23. In this scenario, Matt's behavior can best be explained by classical conditioning. Therefore, the correct option is option 1.
24. In John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner's demonstration of the role of classical conditioning in the development of fears, the white rat was the conditioned stimulus. Therefore, the correct option is option 1
23. Classical conditioning is a type of learning where an organism learns to associate one neutral stimulus with another stimulus that elicits a reflexive behavior. It is a type of learning where two stimuli are paired and come to be associated with each other. As a result, one stimulus will come to evoke the same response as the other.
In Matt's case, he is excited when he hears his father's car in the driveway because he associates this sound with his father coming home. This association of stimuli is an example of classical conditioning.
24. Albert learned to fear the white rat through the association of the white rat (neutral stimulus) with the loud noise (unconditioned stimulus). A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that initially has no significance to an organism but after being repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus, it elicits a learned response similar to the unconditioned stimulus. In little Albert's case, the white rat was a neutral stimulus that, after repeated pairings with the loud noise (unconditioned stimulus), became a conditioned stimulus that elicited a fear response.
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Cecil is riding his bicycle one day when he suddenly remembers how it sounded when he got a flat tire riding his bike on that same path a year ago. Using the stage model of memory above, explain how Cecil formed the memory of the sound of the flat tire. Starting from the very first moment he heard the sound, how did the information enter and move through the memory system to the moment he just remembered that sound?
Working memory received the sound through the sensory memory and sent it.
Message was stored in long-term memory through working memory. It was returned to working memory when the path caused the memory to be activated.
The recollection of a sensory event, such as what we just saw or heard, is very briefly remembered (approximately three seconds). The tiny window of time when you can retain information that you have just been exposed to is known as short-term memory. The capacity of our brains to retain a finite quantity of knowledge for usage over an extended period of time is known as working memory. In addition to carrying out ideas, working memory aids in the processing of ideas and plans.
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when diana was three years old, she became terrified when the neighbor's german shepherd kept barking at her. today, she is afraid of all dogs. diana's fear illustrates the classical conditioning process of a. preparedness. b. stimulus generalization. c. stimulus discrimination. d. unblocking.
Diana's fear illustrates the classical conditioning process of stimulus generalization. Stimulus generalization is when an individual learns to associate a new stimulus with a previously learned stimulus that has already been associated with a response. When an individual learns this type of association, they will respond to both stimuli in the same way.
What is classical conditioning?
Classical conditioning is a kind of learning in which an individual learns to connect a stimulus to a response. When an individual learns this type of association between the stimulus and the response, it is said to have been conditioned. It is a learning process that occurs unconsciously without the need for reinforcement. There are three types of classical conditioning: Stimulus generalization, Stimulus discrimination, and Higher-order conditioning
The answer to the question is B
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what is the psychoanalytic explanation for a governor's paying for prostitutes while supporting anticrime initiatives
The psychoanalytic explanation for a governor's paying for prostitutes while supporting anticrime initiatives is that they may be engaging in a form of sublimation to cope with inner conflicts.
Psychoanalytic theory is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques developed by Sigmund Freud. Freud's psychoanalytic theory is most concerned with unconscious thoughts and feelings that often come from early childhood experiences.
Psychoanalytic theory can provide some insight into the governor's behavior. According to the theory, the unconscious mind influences our behavior, which can cause individuals to behave in ways that are contradictory to their conscious thoughts and feelings. The governor may be engaging in a form of sublimation to cope with inner conflicts.
Sublimation is a psychoanalytic defense mechanism that transforms negative impulses into positive behaviors. The governor may be trying to satisfy his sexual desires through the use of prostitutes, but he may also feel guilty about these desires. To deal with the guilt, he may try to compensate by supporting anticrime initiatives.
In this way, he is able to sublimate his sexual desires into a positive behavior of supporting initiatives that are supposed to reduce crime.
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Why would sociologists who study social networks and employment pay attention to the frequency with which a person has been in contact with each member of his social network?
to see if a particular tie is strong or weak
Sociologists who study social networks and employees pay attention to the frequency with which a person has been in contact with each member of his social network to identify whether a specific tie is strong or weak. This can help them gain insight into the dynamics of the person's social network and how that may be affecting their employment prospects.
