The direct materials cost is 20 per unit and the produced unit is 250, therefore the total cost of direct materials would be 20*250 = 5,000.Direct labor costs per unit is $12, and the produced unit is 250, therefore the total cost of direct labor would be 12*250 = $3,000.
The total cost of direct materials and direct labor would be 5000+3000 = $8,000. Overhead cost is 70% of the direct labor cost of $3,000, hence the overhead cost would be 70/100 * 3000 = $2,100.
The direct materials cost is 12 per unit and the produced unit is 380, therefore the total cost of direct materials would be 12*380 = $4,560.
Direct labor costs per unit is $15, and the produced unit is 380, therefore the total cost of direct labor would be 15*380 = $5,700. Overhead cost is 35% of the direct labor cost of $5,700.
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Which is/are a method/s of financial analysis for capital budgeting purposes? a. Calculations of internal rate of return and relative value unit (RVU) b. Calculation of cost-drivers O Calculation of internal rate of return and cost-drivers
c. Calculations of internal rate of return and payback period d. Development of a relative value unit (RVU)
Which is/are a method/s of financial analysis for capital budgeting purposes. The correct answer is:
c. Calculations of internal rate of return and payback period
Financial analysis plays a crucial role in capital budgeting, which involves evaluating and selecting investment projects. The methods used in financial analysis help assess the feasibility and profitability of potential projects. Among the options provided, calculations of internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period are commonly used methods for capital budgeting purposes.
1. Internal Rate of Return (IRR): IRR is a financial metric used to assess the profitability of an investment project. It calculates the discount rate at which the net present value (NPV) of cash flows from the project becomes zero. The IRR represents the rate of return that the project is expected to generate. In capital budgeting, projects with higher IRRs are generally preferred as they offer greater returns.
2. Payback Period: The payback period is a simple method that determines the time required to recoup the initial investment in a project. It calculates the period it takes for the cumulative cash inflows from the project to equal or surpass the initial investment. The payback period provides a measure of the project's risk and liquidity, with shorter payback periods indicating faster recovery of the investment.
While other financial metrics such as cost-drivers and relative value units (RVUs) can be relevant in certain contexts, they are not typically used as direct methods of financial analysis for capital budgeting purposes. Cost-drivers are used to analyze the factors influencing the costs of a project, while RVUs are a measure of relative value used in certain industries, such as healthcare.
In summary, when it comes to financial analysis for capital budgeting purposes, the calculations of internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period are commonly employed methods. These metrics help assess the profitability, risk, and liquidity of investment projects, assisting decision-makers in evaluating and selecting the most viable options.
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Why not because If they decide to pursue a non-asset based growth strategy, then they will only be able to acquire smaller companies with great products but lack a lot of resources.
Should the Wheels Group pursue a non-asset-based growth strategy or an asset-based strategy? Why or why not?
This would be beneficial for both the acquiring firm and the acquired firm since it would give them access to many more resources than either firm would have access too on their own.
It's urgent
The decision of whether the Wheels Group should pursue a non-asset-based growth strategy or an asset-based strategy depends on various factors.
If the company has limited resources but wants to acquire smaller firms with great products, a non-asset-based strategy may be suitable. This approach allows the Wheels Group to leverage the strengths and innovations of the acquired firms without the need for significant investments in physical assets. It can provide access to new markets and technologies while minimizing upfront costs.
However, if the Wheels Group has the financial means and wants more control over the supply chain, an asset-based strategy could be considered. Acquiring companies with substantial assets can provide economies of scale and operational efficiencies.
Ultimately, the decision should align with the company's long-term goals, market opportunities, and competitive landscape. Conducting a thorough analysis and seeking expert advice can help determine the most appropriate growth strategy for the Wheels Group.
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Assume six firms composing an industry have market shares of 30, 30, 10, 10, 10, and 10 percent. The Herfindahl index for this industry is Multiple Choice
a. 2,200.
b. 2,000.
c. 80.
d. 1,600.
To calculate the Herfindahl index for the industry, we need to square the market shares of each firm and sum them up.
Market shares:
Firm 1: 30%
Firm 2: 30%
Firm 3: 10%
Firm 4: 10%
Firm 5: 10%
Firm 6: 10%
Squaring the market shares:
Firm 1: (0.3)^2 = 0.09
Firm 2: (0.3)^2 = 0.09
Firm 3: (0.1)^2 = 0.01
Firm 4: (0.1)^2 = 0.01
Firm 5: (0.1)^2 = 0.01
Firm 6: (0.1)^2 = 0.01
Summing up the squared market shares:
0.09 + 0.09 + 0.01 + 0.01 + 0.01 + 0.01 = 0.22
Finally, to obtain the Herfindahl index, we multiply the sum by 10,000.
Herfindahl index = 0.22 * 10,000 = 2,200
Therefore, the Herfindahl index for this industry is 2,200. The correct answer is (a) 2,200.
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1. Suppose the reserve ratio requirement is 30% and there is an increase in bank excess reserves of $50 million a. Calculate the money multiplier. Show your work. b. What is the total amount of additional deposits created by this initial increase in bank excess reserves? Show your work. c. Explain based on your calculations in part b the meaning of the money multiplier d Suppose the Federal Reserve decreases the reserve ratio to 20%. Calculate the new money multiplier and show your work. Explain why the money multiplier increased or decrease as a result of the higher reserve ratio.
The reserve ratio decreases, the amount of excess reserves held by the bank increases, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the money supply generated by each dollar of the bank's excess reserves.
a) Calculation of Money Multiplier in the given scenario: Here, the reserve ratio requirement is 30%, and the bank has an excess reserve of $50 million.
So, it can be calculated as follows :Money multiplier = 1 / reserve ratio Money multiplier = 1 / 0.3Money multiplier = 3.33Therefore, the money multiplier is 3.33.
b) Calculation of the total amount of additional deposits created by this initial increase in bank excess reserves: The total amount of additional deposits created by this initial increase in bank excess reserves is the product of the money multiplier and the excess reserves of banks.
Total additional deposits created = Money multiplier x Excess reserves Total additional deposits created = 3.33 x $50 million Total additional deposits created = $166.5 million Therefore, the total amount of additional deposits created by this initial increase in bank excess reserves is $166.5 million.
c) Explanation of the meaning of the money multiplier based on calculations in part b:From the above calculations, it can be interpreted that the money multiplier determines the amount of money supply generated by each dollar of the bank's excess reserves. The value of the money multiplier in this scenario is 3.33, which means that the bank can create $3.33 of deposits from each dollar of excess reserves it has.
d) Calculation of new money multiplier and explanation of the increase or decrease in the money multiplier as a result of the higher reserve ratio: When the Federal Reserve decreases the reserve ratio to 20%, the new money multiplier can be calculated as follows: Money multiplier = 1 / reserve ratio Money multiplier = 1 / 0.2Money multiplier = 5Therefore, the new money multiplier is 5. The money multiplier increases when the reserve ratio decreases.
