Review Questions
1. If a diploid eukaryotic cell contains 14 pairs of chromosomes for a total of 2n = 28, how
many chromosomes will be in the resulting products of cellular division if the cell
undergoes: mitosis?meiosis?
2. If a haploid eukaryotic cell contains 10 chromosomes for a total of n = 10. How many
chromosomes will be in the resulting daughter cells if this cell undergoes mitosis?
3. By what process do homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their DNA during
meiosis?
4. In what phase does the answer to #3 occur?
5. How many mature ova will be produced from each primary oocyte?
6. How many mature sperm will be produced from each primary spermatocyte?
7. Do the homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis I or meiosis II?
8. Do the sister chromatids separate during meiosis I or meiosis II?
9. What is a polar body?
10. List the phases of mitosis and briefly describe what happens in each phase:
Answers
Answer:
6==. During spermatogenesis, four sperm result from each primary spermatocyte, which divides into two haploid secondary spermatocytes; these cells will go through a second meiotic division to produce four spermatids
Related Questions
Which of the following sentences uses commas correctly? Carol was the last person out of the house wasn't, she? Carol was the last person, out of the house wasn't she? Carol was the last person out of the house, wasn't she? Carol, was the last person out of the house wasn't she?
Answers
Answer:
The third sentence......................
Explanation:
The correct sentence is Carol was the last person out of the house, wasn't she?
Why is a comma important?Commas help your reader figure out which words go together in a sentence and which parts of your sentences are most important. Using commas incorrectly may confuse the reader, signal ignorance of writing rules, or indicate carelessness.
What are the Rules of commas?Comma Rules
Use a comma after an introductory phrase or clause. Use commas before and after a parenthetical phrase or clause. Use a comma to separate two independent clauses linked by a coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, nor or, so, yet) Use a comma to separate items in a series.Learn more about the use of commas here https://brainly.com/question/2251561
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Write an experiment to show that sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis.
Answers
Answer:
Explanationwe have two or three plants, they both get the same water every day they both get the same amount of soil and fertilizer, one is without sunlight and one is with, after a 2 weeks our results will be found
hope this helps
Most streams result from _____.
a. altitude
b. melted snow
c. oceans
d. rivers
Answers
Answer:
....b........ melted snow
Solve the equation of mava=mbvb max5.0ml=5.2mlx0.10m
Answers
Answer:
0.104M
Explanation:
The following equation is given in this question:
mava=mbvb
Where;
ma = molarity of acid (M)
mb = molarity of base (M)
va = volume of acid (ml)
vb = volume of base (ml)
According to this inputted values;
max5.0ml=5.2mlx0.10m
ma = unknown molarity of acid
mb = 0.10M
va = 5.0ml
vb = 5.2ml
Hence, ma x 5.0ml = 5.2ml x 0.10m
5ma = 0.52
ma = 0.52 ÷ 5
ma = 0.104M
1. What features are located medial to the cranium and the mandible. Identify the category here.
2. How many individual items are included in this category?
Answers
2. There is a total of six individual items in this category.
The human skull is made up of two parts, the cranium, which contains the face and the brain and the only movable bone called the mandible or lower jaw.
The features that are medial to the cranium and the mandible are those structures that are nearer to the mid-line.
The above mentioned features works together to provide the following functions of the cranium:
protection of the delicate structures including the brain, eye and the inner ear.maintaining patency of the nasal passage enabling breathing.the movement of the mandible allows chewing.Learn more here:
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Consider the following statements:
1. RNA is ribonucleic acid.
2. RNA is used for information transport (known as mRNA). Choose the correct answer from the given codes:
A Only 1
B Only 2
C Both
D Neither 1 nor 2
E None of the above
Answers
Answer:
Only A
Explanation:
RNA is used for storing and transporting information through mostly virus only..
What is silk thread?
Answers
que contiene el condón?
Answers
Answer:
plss translate it in English so i Can easyly answer it.
Explanation:
Thank you.
Describe how table salt dissolves in water in 300 words.
Answers
Answer:
salt disloves in 300 words
Answer:
Salt (sodium chloride) is made from positive sodium ions bonded to negative chloride ions. Water can dissolve salt because the positive part of water molecules attracts the negative chloride ions and the negative part of water molecules attracts the positive sodium ions.
Explanation:
When sodium chloride is dissolved in water, the polar water molecules are able to work their way in between the individual ions in the lattice. The water molecules surround the negative chloride ions and positive sodium ions and pull them away into the solution. This process is called dissociation.
