Answer:
Explanation:
The coupon rate is defined as the interest rate paid on a bond by its issuer for the term of the security.
Hence,
Par Value = $800
Face Value = $1,000
N = 5 x 2 = 10
Since the interest is semi annual
i = 8% / 2 = 4%
CF = $15.34
Coupon = $30.68 per year or 3.068%
Use the following information and the indirect method to calculate the net cash provided or used by operating activities:
Net income $ 86,800
Depreciation expense 13,500
Gain on sale of land 6,800
Increase in merchandise inventory 3,550
Increase in accounts payable 7,650
A) $97,600.
B) $15,850.
C) $31,400.
D) $16,850.
E) $38,200
Answer:
A) $97,600
Explanation:
Calculation for the net cash provided or used by operating activities
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net Income $86,800
Depreciation Expense 13,500
Gain on Sale of Land (6,800)
Increase in Merchnadize Inventory (3,550)
Increase in Accounts Payable 7,650
Net Cash provided by Operations $97,600
Therefore the net cash provided or used by operating activities will be $97,600
A project requires an investment of $10 million and offers an annual after-tax cash flow of $1,250,000 indefinitely. If the firm's WACC is 12.5% and the project is riskier than the firm's average projects, should it be accepted?
Answer:
No.It should not be Accepted.
Explanation:
Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is the minimum return that is expected from a project. It shows the risk of the entity. If a project gives a return below the WACC, it is regarded as very risk and must not be accepted.
Assume Mrs. Kinsley has filed a suit against Kitchen Essential Products Inc. for the injuries that she sustained under the theory of strict product liability. Can Mrs. Kinsley prevail in a cause of action against Kitchen Essential Products Inc. under strict product liability.
Answer:
"strict liability" says that a defendant seller, distributor or manufacturer of a defective product can be liable to anyone injured by that product, regardless of whether the defendant did everything possible to make sure the defect never happened.
In the case of Mrs Kinsley against Kitchen Essential Products inc. for the injury she sustained, she will be able to prevail in a cause action against the company under strict product liability. Because, the accident happened as a result of the faulty product which she purchased from the Kitchen Essential Product Inc company.
Explanation:
All About Animals has two product lines: Cat food and Dog food. Contribution margin income statement data for the most recent year follow:
Total Cat Food Dog Food
Sales revenue $435,000 $350,000 $85,000
Variable expenses $61,000 $21,000 $40,000
Contribution margin $374,000 $329,000 $45,000
Fixed expenses $101.000 $49,000 $52,000
Operating income (loss) $273,000 $280,000 $(7,000)
Assuming the Dog food is discontinued, total fixed costs remain unchanged, and the space formerly used to produce the line is rented for $26,000 per year, how will operating income be affected?
A. Increase $254,000
B. Decrease $19,000
C. Increase $527,000
D. Increase $19,000
Answer:
B. Decrease $19,000
Explanation:
The computation of the amount affect the operating income is shown below
But before that first we need to find the new operating income
Total operating income for Cat Food $280,000
Less: Fixed costs for Dog Food ($52000)
Add: rented per year $26000
New net operating income $254000
Now decrease in net operating income is
= operating income - new operating income
= $273,000 - $254,000
= $19,000
Identify whether the following paragraph uses a direct, indirect, or semi-indirect organizational pattern.
Due to budgetary restraints, departmental charge cards will no longer be valid for purchasing supplies. Departments will now order all supplies through central purchasing in Accounting. The new procedure for ordering supplies will be effective March 1. Improved company intranet functionality will make this process easy and effective. The electronic Supply Request Form can be found on the intranet in the "Orders" folder. Supply requests submitted via the intranet will be processed within 24 hours.
Put the sentences in order for a paragraph using an indirect organizational pattern.
After considering cost-saving proposals, such as eliminating the internal Parts Shipping division and tertiary quality control measures, the executive team determined that staff furloughs would have the least impact on company morale.
Due to projected second quarter revenue short falls, the CEO has decided to take precautionary measures to protect the long-term viability of the company.
A mandatory staff furlough will be instituted July 1–6 of this year.
Due to projected second quarter revenue short falls, the CEO has decided to take precautionary measures to protect the long-term viability of the company.
After considering cost-saving proposals, such as eliminating the internal Parts Shipping division and tertiary quality control measures, the executive team determined that staff furloughs would have the least impact on company morale.