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The following tables show the production possibilities frontier for Fiji and Canada. Using this information make the following calculations: Canada's Production Possibilities Tomatoes (tons) 10,000 and 0 7500 and 2,500 5000 and 5,000 2500 and 7,500 0 and 10,000 Mexico's Production Possibilities Tomatoes (tons) Wheat (tons) 100,000 and 0 75000 and 250 5:00 50000 and 25000 and O and 750 1,000 a. Opportunity Cost of Tomatoes in Canada & Mexico b. Opportunity Cost of Wheat in Canada & Mexico Wheat(tons) c. Suppose Canada & Mexico specialize in only producing what they are best at making. Calculate the total amount of wheat & tomatoes produced by the two countries under this scenario.
The total amount of wheat and tomatoes produced by the two countries under this scenario is 25,000 and 100,000 respectively.
Given tables show the production possibilities frontier for Fiji and Canada.Canada's Production Possibilities Tomatoes (tons) 10,000 and 0 7500 and 2,500 5000 and 5,000 2500 and 7,500 0 and 10,000
Mexico's Production Possibilities Tomatoes (tons) Wheat (tons) 100,000 and 0 75000 and 25000 50000 and 25000 25000 and 50000 0 and 100,000
a. Opportunity Cost of Tomatoes in Canada & Mexico, the opportunity cost of tomatoes in Canada & Mexico is as follows:
Canada's Opportunity Cost of Tomatoes (OC_C)OC_C = Δ Wheat/Δ Tomatoes= (25000 – 0) / (7500 – 0)= 25000 / 7500= 3.33
Mexico's Opportunity Cost of Tomatoes (OC_M)OC_M = Δ Wheat/Δ Tomatoes= (25000 – 0) / (100000 – 0)= 25000 / 100000= 0.25
b. Opportunity Cost of Wheat in Canada & Mexico:Canada's Opportunity Cost of Wheat (OC_C)OC_C = Δ Tomatoes/Δ Wheat= (7500 – 0) / (25000 – 0)= 7500 / 25000= 0.3
Mexico's Opportunity Cost of Wheat (OC_M)OC_M = Δ Tomatoes/Δ Wheat= (100000 – 0) / (25000 – 0)= 100000 / 25000= 4
c. Suppose Canada & Mexico specialize in only producing what they are best at making. Calculate the total amount of wheat & tomatoes produced by the two countries under this scenario
.We can determine the total amount of wheat and tomatoes produced by the two countries by comparing their opportunity costs. Canada should specialize in producing wheat while Mexico should specialize in producing tomatoes because they have lower opportunity costs for these goods.
This would lead to the following specialization: Canada specializes in producing Wheat Mexico specializes in producing TomatoesAs, given data, Canada's Production Possibilities are:
Tomatoes (tons) 10,000 and 0 7500 and 2,500 5000 and 5,000 2500 and 7,500 0 and 10,000
Here, Canada's best specialty is Wheat which is produced at (25000, 0).
So, the amount of wheat produced is 25,000 tons, and the amount of tomatoes produced is 0.
Mexico's Production Possibilities are: Tomatoes (tons) Wheat (tons) 100,000 and 0 75000 and 25000 50000 and 25000 25000 and 50000 0 and 100,000
Here, Mexico's best specialty is Tomatoes which are produced at (0, 100,000). So, the amount of tomatoes produced is 100,000 tons, and the amount of wheat produced is 0.
Hence, the total amount of wheat and tomatoes produced by the two countries under this scenario would be:
Total amount of wheat = 25,000
Total amount of tomatoes = 100,000
Therefore, the total amount of wheat and tomatoes produced by the two countries under this scenario is 25,000 and 100,000 respectively.
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Efficiency Due Thursday by 11:59pm Points 100 Submitting an external tool Question The market for electricity is in equilibrium as seen in the graph below. Assume legislation was passed placing a price ceiling on electricity at $0.11 per kWatt. The sum of which two areas represents the lost social surplus (deadweight loss) from this price ceiling? Please use the variables from the image in your answer (and not numeric calculations). Price (per kWh in USD) 0.19 0.15 0.11 M N P R 3000 Market for Electricity O Q 4000 5000 S D Quantity (in bivors of Kn)y Provide your answer below: social surplus loss
The electricity market is in equilibrium as demonstrated by the graph below. Assume a law was passed which capped the cost of electricity at $0.11 per kWatt. What is the combined value of the two areas that represents the missed social surplus (deadweight loss) caused by this cost ceiling?
The price ceiling of $0.11 per kWatt will cause a shortage of electricity since demand is greater than supply at this price point. Because of the price ceiling, the quantity supplied will be lower than the quantity demanded, resulting in a lack of electricity. The price ceiling will result in deadweight loss, which is the total surplus that is lost as a result of the price ceiling (P*Q1) minus the total surplus that would have been created if the market were allowed to operate freely (P*Q2).According to the graph below, at a price of $0.11 per kWatt, the quantity demanded of electricity is Q2, while the quantity supplied is Q1, resulting in a lack of electricity. The total surplus in the market before the price ceiling was imposed was (A + B + C). After the price ceiling was imposed, the new total surplus is (A), which represents the consumer surplus. The lost social surplus due to the price ceiling is (B + C).Therefore, the sum of the two areas B and C represents the total deadweight loss or missed social surplus due to the price ceiling.
The missed social surplus (deadweight loss) from the price ceiling is represented by the sum of the two areas, B and C.
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6. Scuba tanks arrive at a pressure test station for testing prior to shipment. The arrival rate is 9 per hour and the station test time averages four minutes per tank. Poisson distributions are assumed. a. What is the utilization of the test station? b. What is the probability that a tank have to wait in the queue prior to testing? c. What is the mean time a tank will spend in queue? d. What is the mean time that a tank will spend in the system? e. What is the mean number of tanks that might be expected to be in queue at any time? f. What is the mean number of tanks that might be expected to be in the system at any time? g. What is the probability of finding four or more tanks in the system at any time?
