A lattice of nuclei held together by a sea of electrons or metallic bonds, or metallic atoms with extremely loose electrons. Covalent bonds connect nonmetal atoms to create molecules.
Intermolecular forces of attraction hold the molecules in a solid together. Electrostatic attraction between metal cations and delocalized electrons produces metallic bonds. The kind of metallic bonding that exists explains a lot of the physical properties of metals, including conductivity and malleability. Positive metal ions and the valence electrons that are constantly circling them are attracted to one another by metallic bonds. The metallic linkages keep the ions in their lattice-like configuration. The valence electrons of the interacting metal atoms' s and p orbitals delocalize in metallic bonding. The positively charged atomic nuclei of the interacting metal ions are surrounded by a "sea" of electrons instead of orbiting their individual metal atoms.
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If you are going to bake potatoes, and your potatoes are soft and dehydrated, they can be soaked in more firm before baking. Review to make them an isotonic solution a hypotonic solution such as tap water a hypertonic solution made with distilled water and a tablespoon of salt a hypertonic solution such as distilled wate
If you are going to bake potatoes, and your potatoes are soft and dehydrated, they can be soaked in hypotonic solution in a more firm before baking.
Before baking potatoes that are soft and dehydrated, it is important to give them a good soaking to make them firmer.
For this, a hypotonic solution such as salt water is preferred. Start by filling a large bowl with cold water and adding some salt. The salt will help to draw out moisture from the potatoes, making them firmer and more suitable for baking. Submerge the potatoes in the water and let them soak for at least 30 minutes.
Drain the water and pat the potatoes dry with a paper towel. This will remove any excess moisture and help them to crisp up when baking. You can then season the potatoes as desired and bake them as normal. The soaking process helps to rehydrate the potatoes, making them firmer and more suitable for baking.
The salt also helps to draw out moisture, so that when the potatoes are baked, they will be crisp on the outside and fluffy on the inside. The soaking process is an important step in preparing potatoes for baking, as it helps to make them firmer and more suitable for baking.
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You are working as a research assistant and the four bottles of the solutions needed for the experiment have no labels. The solutions are glucose, hexane, potassium iodide (KI) and ethanol. Using your understanding of physical and chemical properties, chemical reactions and macromolecules composition, design an experiment to determine the identity of the solution found in each bottle.
A chemical substance, pharmaceutical, and dietary supplement all refer to potassium iodide. A metal halide made of potassium and iodide with expectorant and thyroid-protecting effects is known as potassium iodide.
The potassium cation (K+) and the iodide anion form an ionic connection in the metal-halide salt known as potassium iodide (I–). It appears as cubical crystals, powder, or white granules and ranges in colour from colourless to white. It tastes quite salty and unpleasant. Iodine and potassium hydroxide are mixed to create this chemical.
Compounds contain elements in predetermined ratios.
Each compound has a certain set of characteristics.
Only chemical breakdown can separate compounds.
Compound particles only come in one type.
They are all the same, or homogenous.
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An industrially important element contains 26 electrons & 26 protons, rusts in the presence of air & moisture. Identify the element. A) Aluminum B) Iron C) Potassium D) Sodium
Identify each statement as True or False. a) The value of K_w applies to any aqueous solution, not just pure water b) Ions that appear on both sides of an equation but undergo no change in a reaction are called spectator ions. c) An aqueous solution containing an equal number of moles of NaF and HF in an aqueous solution is an example of a buffer solution. d) A solution containing a low concentration HCl is a weak acid.
Identify each statement as True or False a) True b) True c) True d) False Not just pure water, but all aqueous solutions are subject to the equilibrium constant Kw.
In pure water, the concentrations of the hydronium and hydroxide ions are identical, making the solution neutral. Based on how much they ionise in water, acids and bases are categorised as strong or weak. - Salt and water are typically produced when acids and bases react. When the amount of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions are equilibrium in moles, neutralisation takes place. The weak acid neutralises the base when it is introduced to the mixture.
