to dispense dangerous drugs the pharmacy department must display a

The nutritional calorie (cal) is the same as 1 kilocalorie (kcal). It is a unit of energy commonly used to measure the energy content of food.

In the context of nutrition and food labeling, the term "calorie" is often used to refer to the kilocalorie (kcal). The kilocalorie is a unit of energy commonly used to measure the energy content of food.
It represents the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius.

To avoid confusion, the kilocalorie is sometimes denoted as "Calorie" with a capital "C" to differentiate it from the smaller unit of energy, the calorie (cal), which is equivalent to 1/1000th of a kilocalorie. However, in many nutritional contexts, the terms "calorie" and "kilocalorie" are used interchangeably.

Therefore, the nutritional calorie (cal) is the same as 1 kilocalorie (kcal).

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Infiltration of the venous needle is a rare but serious complication that can occur during hemodialysis.

Infiltration occurs when the needle that is inserted into the vein becomes dislodged and the blood leaks into the surrounding tissue. The infiltration can cause swelling, pain, and discoloration of the skin. If left untreated, it can lead to tissue necrosis and permanent damage to the vein.

The new needle placement following an arterial needle infiltration should be on the same side of the fistula. It should be placed distal to the site of the infiltration, so as to avoid re-infiltration. If the infiltration is severe, it may be necessary to stop the dialysis and remove the needle immediately. In some cases, the patient may need to undergo surgery to repair the damaged vein.

The patient should be monitored closely for any signs of infection or further complications. The nurse should document the infiltration in the patient's medical record and report it to the physician. In conclusion, infiltration of the venous needle is a serious complication of hemodialysis that requires prompt recognition and treatment. The new needle placement should be done with caution and the patient should be closely monitored for any signs of further complications.

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The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) is a nutritional tool used to identify adequate calorie and macronutrient intake for the maintenance of a healthy body weight and to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. The AMDR defines the percentage of calories that should come from the three macronutrients, protein, carbohydrates, and fats.

The AMDR is important because it helps individuals establish a healthy dietary intake. The AMDR values are based on current scientific data and offer a general range of calories that is best for most people. These ranges are used to promote optimal health, rather than preventing nutritional deficiencies.

The AMDR provides guidance on macronutrient intake that is not too high or too low. The body needs macronutrients to support physiological functions. However, excessive consumption can result in unwanted weight gain and increased risk of chronic diseases.

Macronutrient needs are unique for every person depending on factors like age, gender, height, weight, physical activity level, and overall health status. When assessing dietary intake, it is important to consider the AMDR to ensure macronutrient needs are being met and to promote a healthy balance of nutrients in the diet.

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Sedation or drowsiness.

A clinical manifestation of a low dose of amitriptyline poisoning can include sedation or drowsiness. Here's why:

Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) medication commonly used to treat depression, but it can also be toxic in overdose situations.

At lower doses, amitriptyline primarily affects the central nervous system (CNS) and can cause sedation or drowsiness as a side effect.

Other possible clinical manifestations of low-dose amitriptyline poisoning may include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention.

It is important to note that the severity of symptoms can vary depending on the individual's tolerance and other factors such as age, weight, and overall health.

In cases of suspected amitriptyline poisoning or overdose, immediate medical attention should be sought to assess the situation and provide appropriate treatment.

It is crucial to consult a healthcare professional or poison control center for accurate diagnosis and management of amitriptyline poisoning.

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Among the four clients admitted under mass casualty conditions, the condition that would require the highest priority for treatment is C) Shock.

Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is an inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the body's organs and tissues. It can result from various causes, such as severe bleeding, trauma, severe infection (sepsis), heart failure, or anaphylaxis.

Immediate treatment and stabilization of shock are crucial to prevent organ damage and potential loss of life. The primary goal is to restore adequate blood flow and oxygenation to vital organs. Treatment may involve interventions such as intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, medications to support blood pressure and cardiac function, and addressing the underlying cause.

While all the conditions mentioned in the options may require urgent medical attention, shock poses the highest immediate risk to the patient's life. Therefore, it would take the highest priority for treatment in a mass casualty scenario.

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Shock is the client condition that would require the highest priority for treatment in a mass casualty situation.

In a mass casualty situation, the client condition that would require the highest priority for treatment is shock. Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body's vital organs do not receive enough oxygen and nutrients. It can be caused by various factors such as severe bleeding, trauma, or severe infection. Treatment for shock focuses on restoring adequate blood flow and oxygenation to the organs.

