Research and produce a summary about the history of the microscope.

Answers

Answer 1
Microscopes have been used for centuries in order to see specimen scientists cannot see with their unaided eye. Antón VanLeeonhoeuk is given credit for designing the first lenses for microscopes in the 16th century. He looked at “animacules” which we would now call bacteria and protists. Robert Hooke first coined the term cell, as he looked at cork and thought it looked like cells that monks slept in. Improvements were made in the following centuries, and Ernest Leintz in the 1800s creates a way to have differing magnification lenses on one microscope. Continuing into the 1900s and 2000s there are now electron scanning microscopes, ultraviolet microscopes, atomic force microscopes, and electron tunneling microscopes—all which allow scientists to have better resolution and to see smaller and smaller things. Microscope technology will continue to improve as scientists discover more ways to magnify the microscopic world.

Related Questions

How many minutes are there in a 40-hour week?

A:2,000

B:2,400

C:1,400

D:1,200

Answers

The answer is B
Explanation:
You multiply 40 by 60 to get 2,400

There will be 2,400 minutes in a week of 40 hours. This can be calculated by the help of unit conversion of time. Thus, the correct option is B.

What is Unit conversion?

Unit conversion is the change of one form of unit to another form of unit of different system such as conversion of units of measurement of weight from gram to kilogram or milligram.

Unit conversion of one unit to another unit is used in order to have accuracy and avoiding the confusion in measurements. For example, the length of pencil is not measured in kilometers rather it is measured in centimeters or inches, which are comparatively smaller than kilometers. In such a case, one has to convert the unit of length from kilometer (km) to centimeter (cm).

The week of 40 hours can be converted into minutes by:

Number of minutes in 1 hour = 60

Therefore, the number of minutes in 40 hours = 60 × 40 = 2,400 minutes

Therefore, the correct option is B.

Learn more about Unit conversion here:

https://brainly.com/question/11543684

#SPJ2

Where does energy go in respiration

Answers

Answer:

Summary. Through the process of cellular respiration, the energy in food is converted into energy that can be used by the body's cells. During cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide and water, and the energy is transferred to ATP.

based on the magnetic field line diagrams, what will happen next with these two sets of magnets?

Answers

The answer is A

The magnets in step 1 will repel and the ones in set 2 will attract

Answer: its A

Explanation:

In which process are glucose and oxygen the reactants?


cellular respiration


photosynthesis


ATP production


ADP production

Answers

Answer:

Cellular Respiration

Explanation:

Respiration = Glucose + Oxygen -> Water + Carbon Dioxide

Describe the structure and bonding of gold

Answers

Answer:

structure

The arrangement of atoms in gold follows what's called a "​face centred cubic" (fcc) structure. Put simply, the atoms in gold form cubes, with an atom at each of the corners, and another atom in the centre of each of the faces (you can see what this looks like in the image below).

bonding

Silver, iron, platinum, gold, and copper all form metallic bonds. Unlike covalent bonding, metallic bonding is non-directional. The strong bond consists of positively charged metal atoms in fixed positions, surrounded by delocalized electrons.

Explanation:

Gold's atoms are face-centered cubic (fcc) and has metallic bonding in it's structure.

What is the bonding and structure of gold?

Because a cloud of electrons holds the atomic nuclei of gold together, gold is soft. Instead of having a set of electrons allocated to one nucleus, this cloud floats through the gold framework. Metallic bonds are the forces that exist between the nuclei and the electron cloud.

In gold, atoms are arranged in a configuration known as a "face-centered cubic" (fcc) structure. Simply put, the gold's atoms take the shape of cubes with one at each of their four corners and another in the middle of each of their six faces.

Learn more about gold, here:

https://brainly.com/question/20038411

#SPJ2

How does humus help in plant growth?​

Answers

Explanation:

Humus gives the soil the ability to absorb and retain moisture. Such soils do not dry out and require significantly less irrigation. Humus provides a reservoir for the plant nutrients available in the soil for balanced plant growth.

Answer:

Humus gives the soil the ability to absorb and retain moisture. Such soils do not dry out and require significantly less irrigation. Humus provides a reservoir for the plant nutrients available in the soil for balanced plant growth.

a section of a dna molecule that controls the thumb is called a

Answers

Answer:

gene

Explanation:

Is it True or false?