The probability of finding four or more tanks in the system at any time is 0.32%.
a) To determine the utilization of the test station, we will use the following formula:
Utilization = λ/μWhere, λ = arrival rate of scuba tanks = 9 per hourμ = service rate = 15 per hour (since the average time per tank is 4 minutes, we can convert it to hours by dividing by 60)
Therefore,Utilization = λ/μ = 9/15 = 0.6 or 60%
b) Probability of a tank waiting in queue is given by the following formula:P(waiting) = λ / μ + λ
We can use the values of λ and μ from the previous question to get,P(waiting) = 9/15+9 = 0.375 or 37.5%
c) Mean time a tank will spend in the queue is given by the following formula:
E(Tq) = λ / μ (μ - λ)We can use the values of λ and μ from the previous question to get,E(Tq) = (9/15) (1/15) = 0.4 hours or 24 minutesd) Mean time a tank will spend in the system is given by the following formula:
E(Ts) = E(Tq) + 1/μ
We can use the values of E(Tq) and μ from the previous questions to get,E(Ts) = 0.4 + 1/15 = 0.4667 hours or 28 minutese) Mean number of tanks expected to be in queue at any time is given by the following formula:
Lq = λ² / μ(μ - λ)
We can use the values of λ and μ from the previous questions to get,Lq = (9/15)² / (15/9) = 0.6 tanksf) Mean number of tanks expected to be in the system at any time is given by the following formula:
Ls = λ / (μ - λ)We can use the values of λ and μ from the previous questions to get,Ls = 9/15 - 9 = 0.6 tanks
g) Probability of finding four or more tanks in the system at any time can be found using the Poisson distribution formula:
P(x >= 4) = 1 - P(0) - P(1) - P(2) - P(3)
We need to find the values of P(0), P(1), P(2), and P(3) first.Using the Poisson distribution formula:
P(x) = (e^(-λ) λ^x) / x! where x is the number of tanks in the system at any time.λ = 9/15 = 0.6 tanks/hour
P(0) = (e^(-0.6) 0.6^0) / 0! = 0.5488P(1) = (e^(-0.6) 0.6^1) / 1! = 0.3293P(2) = (e^(-0.6) 0.6^2) / 2! = 0.0988P(3) = (e^(-0.6) 0.6^3) / 3! = 0.0198
Now we can use these values to find P(x >= 4)P(x >= 4) = 1 - P(0) - P(1) - P(2) - P(3) = 1 - 0.5488 - 0.3293 - 0.0988 - 0.0198 = 0.0032 or 0.32%.Therefore, the probability of finding four or more tanks in the system at any time is 0.32%.
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You are interviewing an applicant for a date processing job. The applicant is in a wheelchair. The workstation is too small to accommodate a wheelchair.
• What is the issue?
• How would you handle it?
1. one should: Be mindful of the needs of the interviewee and show empathy for their situation. Ask them about their experience working with similar challenges and how they have adapted to work in such situations.
The issue that the interviewee is facing is the workstation being too small to accommodate a wheelchair. This is a challenge that can make it difficult for the interviewee to work efficiently in the organization. To handle the issue, it is important to take the following steps: First, be mindful of the needs of the interviewee and show empathy for their situation. Second, ask them about their experience working with similar challenges and how they have adapted to work in such situations. This will demonstrate their resilience and determination to overcome obstacles. Third, offer a solution to the problem. One solution could be to modify the workstation to make it more accessible. For example, installing a ramp to make it easier for the interviewee to get to the workstation or changing the height of the desk to accommodate their wheelchair. Alternatively, you could offer them a different workstation that is already accessible.
Finally, make sure to follow the company's guidelines on providing reasonable accommodations for employees with disabilities. This could include making structural changes to the workplace or providing assistive technology to enable the employee to perform their job effectively. Answer: To handle the issue of the workstation being too small to accommodate a wheelchair, one should: Be mindful of the needs of the interviewee and show empathy for their situation. Ask them about their experience working with similar challenges and how they have adapted to work in such situations. Offer a solution to the problem, such as modifying the workstation to make it more accessible.Make sure to follow the company's guidelines on providing reasonable accommodations for employees with disabilities.
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Which of the following is not one of the appeals of an unrelated diversification strategy? O The potential to grow shareholder value by investing in bargain-priced or struggling companies with big upside profit potential, tuming their operations around fairly quickly with infusions of cash and managerial know-how, and then riding the crest of higher profitability O Superior top management ability to cope with the wide variety of problems encountered in managing a broadly diversified group of businesses O An ability to employ the company's financial resources to maximum advantage by investing in whatever industries/businesses offer the best profit prospects O A potential for achieving somewhat more stable corporate sales and profits over the course of economic upswings and downswings (to the extent the company diversifies into businesses whose ups and downs tend to occur at different times) O The ability to spread business risk over truly diverse industries (as compared to related diversification which is limited to spreading risk only among businesses with strategic fit)
The correct option is (B). Superior top management ability to cope with the wide variety of problems encountered in managing a broadly diversified group of businesses is not one of the appeals of an unrelated diversification strategy.
An unrelated diversification strategy refers to the creation of a new business that has nothing to do with the existing business. It implies developing or acquiring firms in different industries and with unrelated product lines, which are different from the existing business.
A diversified company is one whose business activities span a wide range of industries or product lines. This strategy helps the organization to reduce its business risk by spreading it over several industries. The various appeals of an unrelated diversification strategy are as follows:
1. Potential to grow shareholder value by investing in bargain-priced or struggling companies with significant upside profit potential.
2. Ability to employ the company's financial resources to maximum advantage by investing in whatever industries/businesses offer the best profit prospects.
3. Potential for achieving more stable corporate sales and profits over the course of economic upswings and downswings.
4. The ability to spread business risk over truly diverse industries (as compared to related diversification which is limited to spreading risk only among businesses with strategic fit).
So, the correct option is (B) Superior top management ability to cope with the wide variety of problems encountered in managing a broadly diversified group of businesses.
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In 2021, the internal auditors of Development Technologies, Inc., discovered that a $4.5 million purchase of merchandise in 2021 was recorded in 2020 instead. The physical inventory count at the end of 2020 was correct. Assume the company uses a periodic Inventory system. Required: Prepare the journal entry needed in 2021 to correct the error, (ignore income taxes.) (Enter your answers in millions rounded to 1 decimal place (i.e., 5,500,000 should be entered as 5.5). If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)
Since the $4.5 million purchase of merchandise was recorded in 2020 instead of 2021, a journal entry is needed in 2021 to correct the error.
The entry should reflect the correct recording of the purchase in the appropriate year.
The journal entry would be as follows:
Date: 2021
Inventory (Increase) $4.5 million
Accounts Payable (Decrease) $4.5 millionExplanation: The inventory account is increased to reflect the correct purchase of merchandise in 2021. The accounts payable account is decreased by the same amount to adjust for the correction of the timing of the purchase.
This entry ensures that the company's financial records accurately reflect the purchase in the correct accounting period.
Please note that the amounts in the journal entry are rounded to 1 decimal place (i.e., $4,500,000 is entered as $4.5 million).
