Sauer Milk Inc. wants to determine the minimum cost of capital point for the firm. Assume it is considering the following financial plans: Cost (aftertax) Weights Plan A Debt 3.0 % 15 % Preferred stock 6.0 10 Common equity 10.0 75 Plan B Debt 3.2 % 25 % Preferred stock 6.2 10 Common equity 11.0 65 Plan C Debt 4.0 % 35 % Preferred stock 6.7 10 Common equity 10.6 55 Plan D Debt 7.0 % 45 % Preferred stock 7.6 10 Common equity 12.6 45 a-1. Compute the weighted average cost for four plans.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Plan A = 8.55%

Plan A =8.57%

Plan A =7.9%

Plan A =6.58%

Explanation:

The weighted average cost of capital can be computed by multiplying the Cost of capital (after tax) with the weights. The weighted average cost for four plans are as follows

WACC = Cost of capital x Weights

PLAN A

                                Weights      Cost of capital      WACC

Debt                         3.0 %                    15 %                0.45%    

Preferred stock       6.0                        10%                0.6%

Common equity      10.0                      75%               7.5%

WACC                                                                          8.55%

PLAN B

                                Weights      Cost of capital      WACC

Debt                         3.2 %                  25%                0.8%    

Preferred stock       6.2                      10%                0.62%

Common equity      11.0                      65%               7.15%

WACC                                                                         8.57%

PLAN C

                                Weights      Cost of capital      WACC

Debt                          4.0 %                   35 %                1.4%    

Preferred stock        6.7                        10%                0.67%

Common equity       10.6                      55%               5.83%

WACC                                                                          7.90%

PLAN D

                                Weights      Cost of capital      WACC

Debt                         7.0 %                   45 %                3.15%    

Preferred stock       7.6                       10%                 0.76%

Common equity       12.6                     45%                5.67%

WACC                                                                          6.58%


Related Questions

Waterway has a standard of 2 hours of labor per unit, at $12 per hour. In producing 3800 units, Waterway used 7350 hours of labor at a total cost of $89670. Waterway's labor quantity variance is

Answers

Answer:

Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= $3,000 favorable

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Standard= 2 hours of labor per unit, at $12 per hour.

In producing 3800 units, Waterway used 7350 hours of labor.

To calculate the direct labor quantity variance, we need to use the following formula:

Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= (Standard Quantity - Actual Quantity)*standard rate

Standard quantity= 2*3,800= 7,600 hours

Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= (7,600 - 7,350)*12

Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= $3,000 favorable

Identify the type of cash flow activity for each of the following events (operating, investing, or financing): a. Redeemed bonds be. Issued preferred stock c. Paid cash dividends d. Net income e. Sold equipment f. Purchased treasury stock go. Purchased patents h. Purchased buildings i. Sold long-term investments j. Issued bonds k. Issued common stock

Answers

Answer is given below

Explanation:

type of cash flow activity

a. Redeemed bonds   ---------------Fiancing

b Issued preferred stock -----------Fiancing

c. Paid cash dividends --------------Fiancing

d. Net income --------------------------Operating

e. Sold equipment --------------------Investing

f. Purchased treasury stock -------Fiancing

g. Purchased patents ----------------Investing

h. Purchased buildings -------------Investing

i. Sold long-term investments ----Investing

j. Issued bonds ------------------------Fiancing

k. Issued common stock -----------Fiancing

Brunette Company is contemplating investing in a new piece of manufacturing machinery. The amount to be invested is $180,000. The present value of the future cash flows generated by the project is $163,000. Should they invest in this project?

Answers

Answer:

No,  as the net present value comes in negative

Explanation:

As we know that

Net present value = Present value of cash inflows - Initial investment

where,

Present value os $163,000

And, the initial investment is $180,000

Now placing these values to the above formula

So, the net present value is

= $163,000 - $180,000

= -$17,000

Therefore the company should not accept the project as net present value is in negative that is -$17,000

In a(n) _____ decision, there may be several "right" answers, and there is no precise way to get a right answer. A. recurring B. ad hoc C. nonstructured D. structured

Answers

Answer:

C. nonstructured

Explanation:

-Recurring decision refers to a decision that has to be made regularly.