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Older adults require about 7 to 8 hours of sleep per night. However, it's important to note that individual sleep needs can vary, and some older adults may find that they need slightly more or less sleep to feel rested.

Additionally, factors such as overall health, lifestyle, and individual preferences can influence sleep duration. It's essential for older adults to prioritize good sleep habits and create a conducive sleep environment to ensure they get enough restful sleep for their well-being. Not just the absence of illness or disability, but also whole physical, mental, and social well-being, is referred to as being in good health. Every human person, regardless of ethnicity, religion, political beliefs, economic situation, or social standing, has the fundamental right to the enjoyment of the highest degree of health that is reasonably practicable.

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False. Authorities recommend foods as a source of calcium, but they do not necessarily prefer them over calcium supplements. The decision between foods and supplements depends on individual circumstances, and both can contribute to meeting calcium needs.The correct answer is - "true"

Calcium is an essential mineral for maintaining strong bones and overall health. When it comes to meeting calcium requirements, authorities recommend considering foods as a source of calcium. However, this does not necessarily mean they prefer them over calcium supplements. The choice depends on individual circumstances and factors such as dietary restrictions, preferences, and health conditions.

Calcium-rich foods are a natural source of this mineral and can include dairy products, leafy greens, tofu, and fortified foods. Including these foods in the diet can help meet calcium needs. However, in some cases, calcium supplements may be recommended, especially for individuals with deficiencies or specific health conditions that require higher levels of calcium.

1. Authorities recommend foods as a source of calcium.

2. They do not necessarily prefer them over calcium supplements.

3. Individual circumstances play a crucial role in determining the best approach.

4. Factors such as dietary restrictions, preferences, and health conditions influence the choice.

5. Calcium-rich foods include dairy products, leafy greens, tofu, and fortified foods.

6. Calcium supplements may be recommended for individuals with deficiencies or specific health conditions.

7. Consulting a healthcare professional can help determine the most suitable option.

Therefore, the correct answer is - "true".

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The correct option is e. palpate painful areas

After a thorough inspection of the abdomen, the next assessment step is to palpate the abdomen.

Inspection of the abdomen involves visually examining the shape, contour, and symmetry of the abdomen, as well as any visible abnormalities or signs of distension.

Once the inspection is completed, the next step in abdominal assessment is palpation, which involves using gentle touch and pressure to assess the abdomen's underlying structures, organs, and areas of tenderness.

Palpation can help identify areas of pain, abnormal masses, organ enlargement, or other abnormalities that may not be apparent through inspection alone.

Palpation is typically performed systematically, starting with light palpation to assess for surface characteristics, tenderness, and general areas of discomfort.

After light palpation, deeper palpation may be performed to assess for deeper masses, organ enlargement, or specific points of tenderness.

It is important for the healthcare provider to communicate with the patient throughout the process, explaining what is being done and ensuring their comfort and cooperation.

Based on the findings from inspection and palpation, further diagnostic tests or interventions may be warranted to investigate any abnormalities or concerns identified during the assessment.

Therefore the correct option is e. palpate painful areas

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When it comes to improving soft tissue extensibility through dynamic stretching, the correct option is C. Reciprocal inhibition. Reciprocal inhibition is a neurophysiological principle that involves activating the muscle opposite to the one being stretched. This activation causes a reflex relaxation response in the muscle being stretched, allowing for increased flexibility and extensibility.

Dynamic stretching involves moving parts of your body through a full range of motion in a controlled manner. By incorporating movements that engage the antagonist muscles, reciprocal inhibition is activated, which helps relax and lengthen the muscle being stretched.

On the other hand, Wolff's law and Davis's law are related to bone and connective tissue adaptation to stress and strain, respectively. Autogenic refers to exercises that involve self-induced relaxation, which is not directly related to improving soft tissue extensibility.

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In a community pharmacy, the dosage form that is regularly repackaged consists of unit-dose packaging or blister packs.

Unit-dose packaging involves individually packaging each dose of medication in a separate container. This can be in the form of single-use vials, pre-filled syringes, or individual medication pouches. Unit-dose packaging is convenient for patients as it provides them with the correct dosage for each administration, ensuring accuracy and ease of use.

Blister packs are another common form of dosage form used in community pharmacies. Blister packs consist of individual compartments or pockets, each containing a single dose of medication. The blister packs are usually made of plastic or foil, providing protection and maintaining the integrity of the medication. Blister packs are often used for oral solid medications, such as tablets and capsules.

