Uniformitarianism means:________. a. neither the scientific past nor the future can be predicted because physical laws change over time. b. earth's surface, including the oceans and continents, has always been the same and will always remain unchanged. c. geologic processes on Earth all operate at roughly the same speed, which has not changed over time. d. geologic processes that operate today operated in the past at about the same speed.

Answer:

Uniformitarianism means:

d. geologic processes that operate today operated in the past at about the same speed.

Geologists study present geologic processes, whether they are sudden, like an earthquake, or slow, like the erosion of a river valley, to gain insight into the past. This is known as uniformitarianism.

Thus, option D is correct.

The theory of uniformitarianism was developed by Charles Lyell in the 19th century and is based on the writings of James Hutton. According to this hypothesis, the forces and processes that can be seen at the surface of the earth are the same ones that have sculpted the planet's terrain throughout natural history.

The belief that the same natural laws and processes that govern the universe today and have always governed it in the past and apply to all of it is known as uniformitarianism, also known as the Doctrine of Uniformity or the Uniformitarian Principle. Today, we accept uniformitarianism as genuine and understand that major catastrophes like earthquakes, asteroids, volcanoes, and floods are a regular part of the earth's cycle.

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