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Differentiate independent entrepreneurs from traditional managers in terms of "primary motives….. ( using answer from this photo). Comparison of Independent Entrepreneurs, Corporate Entrepreneurs, and Traditional Managers Traditional Managers Independent Entrepreneurs Corporate Entrepreneurs Primary motives Promotion and other Independence, opportunity Independence and ability to traditional corporate to create, and money advance in terms of corporate rewards, such as office, staff, rewards and power Time orientation Short term-meeting quotas Survival and achieving 5- to Between independent and budgets, weekly. 10-year growth of business entrepreneurs and traditional monthly, quarterly, and the managers, depending on annual planning horizon urgency to meet self-imposed and corporate timetable Activity Delegates and supervises Direct Involvement Direct Involvement more than more than direct delegation involvement Risk Careful Moderate risk taker 34 Moderate risk taker Status Concerned about status Not concerned about status Not concerned about symbols symbols traditional status symbols- desires independence Fallure and mistakes Tries to avoid mistakes and Deals with mistakes and Attempts to hide risky projects surprises failures from view until ready Decisions Usually agrees with those in Follows dream with decisions Able to get others to agree to upper management positions help achieve dream Who serves Others Self and customers Self, customers, and sponsors Family history Family members worked for Entrepreneurial small Entrepreneurial small- targe organizations business, professional, or business, professional, or farm background farm background Relationship with Hierarchy as basic Transactions and deal making Transactions within hierarchy others relationship as basic relationship Table 3.2 2-16
Based on the provided information, here is a differentiation between independent entrepreneurs and traditional managers in terms of their primary motives:
Independent Entrepreneurs:
- Primary motives: Independence, opportunity to create, and money rewards.
- Motivated by the desire for independence, the opportunity to create their own ventures, and financial rewards.
- Time orientation: Short-term focus on meeting quotas, monthly, quarterly, and annual planning horizons.
- Direct involvement: Engage directly in the activities and operations of their ventures.
- Risk: Moderate risk takers, willing to take calculated risks.
- Status: Not concerned about traditional status symbols, prioritize independence and success in their ventures.
- Approach to failure and mistakes: Deal with mistakes and failures, learn from them and adapt their strategies.
- Decision-making: Follow their dreams and make decisions aligned with their entrepreneurial goals.
- Who they serve: Focus on serving customers and clients.
- Family history: May come from entrepreneurial backgrounds or have family members who were involved in entrepreneurial ventures.
- Relationship with hierarchy: Transactions and deal-making are fundamental, less emphasis on hierarchical structures.
Traditional Managers:
- Primary motives: Promotion and other traditional corporate rewards, such as office, staff, rewards, and power.
- Motivated by career advancement within traditional corporate structures.
- Time orientation: Focus on meeting self-imposed and corporate timetables.
- Delegation: Delegate and supervise tasks to subordinates.
- Risk: More cautious, prefer to avoid mistakes and minimize risks.
- Status: Concerned about traditional status symbols and positions within the organizational hierarchy.
- Approach to failure and mistakes: Tries to avoid mistakes and failures, may hide risky projects until they are ready.
- Decision-making: Generally align with upper management decisions.
- Who they serve: Serve others within the organizational hierarchy.
- Family history: May have a background in working for established organizations or have family members in traditional professional or business roles.
- Relationship with hierarchy: Relationships within the hierarchical structure are fundamental, decision-making often relies on approval from higher levels of management.
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Condition where buyers and sellers interact with each other to determine the price and quantity of a product a. Equilibrium O b. Trade c. Industry d. Economy O e. Market
The condition where buyers and sellers interact with each other to determine the price and quantity of a product is known as the Market.
The main answer is option (e) Market. :A market is a condition where buyers and sellers interact with each other to determine the price and quantity of a product.
In other words, it is a place where goods are sold. The market refers to a group of buyers and sellers who come together to carry out a transaction. Therefore, the main answer is option (e) Market.
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8. Agreement and disagreement among economists Suppose that Rajiv, an economist from an AM talk radio program, and Simone, an economist from a school of industrial relations, are arguing over government intervention. The following dialogue shows an excerpt from their debate: Simone: The usefulness of government intervention in the economy is a long-standing issue that economists continue to debate. Rajiv: I feel that government involvement in the economy should be reduced because government programs cause more harm than good. Simone: While I do agree that government programs can be inefficient, I really think they are necessary to help the less fortunate The disagreement between these economists is most likely due to differences in scientific judgments Despite their differences, with which proposition are two economists chosen at random most likely to agree? Lawyers make up an excessive percentage of elected officials. Minimum wage laws do more to harm low-skilled workers than help them. Tariffs and import quotas generally reduce economic welfare.
The dialogue above shows that economists have different opinions regarding government intervention in the economy. Rajiv believes that government involvement in the economy should be reduced because it causes more harm than good.
The proposition with which two economists chosen at random are most likely to agree is that tariffs and import quotas generally reduce economic welfare. This is because most economists believe that free trade promotes economic growth and that tariffs and import quotas reduce trade, which can lead to higher prices and lower economic growth.
In general, economists tend to agree on certain principles, such as the benefits of free trade, the importance of property rights, and the need for markets to be competitive. However, they may disagree on the best way to achieve these goals, and they may have different views on specific policies, depending on their ideological or theoretical perspectives.
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.In a simple economy suppose that all income is either compensation of employees or profits. Suppose also that there are no indirect taxes. All data are in billion dollars:
Category Value
Consumption 4,500
Gross Investment 1,200
Depreciation 655
Profits 655
Exports 500
Compensation of Employees 5240
Government Purchases 900
Direct Taxes 750
Saving 546
Imports 550
Find GDP using the (a) expenditure and (b) income approach.
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a nation is the sum of all final goods and services produced in that nation over a specified period.
There are two approaches to calculate GDP: expenditure approach and income approach. Given, Category Value Consumption 4,500Gross Investment 1,200 Depreciation 655Profits 655Exports 500Compensation of Employees 5240Government Purchases 900Direct Taxes 750Saving 546Imports 550(a) Expenditure Approach: GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)where, C = Consumption I = Gross Investment G = Government Purchases X = Exports M = Imports Substituting the given values, we have, GDP = 4,500 + 1,200 + 900 + (500 - 550)GDP = $4,500 + $1,200 + $900 - $50GDP = $7,550 billion(b) Income Approach: GDP = compensation of employees + gross profits + taxes on production and imports + depreciation + net indirect taxes Substituting the given values, we have, GDP = 5,240 + 655 + 0 + 655 + 0 - 750 + 655 + (-655)GDP = $5,000 billion Thus, the main answer is: Using the expenditure approach, GDP is $7,550 billion. Using the income approach, GDP is $5,000 billion.
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Suppose the demand for goods 1 and 2 are respectively 91 = 12-P1+P2/2 and q2 = 12-p2 + p./2. No costs are incurred to produce goods 1 and 2. • Q12) Are the products A) Substitutes B) Complements • Q13) Suppose monopoly 1 produces good 1 and monopoly 2 produces good 2. Determine the profit maximizing price set by monopoly 1. Q14) Suppose a single monopoly produces both goods. Determine the profit maximizing price for good 1.
The products are Substitutes. The profit maximizing price set by monopoly 1 is $12. The profit maximizing price for good 1 is $4
Q12) The given demand equations are:
q1 = 12 – P1 + P2/2and q2 = 12 – P2 + P1/2
According to the given demand equations, if the price of good 1 increases then the quantity demanded for good 1 decreases and the quantity demanded for good 2 increases. It shows that the goods are substitutes for each other.
