Answer:
0.67
Explanation:
Given the following :
Process standard deviation(sd) = 0.05
Mean (m) = 1
specification of 1 inch plus or minus 0.10 inch
Upper specification limit(USL) = 1 + 0.1 = 1.1
Lower specification limit (LSL) = 1 - 0.1 =. 0.9
Cpk = min [[(m - USL) / 3(sd)], [(m - LSL) / 3(sd)]]
Cpk = min [[(1 - 1.1)/3(0.05)], [(1-0.9)/3(0.05)]]
Cpk = min[ -0.1/0.15], [ 0.1 / 0.15]
Cpk = min(-0.67, 0.67)
The management of Cooper Corporation is considering the purchase of a new machine costing $420,000. The company's desired rate of return is 10%. The present value factors for $1 at compound interest of 10% for 1 through 5 years are 0. 909, 0. 826, 0. 751, 0. 683, 0. 621, respectively. In addition to this information, use the following data in determining the acceptability in this situation: Year Income from Operations Net Cash Flow 1 $100,000 $180,000 2 40,000 120,000 3 20,000 100,000 4 10,000 90,000 5 10,000 90,000 The present value index for this investment is a.1.45. b.1.08. c.0.92. d.0.36.
Answer:
b.1.08.
Explanation:
The computation of the present value index is shown below;
As we know that
Present Value Index = Present value of Net Cash Inflow ÷ Initial Cash outflow
where,
Initial investment = $420,000
And, the present value of net cash inflows are
Year Cash Flow (in $) PVF at 10% Present Value (in $)
1 180,000 0.909 163,620
2 120,000 0.826 99,120
3 100,000 0.751 75,100
4 90,000 0.683 61,470
5 90,000 0.621 55,890
TOTAL 455,200
So, the present value index is
= $455,200 ÷ $420,000
= 1.08
All the following statements concerning variable life insurance are correct EXCEPT: Group of answer choices The policyowner can invest the cash value in different investment accounts. The premium is level and guaranteed not to increase. The death benefit can vary with the policy's investment experience. Cash surrender values are guaranteed.
Answer:
D. Cash surrender values are guaranteed.
Explanation:
Variable Life Insurance is an insurance policy that requires a specific amount of the premium paid by the insurance holder to be dedicated to the investment funds and assets of the company offering the insurance policy. It is important to know that
1. there is a cash value account that can be invested in different subaccounts in this type of policy.
2. The premium level is fixed and the policyholder is expected to pay it on a regular basis. He can be assured that the premium level will not increase.
3. A death benefit is also guaranteed to be paid to a beneficiary chosen by the policyholder, but the amount to be paid as the death benefit depends on how good or bad the policy's investment performed.
But then it is important to note that the cash surrender values are not guaranteed because there is a risk factor. They can fluctuate depending on whether the policy performed poorly or excellently.
If the current one year zero coupon bond yield is 4% and the current two year zero coupon bond yield is 3%, then what do investors expect about the one year zero coupon bond yield next year if the expectations hypothesis is true?
Answer:
A. They expect next year's one year yield to be roughly 2%
Explanation:
Since in the question it is mentioned that if the current one year, the yield of a zero-coupon bond is 4% and the current two years, the yield of a zero-coupon bond is 3% so for the one year it would be 2% approx as it reduced one percentage i.e 1% every one
Therefore in the given case, the correct option is A.
A company can be said to have competitive advantage if: Select one: a. It has a different value chain than rivals b. It has some type of edge over rivals in attracting customers and coping with competitive forces c. It earns the largest profit in the industry d. It has more resource strengths than weaknesses
Answer:
b. It has some type of edge over rivals in attracting customers and coping with competitive forces
Explanation:
A firm can have competitive advantage if it produces at a lower cost than its competitors and thus the firms' goods are priced lower and this attracts customers.
a firm can also have a competitive advantage if the quality of its own good is higher than that of its competitors and this increases patronage for the firms goods.
As a factor of production how is capital created A. by adding land to entreprenurship B. by adding human labor to land C. by removing land from services D. by using labor to create services
Answer:
is by adding human labor to land
The ________ is a job analysis method that depends on a panel of experts to determine the standards that need to be met by an ideal worker.
