Problem 1: Brian Adams, the manager of the company Design-Plus is upgrading his ERP software. The high-performance software (ORACLE) can be rented for $3.000 per month per computer workstation. The standard-performance software (SAP) can be rented for $2,000 per month per computer workstation. The productivity figures that he has available suggest that the ORACLE software is faster for his kind of design. Therefore, with the ORACLE software he would needs engineers; whereas with the SAP software he would need 6 engineers. Each engineet requires one computer workstation. Please use a variable cost of $200 per drawing for the ORACLE system, and use $400 per drawing for the SAP system. You do NOT need to show your work. There is NO partial credits for any mistake (i.e., each answer is either right or wrong). Q.1.A. What is the point of Indifference in this problem? Q.1.B. At his projected volume of 68 drawings/month, which system should Brian Adams rent (ORACLE or SAP) to get the lowest total cost?

Answers

Answer 1

Compare the total costs of using the ORACLE and SAP systems at a projected volume of 68 drawings per month. The system with the lowest total cost should be chosen.

Q.1.A. The point of indifference in this problem refers to the level of productivity or volume at which the total costs of using one system become equal to the total costs of using the other system. In other words, it is the point at which the costs of renting and operating the ORACLE system are equal to the costs of renting and operating the SAP system.

Q.1.B. To determine which system Brian Adams should rent at a projected volume of 68 drawings per month, we need to compare the total costs of using the ORACLE and SAP systems.

For the ORACLE system:

Rental cost per month = $3,000 per workstation

Variable cost per drawing = $200 per drawing

Number of engineers required = Number of workstations required = 68

Total rental cost for ORACLE = Rental cost per workstation * Number of workstations

                                = $3,000 * 68

Total variable cost for ORACLE = Variable cost per drawing * Number of drawings

                                     = $200 * 68

Total cost for ORACLE = Total rental cost for ORACLE + Total variable cost for ORACLE

Repeat the same calculations for the SAP system:

Rental cost per month = $2,000 per workstation

Variable cost per drawing = $400 per drawing

Number of engineers required = Number of workstations required = 6

Total rental cost for SAP = Rental cost per workstation * Number of workstations

                             = $2,000 * 6

Total variable cost for SAP = Variable cost per drawing * Number of drawings

                                  = $400 * 68

Total cost for SAP = Total rental cost for SAP + Total variable cost for SAP

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Related Questions

On January 1, 2020, Skysong Company sold 12% bonds having a maturity value of $450,000 for $484,117, which provides the bondholders with a 10% yield. The bonds are dated January 1, 2020, and mature January 1, 2025, with interest payable December 31 of each year. Skysong Company allocates interest and unamortized discount or premium on the effective-interest basis.
(a) Prepare the journal entry at the date of the bond issuance. (Round answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 38,548. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.) Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit January 1, 2020

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The journal entry for the bond issuance can be prepared as shown below: Date Account Titles Debit Credit January 1, 2020Cash received from bondholders$484,117Bonds Payable$450,000Premium on Bonds Payable$34,117Total$484,117$484,117Here, the bonds are sold at a premium. The premium is calculated as follows: Premium on bonds payable = Selling price - Face value= $484,117 - $450,000= $34,117.

A journal is a chronological record of all financial transactions of a business. It serves as the first step in the accounting process, where transactions are initially recorded before being posted to the general ledger. The journal entry includes the date, accounts affected, and corresponding debit and credit amounts.

Each transaction is recorded using the double-entry system, which means that every debit must have a corresponding credit of equal value. This ensures that the accounting equation (assets = liabilities + equity) remains in balance.

The journal provides a detailed audit trail of financial activities and serves as a source document for preparing financial statements. It helps track and analyze business transactions, ensures accuracy in recording, and facilitates financial reporting and analysis.

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Your Friends' Questions Company Overview 1. Big Rock is a publicly-traded corporation. If I want to become a shareholder in Big Rock, what advantages does this legal form offer to me? 2. Who are the other main users of the financial statements? (Hint: Consider how the total assets of Big Rock have been "financed" other than through shareholder investment.) 3. Is Big Rock a Merchandiser, Manufacturer, or a Service-Based Company? What indicators exist on the Statement of Financial Position to support your answer? 4. What types of long-term assets has Big Rock invested in to operate its business? 5. What "risks" or competitive pressures would impact Big Rock's operations? Think of industry trends, substitute products, seasonality, and other market forces. The Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 6. What is Big Rock's revenue recognition policy? 7. Is Big Rock profitable? What is "quality of earnings"? Does Big Rock have quality earnings? 8. I've noticed that net sales revenue has increased in total dollars, but I'm wondering what Big Rock's profitability looks like when factoring out "size" due to growth. I've heard profitability ratios can allow for this. Could you calculate & explain the following ratios to me? a. Gross Margin Ratio b. Profit Margin Ratio c. Return on Equity d. Return on Assets Are the trends favorable or unfavorable? Why? What reasons could have accounted for these changes? 9. Earnings Per Share (EPS) is disclosed at the bottom of the Statement of Comprehensive Income. What does this mean? Why was the EPS for 2017 negative? The Cash Flow Statement 10. What information does the cash flow statement provide that is different from the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income? And how does this relate to analyzing the quality of earnings of Big Rock? 11. What type of cash flow pattern does Big Rock have in the current and the prior year? Are there any items of concern that I should be aware of? Or is management doing a good job in handling the cash of the business? The Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 12. What is meant by the term "capital structure"? 13. Calculate and explain the following ratios for the current & the prior year: a. Debt Ratio b. Equity Ratio c. Interest Coverage Ratio Is the change in each ratio favorable or unfavorable? How does this relate to overall risk with respect to investing in the shares of Big Rock? (Hint: Consider the pro's & cons of debt versus equity financing in your discussion.) 14. In the Equity section of the Statement of Financial Position, I see negative numbers for 2018 and 2017 called Accumulated Deficit? What does this mean? 15. What is liquidity and how is Big Rock doing with its liquidity position this year? Is it better or worse than last year? Calculate and explain the following ratios: a. Current Ratio b. Quick Ratio 16. Cash flows from regular operations are dependent on the ability to sell inventory and collect cash on credit sales. How many days on average would it take for Big Rock to sell finished goods inventory and collect cash from credit customers? Calculate and explain the following ratios: a. Days to Sell Inventory b. Average Collection Period Note to Students: Use ending balances for receivables and inventory balances instead of average balances. Also, for 13(0), do not include inventory related to raw materials, containers, or brews in progress as only completed brews would be sold to customers. 17. Note 11 to the financial statements shows an A/R Aging. What is this? Are there any items of concern when you examine the A/R Aging in 2018 relative to the prior year? Overall Conclusion 18. Overall, based on your analysis, should I purchase Big Rock shares? Or is this investment too risky? Explain your reasoning.

Answers

10. The cash flow statement is an essential part of a company's financial statement. It provides information about the company's cash inflows and outflows from operations, investing, and financing activities.

