Answer:
Các vi khuẩn Psychrotolerant rất quan trọng đối với các ứng dụng công nghệ sinh học và chu trình cacbon. Tuy nhiên, các cơ chế cho phép chúng tồn tại và hoạt động trong môi trường đông lạnh vẫn chưa rõ ràng. Để làm sáng tỏ sự thích nghi của màng tế bào vi sinh vật với sự đóng băng, chúng tôi ủ đất với glucose được đánh dấu 13C theo vị trí cụ thể ở + 5 (đối chứng), - 5 và - 20 ° C và định lượng 13C trong CO2 và axit béo phospholipid. Quá trình oxy hóa cao của glucose C-1 ở + 5 ° C cho thấy sự biến đổi thông qua con đường pentose phosphate. Tuy nhiên, ở nhiệt độ subzero, sự oxy hóa ưu tiên của vị trí C-4 gợi ý chuyển sang quá trình đường phân. Sự gia tăng gấp ba lần axit béo photpholipid Gram âm trong đất ủ ở - 5 ° C đi kèm với sự gia tăng gấp hai lần sự kết hợp ở 13C. Sự gia tăng không đều này của các axit béo phospholipid và kết hợp 13C có thể được giải thích là do sự khử bão hòa đồng thời của các chuỗi axit béo hiện có và sự tổng hợp de novo của các axit béo không bão hòa đơn, cho thấy sự phát triển của vi sinh vật. Ngược lại, vi khuẩn Gram dương kết hợp các axit béo phospholipid ở nhiệt độ - 20 ° C cao hơn 2 lần so với ở - 5 và + 5 ° C mà không làm tăng đáng kể hàm lượng axit béo của chúng. Điều này phản ánh việc sửa chữa chuyên sâu các màng bị hư hỏng ở - 20 ° C mà không có sự phát triển của vi sinh vật. Tỷ lệ nấm / vi khuẩn thấp hơn 1,5 lần ở nhiệt độ subzero so với + 5 ° C, phản ánh sự thay đổi cấu trúc cộng đồng vi sinh vật theo hướng vi khuẩn. Theo đó, vi sinh vật đất thích nghi với sự đóng băng bằng cách (1) chuyển con đường trao đổi chất của chúng từ con đường pentose phosphate sang đường phân, (2) điều chỉnh axit béo phospholipid bằng cách khử bão hòa và, (3) chuyển cấu trúc cộng đồng vi sinh vật sang vi khuẩn Gram âm bằng cách khử nấm dân số.
Explanation:
Không phải lời của tôi! Tôi hi vọng cái này giúp được!
help please!
Is there a physical or behavioral characteristic that allows red beetles to be so
successful?
¿Cuál es el rol de la genética microbiana en el contexto de la Biología?
¿Qué aplicaciones tiene la Genética Microbiana hoy en día?
¿En qué consiste el protagonismo de la Genética microbiana en el devenir histórico de la Biología?
Answer:
- La genética microbiana ha sido fundamental para la comprensión de diferentes mecanismo genéticos y evolutivos
- Los microrganismos son ampliamente utilizados en medicina y procesos biotecnológicos
- La microbiología ha permitido descartar la teoría de la generación espontanea (anteriormente aceptada en biologia) como así también formular nuevas teorías (hoy en día ampliamente aceptadas por la comunidad científica)
Explanation:
La genética microbiana juega un papel fundamental en biología, ya que los organismos microscópicos (por ejemplo, bacterias) poseen características únicas para el estudio de mecanismos genético/moleculares tales como, por ejemplo, 1-un corto tiempo generacional y 2-la capacidad de manipulación de un número de organismos muy alto (N muestral) en un laboratorio. En consecuencia, los microrganismos permiten estudiar mecanismos genéticos y evolutivos con mayor grado de precisión y versatilidad al ser comparados con organismos pluricelulares. La microbiología ha permitido el desarrollo de técnicas esenciales en el campo de la biología molecular: la técnica de edición genómica CRISPR-Cas9 se basa en el sistema adaptativo que poseen ciertas bacterias para hacer frente a infecciones virales. La biotecnología microbiana ha permitido también desarrollar diferentes tipos de alimentos y procesos biotecnológicos (por ejemplo, la cerveza y ciertos productos lácteos requiere la utilización de microrganismos para llevar a cabo el proceso de fermentación). Por otra parte, mediante técnicas de recombinación genética podemos explotar las características de los microrganismos para producir a gran escala ciertos productos biotecnológicos y medicinales (por ejemplo, producir insulina para uso humano). La microbiología emergió en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y desde entonces ha posibilitado el desarrollo de importantes avances para el tratamiento y cura de enfermedades infecciosas, como así también descartar teorías tales como la generación espontánea y generar nuevos conocimientos en el campo de la biología y la genética (por ejemplo, el descubrimiento que el ADN se replica de manera semiconservativa fue realizado utilizando cepas de E. coli).
