PLEASE HELP! huntington’s disease (HD) is prevalent South Africa. Most of the families with HD have Dutch or British ancestry, which suggests they inherited the European HD allele. HD is believed to have first arrived in South Africa more than 300 years ago when Dutch colonists settled into the Western Cape in the 1600s. Thus, the prevalence of HD in South Africa is the result of the founder effect.

Mutations in the HTT gene cause Huntington’s disease. The HTT gene provides instructions for making a protein called huntintin. This protein plays a role in nerve cells in the brain. The HTT mutation that causes HD involves a DNA segment known as a CAG trinucleotide repeat. This segment is made up of a series of three DNA building blocks that appear multiple times in a row. Normally, the CAG segment is repeated 10 to 35 times within the gene. In people with HD, the CAG segment is repeated 36 to more than 120 times. An increase in the size of the CAG segment leads to the production of an abnormally long version of the huntintin protein. This causes the dysfunction and eventual death of neurons in certain areas of the brain. The more repeats, the more serious the disease is.

HD is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. There is both an adult onset (after reproductive age) and a juvenile onset pattern. People with adult onset typically have 40 to 50 repeats, while people with the juvenile form tend to have more than 60 repeats. Individuals who have 27 to 35 repeats do not develop HD, but they are at risk of having children who will develop the disorder. As the gene is passed on to offspring, the size of the repeat may lengthen into the range associated with HD.

Predict what will happen to the allele frequencies for Huntington’s disease in South Africa if there were a new mutation to the HTT gene that causes a reduction to the CAG trinucleotide repeat. Justify your prediction with evidence. Your response should include links to the sources of information gathered.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

If there were a new mutation to the HTT gene that causes a reduction to the CAG trinucleotide repeat, the allele frequency for Huntington's disease would decrease in South Africa. HD is caused by too many repeats of the CAG segment causing an abnormally long version of the huntintin protein which becomes deadly. so if the number of repeats is reduced then the person is more likely to not have Huntington's disease. If they do still develop Huntington's disease, it will be more likely to be adult onset and they will still have an opportunity to reproduce offspring which may carry the trait for reduced CAG.


Related Questions

FAKE ANSWERS WILL GET REPORTED.

PLEASE HELP !!!! ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST !!!

PLEASE HELP !!!! ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST !!!

PLEASE HELP !!!! ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST !!!


PLEASE HELP !!!! ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST !!!

Answers

Answer:

a.

Explanation: i had this in a social studies test before its a

Answer:

IN my opinion, it should be B

Explanation:

Please help!!!!!!!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

253.585 square inches

Explanation:

The figure can be decomposed into 2 rectangles and a quarter circle.

Area of the figure = area of rectangle 1 + area of rectangle 2 + area of ¼(circle)

✔️Area of rectangle 1 = Length × width

Length = 10 in

Width = 6 in

Area of rectangle 1 = 10*6 = 60 in²

✔️Area of rectangle 2 = Length × width

Length = 10 in

Width = 6 + 7 = 13 in

Area of rectangle 2 = 10*13 = 130 in²

✔️Area of ¼(circle) = ¼(πr²)

r = 9 in

π = 3.14

Area of ¼(circle) = ¼(3.14*9²) = 63.585 in²

✅Area of the figure = 60 + 130 + 63.585 = 253.585 square inches

Globalization of the economy is increasing because of which of these factors? O A. Agreements limiting immigration OB. A decrease in international travel O C. Treaties expanding international trade O D. A decrease in demand for resources​

Answers

Answer:

C is the best answer

Explanation:

This answer makes the most sense in the context of globalization.

Globalization of economy is increasing because of Treaties expanding international trades .

What is globalization ?

The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale can be referred as Globalization.

What are the factors of economic globalization?

Three suggested factors accelerated economic globalization:

advancement of science and technology, market oriented economic reforms contributions by multinational corporations.

Globalization of economy is increasing because of treaties expanding international trades .

Hence ,option C is correct

To learn more about globalization herehttps://brainly.com/question/15283031

#SPJ2

Please help, thank you

Answers

Answer: what does the question say i cant see the attachment?