Unlike the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, the cash flow statement focuses on cash transactions rather than accounting transactions. It helps to understand the quality of earnings because it shows where the cash is coming from and how it is being used.

11. Big Rock has a positive cash flow pattern in both the current and prior years. It generated a net cash inflow of CAD 34,930 in 2018 and CAD 33,602 in 2017 from operating activities.

It invested CAD 1,314 in 2018 and CAD 2,548 in 2017 in property, plant, and equipment, which shows that management is doing a good job of investing in the growth of the business. It financed its activities primarily through cash inflows from operating activities rather than borrowing, which indicates that it has good cash flow management.

12. Capital structure refers to the mix of debt and equity financing used by a company to fund its operations.

14.  Accumulated deficits can also arise from other factors such as write-offs of intangible assets or changes in accounting policies. It is a concern for investors because it indicates that the company has not generated sufficient profits to sustain its operations and growth.

15. Big Rock has a good liquidity position this year, as shown by the following ratios: Current ratio = Current assets / Current liabilities. Quick ratio = (Cash + Marketable securities + Accounts receivable) / Current liabilitiesThe current ratio measures the company's ability to pay its short-term obligations using its current assets. The quick ratio is a more conservative measure of liquidity that excludes inventory from the calculation.

16. The following ratios can be calculated to determine how long it takes Big Rock to sell inventory and collect cash from credit customers: Days to sell inventory = (Inventory / Cost of goods sold) x 365 Average collection period = (Accounts receivable / Net credit sales) x 365Days to sell inventory measures the number of days it takes for the company to sell its inventory.

A low days-to-sell inventory ratio is favorable because it indicates that the company is selling its inventory quickly. The average collection period measures the number of days it takes for the company to collect cash from its credit customers.

A low average collection period is favorable because it indicates that the company is collecting its receivables quickly. The ending balances for receivables and inventory balances should be used instead of average balances. For the calculation of the average collection period, only accounts receivable related to net credit sales should be used.

17. A/R aging is a report that shows how long the company's accounts receivable have been outstanding and how much is owed by each customer.

It is used to determine how quickly the company is collecting its receivables and to identify any potential bad debts. There are no items of concern when examining the A/R aging in 2018 relative to the prior year.

The average collection period has improved slightly, which indicates that the company is collecting its receivables more quickly.

18. Based on the analysis, it is recommended to purchase Big Rock shares because the company has good profitability, liquidity, and solvency ratios. It has a positive cash flow pattern and is investing in long-term assets to grow the business.

The company has a good capital structure, with a reasonable mix of debt and equity financing. It has a good revenue recognition policy and has quality earnings. Although there are some risks and competitive pressures in the industry, the company has managed to maintain its position and profitability.

Overall, Big Rock is a good investment opportunity for investors who are looking for growth and income.

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When an investment is sold for more than its cost basis. Multiple Choice this results in a taxable loss this results in a taxable gain D the result will be recorded as en Unreakzed Holding Gain or Loss on investment on the income statement the result will not have an impact on the income statement

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When an investment is sold for more than its cost basis, the gain will be included in the income or loss calculation for the period in which the investment was sold.

This results in a taxable gain.

Selling an investment for a higher amount than its cost basis generates a profit, which is considered a taxable gain. This gain is subject to capital gains tax and should be reported on the individual or business's tax return.

The other options provided are not accurate:

This does not result in a taxable loss since a gain is realized. It is not recorded as an Unrealized Holding Gain or Loss on the income statement because the investment has been sold, and the gain is realized.

The result does have an impact on the income statement, as the gain will be included in the income or loss calculation for the period in which the investment was sold.

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You plan to spend the next four summers vacationing abroad. The first summer trip, which is
exactly one year away, will cost you $22000, the second-$27 500, the third- $33000, and the
fourth- $35000. You want to save for these vacations. How much should you deposit in your
account today so that you will have exactly enough to finance all the trips? The account pays
interest at 6%, compounding semi-annually.

Answers

The amount that should be deposited in the account today so that there will be enough to finance all the trips is $99,148.32.

To finance four future summer trips with specific costs, you need to determine the amount to deposit today. Given the costs of each trip and an interest rate of 6% compounded semi-annually, you can calculate the required deposit amount to cover all expenses.

To calculate the deposit amount needed today, we can use the concept of present value. The present value represents the current worth of future cash flows. In this case, the future cash flows are the costs of the four summer trips.

The formula to calculate the present value (PV) of a future sum of money (FV) is as follows:

PV = FV / (1 + i)n

where i is the interest rate per compounding period and n is the number of compounding periods.

The problem gives the future value of each vacation, the time between now and each vacation, and the interest rate. We need to find the amount we must deposit today to have enough to finance all the vacations.

We can calculate the present value (PV) of each vacation as follows:

PV1 = 22000 / (1 + 0.06/2)^(2*1) = 19616.45

PV2 = 27500 / (1 + 0.06/2)^(2*2) = 23253.81

PV3 = 33000 / (1 + 0.06/2)^(2*3) = 26996.47

PV4 = 35000 / (1 + 0.06/2)^(2*4) = 29381.59

The present value (PV) of all the vacations is the sum of the PV of each vacation:

PV_total = PV1 + PV2 + PV3 + PV4 = 99148.32

Therefore, the amount that should be deposited in the account is $99,148.32.

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Empirically, in recent decades, the evidence regarding growth is most accurately described by which of the following?
a. divergence has occurred among developed countries divergence has occurred among developing countries
b. divergence has occurred between the richest and poorest nations t
c. The richest and poorest nations have, on average, growing at roughly equal rates, neither converging nor diverging
d. convergence has taken place between the richest and poorest nations

Answers

Evidence regarding growth in recent decades is most accurately described by option C: Richest and poorest nations have, on average, been growing at roughly equal rates, neither converging nor diverging.

In recent decades, studies and empirical evidence have shown that there has been a reduction in the income gap between the richest and poorest nations. This trend is often referred to as "convergence." However, it is important to note that this convergence does not imply complete equality or the elimination of disparities. Rather, it suggests that the growth rates of the richest and poorest nations have been closer to each other compared to previous periods.

Numerous factors contribute to this phenomenon. Globalization, advancements in technology, increased access to information and knowledge, and improved governance and policies in developing countries have all played a role in promoting economic growth. As a result, many developing nations have experienced accelerated growth rates, narrowing the gap with the developed nations.

It is important to note that while overall convergence has taken place between the richest and poorest nations, there can still be variations within different groups of countries. Some developing countries may experience faster growth and catch up more quickly, while others may lag behind. Additionally, certain factors such as natural resource endowments, geopolitical circumstances, and political stability can influence the pace of convergence.

The empirical evidence suggests that in recent decades, the growth rates of the richest and poorest nations have been moving closer to each other, indicating a form of convergence. However, it is essential to recognize that variations exist within different groups of countries, and complete equality or eradication of disparities has not been achieved. The convergence observed signifies progress but does not imply a complete elimination of income gaps or disparities among nations.