A particular cross gives a modified dihybrid ratio of 9:7. What phenotypic ratio would you expect in a testcross of the fully heterozygous F1 crossed with the fully recessive type
Answers
Answer:
3:1
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files.
Two species of closely related frogs are found in the same pond high in the Andes of South America. Both species only have teeth on the top jaw. One has small teeth for holding small live prey prior to swallowing. The other species has very large sharp teeth for injuring and killing large prey prior to biting off pieces of flesh for consumption. The above is an example of:
Answers
Complete question:
Two species of closely related frogs are found in the same pond high in the Andes of South America. Both species only have teeth on the top jaw. One has small teeth for holding small live prey prior to swallowing. The other species has very large sharp teeth for injuring and killing large prey prior to biting off pieces of flesh for consumption. The above is an example of:
Directional selectionAnalogous structuresCharacter displacementHybridization Vestigial structuresAnswer:
Character displacementExplanation:
Competition is an ecological and evolutive process very common in nature. Competition might be intra- or interspecific. Competition between different species in a community or ecosystem might be due to the same resource use, or the same territory, shelter, etcetera. When a resource is useful for two or more species, and limited, they compete to gain it.
The principle of competitive exclusion states that different species with the same requirements sharing the niche can not coexist indefinitely based on the same limited resource. When two competing species coexist, this is because of niche partitioning or niche differentiation.
Differentiation of effective niche is closely related to character displacement.
Character displacement is the result of interspecific competition, in which two or more species that live in the same habitat manage to avoid competition by developing different traits. Morphological divergence, or any adaptative trait development, fixated genetically, is the product of niche segregation. Species tend to differentiate morphologically in the presence of strong competitors. Traits divergence favors coexistence in the same place.
In the exposed example, both species live in the same pond. But to avoid competition and competitive exclusion, species developed different teeth sizes to feed on different prey items.
Unlike other plants, trees are plants living for several years thus they are
A. Annual
B.shade
C.perennial
D. Fence
Answers
hope this helps!
which property has not been observed for membrane proteins being degraded for energy during biological pathways
Answers
Answer:
energy storage
Explanation:
Membrane proteins are proteins that are either form part of or interact with cell membranes. Based on their interactions, membrane proteins can be categorized into integral proteins, which are a permanent part of a cell membrane, and peripheral proteins, which adhere temporarily to the cell membrane. Membrane proteins play many critical functions, for example, 1-they are involved in the passive and active transport of substances across cell membranes, 2-act as enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions, 3-act as receptors that bind specific molecules (such as hormones or neurotransmitters) in order to activate signaling cascades, 4-mediate communication between cells, 5-provide a mechanical link between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton, etc.
3. A bacterial isolate from a urine specimen was grown in culture, Gram stained, and then tested for its ability to ferment sugars and hydrolyze various subtrates. What approach to bacterial identification is this an example of
Answers
Answer:
Phenotypic approach for bacterial identification
Explanation:
Bacterial identification can be done by conventional methods, which are based on phenotypical characteristics. These methods are much affordable and reasonable.
Phenotypical identification is based on bacteria´s observable characteristics, such as their morphology, development, and biochemical/metabolic properties.
It is important to consider that these methods do not provide absolute certainty. They can only indicate the genera or species to which the bacteria under study may belong.
Some primary evidence is usually used for fast bacteria identification:
Gram staining, morphology, growth at different media or different incubation atmospheres, glucose fermentation, spores production, motion, aerobiosis/anaerobiosis, among others.Knowing that the bacteria in the exposed example was isolated and grown in culture, then Gram-stained and tested for biochemical reaction, we can assume that the approach for its identification is phenotypic.
Which of the cardiac cell characteristics describes the
ability to initiate an electrical impulse?
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is: automaticity.
Explanation:
Cardiac muscle has several properties. These properties are: automaticity (given by the pacemaker cells), conductivity (meaning that each cardiac cell can transmit the electrical impulse to the next cardiac cells), contractility (like other types of muscles, cardiac muscle cells can contract), and irritability (each cell can contract on its own without the external stimuli).
Cardiac pacemaker cells are the ones with the capacity to initiate the electrical impulse by creating rhythmic impulses called action potentials, and thus directly regulating heart rate.