Answers

False, plant cells have cell walls while animal cells do not. Both however, have cell membranes.

help help pls
choose the right letter

29. The ABO blood type gene is an example of which means that heterozygous display two phenotypes at the same time.

A. Fading
B.Incomplete dominance
C. Codominance
D. Advanced hybridism​

Answers

Answer:

Codominance i believe :)

how many DNA molecules were in the beginning of the gif?

Answers

Answer:The result of DNA replication is two DNA molecules consisting of one new and one old chain of nucleotides

Explanation:

i just did :)

how do you use fossils to see change

Answers

Fossils help show use how the earth looked like millions of years ago, Plant fossils show use what the wild life would have ate and the nutrients they had. it also helps show the bone structure of animals helping us create an actually picture of the past.

- can I have brainlist  please

A) Identify a signaling molecule from the model present. Explain how receptors play a role in cell differentiation.

B) Identify the dependent variable and two controls the experimenters used when conducting this experiment.

C) Evaluate if the number of Variant 1-Type cells with mating projections was significantly different from those of the Wild Type. Use chi-square analysis.

D) Scientists propose that a mutation has occurred that either changed the mating pheromone or receptor site on the Variant 1-Type yeast cells. Predict where the mutation occurred. Justify your prediction with evidence from the experiment and scientific reasoning, based on your knowledge of cell-signaling pathways.

Answers

Answer:

A) A signaling molecule from the model shown is the pheromone. The pheromone binds to the receptor to create the cellular response in yeast to stop growth and produce shmoo. Shmoo is a nodule that allows the yeast cells to join together. Receptors play a role in cell differentiation, because the signaling molecules bind to the receptor in order to produce a response. When the pheromone binds to the receptor, a series of steps are followed in the transduction pathway in order to create shmoo, a differentiation in the cell. Without the receptor, the signaling pheromone would not be able to trigger the transduction pathway that ultimately results in the differentiation of the cell. Only signaling molecules with a specific shape and size can bind to a specialized receptor and cause a cellular response. Different yeast cell types may have varying receptors, affecting the ability of each pheromone to bind to the receptor to create a mating differentiation and, therefore, the rate of mating.

B) The dependent variable of the experiment is the number of cells that differentiated. The number of cells that differentiated depended on the type of yeast exposed to the pheromones. In this experiment, the experimenters controlled the sample size and the application of the pheromones. Each treated group consisted of 1,000 cells and was given the same concentration of pheromones. The same three pheromones, Wild Type-created, Variant 1-created, and Variant 2-created, were also used for each yeast cell type. These controls allowed the experimenters to observe how yeast cell type affects the rate of mating without the influence of other factors that could have skewed the results.

C) Chi-square analysis can be used to determine if the number of Variant 1-Type cells with mating differentiations significantly differed from those of the Wild Type. The Variant 1-Type yeast cells are being compared to the Wild Type cells, so the Variant-1 Type cells are the observed data and the Wild Type cells represent the expected data. In order to find the chi-square value, the square of the difference between the observed and expected values divided by the expected value must be calculated for each category. For the Wild Type-created pheromone type, there were 450 differentiated cells in the Wild Type cells and 203 in the Variant 1-Type cells. By using these values in the formula, a value of approximately 135.58 results. There were 606 differentiated Wild Type cells and 411 differentiated Variant 1-Type cells in the groups exposed to the Variant 1-created pheromone, showing a value of about 62.75. The value for the Variant 2-created pheromone category can be calculated as 16.82, with 50 differentiated Wild Type yeast cells and 21 differentiated Variant 1-Type cells. Then, these values are added to find the final chi-square value, 215.15, which can be compared to a critical chi-square value to determine the significance of the difference. The critical value with a 95% confidence for three categories is 5.99. The calculated chi-square value is far greater than the critical value, showing a significant variation between the number of cells with mating projections in the Wild Type and Variant 1-Type yeast cells. This also rejects the null hypothesis that there is not an important variation in the values, supporting the alternative hypothesis that a factor is affecting the rates of mating in Variant 1-Type yeast cells.