Answer:
Panel of experts
Explanation:
For analyzing the job in the correct way, the expert panels are equally important. Expert in this mean who has perfect in his or her area or specialization that contains sufficient knowledge and skills
Different jobs have different experts that are required time to time
Its motive is to analyze the job in a correct and right way
Also, it determines that the standards of an organization are met or not by an ideal worker
A firm's diversification strategy is most likely to add value if:________. a. There exist economies of scope between diversified business units. b. The firm has a comprehensive business portfolio in different industries. c. The diversification strategy enables the firm to enter several unrelated businesses. d. It enters unfamiliar market through aggressive acquisitions.
Answer:
Option A. There exist economies of scope between diversified business units
Explanation:
The reason is that diversification is lowering the industry risk of the business the company is in by investing in several other industries. This helps us to lower the risk and have a steady returns in the subsequent years. This means uncertainty related to cash flows is lowered and this has also increased the chances of cash surplus for subsequent years.
Furthermore, if the investments made in diversified business units possesses economies of scope, which means that we are in related diversification because we are manufacturing different but similar goods which are substitutes to each other from large to some extent. This brings economies of scope and would lower the total operating cost of company. Hence the Option A which says that economies of scope does add value to the company is the right option.
Option B is not preferable option as the option of investing in different businesses is choosen in the option A.
Option C is again the same as Option B and the difference is that it uses the word several unrelated businesses instead of comprehensive business portfolio which is the same thing. Hence Option C is also not preferable option here.
Option D is incorrect because when we acquire an organization it is the move of increase in risk portfolio because acquisitions are mostly not a sound investments and not a part of diversification strategy as the company is putting all the eggs in the single basket.
Once a corrective action plan begins addressing non-compliance for fraud, waste, and abuse (FWA) committed by a Sponsorâs employee or first-tier, downstream, or related entities (FDRs) employee, ongoing monitoring of the corrective actions is not necessary.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
The reason is that the ongoing monitoring is an essential part of implementation action plans because it enables us to highlight issues with the execution of plan. This helps us to layout plans to eradicate these issues and ensure effective running of action plan. Hence the statement which says that the ongoing monitoring is not necessary once the action plan begins is totally wrong.
All the following statements concerning universal life insurance are correct EXCEPT: Group of answer choices Interest credited to the cash value is taxable to a policyowner in the year credited. The policyowner can add to a policy's cash value at any time subject to policy guidelines. Interest is credited to the policy's cash value each month. Withdrawals from a policy's cash value reduce the death benefit.
Answer:
Withdrawals from a policy's cash value reduce the death benefit.
Explanation:
Universal life insurance is a permanent life insurance plan that has flexible premium payments and premiums are also low.
Only a determined death benefit is paid to the policy holder's beneficiary.
As premium is paid to the account, it earns interest. The excess amount above the death benefit is called the cash value.
Policy holder is allowed to withdraw the cash value and the withdrawal is subject to taxation.
However these withdrawals do not affect the death benefit which is fixed. Policy holder cannot withdraw into the death benefit amount.
When the policy holder does the insurance company keeps the cash value (excess over dear benefit amount). While the beneficiary gets only the agreed death benefit.
So the statement - Withdrawals from a policy's cash value reduce the death benefit.
Is untrue.
Name some eco-friendly features you might look for while shopping for your first vehicle
Also, explain techniques you can use while driving any vehicle to increase fuel efficiency and reduce emissions it’s for my ed class
Answer
Some Eco friendly features you might look for may include a gas efficiency button to regulate between gas and electric motors thus decreasing emissions. another great pointer is LED lights instead of older bulb lights, Most pivotal idea in buying the most Eco friendly car would have to be the weight most definitely, the lighter the vehicle the less environmental impact.
Under the NASAA model custody rule, an investment adviser would be considered to have custody of client assets if that adviser inadvertently receives:
i. a check from a client from a client made out to the IA and does not return the check within 24 hours
ii. a check from a client made out to a third party and Does not forward the check within 3 business days
iii. stock certificates from a client and does not forward them within 3 business days
iv. stock certificates from a client and does noT return them within 3 business days
Answer:
(ii) A check from a client made out to a third party and does not forward the check within 3 business days .
(iv) Stock certificates from a client and does not return them within 3 business days.