Explanation:

Answer: 3. anticodon, 4. amino acid, 5. In stage one, glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm of the cell in a process called glycolysis. 6. The process of gene expression involves two main stages: Transcription: the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase, and the processing of the resulting mRNA molecule. 7. 64. 8. One codon, AUG, specifies the amino acid methionine and also acts as a start codon to signal the start of protein construction. There are three more codons that do not specify amino acids. These stop codons, UAA, UAG, and UGA, tell the cell when a polypeptide is complete. 9. In the process of translation, the mRNA attaches to a ribosome. Next, tRNA molecules shuttle the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome, one-by-one, coded by sequential triplet codons on the mRNA, until the protein is fully synthesized. When completed, the mRNA detaches from the ribosome, and the protein is released. plzz mark brainliest

Explanation:

What does Hemoglobin pick up once it has given up all its oxygen molecules?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon

Answers

Answer:

Carbon dioxide

Explanation:

Hb has been observed in the epithelial cells of human tissues including lungs neurons retina and. endometrium our group has recently demonstrated tha Hd is expressed by the cervicovaginal epithelial cells.

which of the following events does not occur in spermatogenesis ​

Answers

Answer:

The mitochondria and Golgi apparatus are packaged into the head of the sperm.

Explanation:

Spermatogenesis is the production of male germ cells. Sufficient stimulation with sex hormones, especially testosterone, and a lower temperature, which is achieved by placing the testicles in the scrotum, are required for the correct course of spermatogenesis. Sperm production has three phases: reproductive, growth and maturation. At the beginning of sperm development are spermatogonia, which are male primordial cells. They have a spherical shape and are located at the edges of the seminal canals. Spermatogonia is mitotically divided. On the one hand, in order to preserve their numbers, and on the other hand, their division produces primary spermatocytes, which lie above the layer of spermatogonia. Primary spermatocytes are diploid, but after the first meiotic division, haploid secondary spermatocytes are formed from them. They still have double chromatids, so a second meiotic division soon occurs, the product of which is spermatids. Spermatids are already fully haploid and do not divide further. Spermatids then undergo a process of spermiogenesis, in which the nucleus condenses, forming a flagellum and losing most of the cytoplasm and some organelles. Immature sperm travel through the seed-forming canals to the epididymis, where they are definitively matured. This whole process takes about 72 days.

Which of the following does NOT occur during interphase?

1.each chromosome replicates

2.the nucleus disappears

3.microtubules extend from centrosomes

4.centrosomes are duplicated​

Answers

Answer:

The nucleus disappears

Explanation:

The nucleus does not disappear in interphase but instead, the cell grows and splits to make another duplicate of the cell. Which means the cell will also split to make another duplicate nucleus.

If an organism has a diploid number of 54, how many chromosomes will be in each of its gametes?
a. 54
b. 52
c. 27
d. 104
e. 108

Answers

The answer to this question is D

There will be 27 chromosomes in each of its gametes.

Meiosis is also called reductional division, in the process s-ex cells, that is, sperm and egg are produced, and each cell has the half number of chromosomes than its parent cells.

• In the given case, the organism is diploid with 54 chromosomes, that is, 2n = 54.

• Here n is the haploid number of chromosomes, in the given case, n = 27, that is, the haploid number of chromosomes is 27.

• Therefore, the sperm and egg cells have 27 number of chromosomes each.

Thus, the correct answer is option c, that is, 27.

To know more about:

https://brainly.com/question/23874505

When a light in turned on which change takes place?
A. Electrical energy moves from P to K
B. Electrical energy moves from K to P
C. Magnetic energy moves from P to K
D. Magnetic energy moves from K to P
(Btw I’ll give points + brainalist)

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

The production of red blood cells is regulated by a feedback loop involving erythropoietin. In non-disease states, the production of red blood cells is equal to the destruction of red blood cells, thus maintaining sufficient red blood cells to deliver adequate oxygen to the body's tissues. However, when the number of red blood cells decrease and oxygen levels are low, erythropoietin is produced by the liver and kidneys to increase the production of red blood cells. Is this a positive or negative feedback loop

Answers

Answer:

Negative feedback.

Explanation:

The production of erythropoietin by the liver and kidneys is a negative feedback because with the production of erythropoietin, our body tends to move to become more stable state. The erythropoietin is produced by the liver and kidneys to increase the production of red blood cells if the quantity of red blood cells are lower than the normal range. If the number of red blood cells are decreases the oxygen level in our body is low that leads to unstable condition of the body but when the concentration of red blood cells increases, the body move towards stability.