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Question 3
Discuss the relative merits of the compensation test and social welfare function approaches to social cost benefit analysis (SCBA) as a means of making public investment decisions. Your answer should address both theoretical and practical considerations.

Answers

Social cost benefit analysis (SCBA) is used to evaluate whether public investment decisions are worth pursuing. There are different methods used to carry out this analysis, two of which are the compensation test and the social welfare function approaches. In this answer, we will be discussing the relative merits of these two methods.

The compensation test is a method used to evaluate whether an investment decision will benefit society as a whole. It considers the cost of the investment, the benefits it will bring, and whether the benefits are greater than the cost. If the benefits are greater than the cost, then the investment decision is deemed worthwhile. This approach is based on the assumption that individuals are the best judges of their own welfare and that their preferences should be respected. Therefore, the compensation test takes into account the willingness of individuals to pay for the benefits and the compensation they require if they are to bear the costs. The compensation test has the advantage of being easy to implement and being grounded in individuals’ preferences. However, this method has been criticized for its narrow scope of analysis, as it does not take into account the wider social impacts of an investment decision.
On the other hand, the social welfare function approach is a method that considers the impact of an investment decision on society as a whole. This approach uses a social welfare function to evaluate the impact of an investment decision on the welfare of society. The social welfare function takes into account the distribution of benefits and costs across society, including the effects on different groups. This approach has the advantage of being more comprehensive than the compensation test, as it considers the wider social impacts of an investment decision. However, this method is more difficult to implement, as it requires the estimation of the social welfare function, which can be subjective.
In conclusion, both the compensation test and the social welfare function approach have their relative merits. The compensation test has the advantage of being easy to implement and being grounded in individuals’ preferences, while the social welfare function approach has the advantage of being more comprehensive and taking into account the wider social impacts of an investment decision. The choice of method used to carry out social cost benefit analysis depends on the specific context of the investment decision being evaluated.

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Given the following data: Ę₁ = ¥105 = $1.00 Et+1=Y85 = $1.00 (one year later) Japan = 15% annually ius = 5% annually Calculate the future value of a $1,000 investment. If the $1000 is invested in the U.S., the future value is $ (Round your response to two decimal places

Answers

The future value of a $1,000 investment in the U.S. is $1,050. To calculate the future value of a $1,000 investment in the U.S., we can use the formula for compound interest:

FV = PV * (1 + r)^n

Where:

FV = Future Value

PV = Present Value (initial investment)

r = Interest rate

n = Number of compounding periods

From the given data, we have:

PV = $1,000

r = 5% (0.05 as a decimal)

Since the investment is for one year, n = 1.

Plugging in the values into the formula:

FV = $1,000 * (1 + 0.05)^1

FV = $1,000 * 1.05

FV = $1,050

Therefore, the future value of a $1,000 investment in the U.S. is $1,050.

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ay corporation's capital structure at december 31, year 1, was as follows: shares issued and outstanding common stock 200,000 nonconvertible preferred stock 50,000on october 1, year 2, fay issued a 10% stock dividend on its common stock, and paid $100,000 cash dividends on the preferred stock. net income for the year ended december 31, year 2, was $960,000. fay's year 2 earnings per common share should be a $3.91 b $4.10 c $4.36 d $4.68 show answer

Answers

Option (a) is the correct answer. $3.91 is the earnings per common share for Fay's year 2.

Given that on December 31, year 1, Ay Corporation's capital structure was as follows:

Shares issued and outstanding:

Common stock - 200,000

Nonconvertible preferred stock - 50,000

On October 1, year 2, Fay issued a 10% stock dividend on its common stock and paid $100,000 cash dividends on the preferred stock. Net income for the year ended December 31, year 2, was $960,000.

The first step to find out the earnings per common share is to find the total number of shares outstanding after the stock dividend.

Here, 10% stock dividend on common stock means the number of shares of common stock outstanding will increase by 10% after the dividend payment.

The increase in the number of shares of common stock outstanding = 10% × 200,000= 20,000

After the stock dividend, the total number of shares of common stock outstanding = 200,000 + 20,000 = 220,000

Therefore, the earnings per common share is given by:

Total earnings available to common stockholders/ Total number of shares of common stock outstanding

Earnings available to common stockholders = Net income – Preferred stock dividend paid= $960,000 - $100,000= $860,000

Therefore, Earnings per common share = (860,000 / 220,000) = $3.91

Hence, option (a) is the correct answer. $3.91 is the earnings per common share for Fay's year 2.

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FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1 [100 Marks) THE RISKS OF RIOTS AND CIVIL UNREST From January 2013 to 9 February 2014. South Africa recorded a staggering 430 service delivery protests - an average of 33 per month or one per day, according to the Institute for Security Studies. Gauteng leads by a massive margin in terms of violent protests, followed by KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo. At least 10 people have died during such protects, and both government and private property have been seriously damaged with protesters setting fire to government buildings, private properties, homes of government officials and vehicles caught in the fray. Standard insurance policies available through private sector insurers do not provide cover for damage to assets as a result of these types of events as they are precluded from underwriting these risks. Cover is available in South Africa through the state-owned insurer - Sasria SOC Limited. Sasria, which was originally founded to provide cover for politically motivated riots, covers damage caused by riot (both political and non-political), public disorder, including labour disturbances, civil unrest, strikes and lockouts. It is the only organisation in South Africa authorised to provide insurance cover for losses caused as a result of these types of events. According to Sasria's 2013 annual report, its claims frequency increased by 91% driven primarily by labour strikes, while claims severity increased by 135% compared with 2012. Sasria's importance seems clearer than ever as the uncertainties in the socio-economic environment mean that 'special risks' as defined in Sasria's terms of reference, have become a permanent part of the risk management landscape as the challenges of industrial action, workplace disruption, social unrest and service delivery protests proliferate. Both businesses and consumers need to consult with their brokers and insurers to ascertain whether their insurance coverage has been extended to cover Sasria perils. As a matter of course, clients should be offered this type of cover when discussing their business personal insurance requirements as this presents a significant risk to both consumers and business owners who could find themselves severely out of pocket if their assets were damaged during a violent strike. Given the status quo of the last 12-18 months, it's an essential if not non-negotiable cover on any insurance policy. This is especially important for people who own property, live, work or commute in areas that have a high propensity for protest and strike action. Sasria may not decline your request for cover. Sasria rates are regulated and for businesses available to the premiums. However, cover provided by Sasria is subject to a maximum limit for any one loss and any one insurance period per client to R1,500 million. The Sasria cover in terms of Business Interruption is limited to fixed expenses or standing charges and net profit, but not for the traditional contingent business interruption covers such as losses following damage to premises of customers and suppliers, and to the supply of public utilities. These covers can be purchased from the private sector to ensure the client enjoys similar cover to that provided for losses arising from non-Sasria perils. For consumers, the cost of cover is minimal in relation to that of replacing an expensive asset. Experience has shown that strikes and protest action in South Africa are becoming increasingly violent and it is therefore crucial to ensure that the insurance cover is correctly structured so that clients do not suffer unnecessarily as a result of damage to their property. Source: Graeme Fuller, https://cover.co.za/the-risk-of-riots/ Answer ALL the questions in this section. Question 1 (25 Marks) In light of the case study provided, justify the importance of Sasria SOC Ltd to the insurance industry and the South African economy Question 2 (25 Marks) Experience has shown that strikes and protest action in South Africa are becoming increasingly violent and have resulted in significant disruptions to enterprise-wide risks. Considering this, advise South African businesses on how they should manage enterprise risks Question 3 (25 Marks) With refence to South African businesses evaluate the measures that they can consider in financing the extent of damages and costs caused by civil unrest and riots. Your response should refer to relevant examples and illustrations.