A mandatory staff furlough will be instituted July 1–6 of this year.
Due to projected second quarter revenue short falls, the CEO has decided to take precautionary measures to protect the long-term viability of the company.
A mandatory staff furlough will be instituted July 1–6 of this year.
After considering cost-saving proposals, such as eliminating the internal Parts Shipping division and tertiary quality control measures, the executive team determined that staff furloughs would have the least impact on company morale.
Answer:
a. Identification as direct, indirect, or semi-indirect organizational patterns:
Direct organizational pattern
b. Putting sentences in order for a paragraph using an indirect organizational pattern:
Due to projected second quarter revenue shortfalls, the CEO has decided to take precautionary measures to protect the long-term viability of the company.
A mandatory staff furlough will be instituted July 1–6 of this year.
After considering cost-saving proposals, such as eliminating the internal Parts Shipping division and tertiary quality control measures, the executive team determined that staff furloughs would have the least impact on company morale.
Explanation:
Organizational paragraph patterns refer to how paragraphs are organized in order to deliver intended messages. The direct organizational pattern delivers the bad news first before giving reasons, and then closes on a positive note. The indirect pattern starts with a buffer, the reasons, then delivers the bad news, before finally closing on a positive note. The semi-indirect pattern is a mixture of the two.
If a firm has a service that is valuable, rare, and costly-to-imitate, but a substitute exists for the service, the firm will
Answer: the firm will have a temporary competitive advantage
Explanation: The firm in question would have a temporary competitive advantage. Competitive advantage describes something that places a company or business or a person above the competition such as value, rarity, difficult/costly-to-imitate amongst others. However, where a substitute is already in existence for such service, then the firm would have a temporary competitive advantage.
Google generates revenue by offering online ________ opportunities next to search results or on specific Web pages.
Answer: advertising
Explanation:
Advertising is used in marketing to reach out to a larger number and of people and also for people to know more about the product and invariably, convince them to buy the product and hence increase the sales of the product.
Google generates revenue by offering online advertisement opportunities next to search results or on specific web pages.
Homestead Crafts, a distributor of handmade gifts, operates out of owner Emma Finn’s house. At the end of the current period, Emma looks over her inventory and finds that she has 800 units (products) in her basement, 25 of which were damaged by water and cannot be sold. 180 units in her van, ready to deliver per a customer order, terms FOB destination. 200 units out on consignment to a friend who owns a retail store. How many units should Emma include in her company’s period-end inventory?
Answer: 1155
Explanation:
The solution guess thus to calculate the units in Ending Inventory:
Units of product on hand: 800 units
Add: Units in transit 180
Add: Units on consignment 200
Less: Damaged units 25
The number of units that Emma should include in her company’s period-end inventory will be:
= (800+180+200) - 25
= 1180 - 25
= 1155
Nemesis, Inc., has 215,000 shares of stock outstanding. Each share is worth $81, so the company's market value of equity is $17,415,000. Suppose the firm issues 48,000 new shares at the following prices: $81, $75, and $69. What will be the ex-rights price and the effect of each of these alternative offering prices on the existing price per share? (Leave no cells blank; if there is no effect select "No change" from the dropdown and enter "O". Round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Price Ex-Rights Amount $ Effect per share
per share
per share
No change
Price drops by
Price drops by
Answer:
$81, $75, and $69
a. Market value of existing shares = 215000 * $81 = $17415000
Value of New shares issued = 48000 * $81 = $3888000
$21,303,000
Price after issue of new shares = 21,303,000 / (215000 + 48000)
= 21,303,000 / 263,000
= $81
Conclusion: No changes ($0 per share
b. Market value of existing shares = 215000 * $81 = $17415000
Value of New shares issued = 48000 * $75 = $3600000
$21015000
Price after issue of new shares = 21015000 / (215000 + 48000)
= 21,015,000 / 263,000
= $79.90
Conclusion: There is a decrease in amount (81 - 79.90) = $1.10 per share
c. Market value of existing shares = 215000 * $81 = $17415000
Value of New shares issued = 48000 * $69 = $3312000
$20,727,000
Price after issue of new shares = 20,727,000 / (215000 + 48000)
= 20,727,000 / 263,000
= $78.81
Conclusion: There is a decrease in amount (81 - 78.81) = $2.19 Per share
Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $160,600; net sales were $730,000; interest expense was $17,500; research and development expenses were $76,650; net cash provided by operating activities was $193,800; income tax expense was $16,360; cost of goods sold was $401,500. Required: a. Calculate operating income for the period.