What are Social networks?
Social networks refer to the web of social relationships and associations formed between individuals in a society or social group. Social networks have the ability to extend beyond physical proximity, allowing individuals to maintain relationships over great distances. Employment refers to the provision of a paid job, occupation, or work that is done on a regular basis.
Studying social networks and employment helps sociologists to understand how individuals obtain job opportunities and how social networks can be used to obtain resources, including employment. Sociologists also investigate the social relationships and interactions between individuals that make up the network, as well as the impact of these relationships on employment opportunities, employment attainment, and job performance.
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dentify each person in Cochabamba, Bolivia as working in the formal economy, or the informal economy.
Formal Economy
-Juanita is a police officer who monitors the pavilion for illegal sales
-Hernando rents a narrow stall in the central pavilion, and sells fruits and vegetables
Informal Economy
-Lola sells bananas to tourists from a cart attached to her bicycle
-Anneli sells trinkets to tourists from a portable cart, hoping to win their business away from the stall merchants
I sorry, but without any information identifying specific individuals and their professions, it is hard to establish whether they operate in the official or informal sector. I can, however, give succinct formal economy
An economy's recognised by the government and operating inside established legal and regulatory frameworks is referred to as having a formal economy. Businesses and employees there pay taxes, abide by labour rules, and are entitled to public benefits including social security and health care. The majority of the GDP is produced by the formal economy, which is often made up of large enterprises, governmental organisations, and organised labour unions. The informal economy, on the other hand, consists of unrecorded, uncontrolled economic activity like street selling and cash-only transactions. A robust formal economy is typically considered as an indication of economic stability and can contribute to long-term growth and development
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when carl first attended college, he either barely passed or failed most of his courses despite his efforts to do well. after working at a low paying job for a couple of years, carl has returned to school. overwhelmed with the demands of exams, term papers, library assignments, and the need to concentrate on his studies, carl finds himself procrastinating and engaging in self-defeating passive behaviors. this example illustrates the pehenomenon _____
The example illustrated in the passage is an example of phenomenon self-defeating behaviors.
When Carl first attended college, he either barely passed or failed most of his courses despite his efforts to do well. After working at a low paying job for a couple of years, Carl has returned to school.
Overwhelmed with the demands of exams, term papers, library assignments, and the need to concentrate on his studies, Carl finds himself procrastinating and engaging in self-defeating passive behaviors.
What is the phenomenon?
Phenomenon refers to an observable occurrence that happens in the natural world, specifically the actions of the human being or other organisms. The phenomenon illustrated in the passage is Self-defeating behaviors.
What are self-defeating behaviors?
Self-defeating behaviors are behaviors that undermine the person's success, despite his or her intentions to achieve goals. These behaviors include procrastination, self-sabotage, excessive worry, or compulsive behavior.
Self-defeating behaviors can lead to poor academic performance, relationship problems, and low self-esteem. In summary, the example illustrated in the passage is an example of the phenomenon of phenomenon
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When the voters were asked their opinion on the death penalty, the majority of the people responded that it wasn't right and should be eliminated. Their opinion is a reflection of their _____.
When the voters were asked their opinion on the death penalty, the majority of the people responded that it wasn't right and should be eliminated. Their opinion is a reflection of their morals and humanism.
A moral is a set of principles or rules that governs an individual's behavior. Moral values help people to differentiate right from wrong. People's morals are influenced by a variety of factors, including upbringing, culture, and religion. Humanism supports societal ethics that prioritize equality, individual human rights, universal justice, and citizen protection. People's opinions on the death penalty are a reflection of their moral values. While some people believe that the death penalty is a just and necessary form of punishment for serious crimes, others think that the death penalty is inhumane and should be abolished. People's opinions on the death penalty vary for a variety of reasons. Some people believe that the death penalty is a necessary evil that serves as a deterrent to potential criminals. Others believe that the death penalty is barbaric and should be abolished in favor of alternative punishments. People's opinions on the death penalty are influenced by a variety of factors, including personal values, beliefs, and life experiences.