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ordering vertices according to post-order and pre-order traversals. tree with root vertex d that has a left edge to f, a center edge to b, and a right edge to a. b has a left edge to i, a center edge to h, and a right edge to e. a has a center edge to c. c has a center edge to g. (a) give the order in which the vertices of the tree are visited in a post-order traversal. (b) give the order in which the vertices of the tree are visited in a pre-order traversal.
Preorder Traversal and Postorder Traversal of the tree with root vertex are given below:
Preorder Traversal
Let T be a rooted tree with root r that is ordered. If T only contains r, r is T's preorder traversal. Otherwise, suppose that T. T...., T., are the subtrees at r from left to right in T The pre- order traversal begins by visiting r. It continues by traversing T; in preorder, then T₂ in preorder, and so on, until 7, is traversed in preorder.
Postorder Traversal
Let 7' be an ordered rooted tree with root r. It consists only of r, then is the postorder traversal of T. Otherwise, suppose that T. T....T, are the subtrees at from left to right. The postorder traversal begins by traversing 7; in postorder, then T in postorder,.... then T. in postorder, and ends by visiting r.
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write short note about acid nomenclature
Acids
There are various definitions for an acid. The simplest description of an acid is a chemical molecule with one or more hydrogen atoms that, when dissolved in water, gives forth hydronium ions (H3O+).
Because acids are molecular, they do not assume the expanded three-dimensional structures of ionic substances like NaCl and remain single molecules in their pure form. However, when these molecules are dissolved in water, a positively charged anion and a hydronium ion are produced as a result of the chemical connection between the hydrogen atom and the remainder of the molecule breaking. An equation involving chemicals can represent this:
HCl+H2O→H3O++Cl−
In an inorganic acid's formula, the H of the acid is written first. After the acid dissolves, the anion is all that is left of the acid (apart from the H). Although a significant class of chemicals, organic acids are not covered in this article.
Acid Names
Since all acids contain hydrogen, an acid's name is determined by the anion that it is associated with. These anions come in monatomic and polyatomic forms.
Binary acid names (in aqueous form)
An acid that contains hydrogen and another element is referred to as a binary acid. The majority of binary acids have a halogen in them. The prefix hydro- is used to start an acid name, which is then followed by the base name of the anion and the suffix -ic.
Oxyacids name
An oxyacid is an acid made up of three elements: hydrogen, oxygen, and another one. Typically, the third element is a nonmetal.
a) Oxyanions with the -ite end.
The anion's root is followed by the suffix -ous to form the name of the acid. No prefix is present.
b)Oxyanions that end in -ate.
The anion's root and the suffix -ic are used to identify the acid. No prefix is present.
In conclusion
Acids are molecular substances that discharge hydrogen ions.
The two elements hydrogen and the other make up a binary acid.
Hydrogen, oxygen, and another element are all present in oxyacids.
The anion that is bound to the hydrogen provides the basis for the acid's name.
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oxygen and sulfur are in the same group (16) in the periodic table. this means that, in general, oxygen and sulfur -Oxygen and Sulphur are both part of Group 16 on the Periodic Table. Group 16 is called the chalcogen or oxygen family.
Numerous chemicals that are mimics of oxygen compounds are formed by sulfur. Because they both have amount of electrons in their outermost shells, oxygen and sulfur are therefore retained in the same group.
What do periodic tables tell us?The periodic table is used by scientists to rapidly refer to details about an element, such as its atomic mass or chemical symbol. Scientists can identify patterns in element characteristics like electronic configuration, electron affinity, and atomic radius thanks to the periodic table's layout.
Why did the periodic table get made?Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian scientist, created the periodic table in 1869. However, scientists had been debating how to categorize the elements for decades previous to Mendeleev. Antoine Lavoisier started categorizing elements according to their characteristics in 1789.
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5. A solid consists of a mixture of NaNO3 and Mg(NO3)2. When 6.50 g of the solid is dissolved in 50.0 g of water, the freezing point of the solution is lowered by 5.23°C. What is the composition by mass of the solid mixture?
The mass of the solid mixture can be determined from the molality and depression in freezing point of the solution. The mass obtained for the solution is 46.4 g.