Repackaging medications into unit-dose packaging or blister packs allows community pharmacies to dispense medications in a convenient and safe manner. It helps ensure proper dosing, improves medication adherence, and reduces the risk of medication errors. Additionally, repackaging allows for easier organization and storage of medications for both the pharmacy and the patients.

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The term that refers to a malignant new growth of epithelial cells is carcinoma.

Carcinoma is a type of cancer that occurs in epithelial tissues, which are tissues that cover the surface of the body, line internal organs, and form glands. It is the most common type of cancer found in humans.

A carcinoma begins in the epithelial cells, which are the cells that line the surfaces of organs and tissues.

These cells are found in many different parts of the body, including the skin, lungs, liver, pancreas, and other organs. Carcinomas can be further classified based on the type of epithelial cells involved.

For example, adenocarcinomas develop from glandular tissues, squamous cell carcinomas develop from flat cells that make up the skin and lining of organs, and transitional cell carcinomas develop from cells that line the bladder, ureters, and other organs.

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The priority assessment data for a client prescribed antibiotic therapy would be allergies. So, A) is correct.

When a client is prescribed antibiotic therapy, the most critical assessment to prioritize is the client's allergies. Allergies can include hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis to specific antibiotics or other related medications. It is crucial to identify any known allergies to antibiotics before administering the medication to prevent severe allergic reactions that can be life-threatening.

Assessing the client for allergies involves obtaining a comprehensive history of allergies, specifically focusing on previous reactions to antibiotics or other related medications. This information helps healthcare providers determine the appropriate antibiotic choice and avoid potentially harmful drugs.

While immunizations, history of seizures, and cardiac dysrhythmias are important aspects of the client's overall health assessment, they may not directly influence the immediate safety and administration of antibiotic therapy. However, if the client has a history of seizures or cardiac dysrhythmias, these conditions may need to be considered in selecting the appropriate antibiotic or monitoring the client's response to treatment.

So, identifying the client's allergies is the priority assessment data when a client is prescribed antibiotic therapy to ensure their safety and prevent potential allergic reactions.

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The definition you provided describes a malignant tumor of the exocrine gland located below the urinary bladder. This description corresponds to a specific type of cancer known as "adenocarcinoma of the prostate."

The prostate gland is an exocrine gland found in males, situated just below the urinary bladder and surrounding the urethra. It is responsible for producing and secreting seminal fluid, which is important for sperm transportation.

Adenocarcinoma refers to a type of cancer that originates in glandular cells, which are present in the prostate gland.

Therefore, adenocarcinoma of the prostate refers to the development of a malignant tumor in the glandular tissue of the prostate.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in males. It typically grows slowly and may not cause noticeable symptoms in the early stages.

However, as the cancer progresses, it can lead to urinary difficulties, pain, blood in the urine or semen, and other symptoms.

Diagnosis of prostate cancer involves various tests, including a digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test, and possibly a prostate biopsy for confirmation.

Treatment options for prostate cancer depend on the stage and aggressiveness of the tumor, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Early  exocrine gland lying below the urinary bladder is the definition of _detection and timely management of prostate cancer are crucial for favorable outcomes.

Regular screening and consultation with healthcare professionals are recommended, particularly for individuals at higher risk, such as older age or a family history of prostate cancer

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Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is not an extrapyramidal effect of using antipsychotic medications to treat schizophrenia.

The extrapyramidal effects of using antipsychotic medications to treat schizophrenia include Parkinsonian-type symptoms, Huntington's-type symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia. However, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is not considered an extrapyramidal effect of antipsychotic medications.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that can occur as a severe reaction to antipsychotic medications. It is characterized by a combination of symptoms, including high fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction (e.g., rapid heart rate, fluctuating blood pressure), and evidence of muscle breakdown (elevated creatine kinase levels).

NMS is considered an idiosyncratic reaction to antipsychotic medications, and its exact cause is not fully understood. It is believed to involve dysregulation of dopamine receptors and disruption of the central thermoregulatory mechanisms. NMS can occur with both typical (first-generation) and atypical (second-generation) antipsychotics.

On the other hand, the extrapyramidal effects mentioned in options A, B, and D are commonly associated with antipsychotic medication use.

Parkinsonian-type symptoms resemble Parkinson's disease and can include bradykinesia (slowness of movement), rigidity, resting tremors, and postural instability. These symptoms result from the blockade of dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia.