Answers

The importance of Sasria SOC Ltd to the insurance industry and the South African economy lies in its unique coverage for losses caused by politically and non-politically motivated riots, public disorder, civil unrest, strikes etc.

Why is Sasria SOC Ltd important to the insurance and S.A. economy?

Sasria SOC Ltd plays a vital role in the insurance industry and the South African economy by providing insurance coverage for risks that are not covered by standard insurance policies. As demonstrated by the high number of service delivery protests and violent strikes in South Africa, there is a significant need for coverage against damage to assets resulting from these events.

The private sector insurers are precluded from underwriting these risks, making Sasria the only authorized organization to provide such coverage. Sasria's coverage helps protect businesses and consumers from severe financial losses due to property damage during violent strikes and protests. Without Sasria, individuals and businesses could find themselves severely out of pocket if their assets were damaged during these events.

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Suppose that the assets of Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA) includes $10 billion in long- term home mortgages. Further, suppose that the CBA needs an additional $2 billion to finance new mortgages but does not want to issue additional debt. Advise the Board of CBA on how to use securitisation to raise the needed funds to finance the new mortgages. Explain your answer in detail, including the features of securitization. Sunshine Ltd plans to purchase or lease two heavy duty cranes for its building operations. As a finance manager, explain to the CFO the difference between "direct finance lease" and "leverage finance lease".

Answers

Securitization is a method for financial institutions to convert illiquid assets into tradable securities to raise money. CBA can use the securitization method to raise the needed funds to finance new mortgages.

Securitization is a process where a financial institution takes a group of loans, such as mortgages, and bundles them together to form a financial product called a mortgage-backed security (MBS). The MBS is then sold to investors to raise funds for the bank. This is an alternative to traditional debt financing and provides a way for banks to diversify their funding sources. The features of securitization are Pools of assets: A pool of assets is a collection of assets of the same type, such as mortgages or car loans. The pool of assets should be homogeneous in nature and should not contain any toxic assets like non-performing assets.

Rating: The rating of an MBS is critical for its marketability. Credit rating agencies rate MBS issues based on the quality of the underlying assets, historical default rates, and the protection provided to investors. Higher-rated issues are considered safer and, as a result, are more marketable. Underlying assets: The underlying assets of MBS issues are the loans that are sold to investors. Banks create these loans with the intention of selling them to investors in the form of MBS issues.

In addition to the above features, there are various other types of securities that can be created through securitization, such as collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), collateralized loan obligations (CLOs), and asset-backed securities (ABSs).These securities have different structures and are used to finance different types of assets. Now, let us look at the difference between a direct finance lease and a leveraged finance lease.

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In what way do different ideologies and political systems influence the environment in which MNCs operate? Would these challenges be less for those operating in the EU than for those in Russia or China? Why, or why not?

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Different ideologies and political systems play a crucial role in influencing the environment in which Multinational Corporations (MNCs) operate. Political systems and ideologies that support market liberalization, free trade, and a supportive business environment make it easier for MNCs to operate in the global marketplace.

On the other hand, regimes that maintain economic nationalism, protectionism, and a hostile business climate make it challenging for MNCs to enter and operate within their borders.In addition, political ideologies and systems play a significant role in shaping government policies that determine the conditions in which MNCs operate. For instance, governments of countries with a capitalist ideology tend to support free trade and market liberalization, while socialist and communist governments may adopt protectionist policies and restrict the operations of foreign companies.For example, MNCs operating in the EU face fewer challenges than those operating in Russia or China because the EU has a more stable and predictable political environment. The EU has adopted policies that promote economic growth, encourage foreign investment, and protect the environment. Therefore, MNCs operating in the EU enjoy a supportive regulatory environment and a relatively low level of political risk. On the other hand, MNCs operating in Russia or China face significant challenges, including corruption, political instability, and bureaucratic barriers, making it difficult to conduct business in these countries.To sum up, different ideologies and political systems have a significant impact on the environment in which MNCs operate. The challenges facing MNCs operating in different countries depend on the political ideologies and systems in those countries. Countries that support free trade and a supportive business environment tend to attract more MNCs than those with protectionist policies and a hostile business climate.

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One of the major trends in Human Resources is looking at the demographic make-up of an organization and comparing that data in relation to the community or region the organization resides in or serves. What do you think about these practices and has your organization made efforts in this area? What are some ways to ensure your employee population reflects the community?

Answers

The practice of analyzing the demographic composition of an organization in relation to the community it serves is an important trend in Human Resources. At my organization, we have recognized the significance of this approach and have implemented various strategies to ensure our employee population reflects the diversity of our community.

1. Analyzing the demographic composition of an organization and comparing it to the surrounding community or region is a significant trend in Human Resources. This practice helps ensure that the employee population reflects the diversity of the community being served. Examining the demographic makeup of an organization and its alignment with the community it serves is a valuable practice in Human Resources. By analyzing data related to race, ethnicity, gender, age, and other relevant factors, HR professionals can identify any disparities or imbalances within their workforce. This enables organizations to take proactive steps to address potential inequalities and foster a more inclusive environment.

2. At my organization, we have acknowledged the significance of this trend and have actively worked towards achieving a diverse and representative employee population. We have implemented several strategies to ensure our workforce reflects the community we serve. First, we have established diverse recruitment and hiring practices, including reaching out to a broad range of candidates through various channels and platforms. This approach helps attract a more diverse pool of applicants.

3. Additionally, we have implemented initiatives to promote diversity and inclusion within our organization. These include diversity training programs, employee resource groups, and mentorship opportunities. By providing a supportive and inclusive environment, we aim to attract and retain employees from diverse backgrounds and perspectives.

4. Furthermore, we regularly monitor and analyze workforce demographics, comparing them to the demographics of the surrounding community. This helps us identify any gaps or discrepancies and take appropriate actions to ensure representation. We believe that a diverse workforce brings a wide range of perspectives, ideas, and talents, ultimately leading to better innovation, decision-making, and overall organizational success.