What is depression in freezing point?Freezing point of a solution decreases from that of pure solvent when a non-volatile solute is added into it. The depression in freezing point ΔT is proportional to the molality of the solution.
ΔT = Kf m
Where Kf is the molal depression constant. Kf for water is 1.86 K /(mol Kg)
Given that ΔT = 5.23 °C
m = ΔT / Kf
= 5.23 °C / 1.86 K /(mol Kg)
= 2.811 m
Molality = no.of moles of the solid mixture/ mass of solvent in Kg.
no. of moles = molality × solvent mass
= 2.811 m × 0.05 Kg = 0.140 moles
Given the weight of the solid mixture = 6.50g
Hence, its composition by mass = 6.50/ 0.140 moles = 46.4 g.
Therefore, the composition by mass of the solid mixture is 46.4 g.
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ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) is not useful as a chelating agent. an effective antidote for heavy metal poisoning (e.g., pb2 and hg2 ). a monodentate ligand. known to form unstable complex ions with fe3 , hg2 , and zn2 . known to form complexes with platinum that inhibit the growth of cancerous cells.
The ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is an effective antidote for heavy metal poisoning (e.g., Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺ ).
The ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is also known as EDTA is very helpful in the treatment of chronic and the acute lead poisoning . it pull out the toxins , the heavy metals like as lead , mercury, cadmium from the blood stream. The ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is used as a chelating agent . the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid has the claw like structure which binds the heavy metals and the other toxins also. the claw means chelate.
Thus, an effective antidote for heavy metal poisoning is the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
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As a means of distinguishing one individual from another through DNA typing, genetics focus on ______, which are non-coding regions of the DNA.
Genetics focus on short tandem repeats in the DNA, that are non-coding regions.
DNA is a genetic material of human beings, plants and animals. It serves an of carrying information for survival, growth, development, immunity, digestion, metabolism and other significant processes. Besides, it is unique among each individual and hence can be utilised for identification.
DNA typing or fingerprinting is known by several other names. At a specific locus, there repeated units of nitrogenous bases. However, the number varies which can be detected to identify the family relationship, parentage, identity and transplantation.
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Do you think that solids can undergo convection? Explain.
Answer:
it's not possible for a solid material to transfer heat through convection.
Explanation:
This would require more movement within the material, than a solid is capable of.
This brings us to liquids and gases.
place the steps for predicting the products of a rxn in order. question 2 options: balance the skeleton equation and add state symbols (when applicable) to create a complete balanced equation write all reactants in ion notation. bond all the ions, reactants and products, to produce a skeleton equation according to the pattern the reactants predict, move the ions only to the correct arrangement as products.
The products of a rxn in order:
1. Balance the skeleton equation and add state symbols (when applicable) to create a complete balanced equation
2. Write all reactants in ion notation.
3. Bond all the ions, reactants and products, to produce a skeleton equation
4. According to the pattern the reactants predict, move the ions only to the correct arrangement as products.
1. Balance the skeleton equation and add state symbols (when applicable) to create a complete balanced equation.
2. Write all reactants in ion notation.
3. Bond all the ions, reactants and products, to produce a skeleton equation.
4. According to the pattern the reactants predict, move the ions only to the correct arrangement as products.
For example, if the reactants are NH4+ and OH- and the predicted products are NH3 and H2O, the skeleton equation would be NH4+ + OH- --> NH3 + H2O.
The process of moving the ions to the correct positions would then be: NH4+ + OH- --> NH4OH --> NH3 + H2O.
5. Once the ions are in the correct positions, double check that the equation is balanced by counting the number of atoms on both sides of the equation (i.e. the number of nitrogen atoms must be the same on both sides, the number of hydrogen atoms must be the same on both sides, and the number of oxygen atoms must be the same on both sides).
6. Move the ions only to the correct arrangement as products: Move the ions to the correct positions to form the products of the reaction. Make sure that the number of atoms on each side of the equation are equal and the state.