D) The significant variation between the data values could have resulted from a mutation in the Variant 1-Type cells. This mutation likely changed the receptor site of the cell by affecting its shape. Without the proper shape of specialized receptor sites, the pheromones are inhibited from binding to the receptor. When signals bind to receptors, the signal is received and a sequence of changes occurs throughout the transduction pathway in order to produce a response. Since pheromones cannot bind to the receptor sites to produce a response as easily, the overall cellular response of differentiation cannot be produced as often. The mutation resulted in the inability for signals in the pheromones to be received and communicate the correct response. Therefore, the mutation in the receptor site Variant 1-Type cells explains the significant variation in the values between the Variant 1-Type cells and the Wild Type cells. The data in the experiment shows that different pheromones resulted in differing amounts of cell differentiation in the Variant 1-Type yeast cells. This further suggests that the mutation affected the receptor site, not the pheromones, as the pheromones could still bind in some cells and the differences in the pheromones were not lost. The data indicates that the receptor sites of Variant 1-Type cells were changed by a mutation, creating a significant difference between the number of differentiated cells in the Wild Type and Variant 1-Type yeast cells.

Ligands are called signaling molecules because they bind to receptors and carries information.

A) The signaling molecule in the model is the pheromone. It binds to the receptor to generate a cellular response in the yeast system. It inhibits the growth of yeast cells and secretes shmoo.

Receptors are important in cell differentiation as they bind with receptors and create shmoo via the transduction pathway.

In the absence of a receptor, the transduction pathway will not occur and shmoo will not be produced.

Signaling molecules having specific shapes and sizes can only bind to receptors.

B) In the above experiment, a dependent variable is the number of cells differentiated. The number of cells differentiated depends on its exposure to pheromones.

The application of pheromones and the sample size of cells were in control by the experimenters. The yeast cell types were exposed to Variant 1-created, Variant 2-created and Wild Type-created pheromones equally.

This helped the researchers in determining the rate of mating without any influence of other factors.

C) Chi-square can be used to evaluate the number of variant 1 type cells with that from wild type.

The observed data includes variant type 1 cells and the expected data includes the wild type cells.

[tex]\rm Chi - square = \dfrac{( Observed - Expected \:values)^{2}}{ \:Expected \:values}[/tex]

The required value with a 95% certainty for the three types is 5.99. The calculated chi-square value is greater than that of critical values.

This shows the difference in the mating of variant and wild type varieties. It also repudiates the null hypothesis.

D) The mutation likely occurred on the receptor site of the variant type that changed the shape of the site binding.

The change in the receptor site will inhibit the pheromones from binding. This will affect the cell differentiation and transduction pathway.

Therefore, mutation on the receptor site indicated the variant and the wild type have different cell differentiation and mating rates. The mutation is responsible for the varied data and not pheromones.

To learn more about cell signaling and pheromones follow the link:

https://brainly.com/question/9772331

if mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the g1 checkpoint, they will:

Answers

If mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, they will complete the cell cycle and divide normally.

What is the Cell Cycle?

The cell cycle may be defined as the entire sequence of events happening from the end of one nuclear division to the beginning of the next nuclear division.

There are three major checkpoints in the cell cycle. One at the end of the G1 phase, the second at the end of the G2 phase, and while third is during the M phase.

Therefore, if mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, they will complete the cell cycle and divide normally.

To learn more about the Cell cycle, refer to the link;

https://brainly.com/question/8283140

#SPJ1

What caused the formation of the moons layer

Answers

Answer:

when an object smashed into early Earth. .Explanation: no explanation just the answer

explain how the internal parts of a leaf are adapted for photosynthesis​

Answers

Explanation:

Leaves have a large surface area so more light hits them. The upper epidermis of the leaf is transparent, allowing light to enter the leaf. The palisade cells contain many chloroplasts which allow light to be converted into energy by the leaf.

what factors determine if a species is fit to survive?

Answers

Answer: variation, reproduction, and heritability.

Explanation:  Genetic variation is an important force in evolution as it allows natural selection to increase or decrease frequency of alleles already in the population. Genetic variation is advantageous to a population because it enables some individuals to adapt to the environment while maintaining the survival of the population.  