Explanation:
As per the NASAA model custody rule, the investment advisor will have the custody of the assets of the client an associated person only if the adviser accidentally receives ' a check has been made by the client to the third party but it is not forwarded within three business days' and when 'the certificates of stocks from the client not returned to them within three business days.' Thus, these indirect documents make the adviser eligible to have custody of client's possessions. Thus, the options ii and iv are the correct answers.
Hayduke Corporation reported the following results from the sale of 5,000 units in May: sales $300,000, variable costs $180,000, fixed costs $90,000, and net income $30,000. Assume that Hayduke increases the selling price by 5% on June 1. How many units will have to be sold in June to maintain the same level of net income?
Answer:
4,444.44 units
Explanation:
For the computation of Number of units to be sold to earn target profit first we need to follow some steps which are shown below:-
Selling price per unit = Sales ÷ Number of units sold
= $300,000 ÷ 5,000
= $60
Variable cost per unit = Total variable cost ÷ Number of units sold
= $180,000 ÷ 5,000
= $36
Increase in selling price = $60 × 5%
= $3
New selling price per unit = $60 + $3
= $63
New contribution margin per unit = New selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit
= $63 - $36
= $27
Number of units to be sold to earn target profit = (Fixed cost + Target profit) ÷ Contribution margin per unit
= ($90,000 + $30,000) ÷ $27
= $120,000 ÷ $27
= 4,444.44 units
Vasudevan Inc. recently reported operating income of $2.90 million, depreciation of $1.20 million, and had a tax rate of 40%. The firm's expenditures on fixed assets and net operating working capital totaled $0.6 million. How much was its free cash flow, in millions?
Answer:
2.34 million
Explanation:
Vasudevan incorporation reported an operating income of $2.90 million
The depreciation is $1.20 million
The tax rate is 40%
= 40/100
= 0.4
The firm's expenditure on fixed assets and net operating working capital is $0.6 million
Therefore, the free cash flow can be calculated as follows
Free cash flow= operating profit-tax+depreciation-expenditure
= 2.90-(2.90×0.4)+1.20-0.6
= 2.90-1.16+1.20-0.6
= 2.34
Hence the free cash flow is 2.34 million
The voucher system of control: Multiple Choice Is a set of procedures and approvals designed to control cash receipts and the acceptance of obligations. Establishes procedures for verifying, approving, and recording obligations for eventual cash disbursement. Establishes procedures for receiving checks for the sale of verified, approved, and recorded activities. Applies only when multiple purchases are made from the same supplier. Is required in large companies but not beneficial for small to mid-sized companies.
Answer: Establishes procedures for verifying, approving, and recording obligations for eventual cash disbursement.
Explanation:
The voucher system control is used to ensure that cash will only be spent on the purchases that are authorized.
The voucher system of control establishes procedures for verifying, approving, and recording obligations for eventual cash disbursement.
The free rider problem is a situation in which A. one agent secures benefits that others pay for B. all of the above. C. none of the above. D. there are excessive subsidies given to polluting buses or other forms of mass transit E. Effluents such as CFCs combine with ozone and decrease concentrations of that protective chemical F. perfect property rights exits
Answer:
b). one agent secures benefits that others pay for.
Explanation:
The free-rider problem is described as the problem when some individuals consume or take the benefit of a resource without paying for it. in this problem, one agent is being benefitted from the resources that the others are paying for. This creates a load on a shared resource and eventually causes market failure. In order to cope with this problem, the organizations must ensure a fair distribution of resources and their benefits as per the payment made by the agents. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
All of the following statements regarding technical analysis are correct except A) technical analysts use terms such as trendline, support, and resistance in analyzing stocks. B) technical analysts rely on charts to predict the future prices of stocks. C) technical analysts rely heavily on financial ratios in their analysis of stocks. D) technical analysts attempt to predict the future movement of stock prices based on past trends.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Technical analysis is a trading tool used to evaluate investment and trading opportunities by gathering and analyzing trends from trading activities , thereby it is able to predict future prices of stocks based on past trends.
The analyst does not rely on financial ratios in the analysis of stocks as financial ratio is mostly used by fundamental analyst in financial performance evaluation and not by technical analysts in predicting changes in stock movements
If the elasticity of demand for spring break packages to cancun is -5 , and if you notice that this year in cancun the quantity of packages demanded increased by 10% , then what happened to the price of cancun vacation packages ?
