n the _____stage of team development, team members often become intensely loyal to one another and feel mutual accountability for team successes and failures.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Performing.

Explanation:

In other to get to this stage of team development, you must have passed through the certain other three stages where you are been formed as a group and also stormed before performance.

Group seen to have made it to their performing stage are seen to displays a level of competence experience and also trust that is less apparent in the earlier stages of group development. Cohesion is seen to be the vital driver in this stage of team development. Also strong relationships is maintained amongst its members facilitating smooth flow of work; and can certainly work without supervision too.


Related Questions

Company A was sued by Company B. The management of Company A feels that it is probable that it will have to pay the full amount to Company 8. What is the effect of this contingent event on Company A's accounting equation?
a. Increase liabilities and decrease stockholders' equity.
b. Increase assets and increase stockholders' equity.
c. No effect on the accounting equation.
d. Decrease assets and decrease liabilities.

Answers

Answer: a. Increase liabilities and decrease stockholders' equity.

Explanation:

Contingent Liabilities are obligations that the company may owe if a future event happens such as them being ruled against in a case in court.

Contingent Liabilities are to be recorded in the financial statements only when it is probable that it will happen and that the amount to be paid is reasonably estimable.

Company A's management feels like the loss is probable and that they would have to pay the full amount to company B which means that the loss is both likely and estimable.

Company A should therefore increase their liabilities and debit loss which will come from the Equity thereby reducing it.

Under a contract with Bucolic Farms, Agro Excavation, Inc., begins digging an agricultural pond. In mid-project, Agro asks for $15,000 over the contract price, claiming an increase in the "cost of doing business." Bucolic agrees but later refuses to pay. Their agreement is

Answers

Answer:

unenforceable because Agro's performance was preexisting duty.

Explanation:

In the situation being described, it can be said that their agreement is unenforceable because Agro's performance was preexisting duty. This refers to the party's offer of a performance that was already required of them under the existing contract making a modification null. In this scenario, this is exactly what is happening, Agro Excavations has already signed a contract to dig the pond and has no enforceable reason to add $15,000 to the contract price mid-project and must finish digging the pond for the agreed-upon price of the first contract.

​Gladiator USA, a tire​ manufacturer, guarantees its tires against defects for five years or​ 60,000 miles, whichever comes first. Suppose USA can expect warranty costs during the​ five-year period to add up to of sales. Assume that a USA dealer in​ Denver, Colorado, made sales of during 2018. ​Gladiator USA received cash for ​% of the sales and took notes receivable for the remainder. Payments to satisfy customer warranty claims totaled during 2018. Record the​ sales, warranty​ expense, and warranty payments for Gladiator USA.

Answers

Answer:

DR Cash............................................$96,450  

DR Notes receivable........................$546,550  

CR Sales revenue...................................................$643,000

(To record sales)  

DR Warranty expense .............................$32,150  

CR Warranty liability.................................................$32,150

(To record Warranty Expense)

 

DR Warranty liability.................................$20,000  

CR Cash......................................................................$20,000

(To record Warranty Claim Payments)  

Explanation:

Cash = 15% * $643,000

= $96,450

Notes Receivable = 643,000 - 96,450

= $546,550  

Warranty Expense = 5% x $643,000

= $32,150

"A customer has an existing margin account and wants to write five covered calls against 500 shares of stock in the account. The margin requirement to write the calls is:"

Answers

Answer: 0

Explanation: The sale of the stock call, would be covered by the ownership of the stock ( someone who owns the said stock). The required margin needed to sell the stock would be ‘0’ since there is no evidence that points to any available risks on the short calls. as short calls helps to predict of prices would drop or not.

Between 1953 and 2015, rising labor productivity contributed more to U.S. economic growth than did increases in inputs.
A. True
B. False

Answers

Answer: True

Explanation:

Labor productivity has to do with the amount of products and services which are produce at a particular time by the workers.

It should be noted that between 1953 and 2015, rising labor productivity contributed more to U.S. economic growth than did increases in inputs. This brought about increase in the available goods and services in the country.

A project that provides annual cash flows of $2,700 for nine years costs $8,800 today.
Requirement 1:A. At a required return of 9 percent, what is the NPV of the project?
B. At a required return of 28 percent, what is the NPV of the project?
C. At what discount rate would you be indifferent between accepting the project and rejecting it?