Huntington's-type symptoms, also known as hyperkinetic or dyskinetic symptoms, are characterized by abnormal involuntary movements such as chorea (dance-like movements) and dystonia (sustained muscle contractions leading to abnormal postures).

Tardive dyskinesia is a delayed-onset side effect of long-term antipsychotic use, characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements of the face, tongue, lips, and limbs. It can be irreversible even after discontinuation of the medication.

In conclusion, the correct answer is C).

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To facilitate the emulsification of dietary fats, the gallbladder stores and releases bile. So, c) is correct.

The gallbladder is a small organ located beneath the liver. One of its primary functions is to store and concentrate bile produced by the liver. Bile is a digestive fluid that plays a crucial role in the emulsification and digestion of dietary fats.

When fat-containing food enters the small intestine, the gallbladder contracts and releases stored bile into the common bile duct, which connects to the small intestine. Bile contains bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, phospholipids, and electrolytes. The bile salts present in bile help in the emulsification of fats.

Emulsification is the process of breaking down large fat globules into smaller droplets. This action increases the surface area of fat, allowing digestive enzymes called lipases to more effectively break down the fats into fatty acids and glycerol for absorption.

Therefore, the gallbladder's role is to store and release bile, which aids in the emulsification and digestion of dietary fats. Option c) "Bile" is the correct answer.

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Dull, achy abdominal pain that is difficult to locate is​ called visceral. So, option C) is the correct answer.

Dull, achy abdominal pain that is difficult to locate is referred to as visceral pain. Visceral pain arises from the internal organs and is often described as a deep, vague, or poorly localized discomfort. It is typically caused by stretching, distension, or inflammation of the organs and is transmitted through the autonomic nervous system.

Somatic pain is pain that originates from the skin, muscles, or other structures associated with the body's surface. It is usually well-localized and can be described as sharp or throbbing.

Parietal pain refers to pain that arises from the parietal peritoneum, the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. Parietal pain is often sharp, well-localized, and aggravated by movement or pressure.

Radiating pain is pain that extends or spreads from its origin to other areas of the body. It can occur in various types of pain, including somatic and visceral pain.

Therefore, the correct answer is C. Visceral.

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TTX, or tetrodotoxin, is a potent neurotoxin that is primarily found in certain marine animals, such as pufferfish.

1. Safety: TTX is a highly toxic substance that can be fatal if administered inappropriately or in excessive amounts. Its use in dental procedures would pose significant risks to patients, as even a small error in dosage or administration could have severe consequences.

2. Lack of Relevance: TTX is primarily associated with its potent paralyzing effects and is not specifically designed or indicated for dental procedures. Dental procedures typically require local anesthesia, which is focused on numbing the area being treated rather than inducing paralysis.

3. Availability and Regulation: TTX is a controlled substance and highly regulated due to its toxicity. It is not readily available or approved for use in dental procedures. Dental professionals typically rely on other local anesthetics that are specifically formulated, extensively studied, and approved for dental use.

4. Efficacy: TTX may not provide the desired effects for dental procedures. Local anesthetics used in dentistry are carefully selected based on their ability to block pain sensation in the targeted area while maintaining patient comfort and safety. TTX may not possess the desired properties and effectiveness required for dental anesthesia.

So, the use of TTX in dental procedures is not feasible or appropriate due to its extreme toxicity, lack of relevance, regulatory restrictions, and availability of safer and more suitable local anesthetics specifically designed for dental use.

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Restraints or securing devices.

To safely transport cargo, it is essential to use restraints or securing devices to prevent the load from shifting, slipping, rolling, or falling during transportation.

Restraints: Restraints can include various types of equipment or mechanisms that hold the cargo in place and prevent movement. These may include straps, chains, ropes, or nets.

Securing devices: Securing devices are specifically designed tools or mechanisms that are used to secure cargo in vehicles or containers. These devices are often adjustable and provide a secure attachment point for the cargo. Examples include tie-downs, anchor points, or locking mechanisms.

The use of restraints or securing devices ensures that the cargo remains stable and properly positioned throughout the transportation process. This helps prevent accidents, damage to the cargo, and potential hazards to the vehicle, driver, and others on the road.

It is important to follow proper loading and securing procedures according to industry guidelines and regulations to ensure the safe transport of cargo. This includes using appropriate restraints or securing devices based on the type, size, and weight of the cargo being transported.

Always refer to specific safety regulations and guidelines provided by relevant authorities when securing cargo for transportation.

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False. Personality not change occurs only when clients develop insight into the origin of their personality problems.