All species must reproduce to survive. Organisms cannot live forever, so they must reproduce to allow their species to continue to live on. Reproduction is nature's way of allowing a species to survive.

Higher heritability means the trait evolves faster; fewer generations are required for the trait to increase to the same degree as a trait with lower heritability. For this reason, genetic correlation and heritability show how a trait might change from one generation to the next and into the future.

Out in the distance you see

Answers

i believe the answer is H. Bear.

3. Which of the following statements best explains the purpose of Mitosis?
A. Mitosis is a cellular process that creates a copy of the cell's DNA.
B. Mitosis is a cellular process that creates new organelles inside of the cell.com
C. Mitosis is a process of cell division which creates two genetically identical daughter cells.
D. Mitosis is a cellular process that doubles the amount of chromosomes in a cell.

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

During mitosis, a eukaryotic cell undergoes a carefully coordinated nuclear division that results in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells.

C, it’s clear cells “double” each time

Some fossil snakes have remnants of hip bones and legs even though these animals had no legs. These remnant structures are best described as:

Answers

Some fossil snakes have remnants of hip bones and legs even though these animals had no legs. These remnant structures are best described as: vestigial structures.

Vestigial structures are organic structures that do not appear to fulfill any important biological function in the organism that possesses them.

These structures are preserved as an inheritance of the evolutionary process, because at some point in the history of evolution an ancestor of the current species had that structure.

These types of structures, which can be bones, organs, structures in the skin or any other part of the body, no longer offer any meaningful function for the body.

The presence of vestigial structures in animals is considered proof that evolution and natural selection exists.

Therefore, we can conclude that some fossil snakes have remnants of hip bones and legs even though these animals had no legs. These remnant structures are best described as vestigial structures.

Learn more here: https://brainly.com/question/3217893

How can slime molds be both unicellular and multicellular?

Answers

you look like a daniela

Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction?
A. Produce identical copies of an organism.
B. Produce natural variation to adapt to environmental change.
C. Quickly populate a new habitat.
D. Reproduce very quickly.

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Produce natural variation to adapt to environmental change is an advantage of sexual reproduction. Correct Option is 2.

The advantage of sexual reproduction is that it produces genetic variation within a population. During sexual reproduction, offspring inherit a combination of genes from both parents, leading to unique genetic combinations. This genetic diversity results in natural variation among individuals within a population.

This variation is advantageous because it allows a population to better adapt to changing environmental conditions. In a changing environment, some individuals may possess traits that are better suited to the new conditions, making them more likely to survive and reproduce. Through natural selection, these advantageous traits can become more prevalent in the population over time, enhancing the population's overall ability to adapt and thrive.

Try to know more about reproduction:

https://brainly.com/question/31583989

#SPJ2

What are the two arms of chromosome called?
a. Centromere
b. Chromatid
c. Nucleotides
d. Histones​

Answers

a. centromere

hope this helps

There are two types of reproduction, sexual and asexual Sexual reproduction involves two parents, while asexual reproduction only involves one,
Sort the reproductive processes below according to whether they are asexual or sexual.
ITEM BANK: Move to Bottom
Creation of an egg
Creation of fruit
Mushrooms producing spores
Production of seeds
Stem cuttings of plants
Sexual
Asexual
Budding in yeast
drag and drop answer here
drag and drop answer here

Answers

Creation of an egg- sexual

Creation of a fruit - sexual

Mushrooms producing spores - Sexual

Production of seeds - Sexual

Budding in yeast - Asexual

Stem cuttings of plants - Asexual

How can the rate of photosynthesis be measured using products or reactants.

Answers

Answer:

Theory of Measurements:

Leaf photosynthetic rate is measured by enclosing a leaf in a closed, transparent chamber and measuring the decrease in carbon dioxide concentration as a function of time.

how do you propagate trees​

Answers

Answer:

The simplest method of propagating a tree vegetatively is rooting or taking cuttings. A cutting (usually a piece of stem of the parent plant) is cut off and stuck into soil.

Remove any flowers or fruit on the cutting. Trim the stem to just below where the bottom most leaf meets the stem. On each of the leaves on the stem, cut off half of the leaf. Put the end to be rooted.