Answers

Answer:

A. $8,187.17

B. $597.38

C. 30%

Explanation:

Calculate the Net Present Value of the Project at the Required Return of 9%

The following is the calculation of NPV using a financial calculator :

($8,000)   CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

9.00 %     i/yr

Shift NPV  $8.187.1666 or $8,187.17

Calculate the Net Present Value of the Project at the Required Return of 9%

The following is the calculation of NPV using a financial calculator :

($8,000)   CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

28.00 %     i/yr

Shift NPV  $597.3765 or $597.38

You will be indifferent between accepting the project and rejecting it at the internal rate of return. The Internal Rate of Return is the interest rate that makes the Present Vale of Cash Flows to equal the Initial Cost of the Investment.

Use the Data given to find the Internal Rate of Return :

($8,000)   CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

$2,700     CFj

Shift IRR 30%

Patterson Company owns 80% of the outstanding common stock of Stevens Company. On June 30, 2013, landcosting $500,000 is sold by one affiliate to the other for $800,000.Required:Prepare in general journal form the workpaper entries necessary because of the intercompany sale of land in theconsolidated financial statements workpaper for the year ended December 31, 2014, assuming that:A. Patterson Company purchased the land from Stevens Company.B. Stevens Company purchased the land from Patterson Company.

Answers

Answer:                              

1. Sale of land by Stevens (subsidiary) - Upstream transaction

                                    General Journal

Date                Particulars                    Debit          Credit

31-Dec-14    Retained earnings A/c   $240,000

                    (300,000*80%)

                  Non controlling interest   $60,000

                   (300,000*20%)

                         To, Land                                       $300,000  

                          (Being profit on sale eliminated)

2. Sale by Patterson (holding) - Downstream transaction

Date               Particulars                     Debit          Credit

31-Dec-14     Retained earnings a/c  $300,000  

                       To, Land                                          $300,000

(Being profit on sale earlier recognized by holding eliminated)

The following data was collected from the manufacturing of an auto component. It represents the diameter (in mm) of that component. What is the LCL for a control chart using this data (z=3)?Sample Obs 1 Obs 2 Obs 3 Obs 41 10 12 12 142 12 11 13 163 11 13 14 144 11 10 7 85 13 12 14 13

Answers

Answer:

9.37

Explanation:

The computation of LCL for a control chart is shown below:-

Sample  Obs 1  Obs 2    Obs 3   Obs 4   Mean observation    Range

1                 10      12           12          14              12                         4

2                 12     11            13          16              13                          5

3                 11      13            14           14              13                          3

4                 11       10            7            8               9                          4

5                13     12             14            13             13                         2

For computing the mean observation  and range we will use the below formulas

Mean observation = ( Obs 1 + Obs 2 + Obs 3 + Obs 4) ÷ 4

Range = Highest value - Lowest value

[tex]LCL = \bar{\bar{X}} - A2 \bar{R}[/tex]

[tex]\bar X[/tex] =  ( 12 + 13 + 13 + 9 + 13 ) ÷ 5

= 12

[tex]\bar R[/tex] =  ( 4 + 5 + 3 + 4 + 2 ) ÷ 5

= 3.6

Since we found the value of A2 with the help of constants table for control charts for a 4 subgroup size.

A2  = 0.729

[tex]LCL = \bar{\bar{X}} - A2 \bar{R}[/tex]

12 - 0.729 × 3.6

= 9.37

Which of the following statements is false?
A) All of the governmental funds use the modified accrual basis of accounting.
B) Debt service funds are required to report accrued interest payable.
C) General fixed assets that are acquired with governmental fund resources are recorded as expenditures in the governmental funds but are displayed as capital assets in the governmental-wide financial statements.
D) Permanent funds reflect resources that are legally restricted so that principal may not be expended and earnings are used to benefit the government or its citizenry.

Answers

Answer: Debt service funds are required to report accrued interest payable.

Explanation:

The modified accrual basis of accounting is utilized for governmental funds. It should also be noted that permanent funds reflect resources that are legally restricted so that principal may not be expended and earnings are used to benefit the government or its citizenry.

Therefore, the option that debt service funds are required to report accrued interest payable is not true.