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the dust bowl in the united states in the 1930s was caused primarily by
Answer:
Due to low crop prices and high machinery costs, more submarginal lands were put into production. Farmers also started to abandon soil conservation practices. These events laid the groundwork for the severe soil erosion that would cause the Dust Bowl.
Transformation leadership is an exceptional form of leadership that a. Helps followers meet the tasks on their job descriptions b. Reduces the workload of the followers c. Increases the workload of the followers d. Helps followers do more than what is usually expected
Transformational leadership is an exceptional form of leadership that D) helps followers do more than what is usually expected.
What's transformation leadershipTransformational leadership is a leadership style that involves inspiring, motivating, and empowering followers to achieve their full potential and achieve organizational goals by working together.
Transformational leadership is a leadership style that aims to motivate and inspire followers to achieve their full potential and achieve organizational goals by working together.
Transformational leaders have high levels of charisma and the ability to motivate and inspire followers to achieve more than they ever thought possible.The four components of transformational leadership are:
1. Inspirational motivation
2. Intellectual stimulation
3. Individualized consideration
4. Idealized Influence
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the assumptions that all family members have common needs, interests, and behaviors is expressed in the myth of
The assumptions that all family members have common needs, interests, and behaviors are expressed in the myth of homogeneity.
What is a myth?
A myth is a widely held false belief or idea that has no basis in reality. It is an ancient story that describes the actions of gods, heroes, or supernatural powers that are intended to provide a moral lesson or explanation for how things are in the world. In the family systems theory, the myth of homogeneity is the belief that all family members share common values, attitudes, and interests.
It is the notion that everyone in the family is similar in terms of their preferences, abilities, and behaviors. This myth assumes that the family is a harmonious and cohesive unit that shares a common identity, language, and culture. The myth of homogeneity is often used to justify certain practices or behaviors within the family, such as strict gender roles, the importance of family over individual needs, and the suppression of emotions.
However, this myth overlooks the diversity and complexity of families and individuals. It also ignores the fact that family members have their own unique needs, interests, and behaviors that may conflict with those of other family members.
The myth of homogeneity can lead to misunderstandings, conflicts, and oppression within the family. Therefore, it is important for families to recognize and embrace their differences and work towards mutual understanding and respect.
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Refer to map 18.2 in the textbook. Which country played a much more minor role in the second wave of European conquests in the long nineteenth century than it had played in the first wave during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?A. spain B. polandia
C. netherland
D. france
Refer to map 18.2 in the textbook. The country that played a much more minor role in the second wave of European conquests in the long nineteenth century than it had played in the first wave during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries is C) the NETHERLANDS.
What is a map?A map is a visual representation of the Earth's surface, showing the geological features, bodies of water, natural resources, and human-made structures. A map can be made using different formats like symbols, colors, shading, and three-dimensional models.Map 18.2 is a representation of the colonies of imperialism in the late 19th century.
The map indicates that the Netherlands played a much more minor role in the second wave of European conquests in the long nineteenth century than it had played in the first wave during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The Dutch empire was in decline during this period, and other European powers such as Britain and France had established vast overseas colonies.
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if older adults are losing their cognitive skills due to the normal aging process, which of has research identified for helping to restore them (or slow loss) to some extent?
Research has identified several strategies that can help older adults restore or slow the loss of cognitive skills due to normal aging.
What are the effective strategy ?One effective strategy is engaging in regular physical exercise, which has been shown to improve cognitive function and memory in older adults. Another strategy is engaging in mentally stimulating activities, such as reading, playing games, or learning a new skill, which can help maintain cognitive function and slow the decline of brain function. Additionally, a healthy diet rich in nutrients and antioxidants has been linked to better cognitive health in older adults. Finally, social interaction and engagement can help maintain cognitive function and reduce the risk of cognitive decline.
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jill adapts to prison quite well. she is seen as gentle on the cell block and sometimes worries about the babies she is carrying. she is protected and cared for by a small group of inmates, some of whom she calls sisters. what is the likely reason jill has adapted to prison so well?
Jill is protected and cared for by a small group of inmates, some of whom she calls sisters. The likely reason Jill has adapted to prison so well is because she is protected and cared for by a small group of inmates, some of whom she calls sisters.