Answer:
OPERATING INCOME $91,250
NET INCOME $57,390
Explanation:
a. Calculation for operating income for the period.
Net sales $730,000
Less: Cost of goods sold ($401,500)
Gross profit $328,500
Less Selling, general, and administrative expenses ($160,600)
Less: Research and development expenses ($76,650)
OPERATING INCOME $91,250
b. calculation for the net income for the period.
Net sales $730,000
Less: Cost of goods sold ($401,500)
Gross profit $328,500
Less Selling, general, and administrative expenses ($160,600)
Less: Research and development expenses ($76,650)
OPERATING INCOME $91,250
Less: Interest expense ($17,500)
Less: Tax expense ($16,360)
NET INCOME $57,390
Therefore the OPERATING INCOME will be $91,250 while the NET INCOME will be $57,390
Additional business in the form of a special order of goods or services should be accepted when the incremental revenue equals the incremental costs.
A. True
B. False
Answer: False
Explanation:
The aim of the business is to ideally make a profit. As a result, Additional business should only be accepted if the incremental cost of doing so is less than the incremental revenue accrued from doing so.
If incremental revenue equals incremental cost, there is no point in engaging in the additional business as it brings no extra value to the business.
What is the total stockholders' equity based on the following account balances? Common Stock $375,000 Paid-in-capital in excess of Par 90,000 Retained earnings 190,000 Treasury Stock 15,000
Answer: $640,000
Explanation:
The total Stockholders Equity for a company is calculated by;
= Common Stock + Paid-in-capital in excess of Par + Retained Earnings - Treasury Stock
Treasury Stock reduces stockholder equity as the company bought the shares back from the stockholders.
= 375,000 + 90,000 + 190,000 - 15,000
= $640,000
One of the potential pitfalls of real options analysis is that managers may have the incentive and know-how to game the system.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
This is true and a pitfall because managers particularly those in investment businesses can take actions that benefit themselves or act based on self interests. This is because they are open to incentives and also have the know how so they can easily make changes. This is bad for real options analysis. It is an agency issue. These people act without even considering the interests of the organization or that of their employers.
A preliminary prospectus:_______.
I contains the public offering price of the issue
II does not contain the public offering price of the issue
III contains the financial statements of the issuer
IV does not contain the financial statements of the issuer
Answer: III contains the financial statements of the issuer
Explanation:
A preliminary prospectus contains information of the company and the intended use of proceeds from the offering.
It contains the details about the products and services that it offers, the market potential for those offerings.
It also contains company's financial statements, and details about company management and major shareholders.
Hence, A preliminary prospectus contains the financial statements of the issuer.
The correct option is 'III'.
Kenny, Inc., is looking at setting up a new manufacturing plant in South Park. The company bought some land six years ago for $7.9 million in anticipation of using it as a warehouse and distribution site, but the company has since decided to rent facilities elsewhere. The land would net $10.7 million if it were sold today. The company now wants to build its new manufacturing plant on this land; the plant will cost $21.9 million to build, and the site requires $940,000 worth of grading before it is suitable for construction.
Required:
What is the proper cash flow amount to use as the initial investment in fixed assets when evaluating this project?
Answer:
$33,540,000
Explanation:
initial investment:
opportunity cost of land (resale price of land) = $10,700,000building cost of the facilities = $21,900,000other expenses related to the site (grading) = $940,000total $33,540,000The purchase cost of the land is considered a sunk costs, since it is not relevant now. What is relevant is the price at which the land could be sold at the moment of starting the project.
Speedster Bicycles, Inc., collects 25% of its sales on account in the month of the sale and 75% in the month following the sale. If sales are budgeted to be $250,000 for March and $280,000 for April, what are the budgeted cash receipts from sales on account for April
Answer:
Total cash collection= $257,500
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Sales:
March= $250,000
April= $280,000
Speedster Bicycles, Inc., collects 25% of its sales on account in the month of the sale and 75% in the month following the sale.