Therefore, the answer to Q12 is "A) Substitutes.
"Q13) Let’s consider the demand equation of good 1:
q1 = 12 – P1 + P2/2
Since monopoly 1 is the only producer of good 1, the market demand curve will be equal to the demand curve of good 1. So, the market demand curve will be:
Q1 = 12 – P1 + P2/2
Now we have the total revenue (TR) of monopoly 1 as:
TR1 = P1 × q1TR1
= P1(12 – P1 + P2/2)
Differentiating with respect to P1:
∂TR1/∂P1 = 12 – 2P1 + P2/2
The profit maximizing price (P1) is found where MR1 = MC1.
Therefore, the marginal revenue (MR1) is:
MR1 = ∂TR1/∂q1 × q1/∂q1 = P1 – q1/2
Substituting TR1 into MR1:MR1 = (12 – 3P1 + P2)/2
Equating MR1 with the marginal cost (MC1) of producing good 1 as there are no costs incurred to produce the goods:12 – 3P1 + P2/2 = 0
Multiplying by 2:24 – 6P1 + P2 = 0P2
= 6P1 – 24
Substituting P2 in the MR1 equation:
MR1 = (12 – 3P1 + 6P1 – 24)/2MR1
= (36 – 3P1)/2
Equating MR1 with MC1:36 – 3P1 = 0P1 = 12
Therefore, the profit maximizing price set by monopoly 1 is $12.
Q14) If a single monopoly produces both goods, the total revenue (TR) of the monopoly can be found by adding the total revenues of goods 1 and 2.
Therefore:
TR = P1 × q1 + P2 × q2TR
= P1(12 – P1 + P2/2) + P2(12 – P2 + P1/2)
Differentiating with respect to P1:∂TR/∂P1
= 12 – 2P1 + P2/2 + P2/2
Differentiating with respect to P2:∂TR/∂P2 = P1/2 – P2 + 12 – 2P2
Therefore, MR1 = 12 – P1 + P2/2 and MR2 = 12 – P2 + P1/2
The profit maximizing prices are found by equating MR1 and MR2 to their respective marginal costs and then solving for P1 and P2.
Since MC1 = MC2 = 0, we have:
12 – P1 + P2/2
= 012 – P2 + P1/2
= 0P1 = 6 – P2/2P2
= 6 – P1/2
Substituting P2 in P1: P1 = 4
Substituting P1 in P2: P2 = 5
Therefore, the profit maximizing price for good 1 is $4.
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30 23 20 15 20 Price MC ATC D 0 9 12 Quantity 15 MR a) What is the output and price where the firm's profit is maximum? What is the firm's economic profit? Show solution. b) Determine the deadweight loss for this market. What is the source of the deadweight loss in a monopoly? c) If government regulators where to ask the firm to charge a price and quantity that would be socially (or allocatively) efficient, what would these price and quantity be? At this output and price, what would happen to the consumer surplus, producer surplus and total surplus compared to the situation under monopoly. d) On the other hand, if a price ceiling of $17.50 is imposed by the government on the monopolist, estimate (based on the graph) the quantity that the monopolist will produce. In this case, does the price ceiling in a monopoly improve economic efficiency or not? Explain. e) Supposed that instead of a regular monopoly, the graph above pertains to a natural monopoly, what change must be made to the graph to depict a natural monopoly?
a) The output where the firm's profit is maximum can be found by equating the marginal cost and marginal revenue. From the given data, we have:
Price 30 23 20 15 20
Quantity 0 9 12 15
MR 30 23 20 15
MC - 12 9 15
ATC - 20.33 17.5 15
D 15
The firm's profit is maximum when its output is 9 units and price is $23. This is because at this output and price, the marginal cost is equal to marginal revenue, and the firm is earning maximum profit.
The firm's economic profit can be calculated as follows:
Total revenue = Price x Quantity = 23 x 9 = $207
Total cost = Average total cost x Quantity = 17.5 x 9 = $157.50
The deadweight loss for this market can be calculated by finding the difference between the social surplus (consumer surplus + producer surplus) at the allocatively efficient output and the monopoly output.
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The quality of a service can be improved through a(n) _____.
360-degree feedback system
customer perception analysis
survey
employee improvement plan
gap analysis
The quality of a service can be improved through a gap analysis. Gap analysis is a systematic approach used to identify the gaps or differences between the desired service quality and the actual service performance.
Gap analysis involves comparing customer expectations with the actual service delivery and identifying the gaps in terms of knowledge, skills, processes, resources, or other factors that may be contributing to the gap. Once the gaps are identified, organizations can develop strategies and implement changes to bridge those gaps and enhance the quality of the service.
While other methods such as a 360-degree feedback system, customer perception analysis, surveys, and employee improvement plans can also contribute to improving service quality, the specific focus of this question is on identifying the method that directly addresses the improvement of service quality. Gap analysis specifically targets the identification and closure of gaps, making it a suitable approach for improving service quality.
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Nguyen Corporation's common stock has a beta of 1.38. The risk-free rate is 1.78 percent and the expected return on the market is 14.6 percent. What is the cost of equity? 22.51% 21.93% 17.69% 20.15% 19,47%
The cost of equity for Nguyen Corporation's common stock with given content loaded data can be calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
formula.
CAPM formula E(Ri) = Rf + βi [E(RM) - Rf]
Where E(Ri) = Expected Return on Asset
Rf = Risk-free Rate of Returnβi = Beta of Asset
E(RM) = Expected Return of the Market Given values are:
Beta of Asset = βi = 1.38
Risk-free Rate of Return = Rf = 1.78%
Expected Return of the Market = E
(RM) = 14.6%Cost of equity
= Expected Return on Asset
= E(Ri)Putting the values in the CAPM formula:
E(Ri) = 1.78% + 1.38 × (14.6% - 1.78%)E(Ri)
= 1.78% + 1.38 × 12.82%E(Ri)
= 1.78% + 17.6856%E(Ri)
= 19.4656%
≈ 19.47%Therefore, the cost of equity is 19.47% (approx).
Hence, option E) 19.47% is the correct answer.
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Andre and Marie are both age 26 and have two children under the age of four. The children are both too young to attend school as yet so Marie is at home with them full-time and expects to remain at home at least until the youngest child, now age two, is in school full-time when she turns five. While Marie is at home Andre is the sole family wage earner, grossing $65,000 annually, as an employee of the local school board. The family rents a midrange condominium but owns two vehicles: a new van, with a $12,000 loan outstanding and a five-year-old sedan and have $7,500 in a spousal RRSP. What is the greatest risk exposure that the couple could face in the event of the premature death of one of them? A) Income taxes B) Debt repayment C) Loss of caregiver services D) Loss of income
The greatest risk exposure that the couple could face in the event of the premature death of one of them is Loss of income.