What's the reason of Jill has adapted to prison so wellWhen a person goes to prison, they can experience a range of feelings that can lead to stress, anxiety, and depression. In order to adapt to the prison environment, inmates often rely on support from their peers.
In the given scenario, Jill is seen as gentle on the cell block, and sometimes worries about the babies she is carrying. She is also protected and cared for by a small group of inmates, some of whom she calls sisters. This support from other inmates has likely helped Jill adapt to prison so well. It has provided her with a sense of belonging and safety in a place that can be dangerous and isolating.
Apart from that, she is also gentle and caring, which would make it easier for her to connect with others in the prison. By being friendly and nurturing, she may have earned the trust and respect of her fellow inmates, which has made it easier for her to adapt to life in prison.
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in 2021, half of the state governments were under partisan control of what category?
In 2021, half of the state governments were under partisan control of either the Democratic Party or the Republican Party.
In 2021, half of the state governments were under partisan control of the Republican Party. This means that the Republican Party held a majority of legislative seats in at least one chamber in those states.
This includes 24 states in total, as well as Washington D.C. These states are Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming or are split between the two parties.
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chapter 3 the combination of (relatively) stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that give individuals their unique identities are known as values. true or false
The combination of (relatively) stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that give individuals their unique identities are known as traits. Thus, the statement is False.
Values are a set of beliefs or attributes that are important to an individual or group of people. These might include concepts such as respect for elders, honesty, kindness, or hard work, for example.
Although values are typically shaped by individual experience and upbringing, they can also be influenced by a variety of other factors, such as cultural norms or religious beliefs.
Physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics are often seen as relatively stable across the course of an individual's life and are known as Traits.
This means that certain attributes, such as eye color or height, are unlikely to change over time, while other traits, such as introversion or extroversion, may remain relatively consistent even if circumstances change.
As a result, these traits can often be seen as part of an individual's identity.
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what does anamnesis mean in relation to the eucharist
Frequent contact with _____from the same ethnic group leads adolescents to developstronger positive feelings about their ethnicity
Frequent contact with peers from the same ethnic group leads adolescents to develop stronger positive feelings about their ethnicity.
This is known as in-group bias, which refers to the tendency for people to have more positive attitudes and preferences towards members of their own group (in-group) compared to members of other groups (out-group).
Through frequent interactions and shared experiences, adolescents develop a sense of belonging and identification with their ethnic group, which can contribute to the formation of positive attitudes and feelings towards their own culture and heritage.
In addition, frequent contact with peers from the same ethnic group can also help to reduce feelings of discrimination and marginalization. Adolescents who belong to ethnic minority groups may face challenges such as stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination from members of the majority culture.
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Broad conclusions drawn about how family influences gender development must be made with caution because most of the research on the role that parents play in the gender socialization of their children:
Broad conclusions drawn about how family influences gender development must be made with caution because most of the research on the role that parents play in the gender socialization of their children is correlational. Hence, the answer is correlational.
What is gender socialization?Gender socialization refers to the process through which people learn about the social norms, beliefs, and values that are attached to gender differences. Gender socialization is not biologically based but rather socially constructed. Children learn about gender through various sources, including family, media, peers, religion, and schools.
Through gender socialization, people develop attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors that are associated with being male or female.
The role of parents in gender socializationThe family is one of the significant agents of gender socialization. Parents play a vital role in socializing their children. They teach children what is expected of them as males or females. Parents use various strategies to convey the gendered messages to their children.
For example, they use clothing, toys, and language to reinforce gender differences. Parents teach their children what it means to be a boy or a girl. They do so through modeling gendered behavior, enforcing gender-specific rules, and reinforcing gender norms.
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From the Future Mad-Lib activity, write out your FUTURE goal statement (page 11 in the Online Program Guide)
These are some motivational examples of personal mission statements: Within the next five years, I'll take on the role of director of research operations at my company.
Briefing:-To do this, I'll improve my administrative and leadership abilities and foster goodwill among the research teams.
What are the NSLS's objectives?The goal of the NSLS is to identify, develop, and amplify leaders who will transform the world for the better. We work hard to support members in setting and achieving their goals and to give them practical experience that will give them the best chance of success in the future.