Each extra worker produces an extra unit of output up to six workers. After six, no additional output is produced. Draw the total product of labor, average product of labor, and marginal product of labor curves.

Answers

Answer:

attached is the diagram

Explanation:

Each extra worker produces an extra unit of output, is said to be the marginal production of an extra worker employed

marginal production  :

change in total production / change in labor = ΔTp / ΔL

Average production = Tp / L

Tp = total production ,  L = number of labor

To draw the Total product of labor , average product labor and marginal product labor curves starting from zero labor

0 worker : Total product = 0, average product labor = 0 , marginal = 0

1 worker : Total product = 1, average product = 1 , marginal = 0

2 worker : Total product = 2, average product = 1, marginal = 1

3 workers: total product = 3 average product = 1, marginal = 1

4 workers: Total product = 4, average product = 1, marginal = 1

5 workers : Total product = 5 average product = 1, marginal = 1

6 workers : total product = 6 average product = 1 , marginal = 1

7 workers : total product = 7 , average product = 0.85, marginal = 0

8 workers : total product = 8, average product = 0.75 marginal = 0

Where can a Master Admin Accountant User view the apps connected to a client’s QuickBooks Online account from within QuickBooks Online Accountant?

Answers

Answer:

The answer is below

Explanation:

A Master Administrator is normally the individual who is tasked at establishing the company file in QuickBooks Online.

In other words, Master Admin possesses access to all portions of the company file and can grant authorizations and access to other users.

Therefore, a Master Admin Accountant User can view the apps connected to a client’s QuickBooks Online account from within QuickBooks Online Accountant by doing the following:

1. Go to Settings

2. Select Manage Users.

3. Select Accounting firms.

4. Under the Company section, Select View Apps.

Answer:

Left Navigation Bar > Apps > Client Apps

Explanation:

Click to review the online content. Then answer the question(s) below, using complete sentences. Scroll down to view additional questions. Career Connection: Shin-fong How does Shin-fong keep track of his finances?

Answers

Answer:

By means of a budget he prepared.

Explanation:

According to the information available, Shing-fong has a carefully thought out strategy. Here's some of what he does;

he keeps tracks of his finances by means of a budget plan.he views all his transactions also checking his debit or credit cards to keep track of how much he spendsShing-Fong avoids eating out as much as he used to and preparing cheaper food at home.he also avoids unnecessarily spending with friends whenever he is invited.

A bond issue with a face amount of $1,200,000 bears interest at the rate of 9%. The current market rate of interest is 10%. These bonds will sell at a price that is:

Answers

Answer: The selling price of the bond will be less than $1,200,000

Explanation:

From the question, we are informed that a bond issue with a face amount of $1,200,000 bears interest at the rate of 9% and that the current market rate of interest is 10%.

Since the market rate is 10% which is higher than coupon rate of 9%, this means that the market price for the bond will be smaller than the bond's face value.

Therefore, the selling price of the bond will be less than $1,200,000.

The federal government doesn't have a capital budget; however, private enterprises do have a capital budget and when they invest in productive assets such as machinery it is recorded in their capital budget as an asset. What is one of the explanations why the federal government's investments are not discussed in relation to a capital budget and recorded as an asset like a private enterprise's investments are

Answers

Answer:

Hello the options in regards to your question is missing attached below is the complete question

Answer : Private enterprise's investments are in assets that are meant to increase production, which are going to earn revenues and pay for themselves. Thus, private enterprise's spending is unambiguously going towards investments. It is very difficult to determine when the federal government's spending is an investment. ( B )

Explanation:

The federal government's investments are not discussed in relation to a capital budget and recorded as an asset because It is very difficult to determine when the federal government's spending is an investment, because Federal Government is not actually designed to operate as a business entity

Effectiveness of a solution is equal to:_______

a. Quality of a Solution 20% (x) Acceptability of the Solution 80%
b. Quality of a Solution 80% (x) Acceptability of the Solution 20%
c. Quality of a Solution 10% (x) Acceptability of the Solution 90%
d. Quality of a Solution 90% (x) Acceptability of the Solution 10%
e. None of the above

Answers

Answer:

a. Quality of a Solution 20% (x) Acceptability of the Solution 80%

Explanation:

We say that a solution is effective i.e 100%, when it has a 20% of its quality and 80% of its acceptability.