-Ad hoc decision refers to a decision made for a specific situation.

-Nonstructured decision is a decision that can have multiple solutions that are correct and you don't have a form to define which one is the right option.

-Structured decision is when you make a decision using a process that has been established to manage a specific situation.

According to this, the answer is that in a(n) nonstructured decision, there may be several "right" answers, and there is no precise way to get a right answer.

"PowerSurge, a company selling batteries in a monopolistically competitive market, collected the data below of revenues and costs. Assuming the firm is producing at the profit-maximizing level of output, calculate total profit for PowerSurge."

Answers

Answer:

Since the firm is maximizing its profit, it is producing and selling 40 units at $30 per unit, resulting in a net profit of $440.

Explanation:

Sine there is no information, I searched for a similar question:

Q             Sales revenue        Total costs           Profit

10                      $450                $340                  $110

20                     $800                $480                  $320

30                     $1,050              $620                  $430

40                     $1,200              $760                  $440

50                     $1,250              $900                  $350

60                     $1,200              $1,040                $160

70                     $1,050              $1,180                -$130

80                     $800                $1,320               -$520

90                     $450                $1,460               -$1,010

The following data relate to factory overhead cost for the production of 10,000 computers: Actual: Variable factory overhead $262,000 Fixed factory overhead 90,000 Standard: 14,000 hrs. at $25 350,000 If productive capacity of 100% was 15,000 hours and the total factory overhead cost budgeted at the level of 14,000 standard hours was $356,000, determine the variable factory overhead controllable variance, fixed factory overhead volume variance, and total factory overhead cost variance. The fixed factory overhead rate was $6.00 per hour. Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number.

Answers

Answer:

Calculation of variable overhead controllable variance

Standard hours allowed for 10,000 computers = 14,000 hours

Budgeted variable expense = Standard hours allowed * variable overhead rate

= 14,000 * ($25 - $6)

= $266,000

Variable overhead controllable variance = Actual variable overhead expense - Budgeted variable overhead expense

= $262,000 - $266,000

=$4,000 (Unfavorable)

Calculation of fixed overhead volume variance:

Applied overhead = Number of computers produced * Fixed overhead rate

= 10,000 * $6.00

= $60,000

Budgeted fixed overhead = $90,000

Fixed overhead volume variance = Budgeted fixed overhead - Applied fixed overhead

 = $90,000 - $60,000

= $30,000 (Favorable)

Calculation of Total factory overhead volume variance:

Total factory overhead cost variance = Variable overhead controllable variance + Fixed overhead volume variance

= - $4,000 + $30,000

= $26,000 (Favorable)

Cost of common stock: Whitewall Tire Co. just paid a $1.60 dividend on its common shares. If Whitewall is expected to increase its annual dividend by 2 percent per year into the foreseeable future and the current price of Whitewall common shares is $11.66, what is the cost of common stock for Whitewall

Answers

Answer:

Cost of common stock for Whitewall is 16.00%

Explanation:

Ke = D1 / Price +g

D1 = Ke (Price + g)

D1 = $1.60 * (1+0.02)

D1 = $1.60 * (1.02)

D1 = $1.632

Ke = D1 / Price +g

We solve for Current dividend to derive the Cost of common stick  

Ke = 1.632 / (11.66) + 2%

Ke =  1.632 / 11.66 + 0.02

Ke =  0.139966 + 0.02

Ke =  0.159966

Ke =  15.9966%

Ke =  16.00%

g Once supply side effects are taken into​ account, tax cuts for labor income can change i. the supply of labor ii. potential GDP. iii. the growth rate of potential GDP.