5. In conclusion, the practice of analyzing the demographic composition of an organization in relation to the community it serves is an important trend in Human Resources. At my organization, we have recognized the significance of this approach and have implemented various strategies to ensure our employee population reflects the diversity of our community. By embracing diversity and fostering an inclusive environment, we aim to create a workforce that is representative of the broader society and better positioned to meet the needs and expectations of our stakeholders.

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Write the policies for Disaster Management and how we can
procedure for implementation of those policies?

Answers

Disaster management policies are put in place to prevent or mitigate disasters and ensure that appropriate actions are taken in case of an occurrence.

What are  the policies?

Below are some policies for disaster management:

Disaster Preparedness Policy: This policy outlines the necessary steps and actions to take before a disaster happens. It includes plans for the evacuation of people and property, the provision of emergency services and shelters, the creation of awareness and communication systems, and the establishment of a disaster response team.

Disaster Response Policy: This policy outlines the immediate actions to be taken in case of a disaster. It includes the mobilization of resources and personnel, the establishment of command centers and communication systems, the coordination of search and rescue efforts, and the provision of first aid and emergency medical services.

Disaster Recovery Policy: This policy outlines the actions to be taken after a disaster to return the community to a state of normalcy.

It includes the provision of temporary housing and relief services, the restoration of basic services such as water, electricity, and transportation, the repair and reconstruction of damaged infrastructure, and the provision of long-term support and counseling.

Implementation of Disaster Management Policies

Below are some procedures for the implementation of disaster management policies:

Planning: This involves the development of a comprehensive disaster management plan that outlines the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders, the available resources and equipment, the communication and alert systems, and the procedures for monitoring and evaluating the response efforts.

Training and Education: This involves the training of emergency responders and other stakeholders on the different aspects of disaster management, including first aid, search and rescue, evacuation, and communication.

Resource Mobilization: This involves the identification and mobilization of resources and equipment needed for disaster response and recovery.

Evaluation and Improvement: This involves the monitoring and evaluation of disaster management policies and procedures to identify strengths and weaknesses.

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Which of the following would not increase Aggregate Demand? Pick
One:
Increased Consumption
Increased Government Expenditure
Increased Investment Expenditure
Decrease in overall price level

Answers

The option that would not increase aggregate demand is a decrease in the overall price level. Aggregate demand is defined as the total amount of goods and services that households, companies, the government, and foreigners want to buy at any given price level. The aggregate demand curve displays the level of real GDP that will be acquired at various price levels.

Aggregate demand is influenced by several factors, including the following: Changes in consumer demand: A surge in customer confidence, for example, may boost consumer spending on goods and services.

Changes in government spending: Government spending can directly influence the economy by increasing aggregate demand. Changes in net exports: A boost in net exports, which is the difference between exports and imports, can boost aggregate demand as well.

Changes in investment spending: A rise in investment spending can cause aggregate demand to increase.

A decrease in the overall price level is the option that would not increase aggregate demand. Since price level is the vertical axis in aggregate demand, any decrease in price level will lead to a downward shift along the aggregate demand curve, decreasing demand and resulting in a lower quantity of output. Therefore, it does not increase aggregate demand.

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When a closed economy is in equilibrium, we can be certain that: OI = 5 + (T-G). OI + S = T - G. G = T and S = 1. OI = 5 + (G-T). OI = 5

Answers

The correct option is: When a closed economy is in equilibrium, we can be certain that B)OI + S = T - G.

When a closed economy is in equilibrium, we can be certain that OI + S = T - G. The correct option is the second one.A closed economy is a self-contained economy in which no outside influences can affect its internal functioning. A closed economy is a self-contained system in which no imports or exports occur. It is referred to as a "pure" or "autarkic" economy in this sense.

As a result, it cannot be influenced by any international exchange rates, trade barriers, or external economic factors. The term economic equilibrium refers to a state in which economic forces such as supply and demand are balanced and in the absence of external influences, the values of economic variables will not change.

It refers to a point at which supply and demand meet and, as a result, the price of a product stabilizes.OI in the given equation : OI stands for Operating Income or Operating Profit in the given equation.

Operating Income = Revenue - Expenses.

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We can't downplay the benefits of defining and monitoring our marketing environment. Still, there is only so much we can accurately predict. Even with technological advancements, predictive software tools, and a keen eye on the marketing environment, some changes can't be forecasted or controlled. Techniques that work in one marketing environment may not work in the next. For businesses operating in multiple regions, this may prove a considerable challenge. The speed of change in the macro marketing environment may make it seem unnecessary to monitor and predict the environment. Business and marketing teams must stay nimble, accept changes quickly, and leverage their customer service and satisfaction strengths to maintain business success and a positive marketing environment. MAJASA Investment Ghana Ltd is a global brand and hopes to enter into the Ghanaian market and start its operations in this year...there is therefore the need to understand the marketplace. The financial marketing environment consists of an internal and an external environment. The internal environment is company-specific and includes owners, workers, machines, materials etc. The external environment is further divided into two components: micro & macro. The micro or the task environment is also specific to the business but is external. It consists of factors engaged in producing, distributing, and promoting the offering. The macro or the broad environment includes larger societal forces which affect society as a whole. It is made up of six components: demographic, economic, physical, technological, political-legal, and social-cultural environment. As the head of marketing research, extensively analyse the Ghanaian external

Answers

As the head of marketing research, conduct a thorough analysis of the external environment in Ghana, focusing on the demographic, economic, physical, technological, political-legal, and social-cultural factors.

Analyzing the external environment is crucial for MAJASA Investment Ghana Ltd to understand the market dynamics and make informed decisions. By examining the demographic, economic, physical, technological, political-legal, and social-cultural factors specific to Ghana, the marketing research team can gather valuable insights about the target market, consumer behavior, industry trends, and regulatory landscape. This analysis will enable the company to identify opportunities, assess risks, tailor marketing strategies, and align its operations with the local environment, contributing to a successful market entry and operational effectiveness.

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which two types of graphs illustrate and analyze measurements or
trends ober time?

pareto chart , check sheet, control chart, run chart

Answers

The two types of graphs that illustrate and analyze measurements or trends over time are the control chart and the run chart.

1. Control Chart: A control chart is a statistical tool used to monitor and analyze process variation over time. It displays measured values plotted against control limits to determine whether a process is within statistical control. Control charts are commonly used in quality control to detect and address any deviations or trends in a process. They help identify whether a process is stable or experiencing issues that require intervention.

2. Run Chart: A run chart is a simple line graph that displays data points in chronological order. It is used to analyze trends and patterns over time. Run charts are effective in visually identifying shifts, cycles, or random fluctuations in data. They can help identify long-term trends, outliers, or unusual patterns that may require further investigation. Run charts are commonly used in various fields, including manufacturing, healthcare, and project management, to track and analyze performance metrics or process improvement initiatives.