The above graph shows how temperature affects the rate of a reaction that uses the catalase enzyme. What trend is shown by the graph?
A.
Between zero and twenty-seven degrees Celsius, the rate of the reaction increases as the temperature increases.
B.
Between thirty-seven and sixty degrees Celsius, the rate of the reaction increases as the temperature increases.
C.
Between zero and twenty-seven degrees Celsius, the rate of the reaction decreases as the temperature increases.
D.
Between sixty and one hundred degrees Celsius, the rate of the reaction decreases as the temperature increases.

Answers

Answer:

the answer is A.

Explanation:

B and C are wrong because they are describing the opposite of what is happening in the graph. D is wrong because there is no change in the reaction rate between 60 degrees and 100 degrees.

The rate of the reaction rises with temperature between zero and twenty-seven degrees Celsius, hence option A is correct.

How does enzyme activity is affected?

At various temperatures, catalase functions in different ways. The catalase enzyme becomes more active as the temperature rises from 0°C to about 30°C Up to 100°C, and catalase activity declines as the temperature rises.

The hydrogen bonds between molecules of hydrogen peroxide relax as the temperature rises toward the optimal point, facilitating catalase's reaction with the molecules.

Temperature raising speeds up a process, and lowering temperature slows it down. If the temperature rises over the optimal range, the enzyme denatures and its structure is destroyed.

Therefore, but extremely high temperatures can denature an enzyme, causing it to lose its form and cease functioning. Every enzyme has a preferred pH range, hence option A is correct.

Learn more about enzymes, here:

https://brainly.com/question/13529188

#SPJ2

PSYCH Having a family history involving anxiety disorder, experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, or having a history of abuse are all __________ of anxiety disorders.
A. common symptoms
B. risk factors
C. causes
D. thinking styles

Answers

The answer is B. RISK FACTORS

Having a family history involving anxiety disorder, experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, or having a record of abuse are all risk factors of anxiety disorders.

Which type of anxiety disorder could be connected to traumatic past events?

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a cognitive health disorder that's begun by a scary event either sharing it or witnessing it.

Signs may include flashbacks, demons and severe anxiety, as well as unruly thoughts about the affair.

Thus, option "B"  risk factors is correct.

To learn more about anxiety disorder click here:

https://brainly.com/question/1049467

#SPJ2

A massive flood tears out many trees in a wooded area. What would you expect the area to look like a year later?
A.
A new species of trees will be about half grown.
B.
Grasses and weeds will be growing in the sunny areas.
C.
It will look exactly like it did before the flood.
D.
There will not be any plants growing the first year.

Answers

The best answer is B, the reason why secondary succession happens much faster than primary succession is because the oil is already there, once the oil is there- with enough sunlight- grass and weeds will grow easily within the span of a year.

Answer:

b

Explanation:

URGENT WILL GIVE BRAINLINESS
Choose one of the following scenarios and answer the questions provided. Support your answers using scientific reasoning and discussing possible impacts to individuals, society, and the environment. Be sure to also discuss any medical or ethical issues that may apply. (10 points)
Scenario 1:

Genetic engineering can be used to create more productive strains of farm animals. By adding genes to an animal's DNA, the animal can be made to produce milk or meat containing vital nutrients that would not be found naturally in those products. This provides a greater amount of nutrients per serving of milk or meat.

Do you think that this type of genetic engineering should be pursued? Explain your answer. (5 points)

What are some possible impacts (positive and negative) of this type of genetic engineering on individuals, society, and the environment? (5 points)

Scenario 2:

In the future, doctors may be able to evaluate your DNA to check for genetic markers related to specific medical conditions or harmful reactions to medications. Your personalized genetic profile could be kept on record and referred to in order to develop personal medical treatment based on your unique DNA sequencing. Scientists have found that just small variations in a specific section of your DNA can help determine how well some medications can work for you or if they would be beneficial at all.