According to Carl Rogers, personality change occurs through a process called "client-centered therapy" or "person-centered therapy," which emphasizes the importance of creating a supportive and empathetic therapeutic environment.

While developing insight into the origin of personality problems can be a part of the therapeutic process, it is not the sole factor responsible for personality change. Rogers believed that personality change primarily occurs when individuals experience an accepting and non-judgmental therapeutic relationship that fosters self-discovery, self-acceptance, and personal growth.

The emphasis is on the client's self-perception, self-acceptance, and self-directed change rather than solely focusing on gaining insight into the origin of personality problems. Therefore, the statement that personality change occurs only when clients develop insight into the origin of their personality problems is false.

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Performing early CPR on a child in cardiac arrest can significantly increase their chance of survival.

CPR stands for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and it is a first aid technique that involves chest compressions and rescue breathing. When a child goes into cardiac arrest, their heart has stopped beating and it is vital to act quickly in order to maintain circulation and oxygenation of the brain and other vital organs.

The chances of survival decrease with each minute that passes without CPR, which is why it is so important to start the procedure as soon as possible. Early CPR can help to keep blood flowing to the brain and other vital organs, which can buy time until advanced medical help arrives. It can also help to prevent brain damage or other serious complications that can result from a lack of oxygen.

There are a few important steps to remember when performing CPR on a child. First, it is important to assess the situation and make sure it is safe to approach the child. Next, check for signs of life, such as breathing or a pulse. If there are no signs of life, begin chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute, and rescue breathing at a ratio of 30 compressions to 2 breaths.

Remember to call for emergency medical help as soon as possible and continue CPR until help arrives. In summary, early CPR can be life-saving for a child in cardiac arrest, and it is important to act quickly and confidently if you find yourself in this situation.

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Someone needing custodial care at home would typically require long-term care insurance coverage.

Custodial care refers to non-medical assistance and support provided to individuals who need help with daily activities such as bathing, dressing, eating, and mobility.

While custodial care can be provided in various settings, including nursing homes and assisted living facilities, some individuals prefer to receive this care at home.

Long-term care insurance is a type of insurance coverage that helps cover the costs associated with custodial care and other long-term care services.

This insurance can provide financial assistance for home-based care, including personal care, housekeeping, and companionship services.

It is important to review the terms and coverage of a specific long-term care insurance policy to ensure that it includes coverage for custodial care at home.

Alternatively, individuals may consider other options such as self-payment or government programs like Medicaid if they are eligible.

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Custodial care at home would require long-term care insurance, specifically designed to cover the costs of help with daily living activities. Types of insurance like health, car, house or renter's, and life each cover specific domains of life. Private insurance could also potentially provide custodial care coverage.

Someone needing custodial care at home would require long-term care insurance. This type of insurance is specifically designed to cover the costs of custodial care, which involves help with daily living activities like bathing, eating, and dressing. This coverage can provide much-needed relief for situations in which a person's health insurance doesn't cover these needs. Keep in mind that various insurances may cater to different aspects of our life such as health insurance for medical care, car insurance for automobile accidents, house or renter's insurance for stolen possessions or items damaged by fire, and life insurance which provides financial support for the family if the insured individual dies.

Also noteworthy is private insurance, which can be either employment-based or direct-purchase insurance. Employment-based insurance is coverage provided in whole or in part by an employer or union, and can cover just the employee or the employee and their family. Direct purchase insurance is coverage that an individual buys directly from a private company and could potentially provide custodial care coverage, depending on the terms of the policy.

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In most cases, death occurs many years after the first signs of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects memory, thinking skills, and behavior. The exact duration of the disease can vary widely among individuals, but it is generally a chronic and slowly progressing condition.

After the initial symptoms of Alzheimer's disease appear, individuals can live with the disease for an average of 4 to 8 years, although some may live for as long as 20 years. The progression of the disease is typically gradual, with symptoms worsening over time. As the disease advances, individuals may experience increased cognitive decline, memory loss, confusion, disorientation, difficulty communicating, and changes in behavior and personality.

During the later stages of Alzheimer's disease, individuals may require full-time care and assistance with daily activities. They become more susceptible to complications such as infections, malnutrition, and other medical conditions. These complications can contribute to a decline in overall health and functioning.

Ultimately, the cause of death in individuals with Alzheimer's disease is often related to complications from the disease itself or other health issues that arise during the illness. Common causes of death in individuals with advanced Alzheimer's disease include pneumonia, infections, aspiration, and organ failure.

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