Answers

Answer:

i, ii

Explanation:

a Tax is a compulsory sum levied by the government on income, goods or services. A tax cut would increase the supply of labour. As a result, the supply of labour would increase. As a result of the increase in labour, there would be an increase in potential GDP

John is considering purchasing a commercial building. His accountant is working with him to determine the property’s value to John. The initial cost of an investment property plus the cost of any additional improvements less qualified deductions represents the:

Answers

Answer:

Adjusted basis

Explanation:

Adjusted basis in accounting is used to calculate the net value of an asset. This is done by reducing depreciation deductions from the original value and adding capital expenses like cost of improvement.

This method is best used when there is need to get accurate gain and loss records, and for tax purposes.

In the given scenario John's accountant is using the adjusted basis when he calculates initial cost of an investment property plus the cost of any additional improvements less qualified deductions

Assume the Residential Division of KappyKappy Faucets had the following results last year:
Net sales $6,360,000
Operating income 636,000
Average total assets 5,300,000
Management's target rate of return 16%
What is the division's return on investment?

Answers

Answer:

12%

Explanation:

Calculation for the division's return on investment

Using this formula

Return On Investment = Operating income /Average total assets

Let plug in the formula

Return on investment= $636,000/$5,300,000

Return on investment= 0.12*100

Return on investment=12%

Therefore the division's return on investment will be $12%

TB MC Qu. 6-75 Kuzio Corporation produces and ... Kuzio Corporation produces and sells a single product. Data concerning that product appear below: Per Unit Percent of Sales Selling price $ 150 100 % Variable expenses 75 50 % Contribution margin $ 75 50 % The company is currently selling 6,500 units per month. Fixed expenses are $184,000 per month. The marketing manager believes that a $7,800 increase in the monthly advertising budget would result in a 190 unit increase in monthly sales. What should be the overall effect on the company's monthly net operating income of this change

Answers

Answer:

Effect on income= $6,450 increase

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Contribution margin= $75

The marketing manager believes that a $7,800 increase in the monthly advertising budget would result in a 190 unit increase in monthly sales.

To calculate the effect on income, we need to use the following formula:

Effect on income= increase in contribution margin - increase in fixed costs

Effect on income= 190*75 - 7,800

Effect on income= $6,450 increase

g If the risk-free rate is 5%, return on the market is 8%, and beta is 0.5, a stock with a return of 7% is likely: Group of answer choices Correctly valued Undervalued None of the options Overvalued

Answers

Answer:

The stock is undervalued. As the required rate of return (6.5%) on market is less than the actual return (7%), the stock is said to be undervalued as it provides an actual return greater than the required rate of return.

Explanation:

To check if a stock is over valued, undervalued or correctly valued, we simply compare the required rate of return on a stock as measured by CAPM with the actual return on the stock.

We can calculate the required rate of return using CAPM equation. The formula for required rate of return under CAPM is,

r = rRf + Beta * (rM - rRF)

Where,

rRf is the risk free raterM is the return on market

r = 0.05 + 0.5 * (0.08 - 0.05)

r = 0.065 or 6.5%

As the required rate of return on market is less than the actual return, the stock is said to be undervalued as it provides an actual return greater than the required rate of return.

Answer:

Undervalued

Explanation:

to determine if the stock is overvalued or undervalued, we have to determine the expected rate of return using the CAPM and compare it with the return of the stock

Expected rate of return = risk free + beta x (market rate of return - risk free rate of return)

5% + 0.5(8% - 5%) = 6.5%

the stock is undervalued because 6.5% is less than 7%

Zane, a new employee, is eager to get a promotion soon, and he hopes he can quickly rise through the ranks at the company. He decides to ask his supervisor, Mary, for professional development advice. This is an example of which of the following types of communication?
a. Downward
b. None of these are correct.
c. Upward
d. Horizontal
e. Diagonal

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Upward communication is communication from lower hierarchy in the organisation to higher hierarchy in the organisation

Downward communication is communication from higher hierarchy in the organisation to lower hierarchy in the organisation

Horizontal communication is communication within the same organisation hierarchy

Diagonal communication is cross functional communication between employees at different levels of the organisation

Assume that the hourly cost to operate a commercial airplane follows the normal distribution with a mean of $5,793 per hour and a standard deviation of $439. What is the operating cost for the lowest 2% of the airplanes?