Pacemaker cells are located in the sinoatrial (SA) node, in the upper portion of the right atrial wall. In these cells, depolarization of the cardiac muscle begins, and the electrical impulse generated by it is transmitted to the atrioventricular (AV) node, the His bundle and then the Purkinje fibers - this order of events is necessary for the correct contraction of the heart to occur. All of these structures are part of the Conduction System of the heart.
P is an autosomal dominant allele that produces a pigment, p is a recessive allele that produces no pigment. A pigmented and a non-pigmented organism mate and produce a pigmented offspring. They then mate and produce a non-pigmented offspring. What is the probability the next offspring will be pigmented
Answers
Answer:3/4
Explanation:4 possibilities, 3 dominant
If a pigmented and non-pigmented organism mate and produce a pigmented organism, which mate again and produce non-pigmented organisms, the probability that the next offspring will be pigmented is ¾ as P is the dominant, pigment-producing allele.
What are dominant alleles?The association between two genetic variants is referred to as dominant. Each gene has two alleles that an individual inherits from each parent. One allele of a gene, known as the dominant gene, will be expressed if the alleles are different. The impact of the additional allele, known as the recessive one, is concealed.
If one is in charge, the other must be recessive. Then it is referred to as recessive. A dominant gene, or dominant form of a gene, is a specific variant of a gene that expresses itself more powerfully on its own than any other version of the gene that the individual is carrying—in this example, the recessive—for a variety of reasons.
Now, it mainly refers to patterns of inheritance typically used in combination with a Punnett square, where if a person has two copies of a gene and one is shown to frequently be passed down from one generation to another, it is referred to as dominant.
According to biochemistry, what is happening in this situation is that the genetic variant may, for a variety of reasons, cause a cell to perform a very advantageous or very disadvantageous function that the other version of the gene cannot cover up or counteract.
Therefore, the probability that the next offspring will be pigmented is ¾ as P is the dominant, pigment-producing allele.
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The genetic code is defined degenerate or even redundant because:
A. the same codon codes for different amino acids
B. an amino acid can be encoded by several codons
C is different in all organisms, except in monozygotic twins
D. the sequence of codons is not separated by intervals, but is continuous
E. the structure of the genes is constantly mutating
Answers
Answer:
B. an amino acid can be encoded by several codons
Explanation:
The genetic code refers to the set of rules that govern how the four nitrogenous bases (A,U,G,C) is arranged to form amino acids. The genetic code is a collection of all the CODONS formed. There are different characteristics of the genetic code and one of them is its REDUNDANCY.
Since there are 4 nitrogenous bases combined in three's to form a codon i.e. 4³, there are 64 possible codons that could form 20 maximum amino acids. This means that there are more codons in relation to amino acids. Hence, more than one codon can encode an amino acid, and this is referred to as REDUNDANCY of the genetic code.
For example, LEUCINE amino acid is encoded by 6 codons as follows: UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG.
Many of the phenotypes of DiGeorge syndrome have been traced back to one of the genes that is in the deleted region, TBX1. Some of the evidence for the important role of TBX1 in DiGeorge syndrome came from individuals who have some of the symptoms of DiGeorge syndrome without having the typical deletion. Closer examination showed that some of these individuals had SNV in the TBX1 gene. Which of the following SNVS would be most likely to create a similar phenotype to the deletion?
A. A variant in the promoter region of TBX1 that increases its expression
B. A variant in the intronic region of TBX1 that does not affect splicing. X
C. A nonsense variant near the 5' end of the TBX1 gene.
D. A silent variant near the 5' end of the TBX1 gene.
Answers
Answer:
D. A silent variant near the 5' end of the TBX1 gene.
Explanation:
TBX1 gene is wild type human being. It gives instructions for making protein called T-box 1. It plays an important role in tissue formation and organs during embryonic development.
explain what it means to view something from a frae of reference. provide an example that illustrate your explanation.
Answers
Answer:
ex. where you are standing now
a perspective that one uses to determine if an object is moving.
Explanation:
in physics, a frame of reference, or reference frame, is a perspective that one uses to determine if an object is moving. ... For example, when you see a ball roll down a street, you can tell the ball is moving because the frame of reference is the streets, whatever may be on the side of the roads, or the Earth.
wikipedia
Afferont neurons
a.transmit sensory input to the CNS
b.are multipolar neurons
c.have many dendrites and a single long axon
d.are found only within the brain and spinal cord
Answers
Answer:
a.transmit sensory input to the CNS
Explanation:
Afferent neurons will take input from your muscles, skin etc. and send it to your CNS (usually via spinal nerves).