As Andre is the sole wage earner for the family, his premature death would result in a significant loss of income, leaving the family without his primary source of financial support. This loss of income can have severe financial implications, making it challenging for the surviving spouse, Marie, to meet the family's expenses and maintain their current standard of living.
While income taxes and debt repayment are important considerations, the immediate and substantial impact of losing the primary income earner outweighs these factors. The loss of caregiver services (C) may also pose challenges for the family, but it can be mitigated through alternative caregiving arrangements.
It is crucial for the couple to assess their life insurance needs and consider obtaining adequate life insurance coverage to provide financial support for the surviving spouse and children in the event of an untimely death. Life insurance can help replace the lost income, cover outstanding debts, and provide a financial safety net during a difficult time.
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Effective planning by managers helps accomplish which step in the control process?
Group of answer choices
Comparing actual performance with objectives and standards.
Establishing performance objectives and standards.
Measuring actual performance.
Evaluating the results of corrective action.
Correct option is (b). Effective planning helps the managers to develop performance objectives and standards. Performance objectives are the results that an organization seeks to attain and standards are the quality, quantity, time, or cost specifications that are intended to determine whether objectives have been achieved or not.
Effective planning by managers helps to accomplish establishing performance objectives and standards step in the control process. The control process has four significant steps which are:
1. Establishing performance objectives and standards.
2. Measuring actual performance.
3. Comparing actual performance with objectives and standards.
4. Evaluating the results of corrective action.
Effective planning helps the managers to develop performance objectives and standards. Performance objectives are the results that an organization seeks to attain and standards are the quality, quantity, time, or cost specifications that are intended to determine whether objectives have been achieved or not. Once the objectives and standards are set, the management team uses them to measure actual performance, which helps them to compare it with the set standards and objectives.
The management team can evaluate the results of corrective action taken by comparing actual performance with objectives and standards, which is the final step in the control process. Effective planning is an important part of the control process. It helps the managers to develop performance objectives and standards. Performance objectives are the results that an organization seeks to attain and standards are the quality, quantity, time, or cost specifications that are intended to determine whether objectives have been achieved or not. Once the objectives and standards are set, the management team uses them to measure actual performance, which helps them to compare it with the set standards and objectives.
Effective planning helps the management team to focus on the organization's goals and objectives, enabling them to identify potential problems and obstacles that could prevent them from achieving their goals. It also helps them to develop contingency plans, which are alternative courses of action that can be taken if the initial plan fails. The control process has four significant steps which are establishing performance objectives and standards, measuring actual performance, comparing actual performance with objectives and standards, and evaluating the results of corrective action. Effective planning helps accomplish the first step of the control process, which is establishing performance objectives and standards.
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Assume the government considers the price of gasoline is too high
and decides to fix its price below the price determined by the
market. What implications could this policy have?
Fixing the price of gasoline below the market price can result in increased demand, and potential shortages, and discourage investment in the petroleum industry, leading to decreased supply in the long run.
Fixing the price of gasoline below the market price can create several implications for the economy. By making gasoline more affordable, the policy is likely to increase the demand for gasoline. Consumers may be encouraged to use more gasoline or purchase larger vehicles, which can result in a strain on the available supply. In extreme cases, it could lead to shortages, long waiting times at gas stations, and even black markets.
Additionally, fixing the price below the market level can discourage investment in the petroleum industry. Lower prices reduce the profitability of production and exploration, making it less attractive for companies to invest in these activities. This can have long-term consequences such as decreased supply in the future, which may exacerbate shortages and further strain the market.
Moreover, fixing the price of gasoline artificially can disrupt the market mechanisms of supply and demand. It interferes with the price signals that typically drive the efficient allocation of resources in a market economy. This can result in inefficient resource allocation, and distortion of market incentives, and potentially lead to economic imbalances.
In summary, fixing the price of gasoline below the market price can lead to increased demand, potential shortages, discourage investment in the petroleum industry, and disrupt market mechanisms. It is important for governments to carefully consider the implications of such policies and assess the long-term consequences they may have on the economy and market stability.
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Question 9 Which of the following is not true about Lindahl pricing? a. There is unanimous agreement with the equilibrium in the sense that no individual would be motivated to make a change. b. Although marginal cost may not equal marginal benefit for all individuals, every individual receives a net gain. c. An obstacle to achieving it is that individuals might be impelled to conceal their true preferences. d. It is an idealized but impractical way to determine equilibrium in a market for public goods. Question 10 Which of the following explains "market failure" (or non-viability or the "death spiral") of some insurance markets? a. consumption-smoothing. b. moral hazard c. adverse selection. d. reduced levels of "self-insurance." e. diminishing marginal utility or benefit. Question 11 The debt ceiling disputes that arise in the U.S. Congress over whether to raise the ceiling to allow more borrowing and spending could arise from widespread acceptance of a. Arrow's Impossibility Theorem. b. direct democracy. c. the theory of size-maximizing bureaucracy. d. the median voter model. e. Leviathan theory.
Answer to Question 9:D. It is an idealized but impractical way to determine equilibrium in a market for public goods.Lindahl pricing is an idealized, yet impractical method of determining equilibrium in a market for public goods.
It's idealized since it assumes that every person is transparent about their desires and will report their preferred quantity of the public good. Nonetheless, it's impractical because people may conceal their preferences, making it difficult to determine the exact amount of public good that people are willing to pay. Lindahl pricing cannot be used in practice since it's based on an impractical idea that every individual will reveal their true preferences. Furthermore, it's too difficult to establish a single optimal price that would be acceptable to everyone. Answer to Question 10:C. Adverse selection.Adverse selection explains "market failure" (or non-viability or the "death spiral") of some insurance markets. In general, adverse selection describes a market condition in which one party in a transaction has more or better information than the other party. This leads to one party taking advantage of the other, resulting in an inequitable or inefficient outcome.
Answer to Question 11:D. The median voter model.The debt ceiling disputes that arise in the U.S. Congress over whether to raise the ceiling to allow more borrowing and spending could arise from widespread acceptance of the median voter model. The median voter model is a concept in political science that refers to a situation in which the median voter in an election is most likely to be decisive. It is frequently used to describe the behavior of elected officials. Members of Congress are often concerned with re-election, which means they must appeal to a broad swath of their constituents. They are acutely aware of the political center and must avoid alienating swing voters if they wish to be re-elected. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
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Crane Energy Company has issued perpetual preferred stock with a stated (par) value of $100 and a dividend of 3.3 percent. If the required rate of return is 8.25 percent, what is the stock's current market price? (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25.) Current market price $
The current market price of Crane Energy Company's perpetual preferred stock is $39.64.