Answers

Answer:

x1 = 4891.294

Explanation:

given data

mean μ =  $5,793

standard deviation  σ =  $439

solution

we know here that

P(x < x1 ) = 0.02     .................1

so

[tex]P(\frac{x-\mu }{\sigma } < \frac{x1-\mu }{\sigma }) = 0.02[/tex]

so

[tex]P(z < \frac{x1-\mu }{\sigma }) = 0.02[/tex]

[tex]\frac{x1-\mu }{\sigma }[/tex]  = invNorm(0.02)

so

x1 = μ + σ × invNorm(0.02)    .....................2

we use here table for invNorm(0.02) and put value in eq 2

x1 = 5793 + 439 × (-2.054 )

x1 = 4891.294

I have question with it can you help me please??​

Answers

Answer:

Pick-up Later:

Set a pickup date

Process the transaction

Place all the items in the pickup area near the front of the store

Place a note on the items indicating they are sold.

Explanation:

The purpose of the above procedure is to enable the customer to take delivery of purchased goods hitch-free.  The pick-up area needs to be covered against rain so that the mulch and topsoil do not degrade.  It is assumed that the customer's contact information and payment have been secured before the arrangement for pick-up later.

Digby's turnover rate for this year is 6.33%. This rate is projected to remain the same next year and no further downsizing will occur from automating. What would the total recruiting cost be for Digby, assuming it spends the same amount extra above the $1,000 recruiting base as they did this year?

Answers

Answer:

Total recruitment cost = $316.5

Explanation:

Note:

Given question is incomplete,

The number of employees = 5,000

Given:

Turnover rate for this year = 6.33%

Find:

Total recruitment cost

Computation:

Total recruitment cost = Turnover rate for this year × The number of employees

Total recruitment cost = 5,000 × 6.33%

Total recruitment cost = $316.5

The total recruiting cost will be $316.5 for Digby.

Given information

Assumed the number of employees is 5,000

Turnover rate for this year = 6.33%

Total recruitment cost = Turnover rate for this year * The number of employees

Total recruitment cost = 5,000 *  6.33%

Total recruitment cost = $316.5

Therefore, the total recruiting cost will be $316.5 for Digby.

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brainly.com/question/17092501

The managerial accountant at Space Right Office Cubicles calculates fixed overhead variances to complete the August report. The actual fixed overhead cost in the month of August was and the budgeted fixed overhead cost was . The standard hours in August were and the standard rate per machinehour was . Calculate the standard fixed overhead cost allocated to​ production, the fixed overhead budget​ variance, and the fixed overhead volume variance. A. ​; ​F; U B. ​; ​F; U C. ​; ​F; U D. ​; ​F; U

Answers

Answer: d. $36,400; $1700 F; $500 U

Explanation:

1. Standard fixed overhead cost allocated to​ production

= Standard Hours * Standard rate per machine hour

= 2,600 * 14

= $36,400

2.  Fixed overhead budget​ variance

= Budget overhead cost - Actual overhead cost

= 36,900 - 35,200

= $1,700 favorable

3. Fixed Overhead Volume Variance

= Standard fixed overhead cost - Budgeted overhead

= 36,400 - 36,900

= -$500

= $500 Unfavorable

Which of the following statements is true of the new product development process? Question 8 options: 1) Commercialization is the process of inviting broad communities of people such as customers, employees, and scientists into the new product innovation process. 2) The purpose of the idea screening stage is to create a large number of ideas. 3) The concept testing stage is the stage at which the product and its proposed marketing program are introduced into realistic market settings. 4) Under the business analysis stage, if the new product satisfies the company's objectives, the product then moves to the product development stage. 5) A product concept is the way consumers perceive an actual or potential product.