Which two atoms form an ionic bond?
A.sodium and bromine
B. two sodium atoms
C. two oxygen atoms
D fluorine and chlorine

Answers

Answer:

sodium and bromine

Explanation:

The one valence electron from sodium would be transferred to the bromine atom so they can both have an octet.

Which two atoms form an ionic bond?

Answer : A

Explanation : Ionic bond is a type of chemical bond and binds the chemical molecules together. Ionic bond is formed by the transfer of electrons from an electropositive element ( metal) to the electronegative element (non metal).

Sodium is an electropositive element and contains one positive charge. Bromine is an electronegative element with a single negative charge over it. Sodium gives the electron to bromine and results in the formation of ionic bond.

Thus, the correct answer is option (C).

Hope this helps you!

An environment in which nonliving substances and living organisms work together is called

A) a population
B) a community
C) an ecosystem


Hi can someone help me w this? thanks!

Answers

Answer:

the answer is

c.) ecosystem

Explanation:

ecosystem is a community of living things and non living things that interact in the same environment

Extra Information:

. Population- is a group of individuals of the same species living within an area

. Species - is a group of individuals that can reproduce naturally with one another and create a fertile offspring

.Community- is a group of living and non living things in the same environment

.Biotic factors - living things such as plants,animals,bacteria,fungi ... that are found in ecosystems

.Abiotic factors - non living things such as water,air,sans,light.. that are found in ecosystems

HOPE THIS HELPDS :D

Answer:

ecosystem

Explanation:

ye

which is not an abiotic factor that could affect a population?

Answers

Answer:

some important abiotic factors Space, water, and climate all help determine a species population.

Explanation:

Processes that add carbon to the atmosphere are called what

Answers

Answer:

Combustion

Explanation:

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the human body?

Answers

Answer:

31 pairs is correct

Explanation:

In the human body there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, one on each side of the vertebral column.
Other Questions
Find the distance from point $A\left(15,-21\right)$ to the line $5x+2y\ =\ 4$ . Round your answer to the nearest tenth. Physical change does not produce a nee substance true or false How to determine basal metabolic rate vs resting metabolic rate. HELP PLS ASAP!!!!!!! I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST, 5 STARS, AND A THANKS PLS HELPEloise bought 2 boxes of crackers to share with her friends. Her friends ate 1/2 of the first box and 2/3 of the second box. How many boxes were left over? A. 1/2 boxB. 3/5 boxC. 5/6 boxD. 1 2/5 box plss help, its pretty easy tho The exchange of factors of production for income occurs in the market. which layer of the earth is moved by convection currents? how do you simplify 2.7 x 6 please help me mathematics = x+2x-24=0 Quante tipo di carte geografica ci sono Pls Help! Will Mark Brainliest!!! Is the system of equations consistent and independent,consistent and dependent, or inconsistent?y= -1/2x +3y= 4x + 2Select the correct answer from the drop-down menu.Choose The 14th amendment stated that everyone was entitled to __________________ to ensure that everyone is treated the same by the government. am 5 letter word, If all the 5 letters are available I am a talent in you, If you remove my first letter I will die, if you remove my first 2 letters will be sick Who am I? Options Reply Back Help help help help help help English For a Brainlist please help me out + give accurate explanation Task A: Fill out the verb chart with the appropriate PRESENT TENSE conjugations by following the examples. Please note for this activity you do not need to know the Vosotros form (used only in Spain).-AR verbscortarTo cutcortocortascortacortamoscortanCocinarAmasar-MachacarAsar- -IR verbshervirfreraadirER verbscomerbeber During Reading Activities:Make predictions as you read Lamb to the Slaughter. Fill out a chart like this one to help you keep track of your predictions. .example :Detail from Story Mary is happily waiting for her husband to come home.Prediction He will be happy to see her, too. find the highest common factor of 9, 12 and 15 A marble is launched at by dropping it through a marble launcher. The marble took 0.22s to land 0.31m fromwhere it was launched. Find the horizontal velocity of the marble as it rolls off the table.A. 1.4m/sB. 0.53m/sC. 0.71 m/sD. 0.07m/s