A solution is effective when it has a 100% effect. The application of a solution to a problem which yields 100% effect is said to be effective and acceptable.

The scale used is the relationship given as:

Effectiveness of a solution = Quality of a Solution 20% (x) Acceptability of the Solution 80%

If 40 Ps are needed, and on-hand inventory consists of 15 Ps and 10 each of all other components and subassemblies, how many Cs are needed

Answers

Answer:

350 units

Explanation:

The computation of the number of Cs is needed is shown below;

The requirement of Ps = 40

Ps still = 15

So, the Net of Ps needed is

=40 - 15

= 25

Bs needed for 25 units of P is

= 3 × 25

= 75

And, B units still = 10

So, the Net of B units needed is

= 75 - 10

= 65

So, Cs needed for 65 units of B is

= 4 × 65

= 260

Cs needed directly for every unit of P is

= 1 × 4

= 4

hence , total Cs needed for 25 units of P is

= 4 × 25

= 100

Now

Total Cs required is

= 260 + 100

= 360

And, C units still = 10

So, the Net Cs needed is

= 360 - 10

= 350 units

If sales are $803,000, variable costs are 66% of sales, and operating income is $262,000, what is the contribution margin ratio

Answers

Answer:

34%

Explanation:

The formula to calculate the contribution margin ratio is:

Contribution margin ratio= (Sales – variable expenses)/sales

Sales=$803,000

Variable expenses=$803,000*66%=$529,980

Now, you can replace the values:

Contribution margin ratio=($803,000-$529,980)/$803,000

Contribution margin ratio=0.34

According to this, the answer is that the contribution margin ratio is 34%.

Even if you cannot meet all of the elements of a contract, in special circumstances, courts may still find that there was an enforceable agreement.

a. True
b. False

Answers

Answer:

Correct answer:

a. True

Explanation:

A contract which is an agreement between two individual is meant to be kept in any given business situation. In a situation where there is a need not to meet the elements of the contracts, there might be cancellation of the contract if both parties agrees.

When one of the parties refuses, he or she would go to court inorder to enforce the agreement. In most cases, the court would see reasons on why the agreements must be enforced.

An organizationally-driven reason for outsourcing is that it can improve effectiveness by focusing on what the firm does best.

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Outsourcing is when a company gives some of its internal activities to an external party that takes the responsibility to get things done and one of the reasons for a company to do this is to get rid of activities that have to get done but that are not part of their core operations to be able to concentrate on their main activity and get those things done by experts which can help increase productivity. According to that, the answer is that the statement is true.

You have gathered the following information on your investments. What is the expected return on the portfolio? Stock Number of Shares Price per Share Expected Return F 310 $ 40 13.32 % G 315 $ 26 10.05 % H 255 $ 52 10.59 %

Answers

Answer:

Expected return on the portfolio = $3,879.00

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

Stock   Number of Shares   Price per Share  Expected Return  Expected

                                                                                                       Value

F                   310                         $ 40                   13.32 %           $1,651.68

G                  315                         $ 26                   10.05 %            $823.09

H                 255                         $ 52                   10.59 %          $1,404.23

Total           880                                                                          $3,879.00

b) The expected return on the portfolio is the addition of the expected returns of each class of shares.  This is obtained by multiplying the number of shares in each class with the price and the expected return in percentage.  This gives a weighted value for the class of shares, which are then added to obtain the expected return on the portfolio.

g The company plans a 4-for-1 stock split. How many shares will you own and what will the share price be after the stock split?

Answers

Answer: 14,400; $17

Explanation:

Stock splits are a strategy by firms to increase the liquidity of their shares especially when they are trading at a high price. The firm divides the stock by a certain number thus increasing the number of shares by the multiple of the number. This action will divide the price of the stock and thus allow for more trade as they are cheaper.

A 4-for- stock split means that each share will become 4.

Your total number of share will become;

= 4 * 3,600

= 14,400 shares

The new price will be;

= 68/4

= $17 per share

If we had a situation of Diminishing Marginal Productivity, then this would be great news for the firm. Senior management loves this kind of cost reduction outcome.

True or False

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is the second option: False.