Answers

Answer: 4) Under the business analysis stage, if the new product satisfies the company's objectives, the product then moves to the product development stage.

Explanation:

The Business Analysis stage of the New Product Development Process is a more in-depth analysis of the product to find out the viability of the product in the market and what it means for the firm.

Here the big questions are asked such as;

The Cost of the product to produceIf adequate profit will be generatedProjected market demandExisting competitors etc

Once these questions have been answered and other analysis made and the company is satisfied, the product can then move to the Product Development Stage.

It is true that under the business analysis stage, if a new product satisfies the company's objectives, it moves to the product development stage.

In a New Product Development Process, the Business Analysis stage entails in-depth analysis of the product to find out the viability of the product in the market and what it means for the firm.

The questions asked in the  Business Analysis stage includes:

The Cost of the product to produce If adequate profit will be generated Projected market demand Existing competitors

In conclusion, it is true that under the business analysis stage, if a new product satisfies the company's objectives, it moves to the product development stage.

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brainly.com/question/13525723

Suppose the price level and value of the U.S. Dollar in year 1 are 1 and $1, respectively. Instructions: Round your answers to 2 decimal places. a. If the price level rises to 1.35 in year 2, what is the new value of the dollar?

Answers

Answer:

0.74

Explanation:

Data provided  in the question

Price level = 1.35

According to the given situation, the computation of the new value of the dollar is shown below:-

The New value of the dollar = 1 ÷ Price level

= 1 ÷ 1.35

= 0.74074

or

= 0.74

Therefore for computing the new value of the dollar we simply applied the above formula.

Moped, Inc. purchased machinery at a cost of $44,000 on January 1, 2017. The expected useful life is 5 years and the asset is expected to have salvage value of $4,000. Moped depreciates its assets using the double-declining balance method. What is the firm's depreciation expense for the year ended December 31, 2017?

Answers

Answer:

Annual depreciation= $16,000

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Purchase price= $44,000

Useful life= 5 years

Salvage value= $4,000

To calculate the depreciation expense under the double-declining balance, we need to use the following formula:

Annual depreciation= 2*[(book value)/estimated life (years)]

Annual depreciation= 2*[(44,000 - 4,000) / 5]

Annual depreciation= 16,000

1. The Lounge Company manufactures slippers and sells them at $10 a pair. Variable manufacturing cost is $4.75 a​ pair, and allocated fixed manufacturing cost is $0.75 a pair. It has enough idle capacity available to accept a​ one-time-only special order of 30,000 pairs of slippers at $5.50 a pair. Lounge will not incur any marketing costs as a result of the special order. What would the effect on operating income be if the special order could be accepted without affecting normal​ sales: (a)​ $0, (b) $22,500 ​increase, (c) $142,500 ​increase, or​ (d) $165,000 ​increase? Show your calculations. 2. The St. Paul Company manufactures Part No. 498 for use in its production line. The manufacturing cost per unit for 25,000 units of Part No. 498 is as​ follows:

Answers

Answer:

1. The Lounge Company

The effect on operating income be if the special order could be accepted without affecting normal​ sales:

(b) $22,500 ​increase

2. Manchester

Explanation:

1. The Lounge Company:

Selling price = $10 per pair

Variable manufacturing cost = $4.75 per pair

Allocated fixed manufacturing cost = $0.75 per pair

Total manufacturing costs = $5.50

Special order of 30,000 pairs

Price of special order = $5.50 per pair

Sales value of special special order = $165,000 (30,000 x $5.50)

Manufacturing cost for special order:

Based on full cost = $165,000 (30,000 x $5.50)

Based on variable cost = $142,500 (30,000 x $4.75)

Contribution = $22,500 ($165,000 - $142,500)

The special order will not bring about any increase in operating income if the full cost is used to determine the net income.  If, however, the variable cost is used, considering that The Lounge Company has idle capacity, then there is a contribution of $22,500 to the operating income.