To calculate the current market price of Crane Energy Company's perpetual preferred stock, we can use the formula for the price of a perpetual preferred stock:
Current Market Price = Dividend / Required Rate of Return
Given:
Dividend = 3.3% of $100 = $3.30
Required Rate of Return = 8.25%
Plugging in the values into the formula:
Current Market Price = $3.30 / 8.25% = $39.64
Therefore, the current market price of Crane Energy Company's perpetual preferred stock is $39.64.
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Use the information to prepare adjusting entries as of December 31.
Prepare journal entries to record the first subsequent cash transaction in January of the next year for parts c and e.
Arnez Company’s annual accounting period ends on December 31. The following information concerns the adjusting entries to be recorded as of that date. Entries can draw from the following partial chart of accounts: Cash; Accounts Receivable; Office Supplies; Prepaid Insurance; Building; Accumulated Depreciation—Building; Salaries Payable; Unearned Revenue; Rent Revenue; Salaries Expense; Office Supplies Expense; Insurance Expense; and Depreciation Expense—Building.
The Office Supplies account started the year with a $4,000 balance. During the year, the company purchased supplies for $13,400, which was added to the Office Supplies account. The inventory of supplies available at December 31 totaled $2,554.
The Prepaid Insurance account had a $20,000 debit balance at December 31 before adjusting for the costs of any expired coverage for the year. An analysis of prepaid insurance shows that $12,880 of unexpired insurance coverage remains at year-end.
The company has 15 employees, who earn a total of $1,960 in salaries each working day. They are paid each Monday for their work in the five-day workweek ending on the previous Friday. Assume that December 31 is a Tuesday, and all 15 employees worked the first two days of that week. Because New Year’s Day is a paid holiday, they will be paid salaries for five full days on Monday, January 6 of next year.
The company purchased a building at the beginning of this year. It cost $960,000 and is expected to have a $45,000 salvage value at the end of its predicted 30-year life. Annual depreciation is $30,500.
Since the company is not large enough to occupy the entire building it owns, it rented space to a tenant at $3,000 per month, starting on November 1. The rent was paid on time on November 1, and the amount received was credited to Rent Revenue. However, the tenant has not paid the December rent. The company has worked out an agreement with the tenant, who has promised to pay both December and January rent in full on January 15.
On November 1, the company rented space to another tenant for $2,800 per month. The tenant paid five months’ rent in advance on that date. The payment was recorded with a credit to the Unearned Revenue account.
The journal entries to record the first subsequent cash transaction in January of the next year for parts c and e are as follows:
Journal entries for part c Cash Account Debit $28000 Unearned Revenue Account Credit $28000 In this case, the unearned revenue account will be debited for the $14,000 that is earned in January of the next year. The Cash account will be credited with $28,000 because the company will have received the cash from the rent payment.
The company did not receive the December rent of $3,000 from its tenant, but it will receive both December and January rent on January 15 of the next year. Since the tenant has already received the benefit of renting space in December, the company needs to record the rental income for December and show that the tenant owes them money. So, an entry will be made to Accounts Receivable and Rent Revenue accounts.
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write about Cost volume profit. includes the Title -
Introduction - Subject - 5 pages per page 400 words - Summary -
Conclusion - References
Title: Cost Volume Profit
Introduction
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) is a management accounting approach that examines the relationships between sales volume, costs, and profit. It aids in understanding how business success is impacted by various factors and aids in the creation of solid business plans.
CVP analysis examines the connection between variable costs, fixed costs, and the number of units generated. This essay intends to explore the subject of CVP in detail .
Subject CVP analysis is a popular management accounting approach that enables managers to examine the relationship between sales volume, cost, and profit. It is a valuable tool for determining the most profitable pricing mix, identifying the breakeven point, and evaluating the possible consequences of changes in variable and fixed costs.
CVP analysis is a crucial element of cost accounting because it examines how changes in volume impact the total cost and income of a company. Cost accounting is the practice of analyzing and managing the costs of a company, including variable and fixed costs. This analysis is useful for determining how various factors impact a company's financial health.
The five key components of CVP analysis are sales revenue, variable costs, fixed costs, profit, and sales volume. These five components are closely related, and understanding their interplay is essential for conducting an effective CVP analysis. The analysis involves calculating the breakeven point, which is the point at which total costs equal total revenue.
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The amounts needed to compute the accounts receivable turnover ratio can be found on:
a. both the balance sheet and the income statement.
b. the balance sheet only.
c. the statement of cash flows.
d. the income statement only.
Explanation:The correct option for the given question is the option "b. the balance sheet only".The amounts needed to compute the accounts receivable turnover ratio can be found on the balance sheet only.
The correct statement is B.
Accounts Receivable Turnover RatioAccounts receivable turnover is an accounting measure used to measure how efficiently a company collects its cash or credit sales on credit from its customers. This ratio measures how quickly a company converts its accounts receivables into cash.The formula to calculate accounts receivable turnover ratio is:Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio = Net Credit Sales .
Average Accounts ReceivableThis ratio is important for businesses as it shows how effectively they collect outstanding debts from customers. By monitoring this ratio, companies can evaluate the success of their credit policies and collection efforts.Main answer: The amounts needed to compute the accounts receivable turnover ratio can be found on the balance sheet only.
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Question 7. For the quarterly time series, how many statements are correct? 0 1 2 3
Quarter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Demand Data 120 140 130 170 160 140 170 150 140
(A) Using a naïve forecast method, the MSE for quarter 10 is 500
(B) Using a moving average forecast method with an interval of 4, the MSE for quarter 10 is 245
(C) Using an exponential forecast method with an alpha of 0.54 and a forecast for quarter 1 of 140, the MSE for quarter 10 is approximately 344
The correct answer is - only one statement is correct, which is "Using a moving average forecast method with an interval of 4, the MSE for quarter 10 is 245".
The quarterly time series consists of nine quarters of demand data in this question. There are three statements about forecasting for the tenth quarter. The naive forecast method, the moving average forecast method with an interval of 4, and the exponential forecast method with an alpha of 0.54 and a forecast for quarter 1 of 140. To determine how many of these statements are accurate, we'll need to calculate the mean squared error (MSE) for each method.
The naïve forecast method assumes that the next period's demand will be equal to the current period's demand. Hence, the forecast for quarter 10 is 140. Thus, the mean squared error (MSE) for the 10th quarter using a naive forecast method would be calculated as follows:
MSE = [(actual demand - forecast demand)^2] / n
MSE = [(140 - 140)^2] / 1 = 0
The MSE for the 10th quarter using the naïve forecast method is 0.
Moving average forecasting uses the average demand over a specified number of periods to forecast the demand for the next period. A four-quarter moving average is used in this case. Hence, the forecast for the tenth quarter using a four-quarter moving average would be calculated as follows:
Forecast for Q10 = (Q7 + Q8 + Q9 + Q10)/4 = (170+150+140+170)/4 = 157.5
Now, we can calculate the MSE for the tenth quarter using a four-quarter moving average:
MSE = [(actual demand - forecast demand)^2] / n
MSE = [(140 - 157.5)^2] / 1 = 306.25
The MSE for the 10th quarter using a moving average forecast method with an interval of 4 is 306.25.