7. If the equation is balanced, you have successfully predicted.
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which of the pairs of compounds below is most likely to form a solution when mixed? view available hint(s)for part a which of the pairs of compounds below is most likely to form a solution when mixed? heptane (c7h16) and acetonitrile (h3ccn) water and ammonia (nh3) sodium chloride (nacl) and pentane (c5h12) ammonia (nh3) and isooctane (c8h18)
Answer:
water and ammonia (nh3)
Explanation:
NH3 + H2O => NH4OH
X-ray crystallography is a technique that allows scientists to determine the
ionic and atomic radii of elements. Which of these statements correctly
describes a trend in ionic or atomic radii in the periodic table?
Atomic radii decreases along a period and increases along a group in the periodic table.
What is periodic table?
Periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements in the form of a table. In the periodic table, elements are arranged according to the modern periodic law which states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.
It is called as periodic because properties repeat after regular intervals of atomic numbers . It is a tabular arrangement consisting of seven horizontal rows called periods and eighteen vertical columns called groups.
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How many atoms are contained in 97.6 g of platinum (Pt), 50.5g of Gold (Au), and 60.8 g of Mercury (Hg)?
60.8/200 or 0.3 mole or 1.80×10^23 atoms are contained.
What is atom?Atom is a particle of the matter that uniquely defined as a chemical elements.An atom is consist of a central nucleolus that is surrounded by or more negetivly changes of electrons.
One mole of element contains 6.203×10 ^ 23 atoms
And one mole measures the molar mass of compund
Here Pt molar mass is 195 g
So 97.6/195 is 0.5 mole nearly or 3.115×10^23 atoms
Then gold Au molar mass is 197 g nearly
So 50.5/197 is 0.25 mole and 1.50×10^23 atoms
Then mercury Hg molar mass is 200 nearly and here
60.8/200 or 0.3 mole or 1.80×10^23 atoms
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Match each property of a liquid to what it indicates about the relative strength of the intermolecular forces in that liquid. Strong intermolecular forces Weak intermolecular forces Answer Bank high boiling point high vapor pressure high viscosity high surface tension
Powerful molecular forces Intermolecular forces that are weak Answer bank High surface tension, high viscosity, high vapor pressure, and high boiling point.
A liquid's resistance to flowing is determined by its viscosity. Viscosity is a measure of how strongly intermolecular forces are present in a liquid. All four parameters—boiling point, melting temperature, surface tension, and viscosity—decline significantly. The substance's vapor pressure rises as a result of the molecules' easy escape due to weak forces. In a closed container, vapor pressure develops when liquid molecules have enough kinetic energy to break free from the intermolecular interactions and transform into a gas. The magnitude of intermolecular forces has an inverse relationship with vapor pressure.
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Suppose the galvanic cell sketched below is powered by the following reaction: Mg(s)+PdSO4(aq) MgSO4(aq)+Pd(s) e- E1 E2 sí S2 Write a balanced equation for the half-reaction that happens at the cathode of this cell. Write a balanced equation for the half-reaction that happens at the anode of this cell. Of what substance is El made?
The complete balanced half-cell reaction is as follows:
Mg(s)+PdSO4(aq)---->MgSO4(aq)+Pd(s)
S1 solution= MgSO4 (magnesium sulfate) and S2 solution= PdSO4 (Palladium (II) sulfate)
A chemical reaction that takes place between an oxidizing substance and a reducing substance. The oxidizing substance loses electrons in the reaction, and the reducing substance gains electrons. Oxidation numbers, which are assigned to atoms in molecules by assuming that all bonds to the atoms are ionic. An increase in oxidation number during a reaction corresponds to oxidation, while a decreases corresponds to reduction.
Cathode: Pd^2+(aq)+2e- ---> Pd(s)
At cathode, reduction (gain of e- ) occurs.
At anode: Mg(s) ----> Mg^2+(aq)+2e-
Anode, oxidation (loss of e-) occurs
E1= Mg; (as left side of cell is anode)
E2= Pd; (as right side of cell is cathode)
S1 solution= MgSO4 (magnesium sulfate)
S2 solution= PdSO4 (Palladium (II) sulfate)
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what is the difference between tertiary alcohol and tertiary compaund
Answer:
Explanation:
TERTIARY ALCOHOL:
The alcohols where the carbon to which the hydroxide group is linked is 3 ' C carbon, as it has 3 alkyl groups attached to it.