Cash collection April:
Sales on account from April= 280,000*0.25= 70,000
Sales on account from March= 250,000*0.75= 187,500
Total cash collection= $257,500
Restricting imports Question 10 options: can protect United States jobs in the protected industry, which increases economic welfare of the country as a whole. can protect United States final goods and services in the protected industry and increase economic welfare of the country as a whole. can protect United States jobs in the protected industry but will also lead to reductions in U.S. output and income. can protect United States final goods and services in the protected industry and makes consumers better off.
Answer: can protect United States jobs in the protected industry but will also lead to reductions in U.S. output and income
Explanation:
Imports are the goods that are purchased and brought from another country into one's home country. Restricting imports is a way by which the government helps to protect the industries at home.
It should also be noted that restricting imports will lead to reductions in the United States output and income as other people in other countries might stop purchasing ones products as well and this will affect the income of the United States.
Answer:
C. can protect United States jobs in the protected industry but will also lead to reductions in U.S. output and income.
Explanation:
Import restriction is a measure taken by some countries that want trade protectionism. They do this to limit importation of goods and services from foreign countries. To achieve this they may impose tariffs, quotas, develop policies, or give subsidies to the local producers, all in a bid to limit importation. In the United States, while restricting imports can protect jobs in the protected industries, it would also result to trade wars with other nations.
This is a situation where other countries reciprocate the import restriction. This would eventually result in a reduced Gross domestic product for the country and limited choices for the consumers who will want to settle with cheaper goods. A case is the situation between Japan and the United States
a. Identify the major general liability loss exposures of business firms
b. Provide at least one example of each type of loss exposure identified in Part 1.
Answer:
Please refer to the below for explanations
Explanation:
a) Premises and operations liability . This type of liability loss exposures arises from ownership and general maintenance of the premises where the firm is carrying out it's business. It is also the possibility that a firm will be held liable because of bodily injury or property damage caused by an accident which occurred in the firm's premises.
• Products liability. Sometimes products that have been manufactured and sold by the firm could result into liability loss exposure if the products causes injury to the buyers or consumers after purchase.
• Completed operations liability. This type of liability loss exposure occurs due to faulty work done in another place other than the premises( where the firm usually carry out its business activities) after the work or operation has been performed. It arises out of the entity's completed work including defective parts or materials.
• Contractual liability. The liability loss exposure arises when there are assumption of legal liability in a contract, whether written or oral hence contact must be properly understood by the parties involved.
• Contingent liability. Sometimes, work done by independent contractors could cause liability loss exposures if they are not properly executed. It exist when the insured is held liable for the actions or failure of the others.
b) • Premises and operations liability
Example is when an employee suffers bodily injury through an accident in the premises where the firm is situated in carrying out its business operation.
• Products liability
Example is when a child or children got injured while playing with a defective toys manufactured by Kid smart, which specializes in manufacturing children toys.
• Competed operations liability
Example is when County janitor service contracted local bars and taverns to clean their restrooms daily.
• Contractual liability
Example is when Party A to a contract agreement reads different meaning to the contract signed with party B, hence suffer losses.
• Contingent liability
Example is when a potential loss could possibly occur in the future due to the occurrence of certain events.
If an investor's aversion to risk increased, would the risk premium on a high beta stock increase by more or less than that of a low-beta stock? Explain.
Answer:
risk premium increases by more of the low - beta stock
A risk averse investor is an investor that avoids risk. if risk aversion increases, it means that the investor is more wary of risky investment.
Beta measures the volatility of a portfolio. the higher the volatility, the more risky the portfolio is.
risk premium measures the rate of return in excess of the risk free rate.
According to CAPM :
risk free rate + (beta x stock risk premium)
Beta is a multiplier of stock risk premium, so the higher the beta, the more there would be an increase in the stock risk premium
If a risk averse investor invests in a high beta stock, he would want extra or higher compensation for holding such a volatile stock. this extra compensation would be in the form of a higher risk premium.
Explanation:
A profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market that is producing on a production curve where the marginal product of labor is diminishing also has:
Answer: A. a downward-sloping labor demand curve.
Explanation:
If the marginal product of labor is diminishing then that means that for every extra worker hired, less products are made than the last worker. As a result of this, companies will not want to pay high wages to workers because they would be bringing in less revenue when hired.
This will cause a downward-sloping labor demand curve that shows that as more workers are hired, the company would like to pay less wages because each new worker is only producing less than the last worker.