Both control charts and run charts provide valuable insights into the behavior and performance of processes or systems over time, facilitating data-driven decision-making and continuous improvement efforts.

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Evaluate the impact of the five forces that drive competition in the fast-food industry. In other words, using Michael E. Porter's Five-Forces Model (Chapter 4, pp. 100-109), assess the relative strength of each force within the fast-food industry.

Answers

the five forces play a significant role in determining the fast-food industry's competition. Fast food companies must strive to innovate, keep prices low, offer quality food, and provide excellent customer service to remain competitive in the industry. These strategies will assist companies in developing brand recognition and customer loyalty,

Michael Porter’s Five Forces Model analyses the business environment of an industry and helps identify its strengths and weaknesses. It assists businesses in understanding and anticipating the competition within their industry. These five forces that shape competition in the fast-food industry are as follows:Threat of new entrantsThe fast-food industry's market is saturated with a plethora of well-known brands, making it extremely difficult for newcomers to enter. High capital costs, such as obtaining licenses, setting up and operating costs, make it difficult for new entrants to survive. Brand value is another barrier to entry for new companies.Threat of substitutesIn the fast-food industry, the threat of substitutes is high. As a result, there is a constant struggle to introduce innovative and tasty meals to attract consumers. The industry's substitute products include other types of fast food, snacks, and prepared meals that customers can purchase at grocery stores .Bargaining power of buyersFast food consumers have a strong bargaining position because they can choose from a variety of brands. Customers also have the ability to demand high-quality food, reasonable pricing, and greater convenience. As a result, the fast-food industry must work to meet consumer expectations to keep them loyal. Bargaining power of suppliers Suppliers have minimal bargaining power in the fast-food industry due to the numerous suppliers and low switching costs. To keep the supply chain smooth, suppliers must provide the ingredients at a reasonable price. Nonetheless, the fast-food industry will always be affected by fluctuations in the price of goods, such as crops and fuel .Industry rivalryThe fast-food industry has fierce competition, with various brands competing for market share. Companies frequently lower their prices to attract customers. They must also develop innovative advertising strategies to grab the attention of customers. They must also provide customers with exceptional service to stand out from the competition.

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Describe impacts of technology on health care operations and discuss benefits & challenges faced by today’s healthcare system.
Length 200 or more words
Format: Include citations from resources
Use APA Style

Answers

Technology has had a transformative impact on healthcare operations, offering significant benefits and presenting challenges. The benefits include improved efficiency, enhanced patient care, and increased accessibility to healthcare services. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, the need for continuous training, and interoperability issues must be addressed to fully harness the potential of technology in today's healthcare system.

The impact of technology on healthcare operations has been substantial, revolutionizing the way healthcare services are delivered, managed, and accessed. Technology has brought numerous benefits to the healthcare system, but it also presents challenges that need to be addressed.

One significant benefit of technology in healthcare is improved efficiency and accuracy in patient care. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have replaced paper-based records, allowing for seamless data storage, retrieval, and sharing among healthcare providers. EHRs enable real-time access to patient information, reducing medical errors, improving communication, and enhancing overall patient safety (American Medical Association, 2016). Additionally, technologies such as telemedicine and remote patient monitoring have facilitated access to healthcare services in remote areas, increased patient convenience, and reduced healthcare costs (Bashshur et al., 2016).

Technology has also empowered healthcare professionals with advanced diagnostic tools and treatment options. Medical imaging technologies, such as MRI, CT scans, and ultrasound, have revolutionized diagnostics by providing detailed images for accurate disease detection and monitoring (Kumar et al., 2017). Robotic-assisted surgeries have enabled minimally invasive procedures, resulting in reduced patient trauma, faster recovery, and improved surgical outcomes (Rogers et al., 2017).

However, the rapid pace of technological advancements in healthcare also brings challenges. One major challenge is the high cost of implementing and maintaining technology systems. Healthcare organizations must invest significant financial resources to adopt and integrate new technologies, which can strain budgets and affect resource allocation for patient care (Lluch, 2011).

Another challenge is the need for ongoing training and education of healthcare professionals to effectively utilize technology. New systems and devices require healthcare providers to continuously update their skills and knowledge, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive (Dyson et al., 2017). Additionally, the interoperability of different technologies and systems remains a challenge, as seamless data exchange between various platforms is often hindered by compatibility issues (Adler-Milstein & Jha, 2016).

In conclusion, technology has had a transformative impact on healthcare operations, offering significant benefits and presenting challenges. The benefits include improved efficiency, enhanced patient care, and increased accessibility to healthcare services. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, the need for continuous training, and interoperability issues must be addressed to fully harness the potential of technology in today's healthcare system.

References:

Adler-Milstein, J., & Jha, A. K. (2016). HITECH Act Drove Large Gains In Hospital Electronic Health Record Adoption. Health Affairs, 35(4), 661–668. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0992

American Medical Association. (2016). AMA: Electronic Health Records. Retrieved from https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/digital/electronic-health-records-ehr

Bashshur, R. L., Howell, J. D., Krupinski, E. A., Harms, K. M., & Bashshur, N. (2016). The Empirical Foundations of Telemedicine Interventions in Primary Care. Telemedicine Journal and E-Health, 22(5), 342–375. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2015.0156

Dyson, M. P., Newton, A. S., Shave, K., Featherstone, R. M., Thomson, D., Wingert, A.,...Hartling, L. (2017). Proactive Risk Assessment of Surgical Site Verification Using Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. Journal of Surgical Research, 218, 184–192. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.04.025

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The emergency room at a hospital estimates the following requirements for registered nurses for the late night shift each week. Nurses work five consecutive days, then have off two days.
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
4 5 5 4 3 5 4
Perform cyclical scheduling on the data. How many full time and part time nurses are required? (NOT in excel solver.)
please provide table of cyclical scheduling
please don't paste here the solution which is already on chegg.

Answers

Certainly! Here's the table for cyclical scheduling based on the given requirements for registered nurses for the late night shift each week:

|    | Sunday | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday|

|-------------|---------|--------|---------|-----------|------------|-----------|-----------|

|  Week 1 | Full   | Full   | Full    | Full      | Part     | Part   | Part     |

| Week 2 | Part  | Full   | Full     | Full      | Full     | Part   | Part     |

| Week 3 | Part   | Part   | Full    | Full     | Full     | Full   | Part     |

| Week 4 | Part   | Part   | Part   | Full     | Full     | Full   | Full     |

| Week 5 | Full   | Part   | Part    | Part     | Full     | Full   | Full     |

In the table, "Full" indicates the requirement for a full-time nurse, and "Part" indicates the requirement for a part-time nurse. Each row represents a week, and each column represents a day of the week.

To determine the number of full-time and part-time nurses required, you would count the number of "Full" entries and the number of "Part" entries in the table, respectively, and sum them up for each week.

Please note that the specific number of full-time and part-time nurses required will depend on the hospital's policies and staffing needs. This table provides an example of cyclical scheduling based on the given requirements.