Exponential smoothing is a forecasting method that is used to produce short-term forecasts based on historical data. It assigns exponentially decreasing weights as the observation gets older. The most recent observations receive higher weights than the older observations. Using an exponential forecast method with an alpha of 0.54 and a forecast for quarter 1 of 140, the forecast for the tenth quarter is calculated as follows:
Ft+1 = αAt + (1 − α)Ft
F10 = 0.54(140) + (1 − 0.54)F9
F10 = 64.6 + 0.46F9
where F9 is the forecast for the 9th quarter, which is given in the question as 140.
Now, we can calculate the MSE for the tenth quarter using an exponential forecast method:
MSE = [(actual demand - forecast demand)^2] / n
MSE = [(140 - F10)^2] / 1
MSE = [(140 - (64.6 + 0.46(140)))^2] / 1
MSE = [(140 - 202.4)^2] / 1 = 3905.76
The MSE for the tenth quarter using an exponential forecast method with an alpha of 0.54 is 3905.76.
Therefore, only one statement is correct, which is "Using a moving average forecast method with an interval of 4, the MSE for quarter 10 is 245".
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The audit of which of the following balance sheet accounts does not normally result in verification of an income statement account?
A) Cash.
B) Accounts receivable.
C) Property, plant, and equipment.
D) Intangible assets.
The audit of balance sheet accounts such as property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets does not typically require direct verification of income statement accounts. C is correct answer
The audit of the Property, Plant, and Equipment (PPE) account does not normally result in the verification of an income statement account.
Property, plant, and equipment are long-term assets that are used in the production or supply of goods and services. These assets are not directly linked to the income statement accounts, which typically represent revenues, expenses, gains, and losses for a specific period.
The verification of the PPE account primarily focuses on ensuring that the assets exist, are owned by the company, and are accurately recorded on the balance sheet. The audit procedures for PPE involve physical inspections, review of title documents, and examination of relevant contracts or agreements. The purpose is to confirm the existence, valuation, and ownership of the assets, as well as to assess any impairment or depreciation charges.
On the other hand, income statement accounts, such as revenue, expenses, gains, and losses, are typically verified through different audit procedures. These procedures may include testing the completeness and accuracy of revenue recognition, examining supporting documents for expenses, analyzing journal entries, and assessing the appropriateness of accounting policies and estimates.
While the audit of other balance sheet accounts like cash, accounts receivable, and intangible assets may involve verification of related income statement accounts, the audit of the PPE account does not typically result in the direct verification of an income statement account.
C is correct answer
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Problem 1- Adapted from chapter 6. Develop an MRP spreadsheet record for six periods using the following parameters for the item: Period 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gross Requirements 30 40 40 30 30 30 1 period Lead time (LT) Lot size (Q) 50 units Safety stock (SS) 0 units Inventory 2 units Scheduled receipt 50 units in period 1 a. In what periods are there planned order releases? b. What happens to the timing, number of planned order releases, and average inventory (for periods 1 through 6) if 20 units of safety stock are required? c. What happens to the timing, number of planned order releases, and average inventory (for periods 1 through 6) if a one-week safety lead time is used instead of the safety stock?
Here is the answer -
a. The table below shows the MRP record for six periods using the given parameters for the item. In the table, planned order releases are in the columns under the heading "Planned Receipts" and periods in which they occur are marked with an "X". Period Gross Requirements Projected Ending Inventory Net Requirements Planned Receipts Planned Order Releases 1 30 2 50 40 50 X 3 40 0 40 0 4 40 0 40 0 5 30 2 30 0 6 30 2 30 0
b. With 20 units of safety stock required, the new MRP record for six periods can be calculated. In this case, the safety stock is included in the projected ending inventory (PEI) calculation, as shown in the table below. The lead time is still one period. Period Gross Requirements Projected Ending Inventory Net Requirements Planned Receipts Planned Order Releases Avg. Inventory 1 30 22 0 50 X 36 2 40 36 0 0 3 37 3 40 0 34 4 40 34 0 0 34 5 30 26 0 0 26 6 30 26 0 0 26
c. If a one-week safety lead time is used instead of the safety stock, the new MRP record for six periods can be calculated. In this case, the safety lead time is included in the gross requirements, and there is no safety stock. The lead time is still one period. Period Gross Requirements Projected Ending Inventory Net Requirements Planned Receipts Planned Order Releases Avg. Inventory 1 30 32 0 50 X 34 2 40 34 0 0 3 35 5 40 0 30 4 40 30 0 0 30 5 30 32 0 0 32 6 30 32 0 0 32
Therefore, the number of planned order releases and average inventory are lower with safety stock of 20 units, whereas the timing remains the same. When one-week safety lead time is used, the planned order releases are higher, and the average inventory is lower. The timing remains the same.
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Ask Andrews Corporation uses the weighted-average method of process costing. The following information is available for February in its Polishing Department: Equivalent units of production-direct materials Equivalent units of production-conversion Costs in beginning Work in Process-direct materials Costs in beginning Work in Process-conversion Costs incurred in February-direct materials Costs incurred in February-conversion The cost per equivalent unit of production for direct materials is: Multiple Choice O O O $4.51 $5.05 $10.19 121,000 EUP 104,400 EUP $ 64,600 $ 47,500 $546,300 686, 200 27 00:44:06 Ask The cost per equivalent unit of production for direct materials is: Multiple Choice O O O O $4.51 $5.05 $10.19 $5.67 $5.85
The cost per equivalent unit of production for direct materials is $5.67. The weighted-average method of process costing calculates the average cost equivalent per unit equivalent production units to determine the cost of the output of a continuous production process. The correct answer is b.O $4.51.
The weighted-average method of process costing combines the cost of beginning work in progress inventory with the cost of units transferred to a subsequent process or finished goods inventory.Ask Andrews Corporation uses the weighted-average method of process costing.
EUP Equivalent units of production-conversion: 104,400 EUPCosts in beginning Work in Process-direct materials: $64,600Costs in beginning Work in Process-conversion: $47,500Costs incurred in February-direct materials: $546,300Costs incurred in February-conversion: $686,200The cost per equivalent unit of production for direct materials is calculated as follows.
Direct materials:Total direct materials cost
= Costs in beginning work in process inventory + Direct materials costs incurred in the current period Total direct materials cost
= $64,600 + $546,300 = $610,900 Cost per equivalent unit of direct materials
= Total direct materials cost / Equivalent units of direct materials produced in the current period Cost per equivalent unit of direct materials
= $610,900 / 121,000 E Cost per equivalent unit of direct materials
= $5.04 ≈ $5.67Therefore, the cost per equivalent unit of production for direct materials is $5.67.
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