Explanation:

To begin with, the well known term of "Diminishing Marginal Productivity" is understood to be an economic law whose main purpose is to explain that given a certain level of an input, the production of the company will start to go down eventually after adding more and more of that variable. Therefore that this theory states that when a company adds more of a factor of production, everything else constant, when it reaches a certain level that input will start to affect the output of the good and with it the profits of the business. That is why that if the company is in a situation of diminishing marginal productivity the senior management would not be pleased.

Managers of an American television network have been told they need to employ a localization strategy if they want to break into the European and Australian markets. What specifically should they do to implement this strategy

Answers

Answer:

they will need to follow the television viewing habits,and  cultural differences in the locality.

Explanation:

This is very important so as to determine what would work best in each region. An extensive research into television habits as well as cultural norms would need to be carried out.

For example, program schedule times may need adjustments based on a different viewing time.

Given the following data: Average operating assets $ 504,000 Total liabilities $ 23,520 Sales $ 168,000 Contribution margin $ 85,680 Net operating income $ 45,360 Return on investment (ROI) is:

Answers

Answer:

9%

Explanation:

According to the given situation, the solution of return on investment is shown below:-

Return on investment = (Net operating income ÷ Average operating assets) × 100

now, we will put the values into the above formula

= ($45,360 ÷ $504,000) × 100

= 0.09 × 100

= 9%

Therefore for computing the return on investment we simply applied the above formula.

Suppose that you have an old car that is a real gas guzzler. It is 10 years old and could be sold to a local dealer for ​$ cash. The annual maintenance costs will average ​$ per year into the foreseeable​ future, and the car averages only miles per gallon. Gasoline costs ​$ per​ gallon, and you drive miles per year. You now have an opportunity to replace the old car with a better one that costs ​$. If you buy​ it, you will pay cash. Because of a​ 2-year warranty, the maintenance costs are expected to be negligible. This car averages miles per gallon. Should you keep the old car or replace​ it? Utilize a​ 2-year comparison period and assume that the new car can be sold for ​$ at the end of year 2. Assume that the salvage value of the old car at the end of year 2 will be​ $0. Ignore the effect of income taxes and let your MARR be ​%.

Answers

Answer:

you should replace the old car with a newer and more efficient one

Explanation:

all the numbers are missing, so I looked them up:

current sale value of old car $400

maintenance costs per year $800

gasoline expense per year = $3.50 x 1/10 x 15,000 = $5,250

resale value in 2 years = $0

cost of replacing old car = $8,000

maintenance costs per year $0

gasoline expense per year = $3.50 x 1/30 x 15,000 = $1,750

resale value in 2 years = $5,000

MARR = 15%

if you keep the old car, your net cash flows will be:

Year 1 = -$6,050

Year 2 = -$6,050

if you change your car, your net cash flows will be:

Year 0 = -$8,000 + $400 = -$7,600

Year 1 = -$1,750

Year 2 = $3,250

keeping the old car results in a NPV = -$6,050/1.15 - $6,050/1.15² = -$5,260.87 - $4,574.67 = -$9,835.54

changing for a new car results in a NPV = -$7,600 -$1,750/1.15 + $3,250/1.15² = -$7,600 -$1,521.74 + $2,457.47 = -$6,664.27

since both options result in negative cash flows, we must select the option that results in a smaller loss

You have been given the following return information for a mutual fund, the market index, and the risk-free rate. You also know that the return correlation between the fund and the market is 0.97.

Year Fund Market Risk-Free
2008 -15.2% -24.5% 1%
2009 25.1 19.5 3
2010 12.4 9.4 2
2011 6.2 7.6 4
2012 -1.2 -2.2 2

What are the Sharpe and Treynor ratios for the fund?

Answers

Answer:

Sharpe ratio = 0.20

Treynor ratio = –0.005

Explanation:

Note: See the attached excel file for the calculations of average rate of returns, standard deviations and beta used in the calculation below.

a. Calculation of Sharpe ratio

Sharpe ratio refers to a  investment measurement that employed to measure the an investment actual that has been adjusted for the risk associated with the investment.

Sharpe ratio can be calculated using the following formula:

Sharpe ratio = (Average fund rate - Average Risk Free rate) / Standard deviation of fund rate = (5.46% - 2.40%) / 15.05% = 0.20

a. Calculation of Treynor ratio

Treynor ratio refers to investment measurement that is calculated to show the risk of certain investments after the volatility of the market has been taking into consideration.