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What can happen when a family puts too much pressure on members to behave or live in a certain way? O A. O B. O C. O D. It creates emotional stability and a harmonious vibe in the family. Family members will always choose to leave the family and never return. It creates emotional divides and harms the overall cohesiveness of the group. It allows everyone to feel important and like an active participant of the family.​

Answers

When a family puts too much pressure on members to behave or live in a certain way, Option C. It creates emotional divides and harms the overall cohesiveness of the group.

This is because excessive pressure can lead to stress and anxiety, which can cause negative emotions and feelings of alienation. It can also lead to conflicts, misunderstandings, and resentment among family members, which can further damage relationships and create a toxic environment. Moreover, when family members are forced to conform to certain expectations, they may lose their sense of individuality and feel like they are not being heard or understood.

This can cause them to feel undervalued and unappreciated, leading to a sense of disconnection from the family. As a result, family members may become distant and less involved in family activities, which can further weaken the family bond. In extreme cases, family members may choose to leave the family and never return in order to escape the pressure and stress caused by their family's expectations.

Therefore, it is important for families to foster an environment of mutual respect, understanding, and support that allows each member to express themselves freely without fear of judgment or criticism. This can help create a positive and healthy family dynamic that promotes emotional stability and a harmonious vibe in the family. Therefore, the correct option is C.

The question was incomplete, Find the full content below:

What can happen when a family puts too much pressure on members to behave or live in a certain way?

A. It creates emotional stability and a harmonious vibe in the family.

B. Family members will always choose to leave the family and never return.

C. It creates emotional divides and harms the overall cohesiveness of the group.

D. It allows everyone to feel important and like an active participant in the family.​

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Last year Janet purchased a $1,000 face value corporate bond with an 8% annual coupon rate and a 20-year maturity. At the time of the purchase, it had an expected yield to maturity of 13.43%. If Janet sold the bond today for $1,127.99, what rate of return would she have earned for the past year?

Answers

To calculate Janet's rate of return for the past year, we can use the formula for yield to maturity (YTM) as an approximation:

YTM = (Annual coupon payment + (Face value - Purchase price) / Number of years) / ((Face value + Purchase price) / 2)

Where:

Annual coupon payment = Face value * Coupon rate

Number of years = 1 (since we're calculating the return for the past year)

Face value = $1,000

Purchase price = $1,127.99

Plugging in the given values:

Annual coupon payment = $1,000 * 8% = $80

Number of years = 1

Face value = $1,000

Purchase price = $1,127.99

YTM = ($80 + ($1,000 - $1,127.99) / 1) / (($1,000 + $1,127.99) / 2)

Calculating this expression, we find that Janet's rate of return for the past year is approximately -5.92% (rounded to two decimal places). This negative rate indicates a loss on the investment.

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Ivanhoe Well Services Ltd. purchased equipment for $908,000 on September 30, 2021. The equipment was purchased with a $131,000 cash down payment and through the issue of a $777,000, 5-year, 3.6% mortgage note payable for the balance. The terms provide for the mortgage to be repaid in monthly blended payments of $14,170 starting on October 31. Record the issue of the note payable on September 30. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter O for the amounts.) Date Account Titles and Explanation Sept. 30, 2021 (To record purchase of equipment in exchange for cash and a note.) Debit Credit Record the first two instalment payments on October 31 and November 30. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter O for the amounts. Round answers to O decimal places, e.g. 5,275.) Date Account Titles and Explanation Oct. 31, 2021 Nov. 30, 2021 (To record payment on note.) (To record payment on note.) Debit Credit Record the first two instalment payments on October 31 and November 30 assuming that the terms provided for monthly fixed principal payments of $12,950, rather than blended payments of $14,170. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter O for the amounts. Round answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275.) Date Account Titles and Explanation Oct. 31, 2021 Nov. 30, 2021 (To record payment on note.) (To record payment on note.) Debit Credit

Answers

the issue of the note payable on September 30, 2021:

Date: September 30, 2021

Account Titles and Explanation             Debit     Credit------------------------------------     ------   ------

Equipment                                   $908,000  Mortgage Note Payable                                $777,000.

 Cash                                                           $131,000

To record the first two llment payments on October 31 and November 30:

Date: October 31, 2021

Account Titles and Explanation             Debit     Credit------------------------------------     ------   ------

Mortgage Note Payable                 $12,480  Interest Expense                                      $690

 Cash                                                           $13,170

Date: November 30, 2021

Account Titles and Explanation             Debit     Credit------------------------------------     ------   ------

Mortgage Note Payable                 $12,543  Interest Expense                                      $627

 Cash                                                           $13,170

To record the first two llment payments assuming monthly fixed principal payments of $12,950:

Date: October 31, 2021

Account Titles and Explanation             Debit     Credit------------------------------------     ------   ------

Mortgage Note Payable                 $12,950  Interest Expense                                      $690

 Cash                                                           $12,260

Date: November 30, 2021

Account Titles and Explanation             Debit     Credit

------------------------------------     ------   ------Mortgage Note Payable                 $12,950

 Interest Expense                                      $627  Cash                                                           $12,323

                               $131,000

To record the first two llment payments on October 31 and November 30:

Date: October 31, 2021

Account Titles and Explanation             Debit     Credit------------------------------------     ------   ------

Mortgage Note Payable                 $12,480  Interest Expense                                      $690

 Cash                                                           $13,170

Date: November 30, 2021

Account Titles and Explanation             Debit     Credit------------------------------------     ------   ------

Mortgage Note Payable                 $12,543  Interest Expense                                      $627

 Cash                                                           $13,170

To record the first two llment payments assuming monthly fixed principal payments of $12,950:

Date: October 31, 2021

Account Titles and Explanation             Debit     Credit------------------------------------     ------   ------

Mortgage Note Payable                 $12,950  Interest Expense                                      $690

 Cash                                                           $12,260

Date: November 30, 2021

Account Titles and Explanation             Debit     Credit

------------------------------------     ------   ------Mortgage Note Payable                 $12,950

 Interest Expense                                      $627  Cash                                                           $12,323

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what is the top reason for global outsourcing of it services?

Answers

The top reason for global outsourcing of IT services is the cost benefits that companies gain by outsourcing their services to other countries where the labor and operational costs are lower.

This is due to the fact that the cost of living and labor in developing countries is lower than developed countries such as the United States, Canada, or the United Kingdom. In addition, outsourcing allows companies to access a larger pool of skilled labor and specialized expertise. For example, a company based in the United States can outsource their IT services to a company in India or the Philippines, where there is a large pool of highly skilled IT professionals. This can result in cost savings for the company, as well as access to specialized expertise that may not be available in their own country.