For the quarter ended March 31, 2017, Croix Company accumulates the following sales data for its newest guitar, The Edge: $314,000 budget; $300,800 actual. In the second quarter, budgeted sales were $381,000, and actual sales were $391,000.
Prepare a static budget report for the second quarter and for the year to date.
CROIX COMPANY
Sales Budget Report
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2017
Second Quarter Year to Date
Product Line Budget Actual Difference Budget Actual Difference
Answer:
CROIX COMPANY
Sales Budget Report
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2017
Second Quarter Year to Date
Product Line Budget Actual Difference Budget Actual Difference
The Edge 381,000 391,000 10,000 695,000 691,800 3,200 U
Explanation:
Croix's sales budget gives a forecast of the sales figure over the future period in order to help Croix plan its production or purchase of the newest guitar, The Edge so that customers' demand can be met and profit objectives of the company is achieved.
The owner of a large machine shop has just finished its financial analysis from the prior fiscal year. Following is an excerpt from the final report: Net revenue $ 375,000 Cost of goods sold 322,000 Value of production materials on hand 42,500 Value of work-in-process inventory 37,000 Value of finished goods on hand 12,500 What is the inventory turnover ratio (ITR) ?
Answer:
The answer is 3.5
Explanation:
Inventory turnover ratio is:
Cost of goods sold / Total or average inventory
Cost of goods sold is $322,000
Total Inventory in this question comprises work-in- process, finished goods and even raw materials.
So total inventory equals:
Production materials on hand $42,500 Work-in-process inventory $37,000
Finished goods on hand $12,500
Total inventory. $92,000
Therefore, inventory turnover ratio is
$322,000 / $92,000
= 3.5
In an emergency situation, such as a life-threatening trauma in an emergency room, a supervisor must be:_______.
a. sensitive to employees' feelings.b. an empathetic communicator.c. an apprehensive communicator.d. direct and assertive.
Answer:
d. direct and assertive.
Explanation:
In an emergency situation, such as a life-threatening trauma in an emergency room, a supervisor must be direct and assertive.
When there's an emergency situation, this ultimately implies a life and death situation which is typically characterized by having someone being in a very critical and dangerous condition. In order to be able to save such an individual or situations, it is very important and essential to have a direct and assertive supervisor who is in charge or control of the emergency situation and capable of making quick decisions that would most likely salvage the situation.
A supervisor who is assertive is confident, bold and positive about his or her instructions in any situation, which is a prerequisite quality to overcome emergencies.
Current access control rosters should be authenticated by the manager or their designated representative. True False
Answer:
TRUE
Explanation:
Current Access Control rosters should be authenticated, authorized and accounted for by the manager or their designated representative.
Bio-metrics, Electronic locks, and Smart cards are sensitive data-derivation technologies and since they are applied in a number of sectors - e.g. Telecommunications, Retail, Defense, Healthcare, Hospitality, and Information Technology - current access to devices and software applications should be authenticated by the manager or a designated representative of the manager.
The NYSE Specialist (DMM) and Floor Trader system is the model for trading used by which of the following markets?
I NASDAQ
II AMEX (NYSE American)
III PHLX
IV BATS
a. I and III
b. I and IV
c. II and III
d. II and IV
Answer:
c. II and III
Explanation:
The New York Stock Exchange, NYSE Specialist (DMM) and Floor Trader system is the model for trading used by American Stock Exchange, AMEX (NYSE American) and Philadelphia Stock Exchange (PHLX).
However, National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) isn't modeled after the NYSE Specialist (DMM) and Floor Trader system, rather it is based on an all electronic market. Also, Better Alternative Trading System (BATS) started as an Electronic Communications Network (ECN) and as such is typically an all electronic market, which has transformed magnificently into an exchange according to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
Hence, the American Stock Exchange, AMEX (NYSE American) and Philadelphia Stock Exchange (PHLX) uses a designated market maker (DMM) and Floor Trader system just like the New York Stock Exchange as their primary market maker.
Consider the following information on large-company stocks for a period of years. Series Arithmetic Mean Large-company stocks 12.1 % Inflation 3.4A. What was the arithmetic average annual return on large-company stocks in nominal terms?
B. What was the arithmetic average annual return on large-company stocks in real terms?
Answer:
a. 12.1 %
b. 8.41%
Explanation:
a. The arithmetic average annual return on large-company stocks in nominal terms is already stated in the table as 12.1%.