Which process results in the formation of two identical daughter cells
Explanation: During mitosis, a eukaryotic cell undergoes a carefully coordinated nuclear division that results in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells. ... If all conditions are ideal, the cell is now ready to move into the first phase of mitosis.
Answer:
answer is D
answer is mitosis
Explanation:
hope this helps!
How is genetic material passed from parent s to offspring?
DNA is the genetic material and pass from. parents to offspring
water enters a long vurvykar tube at a eman tempreture taht is lower than the tine surface temperatire. The curve that most closely describes the mean tempretire of the fluid as a function of
Answer:
The curve that most closely describes the mean tempretire of the fluid as a function of position along the tube.
Explanation:
Hello. Your question is presenting very confusing words, however, through the context of the question as a whole, it is possible to see that you are saying that the water that enters a circular tube has a lower temperature than the temperature presented by the surface of the tube . In this case, if you are going to present a graph about this, it is important that this graph presents a curve that shows the relationship between the average water temperature as a function of the position of the water along the tube. This graph will be similar to the graph shown in the attached figure below.
Respond to the following based on your reading.
What's the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
An electric current is trying to move through an atom. How do protons and electrons impact the movement of electricity?
Match the term on the left with its definition on the right.
Term Definition
3. Carbohydrate
a. Molecule that's a source of energy in the body
4. Nucleic acid
b. Many structures and enzymes in the body are made of these
5. Lipids
c. One substance that makes up cell membranes
6. Proteins
d. The molecule that carries the genetic material in the cell
Answer:
1. In an ionic bond, the electrons are lost or gained between atoms. In a covalent bond, the electrons are shared between atoms.
2. Protons and electrons both have an electric charge. Protons have a positive charge and electrons have a negative charge. This means that their charges are equal and opposite. The nature of the charge influences how electricity moves through an atom.
3. a
4. d
5. c
6. b
Explanation:
The ionic bonds are formed between the metal and nonmetal with the opposite charges, whereas the covalent are between the nonmetals. The electricity is influenced both by the electron (negative) and protons (positive) of the atom.
What is an atom?An atom is made of subatomic particles with different charges. The electron is negative and protons are positive charge particles that affect the movement of the electric current as their charges influence the electric charge.
The matches for the macromolecules with their definitions are given as,
Carbohydrates are the macromolecules involved in the storage of energy. Hence, option a is correct.Nucleic acids are molecules consisting of DNA and RNA that act as genetic and heritable material. Hence, option d is correct.Lipids are involved in the structural composition of the cell membrane and store energy. Hence, option c is correct.Proteins make various enzymes and structures in the body that plays the most crucial role. Hence, option b is correct.Learn more about atoms here:
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in both mitosis and meiosis, sister chromatids separate during anaphase, but there are four haploid daughter cells in meiosis and two haploid daughter cells in mitosis
true or false and explain why
Answer:
flase
Explanation:
because mitosis produce diploid cells and meiosis produce 4 haploid cells
Are most mutations bad?
Answer:
Mutational effects can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral, depending on their context or location. Most non-neutral mutations are deleterious. In general, the more base pairs that are affected by a mutation, the larger the effect of the mutation, and the larger the mutation's probability of being deleterious.
Explanation:
Answer:
It depends, not all mutations are bad.
Explanation:
Some mutations don't affect anything and remain coding for the same gene so it ends up being the same even if it wasn't mutated in the first place.
