (óvulos y espermatozoides) son células germinales especializadas que se desarrollan a partir de un proceso llamado gametogénesis (espermatogénesis en machos y ovogénesis en hembras). El proceso de gametogénesis implica un tipo de división celular llamado 'meiosis' donde la cantidad de cromosomas se reduce a la mitad. En humanos, el número cromosómico diploide (2n) de 46 cromosomas se reduce a un número haploide (n) de 23 cromosomas. La fecundación es el proceso por el cual los gametos se fusionan durante la reproducción sexual para producir un cigoto diploide. En la reproducción sexual, el aumento de la variación genética en la progenie es un resultado de tres procesos diferentes: la unión aleatoria entre gametos durante la fecundación, la distribución independiente de los cromosomas durante la gametogénesis y el entrecruzamiento (recombinación o crossing over) entre cromátidas de cromosomas homólogos durante la meiosis. Finalmente, en animales, la fecundación puede ser interna, la cual se produce mediante la unión de los gametos dentro del cuerpo de la hembra (por ejemplo, gallina, leona, cebra, etc.), o fecundación externa, donde la fusión de gametos se produce en el ambiente externo (por ejemplo en peces, sapos, ranas, etc.).

What type of invertebrate are robber crabs

Answers

Answer:

Arthropods

Explanation:

Robber crabs belong to the Phylum Arthropoda of the invertebrates in the Kingdom Animalia.

This category of endangerment has so few individual survivors that the species could soon become extinct:

A. Invasive species
B. Threatened species
C. Endangered species
D. Endemic species
E. Red list species

Answers

Answer:

Endangered Species

Explanation:

C. Endangered species

8. Which is true about viruses!
a. They are prokaryotic cells that infect living organisms
b. They are nonliving particles that infect living organisms
C. They are eukaryotic cells that infect living organisms
d. They are fungi that infect living organisms

Answers

Answer:

The Answer is gonna be A. They are prokaryotic cells that infect living organisms

This is the right Answer :3

I hope you are having a great day ❤️❤️❤️❤️

the answer is A a virus is a prokaryotic cell

PLS HELP WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST need answers by today!
Which of these is NOT large and gaseous?
A) Jupiter
B) Mercury
C) Saturn
D) Uranus

Answers

It’s either Mercury or Uranus. Jupiter and Saturn are the biggest planets.

Answer: B) Mercury

brainliest?

Explanation:

Plz help asap 1 and 2 plz

Answers

Answer:

1- Ans:Molecules

2- Ans:Atoms

What is correct regarding trans fatty acids

Answers

Answer:

They raise LDL and lower HDL

Explanation:

Which of the following statements are true about the esophagus? Select all that apply.
The esophagus is a bony tube.
The esophagus is a muscular tube.
The esophagus moves food from the mouth to the small intestine.
The esophagus moves food from the mouth to the stomach.
Which of the following statements are true about the esophagus?

Answers

The statements that are true about the esophagus are:

The esophagus is a muscular tube.

The esophagus is the muscular tube of the digestive tract that develops from the pharynx to the stomach.

The esophagus moves food from the mouth to the stomach.

This part of the digestive system is traversed by food, which enters through the mouth, passes through the pharynx, crosses the esophagus and reaches the stomach.

In this process, the esophagus has an active participation, since its walls contract to promote the advance of the food.

Therefore, we can conclude that the esophagus is a muscular tube that moves food from the mouth to the stomach.

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PLEASE HELP !! ILL GIVE 40 POINTS ; PLUS BRAINLIEST !! DONT SKIP ANSWER.

Answers

Answer:

daddy ;-0

Explanation:

Answer:

Your Answer is B

Explanation:

By burning coal and fossil fuel and  natural gas, it causes in the air

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