This is because it was not yet adjusted for inflation making it nominal.
b. The arithmetic average annual return on large-company stocks in real terms can be expressed by;
Real Return = [(1 + Nominal rate) / (1 + Inflation rate)] - 1
= (( 1 + 12.1%) / ( 1 + 3.4%)) - 1
= (1.121/1.034) - 1
= 1.0841 - 1
= 8.41%
Rose Hill Trading Company is expected to have EPS in the upcoming year of $8. The expected ROE is 18%. An appropriate required return on the stock is 14%. If the firm has a retention ratio of 70%, its dividend in the upcoming year should be _________. A. $1.12 B. $1.44 C. $2.40 D. $5.60
Answer: C. $2.40
Explanation:
Earnings Per Share (EPS) refers to how much of the net income is due to the shareholders and is calculated by dividing the net income by the number of shareholders.
The retention ratio refers to how much of the net income will be held back by the company and not declared as dividends.
The dividends will therefore be the percentage of the EPS that is not held back.
= 8 * ( 1 - 0.7)
= $2.40
Kemp Corporation manufactures a variety of parts for use in its product. The company has always produced all of the necessary parts for its product, including all of the electronic circuits. The company sells 18,000 units of its product per year. An outside supplier has offered to sell electronic circuits to the company for a cost of $40 per unit. To evaluate this offer, the company has gathered the following information relating to its own cost of producing the electronic circuits internally: Per Unit 18,000 Units per Year Direct materials $ 18 $ 324,000 Direct labor 9 162,000 Variable manufacturing overhead 2 36,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead, traceable 9 * 162,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead, allocated 12 216,000 Total cost $ 50 $ 900,000 *One-third supervisory salary; two-thirds depreciation of special equipment (no resale value). Suppose that if the electronic circuits were purchased, the division supervisor position could be eliminated. Fixed manufacturing overhead will be allocated to other products made by the company. Also, the company could use the freed production capacity to launch a new product. The segment margin of the new product would be $180,000 per year. Given this new assumption, how much would be the financial advantage of buying 18,000 electronic circuits from the outside supplier
Answer:
financial advantage of purchasing from outside vendor = $36,000
Explanation:
outside vendor offers 18,000 units at $40 per unit = $720,000
current production costs (for 18,000 units):
Direct materials $324,000 Direct labor $162,000 Variable manufacturing overhead $36,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead, traceable $162,000 ($54,000 avoidable)Fixed manufacturing overhead, allocated $216,000 (not avoidable)Total cost $900,000total avoidable costs = $576,000
additional revenue generated by freed facilities = $180,000
financial advantage of purchasing from outside vendor = ($576,000 + $180,000) - $720,000 = $36,000
Answer the following questions. 1. A company has an inventory of 1,200 assorted parts for a line of missiles that has been discontinued. The inventory cost is $71,000. The parts can be either (a) remachined at total additional costs of $24,000 and then sold for $32,000 or (b) sold as scrap for $5,000. Which action is more profitable? Show your calculations. 2. A truck, costing $104,000 and uninsured, is wrecked its first day in use. It can be either (a) disposed of for $15,500 cash and replaced with a similar truck costing $105,500 or (b) rebuilt for $85,500, and thus be brand-new as far as operating characteristics and looks are concerned. Which action is less costly? Show your calculations.
Answer:
1) the $71,000 is considered a sunk cost because it cannot be recovered.
option A yields $32,000 - $24,000 = $8,000 (this is more profitable)
option B yields $5,000
2) the $104,000 is also considered a sunk cost because it cannot be recovered
option A results in $105,500 - $15,500 = $90,000 in costs
option B costs $85,500 (this option is less costly)
A process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity is known as
Answer:
Bounded rationality.
Explanation:
This is explained to be a model that is been used in making choices between alternatives. Models of this kind brings about use of logic, analysis and objectivity always which appear over subjectivity and insight. In this particular model, approaches like Formulating of goal, decision making, identification of criteria for decision making, performing analysis etc are seen to make this model a better type of its kind. Here individuals who are seen to posses high cognitive ability are seen handling of decisions and making quality arrangements towards its actualization.
In a lot of cases, it is seen to not consider factors that cannot be quantified, such as ethical concerns or the value of altruism.