1. Which of the following compounds in the main group is an alkaline earth metal?
O A. Sodium
O B. Calcium
C. Silicon
O D. Xenon
Answer:
B. Calcium
Explanation: short answer
Answer:
Calcium
Explanation:
What is the kind of asexual reproduction
How does variation in the environment affect natural selection?
Answer:
It effects the way that certain traits in a species evolve in an area due to being better for dealing with the environment more effectively.
Explanation:
This is legit how nature works. Please rate 5 stars.
what do you mean by bone
Answer:
bone is a substance that forms the skeleton of the body
Complete each statement by using the appropriate word or phrase from the list. Then place the statements in the order of an action potential repolarization event.
1. Through the activated channels, _________ now flows outwards causing the membrane to repolarize back towards RMP.
2. As the membrane potential ___________, the voltage-regulated sodium channels begin closing which in turn reduces the sodium movement to the ICF
3. With a larger duration of activation than sodium channels, the potassium channels allow for a greater movement of potassium to the ECF causing a short period of_______.
4. With membrane potentials approaching +35 mV, the _________channels become fully activated.
a. Sodium
b. Voltage regulate sodium
c. Potassium
d. Rises towards zero
e. Hyperpolarization
f. Voltage regulated potassium
Answer:
1. Potassium
2. increasing towards zero
3. hyperpolarization
4. voltage-regulated Potassium
Explanation:
Membrane potential can be defined as the difference in electric charges inside and outside of a cell. The resting membrane potential (RMP) occurs when there is no net current across the membrane and therefore the cell is in a non-excited state. At the RMP, sodium ions (Na+) are more concentrated inside the extracellular fluid (ECF) than inside the intracellular fluid (ICF), while potassium ions (K+) are more concentrated inside the ICF. The diffusion of K+ outside the cell triggers its hyperpolarization, by becoming the membrane potential more negative compared to the resting potential. As the potential nears +35 mV, the voltage-regulated potassium channels are open, thereby K+ ions leave the cell down its concentration gradient, while voltage-gated Na+ channels become saturated and inactivate.
Part C: Take Notes In a separate location, take notes from the sources you have identified. The notes will provide details for your presentation. While taking notes from texts and websites, use these reading strategies. In the space provided, write four pieces of information that you intend to use in your presentation. im to lazy to write the notes
Answer:
I do that sometimes I take notes in a separate location so is this like for your math homework cuz I am good enough but I don't like it that much but I'm good at it and sources identify things that will the source is like a key a key like you can open and close the door with and you're opening the key with the source so it really really really really and wouldn't be a good thing to take notes wherever you go like if you were writing a book you would want the source and the emotion and everything you wanted to buy
The wavy vertical arrows represent water's introduction into which of Earth's systems?
a.atmosphere
b.biosphere
c.geosphere
d.hydrosphere
Answer:
B Biosphere is the system in which the arrows represent waters intro.
Amino acids are the building blocks of which class of macro molecules
Answers
1)protiens
2)lipids
3)carbohydrates
4)nucleotides
Answer:
proteins
Explanation:
they can also form enzymes ( all enzymes are proteins)
Which of the following models describes the way in which DNA Replication occurs?
semiconservative
dispersive
random
conservative
Answer:
semiconservative
Explanation:
The semiconservative model of DNA replication states that only one DNA strand is used as template for the synthesis of the other new strands. In DNA replication, the DNA molecule is first unwind into a replication fork containing two single strands of DNA.
After unwinding, DNA polymerase synthesizes new complementary strands of DNA using each of the old strands. So in essence, the two DNA molecules after replication consists of one old and one new strand of DNA. This is basically the semi-conservative model of DNA replication.
True during development the skeleton of a fetus is made of cartilage which is converted to bone before birth
Answer:
Early in gestation, a fetus has a cartilaginous skeleton that becomes bone in ... At birth, a newborn baby has over 300 bones, while on average an adult human has 206 bones ... It is composed of fibers and granular cells in a matrix. ... The hypertrophic chondrocytes (before apoptosis) secrete vascular endothelial cell growth ...
Explanation
n:When does the fetal cartilage turn to bone?