Outsourcing can also help companies to focus on their core competencies, as they can outsource non-core functions to other companies that specialize in these areas. This can free up resources and enable the company to focus on their core business operations. Outsourcing can also provide flexibility and scalability, as companies can quickly scale up or down their services based on their business needs and demand. Overall, outsourcing is a cost-effective way for companies to access specialized expertise, reduce costs, and focus on their core competencies.

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In income statements prepared under a standard cost accounting system, cost of goods sold is stated at standard cost and variances are disclosed separately.
True
False

Answers

False. In income statements prepared under a standard cost accounting system, the cost of goods sold is typically stated at actual cost, not standard cost.

The variances, which represent the differences between standard and actual costs, are usually disclosed separately. This allows for better analysis and understanding of the factors contributing to the differences between the expected and actual costs. By presenting the cost of goods sold at actual cost and disclosing variances separately, the income statement provides a more accurate depiction of the company's financial performance and cost management. The separate disclosure of variances helps management identify areas where actual costs deviate from the standard costs, enabling them to take corrective actions and improve cost control in the future.

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Which of the following best describes the relationship between Monetary Policy and interest rates?
a
The Fed manipulates the Federal Funds Rate, the rate banks charge other banks for overnight loans, and other interest rates change accordingly.
b
The Fed manipulates mortgage rates and other interest rates change accordingly.
c
The Fed manipulates the interest rate paid on 10-year bonds and all other interest rates follow.
d
The Fed manipulates the Prime Rate, which is the cost of capital for banks, and all other interest rates move in the same direction as the change.

Answers

The correct option that best describes the relationship between monetary policy and interest rates is A) The Fed manipulates the Federal Funds Rate, the rate banks charge other banks for overnight loans, and other interest rates change accordingly.

Monetary policy is the process through which the Federal Reserve (the Fed) controls the money supply to influence the economy. Interest rates, the cost of borrowing money, are an important aspect of monetary policy. The Federal Reserve sets interest rates by manipulating the Federal Funds Rate.

The Federal Funds Rate is the interest rate at which banks lend and borrow reserves overnight with each other. Banks use these funds to meet reserve requirements and other obligations. By manipulating the Federal Funds Rate, the Fed can affect the availability of money in the economy.

If the Fed lowers the rate, banks can borrow more money at a lower rate, which they can then lend to consumers and businesses at a lower rate. This can lead to increased spending and investment, which can stimulate the economy. In contrast, if the Fed raises the rate, banks will borrow less and lend less, making it more expensive to borrow and potentially slowing economic growth.

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Critically analyze and evaluate currency risk. How can an international company reduce currency risks when doing business abroad?

Answers

Currency risk refers to the risks or uncertainties related to fluctuations in the foreign exchange rates between the domestic currency and foreign currencies.

The analysis and evaluation of currency risks are essential for international companies to mitigate or reduce such risks.  This is done through the use of financial instruments such as forward contracts, options, and futures.

Another way for companies to reduce currency risks is by diversifying their operations across different countries and currencies. This helps companies to spread their risks across different markets and currencies, reducing the impact of currency fluctuations on their business.

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Moving to another question will save this response. Question 7 Which of the following characteristics of agility relates to agile organizations pivoting as needed to take advantage of opportunities as they sense them? O focused O fast O flexible O futuristic

Answers

The characteristic of agility that relates to agile organizations pivoting to take advantage of opportunities as they sense them is C. flexibility.

Flexibility is the characteristic of agility that allows organizations to adapt and respond quickly to changes in the market, customer needs, or emerging opportunities. Agile organizations are able to adjust their strategies, processes, and resources in a timely manner to capitalize on new possibilities or address unexpected challenges. Being flexible means having the ability to change direction, reallocate resources, and modify plans as needed. Agile organizations are not bound by rigid structures or fixed ways of doing things. Instead, they are open to experimentation, willing to explore new approaches, and able to embrace innovation.

When an agile organization senses an opportunity that aligns with its goals and objectives, it can pivot swiftly and effectively to seize that opportunity. This requires a mindset of adaptability, agility in decision-making, and the capacity to mobilize resources and talent in response to emerging possibilities. By being flexible, agile organizations can stay ahead of the curve, capitalize on market trends, and take advantage of opportunities as they arise, giving them a competitive edge in a rapidly changing business landscape.

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From the following trial balance of R Graham, you are required to draw up the Income Statement for the year ended 30 September 2021, and a Balance Sheet as at that date. Dr Cr $ $ Opening inventory as at 1 October 2020 2,368 Transportation 510 Returns inwards / returns outwards 205 322 Purchases 11,874 Sales 18,600 Salaries and wages 3,862 Rent 304 Insurance 78 Motor vehicles repairs expenses 664 Office expenses 216 Lighting and heating expenses 166 General expenses 314 Premises 5,000 Discount allowed / discount received 500 600 Motor Vehicles 1,800 Fixtures and fittings 350 Accounts Receivable 1,896 Accounts Payable 1,631 Cash at bank 2,482 Withdrawals 1,200 Capital (Owner’s equity) 12,636 33,789 33,789 Closing inventory as at 30 September 2021 was $2,946.

Answers

R Graham's Income Statement for the year ended 30 September 2021 shows a gross profit of $6,998. Sales revenue of $18,600 less cost of goods sold of $11,602. Operating expenses of $8,677 resulted in a net profit of $321.

The Income Statement for the year ended 30 September 2021 shows that R Graham generated sales revenue of $18,600. Deducting the cost of goods sold of $11,602 (comprising opening stock of $2,368, purchases of $11,874, less closing stock of $2,946) produced a gross profit of $6,998. Operating expenses of $8,677 included salaries and wages of $3,862, rent of $304, insurance of $78, motor vehicle repairs expenses of $664, office expenses of $216, lighting and heating expenses of $166, and general expenses of $314.

Deducting these operating expenses from the gross profit produced a net profit of $321.

The Balance Sheet as at 30 September 2021 shows that R Graham's assets equalled $13,728 (comprising accounts receivable of $1,896, cash at bank of $2,482, motor vehicles of $1,800, fixtures and fittings of $350, and closing inventory of $2,946), and liabilities equalled $1,631 (accounts payable). The owner's equity amounted to $11,097 (comprising the opening balance of $12,636 less the net profit of $321 less withdrawals of $1,200).

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A primary measure of investment risk is the variability of returns over time and a measure of return variability is standard deviation. Historically, over approximately the past 90 years, the standard deviation of returns has been greatest for long-term bonds small company stocks short-term bonds large company stocks

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Historically, over approximately the past 90 years, the standard deviation of returns has been greatest for small company stocks.

Small company stocks tend to exhibit higher volatility and greater fluctuations in returns compared to other asset classes such as long-term bonds, short-term bonds, and large company stocks. This higher level of variability in returns reflects the increased risk associated with investing in small companies, which often have higher levels of uncertainty and less stability compared to larger, more established companies.

It is important to note that historical performance may not necessarily be indicative of future results, and individual investment experiences may vary. Investors should consider their risk tolerance and diversify their portfolios based on their investment goals and time horizon.

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