Treynor ratio can be calculated using the following formula:

Treynor ratio = (Average market return rate - Average Risk Free rate) / Beta = (1.96% - 2.40%) / 87.53% = –0.005

York's outstanding stock consists of 80,000 shares of noncumulative 7.5% preferred stock with a $5 par value and also 200,000 shares of common stock with a $1 par value. During its first four years of operation, the corporation declared and paid the following total cash dividends: 2015 total cash dividends $20,000 ; 2016 total cash dividends 28,000 ; 2017 total cash dividends 200,000 ; 2018 total cash dividends 350,000. Please explain how to journal this.

Answers

Answer:

dividends paid during 2015:

preferred stock dividends = $20,000, dividend per preferred stock = $0.25

common stock dividends = $0, dividend per common stock = $0

dividends paid during 2016:

preferred stock dividends = $28,000, dividend per preferred stock = $0.35

common stock dividends = $0, dividend per common stock = $0

dividends paid during 2017:

preferred stock dividends = $30,000, dividend per preferred stock = $0.375

common stock dividends = $170,000, dividend per common stock = $0.85

dividends paid during 2018:

preferred stock dividends = $30,000, dividend per preferred stock = $0.375

common stock dividends = $320,000, dividend per common stock = $1.60

Since the preferred stocks are not cumulative, any preferred dividends that are not paid during a year will not be paid in future years.

Speedy Runner makes running shoes and they have gathered the following data for the month of​ October: Data Cash on​ 10/1 Expected Cash Collections Direct Materials Cash Disbursements Direct Labor Cash Disbursements MOH Cash Disbursements Operating Expenses Cash Disbursements Capital Expenditures Cash Disbursements Speedy Runner requires an ending cash balance of at least​ $12,000 and can borrow from a line of credit in​ $1,000 increments. How much will Speedy Runner need to borrow at the end of​ October?

Answers

Answer: $9,000

Explanation:

Speedy Runner will need to borrow the amount of cash disbursements that will exceed their cash receipts.

= Opening Cash + Cash Receipts - Cash Disbursements

= Opening Cash + Expected Cash Collections - Direct Labor Cash - Direct Materials Cash Disbursements - Operating Expenses Cash Disbursements - MOH Cash Disbursements - Capital Expenditures Cash Disbursements ​- Ending cash balance requirement

= 15,300 + 435,000 - 32,000 - 80,000 - 110,000 - 25,000 - 200,000 - 12,000

= $8,700

They can borrow in incremental terms of $1,000 so to cover the cash requirements they should borrow $9,000.

A company has 825 shares of $50 par value preferred stock outstanding, and the call price of its preferred stock is $63 per share. It also has 17,000 shares of common stock outstanding, and the total value of its stockholders' equity is $626,575. The company's book value per common share equals:

Answers

Answer:

Book Value Per Common Share = $33.80

Explanation:

Book Value Per Common Share = Stockholders' equity - Shares * Call Price per shares) / Shares of common stock outstanding

= ($626,575 - 825*63) / 17000

= ($626,575 - $51,975) / 17,000

= $574,600 / 17,000

= $33.80

Mojo Mining has a bond outstanding that sells for $2,120 and matures in 18 years. The bond pays semiannual coupons and has a coupon rate of 6.66 percent. The par value is $2,000. If the company's tax rate is 40 percent, what is the aftertax cost of debt?
A. 3.96%
B. 6.24%
C. 5.82%
D. 3.66%
E. 3.45%

Answers

Answer:

D. 3.66%

Explanation:

For computing the after tax cost of debt we need to apply the RATE formula i.e to be shown in the attachment

Given that,  

Present value = $2,120

Future value or Face value = $2,000

PMT = $2,000 × 6.6% ÷ 2 = $66.60

NPER = 18 years × 2 = 36 years

The formula is shown below:  

= Rate(NPER;PMT;-PV;FV;type)  

The present value come in negative  

So, after solving this,  

1. The pretax cost of debt is 3.05% × 2 % = 6.10%

2. And, the after tax cost of debt would be

= Pretax cost of debt × ( 1 - tax rate)

= 6.10% × ( 1 - 0.40)

= 3.66%

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