A brand manager for a certain company must determine how much time to allocate between radio and television advertising during the next month. Market research has provided estimates of the audience exposure for each minute of advertising in each​ medium, which it would like to maximize. Costs per minute of advertising are also​ known, and the manager has a limited budget of ​

Answers

Answer:

Optimization

Explanation:

Since we were told that the brand manager has limited budget of $25,000 which makes the manager to decide that television adverts is much more effective than radio adverts making him to allocates, at least 70% of the time to television, based on this I wiill run OPTIMIZATION test reason been that optimization will help and enable me to make the best or most effective use of available resource which will in turn Reduce costs while improving the performance which is why the brand manager decide to allocate 70% to Television in order to make the business more efficient as well as cost effective.

Entity A supplies planed timber, paint, varnish, springs, upholstery, and cushioning to Entity B, which produces a ready to use furniture. Entity C is the marketing department of Entity B. In this context, ______.

Answers

Answer:

A is an upstream supply chain member while C is the downstream chain member

Explanation:

There are two portions of the supply i.e downstream and upstream. In the upstream it reflects the suppliers of the organization and its process for managing the relation

While on the other hand the downstream reflects the process for distribution and delivery of products to the customers T

Therefore in the given case, Entity A is upstream while the Entity C is downstream

Lilliput is a country that has closed borders and does not import or export any goods or services; hence, they do not worry about trade with other countries.
Total spending for the federal government of Lilliput for the last fiscal year was $1.06 billion. The country collected $1.05 billion in taxes during this same fiscal year. Assume government transfers were zero. Based on this information, what is Lilliput's budget balance? In the last fiscal year, Lilliput was running:______.
a. a budget surplus.
b. a balanced budget.
c. a budget deficit.

Answers

Answer: budget deficit

Explanation:

From the question, we are informed that the total spending for the federal government of Lilliput for the last fiscal year was $1.06 billion and that the country collected $1.05 billion in taxes during this same fiscal year.

Since the expenditure of $1.06 billion is more than the revenue of $1.05 billion, this show that there was a budget deficit.

A local county is considering purchasing some dump trucks for the trash pickups. Each truck will cost $55,000 and have an operating and maintenance cost that starts at $18,000 the first year and increases by $3,000 per year. Assume the salvage value is $12,000 at the end of 5 years and the interest rate is 10%. The equivalent annual cost of owning and operating each truck is most nearly equal to

Answers

Answer:

35,972

Explanation:

The equivalent annual cost can be calculated dividing NPV by the annuity factor

In order to find NPV first

                                   Year1    Year2   Year3   Year4  Year5         Total

Operating and

Maintenance              18000 21000  24000  27000 30000          -

Discount factor(10%)  0.909   0.826   0.751   0.683   0.620           -

Discounted CFs          16362   17346  18024    18411   18600      88,713

Salvage                                                                          12000  

Discount factor(10%)                                                     0.620

Discounted salvage                                                      7440        (7440)

Inital Cost                   (55,000)                                                      (55,000)

NPV                                                                                                136,333

Calculation for EAC

NPV = 136,333

Annuity factor for 5 years = 3.790

Equivalent annual cost = NPV /Annuity factor

Equivalent annual cost = 136,333/3.790

Equivalent annual cost = 35,972

Colgate-Palmolive Company reports the following balances in its retained earnings.
($ millions) 2010 2009
Retained earnings $14,329 $13,157
During 2010, Colgate-Palmolive reported net income of $2,200 million.
a. Assume that the only changes affecting retained earnings were net income and dividends. What amount of dividends did Colgate-Palmolive pay to its shareholders in 2010?
b. This dividend amount constituted what percent of its net income? (Round your answer to one decimal place.)