When a neuron is stimulated and sodium channels open, the process of has begun. Structures of the nervous system surrounding, but not part of the central nervous system are part of the . Two consecutive neurons communicate at a , where they physically come together. are a group of natural chemicals that reduce the perception of pain. Supporting cells of the nervous system are collectively called . When potassium channels have been open long enough to go below resting membrane potential, has occurred.
Answers
Answer:
- When a neuron is stimulated and sodium channels open, the process of depolarization has begun.
- Structures of the nervous system surrounding, but not part of the central nervous system are part of the peripheral nervous system
- Two consecutive neurons communicate at a synapse, where they physically come together.
- Endorphins are a group of natural chemicals that reduce the perception of pain.
- Supporting cells of the nervous system are collectively called neuroglia
- When potassium channels have been open long enough to go below resting membrane potential, hyperpolarization has occurred.
Explanation:
Neurons undergo depolarization in response to diverse stimuli (e.g., heat, light, electrical, chemical, etc). The depolarization occurs when sodium (Na+) ions pass through specific channels (i.e., open voltage-gated Na+ channels) into a neuron, which causes an increase in the positivity of membrane potential. On the other hand, hyperpolarization occurs when potassium (K+) channels remain open and Na+ channels reset, thereby producing an increase in negativity of membrane potential. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is composed of the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, peripheral nerves, and neuromuscular junctions, which connect the Central nervous system (CNS) to the organs, limbs, and skin. Endorphins (e.g., serotonin) are polypeptides secreted by the pituitary gland and CNS to relieve stress and pain. Neuroglia refers to a class of neural cells that have ectodermal (e.g., astroglia, peripheral glial cells) or mesodermal (e.g., microglia) origins. Neuroglia cells are involved in diverse roles, including, among others, the formation of the blood-brain barrier, homeostatic support, provision of nutrients for neurons, structural support to nerve cells, etc.
In a certain population, the allele causing sickle cell anemia has a frequency of 0.2. If the population is in genetic equilibrium for this allele, what fraction of the population would be heterozygous for this gene
Answers
Answer:
32% population would be heterozygous for this gene.
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files
define cell and atom.....
Answers
Cell: A cell is the structural and fundamental unit of life. The study of cells from its basic structure to the functions of every cell organelle is called Cell Biology.
Atom: atom is the smallest component of an element, characterized by a sharing of the chemical properties of the element and a nucleus with neutrons, protons and electrons. The protons and the neutrons reside in the nucleus.
whats the difference between atom and cell?
function wise atoms take part in every chemical reaction while cells are responsible for the development and growth of living existences. Atoms do not have life. They do not need food, water, and they do not reproduce. Cells are alive. Cells consume food and water and can reproduce. Atoms construct molecules and Cells make tissues for organs.
Which of the following events contributes to the termination of a signal generated by the binding of a ligand to a receptor tyrosine kinase? Only one answer is correct
1. Phosphatases hydrolyze key phosphorylated residues.
2. Kinases hydrolyze key phosphorylated residues.
3. Kinases phosphorylate key residues.
4. The receptor tyrosine kinase dimerizes.
5. GTPase removes a phosphoryl group from GTP.
6. Phosphatases phosphorylate key residues.
Answers
Answer:
1. Phosphatases hydrolyze key phosphorylated residues.
Explanation:
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) are high-affinity transmembrane protein receptors that bind to a wide variety of ligands (e.g., growth factors, cytokines, hormones). These receptors (RTKs) have a transmembrane domain and therefore these proteins act as membrane receptors, as well as exhibit catalytic activity. The intracellular C terminal region of RTKs contains catalytic domains responsible for both autophosphorylation and tyrosine phosphorylation of their protein substrates. Moreover, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTPs) are critical enzymes that remove phosphate groups from tyrosine residues in different substrates (including RTKs), thereby regulating key signaling pathways such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell-cell adhesion.
¿Qué nombres reciben los tejidos que dan
origen a los tejidos adultos de las plantas?
a. Tejidos diferenciados
b. Tejidos indiferenciados (meristemos)
c. Tejidos vegetales
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Which actions could be categorized in the “aerobic” section of the Venn diagram?
Answers
Answer:
Starts process with a glucose molecule (Obtaining ATP begins with a breakdown of a glucose molecule (hence the name of glycose), and this is in common with the anaerobic process since this step does not require oxygen.)
Explanation:
❣️ꈍ jess bragoli ꈍ❣️#keep learning!!