What are the four different goals?time-based objectives.
metric-based objectives. Performance-based goals are brief objectives established for particular responsibilities or tasks.
qualitative versus quantitative objectives.
Process-versus-outcome-oriented objectives.
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How have African cultures made an impact in Latin American
African cultures have had a significant impact on Latin America, particularly in countries with a history of slavery and African diaspora.
During the colonial period, millions of Africans were forcibly brought to Latin America as slaves, and their cultures and traditions were assimilated and adapted to the local context.
In areas such as Brazil, Cuba, and Haiti, African cultural influences can be seen in various aspects of daily life, from music and dance to religion and cuisine. For example, the rhythms of samba and bossa nova in Brazil and salsa and rumba in Cuba are heavily influenced by African music styles. The religions of Candomblé in Brazil, Santeria in Cuba, and Vodou in Haiti are also heavily influenced by African spiritual traditions.
In addition, African cultures have also had a significant impact on language, with many African-derived words and phrases being incorporated into Spanish and Portuguese dialects spoken in Latin America.
Overall, African cultures have played an important role in shaping the rich cultural heritage of Latin America, and their contributions continue to be celebrated and honored today.
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How would PCORI methods be used for predictive analysis?Applying to previous trials or other research data to produce personalized resultsA comparison of interventions to determine effectiveness with patients who are experiencing mental illnessLack of connectivity due to a storm may result in loss or delay of clinical information.
By utilising prior trials or other research data, PCORI methods can be utilised for analysis to create individualised findings for specific patients, such as identifying the most efficient course of treatment for a given condition or illness.
What is the name of the statistics that look at central tendency measures?The measure of dispersion is a statistic that reveals the degree of spread or dispersion of the data values. The range can be used to calculate dispersion simply.
What role does PCORI play?PCORI aids patients and carers in navigating the constantly shifting landscape of health care by offering the data needed to make wise decisions. In order to lessen the burden on others, PCORI honours the perspectives of patients and carers by meaningfully incorporating them into research.
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why is agenda setting theory potentially a disadvantage for those trying to address social problems?
Agenda-setting theory can be a disadvantage for those trying to address social problems because it encourages people to focus on the problems that are presented by the media, rather than the problems that need to be solved in real life.
What is the agenda-setting theory?
Agenda-setting theory is the notion that the media influences the public's view of what is significant by emphasizing specific topics in their reports. It argues that the media has the power to decide which topics and issues are important and that the public, as a result, prioritizes the topics that the media has identified as important.
For example, if the media is continuously reporting on the number of homicides in a city, the public will perceive the problem as a significant one. On the other hand, if the media does not report on unemployment levels, people may not be aware of the severity of the problem.
In conclusion, while agenda-setting theory can be beneficial in some cases, it can also be a disadvantage for those trying to address social issues since it can create an impression of a problem without really focusing on what needs to be done.
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The belief that a divine higher power will intervene, and reveal and punish the guilty while protecting the innocent is known as which of the following?a. Distributive justiceb. Procedural justicec. Retributive justiced. Immanent justice
The belief that a divine higher power will intervene, and reveal and punish the guilty while protecting the innocent is known as Immanent justice. The correct answer is option d.
What is Immanent justice?The concept of immanent justice refers to the notion that the divine reality or higher power, whichever a person believes in, will automatically intervene to punish offenders and reward the virtuous. Immanent justice means that God intervenes in the universe and rewards or punishes good and bad behavior. Many theologians believe that an omnipotent and compassionate God will oversee every individual's life and reward them for their good behavior and punish them for their wrongdoing.
The idea of immanent justice is based on the belief that the cosmos is governed by a higher power. It's a common tenet of most religions. Furthermore, religious practices and sacred texts promote the belief that a supernatural power would reward individuals who obey its orders and punish individuals who do not.
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Millions of Americans moved out of urban ethnic neighborhoods and isolated rural enclaves into the army and industrial plants where they came into contact with people from various backgrounds, creating a melting pot that historians call
Millions of Americans moved out of urban ethnic neighborhoods and isolated rural enclaves into the army and industrial plants where they came into contact with people from various backgrounds, creating a melting pot that historians call patriotic assimilation.