Answers

Answer:

a. $1,028 million

b. 46.7%

Explanation:

a. Dividends are taken from the retained earnings and net income is added to the retained earnings. The formula for ending retained earnings is;

Ending retained earnings = Opening Retained earnings + Net Income - Dividends

14,329 = 13,157 + 2,200 - Dividends

Dividends = 13,157 + 2,200 - 14,329

Dividends = $1,028 million

b. Dividends as a percentage of income

= 1,028/2,200

= 0.467

= 46.7%

Which of the following costs should not be included in product costs for internal management reports that are used for decision-making?

Answers

Answer: d. Cost of organization sustaining activities

Explanation:

Organization sustaining activities are those undertakings that have to be made if a company can keep operating. Examples include; property taxes, insurance, information filing with Government agencies and etc.

These activities are therefore not directly linked to the production process as they are not related to a single product and so should not be included in product costs for internal management reports which will be used for decision-making.

What is International trade also list the importance of International trade.

Answers

Answer:

International trade is buying and selling goods and services across international boundaries. International trade plays a very good role in economic activities and performance of countries around the world. International trade benefit countries in many ways: 1- increasing in production and consumption as a result of specialization, 2- greater choices for consumers due to the competition between traders to get the best choice for consumers. 3- lower prices 4- trade is great source for the flow of service and technology. International trade is the engine of growth.

The income statements for Federer Sports Apparel for 2022 and 2021 are presented below.
FEDERER SPORTS APPAR
Income Statement
For the Years Ended December 31
Year Increase Decrease
2019 2018 Amount %
Net sales 18,800,000 15,500,000
Cost of goods 13,200,000 7,000,000
Gross prof 5,600,000 8,500,000
Operating expenses 1,600,000 1,200,000
Depreciation expense 1,000,000 1,000,000
Inventory write-down 200,000 0
Loss (litigation) 1,500,000 300,000
Required:
Prepare a horizontal analysis for 2022 using 2021 as the base year.

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

The Preparation of horizontal analysis for 2022 using 2021 as the base year is prepared with the help of a spreadsheet.

Horizontal analysis is a method for the analysis of financial statements that indicates fluctuations in the amount of the related products over a period of time. It is a valuable instrument for determining trend situations.

So, with the help of the spreadsheet, we will be able to find the net income by using the formulas.

The horizontal analysis of the Income Statement is the analytical form of preparing the income statement to determine the accurate amount and percentage of changes in each item of the income statement.

The horizontal income statement is attached below.

The horizontal analysis determines the change in the amounts of each account. The percentage change is the division of a change in amount by the base amount of the base year.

In this case, the base year was 2021.

Therefore, the change in amounts will be determined based upon the figures of the base year.

To know more about horizontal analysis, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/14698328

Your text outlines three basic categories of electronic commerce applications: business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-business (B2B) and consumer-to-consumer (C2C). B2C applications:_______.
A. Involve businesses developing attractive electronic marketplaces to entice customers and sell products and services to consumers.
B. Involve both electronic business marketplaces and direct market links between businesses .
C. Involve consumers buying and selling with each other in an auction process at an auction website, as well as personal advertising of products or services to buy or sell at electronic newspaper sites or personal websites.
D. None of the choices are correct.

Answers

Answer:

A. Involve businesses developing attractive electronic marketplaces to entice customers and sell products and services to consumers.

Explanation:

The Business to Consumer (B2C) sales strategy corresponds to a type of sale aimed at the final consumer. This sale takes place at retail, and occurs according to the consumer purchase decision process, which identifies their needs, judges the options according to their preferences and desires and finally chooses the option that best suits their search for a particular product or service.

Therefore, in the B2C strategy, retail companies have as main objective to create in the consumer the desire for a purchase, so the most appropriate option for this issue is that developing attractive electronic markets will help the company to attract customers and sell products and services to consumers.

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