Answer:
If your doing the test on edgen then the answers are A.)consists of three stages, B.)yields 36 ATP molecules and, E.)starts process with a glucose molecule
Explanation:
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The importance of water properties on plants and animals
Answers
The importance of water properties on plants and animals.
Answer:The importance of water in plants is that it helps plants to make their own food, because water plays a very important role in Photosynthesis, and as well it helps them to grow.
The important of water in animals is that it is main need for animals to survive as well as humans. Without water even a single organism won't exist in this Earth.
Hope it helps you :)The human body is made up of more than three-fourths of water, and all animals and plants require water to thrive.
Why water is essential for plants and animals?Water is used by all living things to transport nutrients throughout the body and remove waste. Among its many crucial functions, water aids in the digestion of food and the preservation of organisms' heat.
The term "universal solvent" refers to water's enormous capacity to dissolve a wide range of molecules, and it is this capacity that makes water such a priceless life-sustaining agent.
Water's function as a solvent aids cells in the transfer and utilization of molecules like oxygen or nutrients on a biological level.
Therefore, to do all the cellular processes by plants and animals there is need of water.
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an ion is formed when an atom
Answers
Answer:
The basic unit of the chemical elements
2 True or False. A projectleie an object that once set in motion continues in motion by its own martia O True False
Answers
Answer:
The answer is true.Explanation:PARTICLES MOVING ALONG THE PATH POSSES A TWO DIMENSIONAL MOTIONMARK ME AS BRAINIST PLZ
Below is a mature eukaryotic mRNA transcript. Translate this mRNA into a protein, also showing the tRNA anticodons involved. Make sure you start and end translation in the right place! Label the ends of the polypeptide chain as N and C terminus.
mRNA: 5'GMUUACAUGCGGCUCAGUUGAGGCGAAAAAA 3'
tRNA:
amino acids:
Answers
Answer:
mRNA ⇒ 5'GMU UAC AUG CGG CUC AGU UGA GGC GAA AAA A 3'
tRNA ⇒ UAC GCC GAG UCA ACU
protein ⇒ N - MET ARG LEU SER Stop - C
Explanation:
In protein synthesis, the ribosome reads mRNA in the 5´ to 3´ direction, and, according to the codons that are being readen, tRNA transfers the correct amino acids to build the polypeptide chain. A codon is a short sequence of three nucleotides that store the genetic information for the aminoacids´ assembly. Each tRNA has two important sites. One of them that couples with the codon of the mRNA molecule, named anticodon. The other site couples with an amino acid. tRNA allows amino acids to align according to the nucleotidic sequence in the mRNA molecule.
Once the new amino acid links to the growing peptidic chain, the binding between the amino acid and the tRNA molecule breaks. The tRNA is now free to join another amino acid and repeat the cycle.
The protein is synthesized from the amino terminus to the carboxy terminus, while the added amino acids to the chain are coded by a codon formed by three bases in the mRNA. mARNs also have a start and end codon that are the signals of the synthesis initiation and finish. When the ribosome reaches the end codon, protein synthesis is over.
Each of the codons represents one of the 20 amino acids used to build the protein. Each amino acid can be codified by more than one codon. From the total 64 codons, 61 codify amino acids, and one of them is a start codon. The left three codons are stopping translation points.
The codons indicating the initiation or stop points during the translation process are:
• The start codon AUG is the most common sequence used by eukaryotic cells and places near the 5´extreme of the molecule.
• The end codons are UAA, UAG, UGA.
Protein synthesis initiates in the AUG start codon -Metionin-, and ends when reaching either of the stop codons UAA, UAG, UGA.
In the exposed example we have the following mRNA.
mRNA ⇒ 5'GMU UAC AUG CGG CUC AGU UGA GGC GAA AAA A 3'
Codons are separated by a space left between them. AUG is the start codon placed near the 5´ extreme. UGA is the end codon near the 3´ extreme. tRNA will add amino acids from the start codon, not before.
tRNA ⇒ UAC GCC GAG UCA ACU
Anticodons are separated by a space left between them.
protein ⇒ N - MET ARG LEU SER Stop - C
Each mRNA codon codifies for an amino acid. The start codon codifies for methionine. AUG = Met, CGG = Arg, CUC = Leu, AGU = Ser, UGA = Stop codon. The amino terminus is represented as an N and the carboxy terminus is a C. The first extreme to be translated carries the amino-terminal group, while the other extreme carries the carboxy-terminus group.