Answer: Price reduced by 2%
Explanation:
The price elasticity of demand shows how the demand for a good will change as a result of a change in price. Demand will usually increase as a result of a decrease in price because people tend to demand more when goods are cheaper.
The formula is;
Price elasticity of demand = ΔQuantity demanded / Δ Price
-5 = 10% / P
-5P = 10%
ΔP = -2%
A sales agent, employed by the Sponsor's first-tier, downstream, or related entity (FDR), submitted an application for processing and requested two things: 1) to back-date the enrollment date by one month, and 2) to waive all monthly premiums for the beneficiary. What should you do?
Options :
A. Refuse to change the date or waive the premiums, but decide not to mention the request to a supervisors or the compliance department
B. Make the requested changes because the sales agent determines the beneficiary's start date and monthly premiums
C. Tell the sales agent you will take care of it, but then process the application properly (without the requested revisions) - you will not file a report because you don't want the sales agent to retaliate against you
D. Process the application properly (without the requested revisions), inform your supervision and the compliance officer about the sales agent's request
E. Contact law enforcement and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to report the sales agent's behaviro
Answer: D. Process the application properly (without the requested revisions), inform your supervision and the compliance officer about the sales agent's request.
Explanation: In the scenario described above, the sales agent request are huge and probably violates ideal business process. When such requests are made, it is important to take note of the requester and it's requests even though such request of rolling back enrollment date and waiving of monthly premium should not be processed. The appropriate heads and stakeholders should be duly informed such as the suowrvisor and compliance officer in other to investigate and uncover why such request was made by the sales agent and then take necessary steps required.
It was the third meeting, but the group had finally agreed on the roles for each member. Cathy felt good about how things were progressing. It seemed that the conflicts had been resolved; Bella and Lewis had actually arrived on time with their tasks completed. Cathy felt they were now a team. They were now in the ________ stage.
Answer: norming
Explanation:
The third stage of a group development model is regarded to as the norming stage. The norming stage is the stage whereby members or teammates start appreciating the strengths that are possessed by each other in the team.
At this stage, there is resolution of conflicts and establishment of leadership positions. Here, everyone is happy with their roles.
Originally, filters for Mr. Coffee electric-drip coffeemakers were sold through appliance and mass merchandise stores. If the company decided to sell the filters in grocery stores where customers purchased their coffee, what type of intermediaries would the company most likely hire
Answer: Food brokers
Explanation: Food brokers may also be regarded as a type of sales agent who negotiates product sales from manufacturers and sells to consumers including wholesale resselllers, retailers chain or independent suppliers. However, in the case of food brokers, they own their businesses and have pool of clients. When Producers sell though food brokers, they do not have to start sourcing for markets as this is handled by the food brokers who works with both the producer and the wholesale outlets thereby eliminating the need for producers to start sourcing for market to see their products.
"If a customer calls his registered representative and states the following: "I just got my account statement and I see that your recommendations have lost 15% in value. Clearly, you have made unsuitable recommendations and you will be hearing from my attorney." Which statement is TRUE under FINRA rules regarding how the representative should handle this?"
Answer:
The representative does not need to take any actions
Explanation:
The representative should not take any actions yet because the customer has not made his complaints in writing. Under FINRA, a customer's complaint is defined as one received by the company in writing through mail(hand written)or electronic mail(email). The financial regulatory authority abbreviated FINRA is a self regulatory organization and non governmental organization in the US that makes and enforces rules and best practices that govern brokerage/security/broker-dealer firms and safeguard the public against fraud and malpractices that might emanate from such firms.
Edwards Manufacturing Company purchases two component parts from three different suppliers. The suppliers have limited capacity, and no one supplier can meet all the company’s needs. In addition, the suppliers charge different prices for the components. Component price data (in price per unit) are as follows: Supplier Component 1 2 3 1 $10 $15 $14 2 $13 $12 $10 Each supplier has a limited capacity in terms of the total number of components it can supply. However, as long as Edwards provides sufficient advance orders, each supplier can devote its capacity to component 1, component 2, or any combination of the two components, if the total number of units ordered is within its capacity. Supplier capacities are as follows. Supplier 1 2 3 Capacity 1500 2500 2000 If the Edwards production plan for the next period includes 2,000 units of component 1 and 3,000 units of component 2, what purchases do you recommend
Answer:
Purchase 1,500 units of component 1 from supplier 1.