Would you want to have your DNA profile kept in your medical record as a reference for your doctors? Explain your answer. (2 points)

What are potential pros and cons of having such tests done and referring to DNA sequences when determining a patient's medical treatment? (5 points)

Describe how the availability of this technology might affect the frequency of genetic diseases in individuals and populations. (3 points)

Answers

Scenario 2:
Question 1:
I would want to have my DNA profile kept in a medical record for doctors to see, because if anything ever happens to me, and they need a reading of my DNA they have it available.
Question 2:
There are definitely pros and cons for having tests done and referring to DNA sequences when trying to refer to a patient's medical treatment. A pro would be that doing this it gives a lot of information about your DNA, and it provides helpful information so if doctors ever needed to perform treatment, that would be a good source for them to go too. A con would be if you ever have a treatment done, and scientists refer to your DNA sequence and proscribe medicine, they won't know how you will react to the medicine, and if it will work.
Question 3:
Having this technology now will definitely help us pin-point any genetic diseases in individuals, because of the copies of their DNA.

Answer:

i tried my best (so many questions on scenario 2)

Explanation:

scenario 1: there are many positive and negative possible impacts that come with genetic engineering. A very negative outcome could come from just one mistake.  But if there was a way to ensure that nothing could go wrong than the outcome would be an healthy new meat or milk that's packed with nutrients.

scenario 2:  I think if this was a real thing i would be completely for it. If a person was to get their DNA checked then doctors would be able to prescribe a medication that would fit you. this could also prevent any allergic reactions to and medications or treatments.

I personally would want my DNA profile kept on record so that i can be treated with the right medications for me.

(The potential list pros and cons would probally look like this)

          PROS

Makes for better treatmentCan show genetic markers related to specific medical conditions or                                                                   harmful reactions to medications.can help determine how well some medications can work for you or if they would be beneficial at all.

            CONS

DNA screening may not show all conditionspatient may not be able to get treated if their condition is unknownSomething could go wrong during the screening a wrong treatment may be administered as a result.

After a carnivore feeds on an organism, the rest of the dead body is __________.
Select one:

eaten by parasites

used by producers

invaded by viruses

consumed by decomposers

Answers

The correct answer would be D

After a carnivore feeds on an organism, the rest of the dead body is: D. consumed by decomposers.

What is a carnivore?

A carnivore is also referred to as a carnivorous animal and it can be defined as a type of animal whose food and energy requirements are primarily derived from animal products, especially by hunting and scavenging.

This ultimately implies that, a carnivore is an animal that only feeds on other animals such as deers, cows, zebras, rather than grasses or plants.

In conclusion, decomposers are a group of microorganism such as fungi and bacteria, that consumes the rest of the body of a dead or decaying organism after a carnivore has fed on it.

Read more on carnivore here: brainly.com/question/13571764

What is the BEST description of the beginning of secondary succession?
(a)Soil is already present.
(b)It begins on rock formations.
(c)Plants are already present.
(d)Pioneer species appear.

Answers

Answer:

C,,, Plants are already present.

Explanation:

Answer:

Plants are already present.

Explanation:

Why do males determine the sex of the offspring in humans?
1
they have testosterone
they have two different sex chromosomes
they have no sex chromosomes
males do not determine the sex of offspring in humans
o they have two of the same sex chromosomes

Answers

Answer:

males do not determine the sex of offspring

Explanation:

this question lacks intellectual merit on multiple levels of analysis

Transcribe the following DNA strand: ATGCATTGCGAT

Answers

Translation: UACGUAACGCUA
Transcription: tyr, val, thr, leu
5′ CAGTCAAGCAT 3′

Explanation: This sequence is complementary and in the correct orientation.

What is not a job of the skin tissue?
Regulates body temperature
O Protects interior of the body
Contains nerves to sense external environment
O Provides support for bones

Answers

Answer:

provides support for bones

Explain what lyell and Darwin did to contribute to the theory of evolution

Answers

Answer:

so he can evolve humanity

Explanation:

help i’m lost i have no clue what this is

Answers

The rest position is NRSF

Any trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce under a given set of environmental conditions

Answers

Answer:

tempature and time

Explanation:

what is a scienctific theory

Answers

Answer:

" A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment. Such fact-supported theories are not "guesses" but reliable accounts of the real world."

Explanation:

- Eijiro <3

WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST

NO LINKS NO LINKS NO LINKS

The immune system is the body's defense against infectious organisms and other invaders. Your immune system works by recognizing the difference between your body's cells and alien cells, allowing it to destroy anything that could be potentially harmful. Active and passive immunity play an important role in keeping you healthy.