TERTIARY COMPOUND:
A carbon attached to 3 other carbons is tertiary compound.
an ideal gas, initially at a pressure of 11 atm and a temperature of 280 k, is allowed to expand adiabatically until its volume doubles.
The gas will have an ultimate pressure of 4.244 atm. An isomer with a distinct group arrangement across a double bond, ring, etc. is said to be a geometric isomer.
Coordination chemicals typically exhibit geometric isomers.
The gas's starting pressure is.
The gas's starting temperature is.
Let V be the gas's initial volume. As a result, the total volume will be 2V, or twice.
The provided diatomic gas is adiabatically expanded. Therefore, where is the ratio of the gas's specific heats, which is equal to 1.4 for a diatomic gas, will be the equation for the adiabatic process. Therefore, the final pressure can be calculated as follows:
As a result, the gas will have a final pressure of 4.244 atm.
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Show that you understand the concept of retrosynthetic analysis by working backwards two steps in the synthesis below. Identify possible combinations of A and B that can lead to the alkyne C):A) B-1 and A-VI B) B-VI and A-1 C) B-III and A-VII D) B-IV and A-VII E) B-1 and A-III F) B-VI and A-VIII
Retrosynthetic analysis is a method for resolving issues with organic syntheses' planning.
In order to accomplish this, a target molecule is converted into simpler precursor structures, regardless of any potential reagent reactivity or interaction. The same approach is used to investigate each precursor substance. Retrosynthesis involves "deconstructing" a target molecule into easily accessible building blocks by imagining bond breaks (disconnections) and changing one functional group into another (functional group interconversions). Chemical literature describes more than practical synthesis processes, each having potential applications and constraints. New techniques also emerge during the synthesis that can change the approach. Retrosynthetic analysis is a concept that was developed by Corey starting in the 1960s.
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Formula fo chemical compound? Copper(1) hypochlorite
The structure of the Copper(1) hypochlorite is ClCuO.
What is the chemical formula?We know that the chemical formula has to do with the way that we are able to show the compound or indeed any other chemical specie on paper. In this case we have the compound that has been shown as Copper(1) hypochlorite.
It should be known that in the IUPAC nomenclature, the name of the compound must be such that we can be able to write the structure of the compound from the name of the compound. This is applied in writing the structure of any compound.
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Calculate the molarity of each solution.
A) 38.2 g of KCl in 0.945 L of solution
Express your answer using three significant figures.
B) 64.3 g of C2H6O in 3.8 L of solution
Express your answer using two significant figures.
C) 36.2 mg of KI in 106 mL of solution
Express your answer using three significant figures.
AssertionDuring covalent bonding the electronegativity difference of two atoms is less than $$1.7$$ReasonCovalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms that have same sizeABoth Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for AssertionBBoth Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for AssertionCAssertion is correct but Reason is incorrectDBoth Assertion and Reason are incorrect
C
A covalent bond occurs when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons to form a stable molecule. The difference in electronegativity between two atoms plays a role in determining the type of bond formed between them. In general, covalent bonds are formed between atoms with similar electronegativities.
A covalent bond can form between two atoms if the electronegativity difference between them is less than 1.7. However, the size of the atoms is not the determining factor in covalent bond formation. Instead, the atomic electron distribution and electron affinity are very important.
In general, covalent bonding is a key process in chemistry that allows atoms to form stable bonds with each other. It is a key factor in determining the properties of various chemical compounds such as gases, liquids and solids.
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given these acids and their ka values, which sequence lists the corresponding anions in order of increasing base strength?
Instead, the ability of strong acids to liberate hydrogen atoms (H+) into a particular solution determines their classification.