Purchase 2,000 units of component 2 from supplier 3.
Purchase 500 units of component 1 and 1,000 units of component 2 from supplier 2.
Total costs = $54,500
Explanation:
component 1 component 2
supplier 1 2 3 1 2 3
price $10 $15 $14 $13 $12 $10
capacity:
supplier 1 = 1,500
supplier 2 = 2,500
supplier 3 = 2,000
demand:
component 1 = 2,000component 2 = 3,000There are two ways to solve this, one using excel and the solver function or do it manually.
Manually, we must start with the supplier that has the lowest cost. In this case, the supplier with the lowest cost for component 1 is supplier 1 ($10) and component 2 is supplier 3 ($10).
We will start by purchasing 1,500 units of component 1 from supplier 1 at $15,000. That eliminates supplier 1's capacity, so we now only have suppliers 2 and 3. We still need 500 units of component 1 and 3,000 units of component 2.
We purchase 2,000 units of component 2 from supplier 3 at $20,000. This will consume all of supplier 3's capacity, so we only have supplier 2 left. We are still needing 500 units of component 1 and 1,000 units of component 2.
We will purchase the remaining units from supplier 3 at (500 x $15) + ($1,000 x $12) = $19,500.
Our total expense will be $54,500.
A swap bank Group of answer choices (A) can act as a broker, bringing together counterparties to a swap. (B) can act as a dealer, standing ready to buy and sell swaps. (C) both (A) and (B). (D) only sometimes (A) but never ever (B).
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
In simple words, A swap bank refers to the entity that serves as just a broker for two counterparties that decide to apply through a rate of interest or exchange swap arrangement and must remain confidential. The swap banking incorporates both parts of the transaction and usually receives a reward price from both underwriters to encourage the swap.
Thus, from the above we can conclude that the correct option is C.
Arbitrageurs may be unable to exploit behavioral biases due to I) fundamental risk. II) implementation costs. III) model risk. IV) conservatism. V) regret avoidance.
Answer: I, II, and III
Explanation: Arbitrageur is one who engages in arbitrage ( a market activity in which security, commodity, currency, or other tradable item is bought in one market and sold simultaneously in another, in order to profit from the price differences between the markets), such as a financial broker, or an investment bank. Arbitrageurs may be unable to exploit behavioral biases due to fundamental risk, implementation costs, and model risk.
Rovinsky Corporation, a company that produces and sells a single product, has provided its contribution format income statement for November. Sales (7,300 units) $ 350,400 Variable expenses 204,400 Contribution margin 146,000 Fixed expenses 103,500 Net operating income $ 42,500 If the company sells 7,200 units, its net operating income should be closest to:
Answer:
Net operating income= 40,500
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Contribution margin 146,000
Fixed expenses 103,500
Sales= 7,200
First, we need to calculate the unitary contribution margin:
Unitary contribution margin= 146,000/7,300= $20
Now, for 7,200:
Total contribution margin= 7,200*20= 144,000
Fixed costs= (103,500)
Net operating income= 40,500
Felix launched both a Google Search Ad campaign and a Google Display Ad campaign to drive sales of tools on his home improvement website. He reviewed his sales data after two weeks and noticed his Search Ad campaign is the most successful. Which optimization type should Felix use if he wants to use bidding or targeting to acquire more customers?
Complete Question:
Felix launched both a Google Search Ad campaign and a Google Display Ad campaign to drive sales of tools on his home improvement website. He reviewed his sales data after two weeks and noticed his Search Ad campaign is the most successful. Which optimization type should Felix use if he wants to use bidding or targeting to acquire more customers?
Group of answer choices.
A. Channel
B. Media Mix
C. Attribution
D. Placements
Answer:
A. Channel.
Explanation:
In this scenario, Felix launched both a Google Search Ad campaign and a Google Display Ad campaign to drive sales of tools on his home improvement website. He reviewed his sales data after two weeks and noticed his Search Ad campaign is the most successful. The optimization type Felix should use if he wants to use bidding or targeting to acquire more customers is channel.