What is the difference between passive and active immunity? (SC.912. L.14.52)

A. Naturally acquired active immunity occurs when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune while naturally acquired passive immunity occurs during pregnancy, in which certain antibodies are passed from the maternal into the fetal bloodstream

B. Both passive and active immunity are interchangeable

C. Passive and active immunity are both 1st line of defenses

D. Passive immunity occurs when a person is exposed to a virus and active immunity occurs when the immunity is passed on through breast feeding

Answers

Answer:

The answer would be A

Which of the following best describes how the RNA sequence specifies the production of an amino acid chain?

A.
Each individual RNA base codes for three amino acids.

B.
Each group of three RNA bases codes for an enzyme that connects amino acids.

C.
Each individual RNA base codes for a ribosome location where amino acids are assembled.

D.
Each group of three RNA bases codes for a specific amino acid.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is B Each group of three RNA bases codes for an enzyme that connects amino acids.

Look at the graph below. Which of the following stars is most likely to be red? (5 points) a Star A b Star B c Star C d Star D

Answers

Answer:

????

Explanation:

Hey! I hope you had a great day so far :)

But uh...

I cannot answer that question for you.

There are no "stars" and definitely no graph on a file attached.

Sorry!

Helper's Message:

Hey, I hope you can give me a Brainliest :)

-ChocoChocoCho

Answer:

?????

Explanation:

you didn't add the graph but I'm sure that you will figure the answer out I believe in you. have a great day and 2022

Explain why atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide are expected to increase in the future.

Answers

Answer:

because of factories and cars and smoking

Explanation:

What does inflammation lead to allow white blood cells to find the
infection and the release of cytokines?

Answers

because then you get a infection

How are spring tides different from Neap Tides. Give at least 2 reasons _______

Answers

Answer:

Seven days after a spring tide, the sun and moon are at right angles to each other. This produces moderate tides known as neap tides, meaning that high tides are a little lower and low tides are a little higher than average. Neap tides occur during the first and third quarter moon, when the moon appears "half full.

Which gene may play a role in patterning the forelimb?

Answers

Answer: Posterior HoxA and HoxD genes play important roles in patterning along the proximodistal axis of the forelimb (10–13). They also are required for activating and maintaining Shh expression in the developing forelimb (6, 7). mark brainliest

Explanation:

Other Questions
i need help with this i suck at angles It's summer sale time! All womens' sandals and sunglasses are half off through the end of August. What is the length of a segment with endpoints (2, 5) and (10, 11) *5 units8 units10 units14 units What do you think is the moral or lesson of this myth? How would you sayI arrive at the airport in Santiago, Chile. I want to get to know El Palacio de la Moneda. I am going to travel to the Andes Mountains by train. The French Valley is in Torres del Paine, Chile, and I can hike in the mountains. Chile is very fun, and I am very happy with my vacation.In Spanish I sick at this Figure shows the combined production function of Angela and Bruno.If the government introduces a new social welfare program to cater to the poor of the society, wherein the reservation wage increases from 2 bushels of wheat to 6 bushels of wheat how would you model the situation? Draw a new diagram to show the impact of this welfare program and comment on who do you think would benefit from this intervention? Additionally, does the outcome of this intervention results in an allocation which is a pareto efficient one? Explain your reasoning. (Please Make sure your diagram is fully labelled) Decide if the following definite article and noun agreement is CORRECT or INCORRECT.los profesorasCorrectIncorrect A bill of $424 was paid with $5 bills and $2 bills. A total of 128 bills were used. Howmany of them were fives? To whom is Paine addressing his essay ? With a partner , discuss those characteristics of Paine's writing that make his essay effective for his audience Cite specific textual evidence from the essay to support your ideas. Describe the translation between the blue pre-image and the Maroon image.(Multiple Choice In image) The quadratic function is given in both its standard and factored form below The evaporator:A. directs airflow to the condenser.B. absorbs heat from the passenger compartment.C. removes moisture from the refrigerant.D. restricts refrigerant flow. 4(x+2)=4x+8 need help escribir tres oraciones y subraya la frase nominal ILL GIVE BRAINLY TO WHOEVER HELPS ASAP Which sentence is correct?My favorite cookies are oreos.myfavorite cookies are oreos.My favorite cookies are Oreos.My favorite Cookies are Oreos. what is one difference between ion channels and ion pumps Which three southern states had the smallest percentage of white people? Where do winds come from? Explain your answer.'' x=1 and y=32x+3y-2plsss helpp