Key milestones in fetal bone development
Weeks pregnant Milestone
7 weeks Bone outlines for entire skeleton established; cartilage is forming
8 weeks Somites disappear; joints start forming
10 weeks Bone tissue forms and starts hardening (ossification)
16 weeks Your baby can move his limbs
ADN là gì ?hihihihihihihihihi
Answer:
DNA là phân tử mang thông tin di truyền quy định mọi hoạt động sống của các sinh vật và nhiều loài virus
Explanation:
Activated macrophages and neutrophils release cytokinin, signaling molecules that enhance the immune response Select one: True False
its true that cytokinin released by macrophages boost immunity
What would happen to the weight of an ice cub if it melted?
A) it would weigh a little more.
B) it would weigh a lot less.
C) it would weigh the same.
D) it would weigh a lot more.
Answer:
C. it would weigh the same
Explanation:
The mass of the ice doesn't change as the ice melts, so the volume displaced remains the same whether its is solid or liquid.
If a DNA sample were composed of 15% adenine, what would be the percentage of thymine?
a. 15.
b. 30.
c. 35.
d. 50.
Answer:
C: 35
Explanation:
if DNA molecule contains 15% adenine then C and G will constitute 70%,of which guanine will be 35%
When a new volcanic island is formed, what type of succession would you see? Describe some things that might happen.
Answer:
primary succession
Explanation:
you would start to see bacteria, fungi and lichens grow as the pioneer species.
How are cells able to guarantee that are DNA is always replicated correctly every time? 
Help will give brainl
Most enzymes can function within a rather broad pH range, approximately 3-12.
True or false?
Which of the following are differences between DNA and RNA? Mark all that apply.
a- DNA nucleotides include: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thymine
b- RNA nucleotides include: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Uracil
c- DNA normally exists as double stranded
d- RNA normally exists as single stranded
e- RNA normally exists as double stranded
f- DNA normally exists as single stranded
g- The sugar in DNA is a ribose
h- The sugar in RNA is a deoxyribose
Answer:
The correct answer is - a, b, c, d, g and h.
Explanation:
DNA and RNA both are nucleic acids and have considered genetic materials. There are certain difference in these molecules such as-
Different sugars present in the nucleotide, Deoxyribose sugar in DNA and ribose sugar in RNA.
There are different nitrogenous bases also present as RNA has uracil instead of thymine.
DNA normally found in double-stranded while RNA exists in single-stranded.
What type of graph can show positive correlation, negative correlation, or no
correlation?
Answer:
A scatter plot shows all of those
Explanation:
Hypothesize and diagnose the impact of variability on enzyme ability
Discuss how the concept of "survival of the fittest" was developed and what it means.
Explanation:
Survival of the fittest is a phrase that originated from Darwinian evolutionary theory as a way of describing the mechanism of natural selection.In On the Origin of Species, he introduced the phrase in the fifth edition published in 1869, intending it to mean "better designed for an immediate, local environment".
Answer:
there right^
Explanation:
edge22
A red blood cell has an intracellular concentration of 300 mOsM of nonpenetrating solute. What best describes a solution containing 100 mM NaCl and 150 mM urea relative to the red cell?
The solution is hypertonic to a solution containing 100 mM NaCl and 150 mM urea relative to red blood cell.
The term "hypertonic" refers to a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution. In this case, the solution containing 100 mM NaCl and 150 mM urea has a higher concentration of solutes than the intracellular concentration of the red blood cell, which is 300 mOsM of nonpenetrating solute.
The concept of tonicity is important in understanding how solutions affect cells. When a solution is hypertonic to a cell, it means that there is a greater osmotic pressure outside the cell than inside. In this specific scenario, the hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes (NaCl and urea) than the red blood cell's internal nonpenetrating solute concentration.
As a result, water molecules will tend to move from an area of lower solute concentration (inside the cell) to an area of higher solute concentration (outside the cell) in an attempt to equalize the concentration on both sides of the cell membrane. This movement of water out of the cell can lead to cell shrinkage or crenation, which occurs when the cell's volume decreases due to water loss.
In summary, the solution containing 100 mM NaCl and 150 mM urea is hypertonic to the red blood cell because it has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell's internal nonpenetrating solute concentration, leading to water movement out of the cell and potential cell shrinkage.
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