A Google Search Ad campaign involves changing the way or manner in which Ads are delivered to potential viewers (visitors) within a specific channel so as to boost a business. Basically, there are three (3) main types of channel optimization used in the Google Search Ad campaign and these are;
1. Bidding: it is used to get more customers by adjusting bids with respect to a comprehensive set of auction-time signals which targets your adverts.
2. Creative: it involves customizing assets to give or display the right and necessary information to the right customer at the right time.
3. Targeting: it involves the process of reaching the individuals or customers who are very much interested in your business through the dynamic and broad audience targeting.
All the following statements concerning term insurance are correct EXCEPT: Group of answer choices Most policies can be renewed for additional periods without evidence of insurability. Most policies can be converted to a permanent life insurance policy. Most policies have a nonforfeiture benefit to refund a portion of a policy's cash value when coverage stops. The insurance provides protection for a certain period of time.
Answer: Most policies have a nonforfeiture benefit to refund a portion of a policy's cash value when coverage stops.
Explanation:
Term insurance is a type of life insurance policy whereby the policy owner will be given coverage for a particular time period.
It should be noted that term insurance can be renewed for additional periods without evidence of insurability and can also be converted to a permanent life insurance policy.
The option that most policies have a nonforfeiture benefit to refund a portion of a policy's cash value when coverage stops is not true.
Shannon and Rene are sisters who enter into a contract to buy an income property. The sisters get into a dispute, and Shannon wants out of the deal. However, their uncle Jerry wants to replace Shannon on the contract. Shannon agrees to the substitution so they go ahead and do it. This is an example of ________.
Answer:
Novation.
Explanation:
In this scenario, Shannon and Rene are sisters who enter into a contract to buy an income property. The sisters get into a dispute, and Shannon wants out of the deal. However, their uncle Jerry wants to replace Shannon on the contract. Shannon agrees to the substitution so they go ahead and do it. This is an example of novation.
Novation can be defined as the process or an act of legally replacing a party in a contract with another, adding an obligation to engage or replacing a contractual obligation to perform with another based on the consent of all involved parties.
The condition where Shannon wishes to get out of the deal and Jerry is replacing Shannon to a contract with Rene, such a contract is referred to as a contract by novation.
A novation contract is dependent on the willingness of both the parties for such replacement as a matter that only the person will replace another and the conditions of the contract do not change.
A contract by novation refers to replacement of undertaking the liabilities and benefits of an already entered contract by one or more person with respect to contract being valid.An illegal contract created without the knowledge of such person who replaces the concerned person for the benefits and liabilities will constitute as a contract viod ab initioThe person who replaces the concerned person will have the sole responsibility of the conditions arising out of entering such contract and hence there will be a direct and unlimited liability.Hence, the correct statement will be that Jerry will be responsible for the benefits and liabilities arising out of such contract which will be shared by Rene as it is a contract by novation.
To know more about novation contract, click the link below.
https://brainly.com/question/6350023
The recognition of the need for organizations to improve the state of people, the planet, and profit simultaneously if they are to achieve sustainable, long-term growth (Connect Chapter 4) is referred to as
Answer:
The need for organisations (which may be governmental or non-governmental) to improve the condition of living of people and protect their environment whilst they pursue increased profitability has been termed
The Triple Bottomline.
It is also referred to by economists as the 3P - People, Planet and Profit.
It speaks to the fact that other than the usual making financial success the sole metric of measurement by which organisations are evaluated, their impact on people and the environment should be considered as well.
In simple terms, a firm should be termed more successful than others if it's activities besides being profitable also impacts positively on people and protects if not improves the environment.
Cheers!
Consider a situation in which a utility company emits high levels of sulfur dioxide and the company is not liable for the damages its pollution causes. According to the Coase theorem, government action is ________ to achieve an ________ amount of pollution
Answer:
not necessary; efficient.
Explanation:
Consider a situation in which a utility company emits high levels of sulfur dioxide and the company is not liable for the damages its pollution causes. According to the Coase theorem, government action is not necessary to achieve an efficient amount of pollution. Coase theorem was developed in 1960 by a British economist and author named Ronald Coase.
Coase theorem states that when the actions of a party (X) negatively affects or harm another party (Y), then party Y should be able to create an incentive for party X to stop or limit the action creating such harm.
Hence, when transaction cost are low, the two parties are able to bargain and reach a mutual agreement in the presence of an externality such as a pollution.