A solution with a pH greater than 7.0 is referred to as a base. Any solution where the percentage of Hydroxide ions is higher than the percentage of H+ ions is said to be basic. While certain bases immediately take H+, others produce OH- ions instead, which then react with hydrogen to create water. Acid: A solution with too many H+ ions. The Latin name for it is acidus, meaning means "sharp" or "sour." Base: An overabundance of OH- ions in a solution. Alkali is another word for base. Aqueous: A primarily water-based solution. Acids enrich solutions with Hydrogen Ions (H+). Hydrogen ions (H+) & chloride ions are produced when hydrochloric (HCl) splits (Cl-).
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certain types of cancer treatment involve chemicals that disrupt the formation of microfilaments. such chemicals most likely interfere with
Certain types of cancer treatment involve chemicals that disrupt the formation of microfilaments. such chemicals most likely interfere with the Formation of the mitotic spindle.
Chemotherapeutic drugs target cells in various stages of the cell cycle. Understanding how these drugs work helps doctors predict which drugs work well together. Physicians can also plan the frequency of administration of each drug based on cell-phase timing.
Drugs that inhibit mitosis appear to act through a common mechanism of suppressing microtubule dynamics and killing tumor cells. Paclitaxel and vinca alkaloids are the first class of antimitotic agents discovered to inhibit cancer cell growth. Microtubules residing in the cytoplasm begin to depolymerize more rapidly as cells pass through prophase.
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why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air?
How do u test for alcohols in organic chemistry ?
Answer:
Take 1ml of given compound in a dry test tube. Add a few drops of ceric ammonium nitrate reagent and shake the solution well. Observe the solution. If red precipitate appears then the presence of alcoholic group is conformed.
A 59.4 g sample of polystyrene, which has a specific heat capacity of 1.880 J.g ·°C , is put into a calorimeter (see sketch at right) that contains 200.0 g of water. The temperature of the water starts off at 19.0 °C. When the temperature of the water stops changing it's 27.7 °C. The pressure remains constant at 1 atm. Calculate the initial temperature of the polystyrene sample. Be sure your answer is rounded to 2 significant digits.
The polystyrene sample weighs 57.3 grammes in total. We made the assumption in this case that the heat given off by the hot body is equal to the heat absorbed by the cold body temperature.
We made the assumption in this case that the heat given off by the hot body is equal to the heat absorbed by the cold body temperature.
where, = the polystyrene's specific heat
C = water's specific heat
T = polystyrene mass
M = 100.0 g of water mass
T1 is the system's end temperature, while I is the polystyrene's starting temperature.
F is the water's starting temperature.
The weight of the polystyrene is 59.6 g (mpmp).
Once you've entered all the values into the formula above, you'll obtain
Consequently, the polystyrene sample weighs 57.3 grammes.
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The primary distinction between chemical reactions and nuclear reactions is that chemical reactions involve the flow of electrons and
nuclear reactions involve changes to protons and neutrons.
False
True
Answer: True. The primary distinction between chemical reactions and nuclear reactions is that chemical reactions involve the flow of electrons, while nuclear reactions involve changes to protons and neutrons. In chemical reactions, atoms form new bonds with other atoms by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. In nuclear reactions, the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom are rearranged to form new elements. These two types of reactions are fundamentally different and involve different types of particles and energy.
Explanation:
An electron is released from rest in a uniform electric field of magnitude 2.0×10 4
N/C. Calculate the acceleration of the electron. ( Ignore gravitation.)
When an electron is released from rest in a uniform electric field of magnitude 2.0×10^4N/C the acceleration of the electron is 3.15x10^15m/s2.
Given the magnitude of electric field (E) = 2.0x10^4N/C
The magnitude of the force acting on the electron is F = qE where E is the magnitude of the electric field at its location and q is the charge of electron. q= 1.602x10-19C
From Newton's second law the acceleration of the electron: F = ma
where m is the mass of electron = 9.11x10-31kg
By comparing above two equations we have ma = qE
a = qxE/m = 1.602x10-19 x 2.0x10^4/9.11x10-31 = 3.51x10^15m/s2
Hence the acceleration of the electron = 3.51x10^15ms-2.
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