Patriotic assimilation is a process in which immigrant groups are encouraged to embrace American society's core values while preserving and promoting their distinctive cultures. This process is distinguished from other types of assimilation by its emphasis on American patriotism, which encourages individuals to participate in American political, economic, and cultural institutions.
While the melting pot metaphor originally suggested that diverse groups would merge into a single culture, patriotic assimilation accepts the persistence of diversity. As a result, Americans of various backgrounds have been able to join together to support their country's values and interests. In conclusion, Patriotic assimilation is a process in which immigrant groups are encouraged to embrace American society's core values while preserving and promoting their distinctive cultures.
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which area of psychology studies development across the lifespan
Development area of psychology studies development across the lifespan.Developmental psychology is a subfield of psychology that studies how we mature and change over time.
The study of human growth and development throughout the lifespan, from infancy to old age, is the focus of developmental psychology. The physical, cognitive, and social development of individuals over time, as well as their effects on behavior and functioning, are the subjects of this subfield of psychology.
Language acquisition, social and emotional development, cognitive development, and the effects of aging on the brain and behavior are just a few of the many areas that developmental psychologists investigate. Understanding how people change and develop over time and how these changes affect their lives requires knowledge in this area of psychology.
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a valid critique of the use of response inventories is that they: group of answer choices do not have good face validity. have a long development cycle. are standardized too rigidly. are not well tested.
A valid critique of the use of response inventories is that they a. do not have good face validity.
Face validity is a basic form of measurement in which a particular research tool or survey seems to measure what it is intended to measure on the surface. Face validity is determined by assessing the extent to which an evaluation or survey appears to be a logical and suitable measure of the concept it seeks to measure. The term "face validity" is often used in the context of surveys, evaluations, and other research tools.The use of response inventories is frequently subject to valid criticism because they do not have good face validity.
In other words, response inventories may not seem to the casual observer to measure what they are intended to measure.The response inventory is a form of standardized examination in which participants answer a series of questions with specified reaction alternatives. It can be a valuable tool for gathering information about a variety of psychological problems and behaviors, including depression, anxiety, and substance use. However, some psychologists have expressed reservations about the accuracy of response inventories because of their lack of face validity.
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the proposed reward circuit involved in the rewarding and reinforcing effects of abused drugs incorporates many neuroanatomical structures but does not include the
The proposed reward circuit involved in the rewarding and reinforcing effects of abused drugs incorporates many neuroanatomical structures but does not include the heart.
Reward circuit, also known as the mesolimbic system, is a group of structures in the brain that are activated by pleasant or rewarding stimuli such as food, sex, and drugs of abuse. It is believed to play a crucial role in the regulation of motivated behavior, including addiction and drug-seeking behavior.According to the question, the proposed reward circuit involved in the rewarding and reinforcing effects of abused drugs incorporates many neuroanatomical structures but does not include the heart. Therefore, the answer is the heart.
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similarities between democratic vs. authoritarian govts
what are the two (2) famous regional codes of conduct, as it relates to ancient globalization and regulations?
The two famous regional codes of conduct related to ancient globalization and regulations are the Code of Hammurabi and the Twelve Tables.
The Code of Hammurabi was developed in ancient Babylon around 1754 BCE and is one of the oldest known legal codes in human history. It established rules for property rights, trade, and social conduct in Mesopotamia. The Twelve Tables were developed in ancient Rome around 450 BCE and served as the basis for Roman law.
They were inscribed on bronze tablets and covered a wide range of topics such as property, marriage, and criminal law. Both codes of conduct were significant in regulating trade and commerce in their respective regions and served as a foundation for future legal systems.
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Asim is Muslim; his spouse, Maria, is Catholic. Until they had to decide in which faith they would raise their children, religion had not been a(n) __________ difference.
a. co-cultural
b. intersectional
c. dialectical
d. salient
The correct answer is d. salient. Asim is Muslim; his spouse, Maria, is Catholic. Until they had to decide in which faith they would raise their children, religion had not been a salient difference.
What is a salient difference?Salient difference is the quality of being notable or important. Salience is determined by the importance, novelty, or relevance of a feature in a particular context. It refers to something that stands out or is noticeable.Asim and Maria, until they had to decide on which religion they would raise their children, did not have religion as a salient difference.
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