Since the closing inventory is negative, it indicates that the inventory has been fully sold. Therefore, the cost of goods sold is equal to the purchases made during the period, which is $32,021. Hence, the cost of goods sold is $31,256 (Option B).
To calculate the cost of goods sold, we need to consider the changes in inventory during the period and the purchases made. The formula for calculating the cost of goods sold is Opening Inventory + Purchases - Closing Inventory.
Given information:
Purchases: $32,021
Inventory, September 1: $7,148
Inventory, September 30: Not provided
To find the closing inventory, we need to determine the difference between the opening inventory and the purchases made during the period. Subtracting the purchases from the opening inventory gives us the closing inventory. In this case, the closing inventory is $7,148 - $32,021 = -$24,873.
Since the closing inventory is negative, it indicates that the inventory has been fully sold. Therefore, the cost of goods sold is equal to the purchases made during the period, which is $32,021.
Hence, the cost of goods sold is $31,256 (Option B).
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Nash Manufacturing operates a small factory building. Recently, the company paid some amounts related to its property, plant, and equipment.
Nash paid $49,200 to replace part of the factory floor. The floor had been capitalized as part of the factory building when it was purchased ten years previously and was not considered a separate component. When purchased, the building had been assumed to have a 30-year useful life and was being depreciated on a straight-line basis. At the time of the floor replacement, the building had been depreciated for 10 years. Nash estimated that the original cost of the floor would have been 25% cheaper than the new replacement, due to inflation.
Prepare the journal entries to record these transactions, assuming Nash follows IFRS.
Journal entry to record the increase in the carrying value of the factory building: Debit: Factory Building ($12,000) [($49,200 - (0.25 * $49,200))] and Credit: Accumulated Depreciation - Factory Building ($12,000)
To record the transactions related to the replacement of the factory floor, the following journal entries need to be made:
Journal entry to record the replacement of the factory floor:
Debit: Factory Floor Replacement Expense ($49,200)
Credit: Accumulated Depreciation - Factory Building ($49,200)
This entry reflects the cost of replacing the factory floor, which is expensed in the period.
Journal entry to adjust the accumulated depreciation:
Debit: Accumulated Depreciation - Factory Building ($14,400) [($49,200 / 30 years) * 10 years]
Credit: Depreciation Expense - Factory Building ($14,400)
This entry reflects the depreciation expense for the original factory floor that was replaced. The accumulated depreciation is adjusted based on the depreciation taken over the 10-year period.
This entry reflects the increase in the carrying value of the factory building due to the replacement of the floor at a cost 25% higher than the estimated original cost.
Note: The specific accounts used may vary depending on the company's chart of accounts and accounting policies. Please consult the company's accounting guidelines and IFRS standards for accurate account selection and financial reporting.
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On May 10, a company issued for cash 1,800 shares of no-par common stock (with a stated value of $5) at $17, and on May 15, it issued for cash 4,000 shares of $18 par preferred stock at $61.
Required:
Journalize the entries for May 10 and 15, assuming that the common stock is to be credited with the stated value. Refer to the Chart of Accounts for exact wording of account titles.
Journalize the entries for May 10 and 15, assuming that the common stock is to be credited with the stated value. Refer to the Chart of Accounts for exact wording of account titles.
PAGE 1
JOURNAL
DATE DESCRIPTION POST. REF. DEBIT CREDIT
The journal entry records an increase in the Cash account and an increase in the Common Stock—$5 Stated Value account for the stated value of the shares issued, and the remaining amount is recorded as an increase in the Paid-in Capital in Excess of Stated Value—Common Stock account.
The journal entries for May 10 and May 15 are as follows:
May 10:
- Debit: Cash $30,600
- Credit: Common Stock—$5 Stated Value $9,000
- Credit: Paid-in Capital in Excess of Stated Value—Common Stock $21,600
May 15:
- Debit: Cash $244,000
- Credit: Preferred Stock $72,000
- Credit: Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par—Preferred Stock $172,000
On May 10, the company issued 1,800 shares of no-par common stock with a stated value of $5 at $17 per share.
The total cash received from the issuance is calculated as follows: 1,800 shares * $17 = $30,600.
The journal entry records an increase in the Cash account and an increase in the Common Stock—$5 Stated Value account for the stated value of the shares issued, and the remaining amount is recorded as an increase in the Paid-in Capital in Excess of Stated Value—Common Stock account.
On May 15, the company issued 4,000 shares of $18 par preferred stock at $61 per share. The total cash received from the issuance is calculated as follows: 4,000 shares * $61 = $244,000.
The journal entry records an increase in the Cash account and an increase in the Preferred Stock account for the par value of the shares issued, and the remaining amount is recorded as an increase in the Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par—Preferred Stock account.
These journal entries reflect the issuance of the common and preferred stock for cash and ensure that the appropriate accounts are credited based on the stated value or par value of the shares and the excess amount received.
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__________ are subtle forms of promotion that encourage shopping in retailers' stores.
In-store promotions are subtle forms of promotion that encourage shopping in retailers' stores.
In-store promotions include sales promotions, store coupons, and loyalty reward programs. These promotions are an effective method of marketing to customers and increasing sales for businesses.
In-store promotions typically offer discounts, gifts, or other incentives to customers who purchase products in-store. This type of promotion can be tailored to meet the specific needs of customers and can be used to target specific demographics or consumer groups. In-store promotions can also be used to reward loyal customers and encourage repeat business.
Through targeted promotions and incentives, retailers can attract new customers and encourage repeat business from existing customers. In-store promotions also help retailers to stand out in a crowded marketplace and differentiate themselves from competitors.
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The wages of workers displaced by international trade will fall less when O a. unemployment benefits are made less generous. b. workers are close substitutes with foreign workers. c. the scale effect is larger. d. the substitution effect is larger.
International trade has increasingly become a significant factor in the global economic system. The creation of trade barriers has been a popular topic among policymakers.
However, some downsides are associated with international trade such as the displacement of workers. Workers displaced by international trade will experience a decrease in their wages.
The magnitude of the decrease is subject to several factors including the generosity of unemployment benefits, the substitution and scale effects, as well as the skill level of the displaced workers. The most significant factor in this situation is the substitution effect.
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Bonus sting for departing AMP chief AMP's AGM is scheduled for April 30.
The AGM debate comes as AMP continues protracted talks with suitor Ares Management for the sale of all or part of its private markets unit within AMP Capital. US-based Ares was seeking 60 per cent of the private markets division, which spans real estate and infrastructure , but has recently flagged interest in buying the unit outright.
AMP's shares dipped 0.8 per cent on Wednesday to close at $1.23, not far off the stock's COVID-19 trough of $1.11.
Ownership Matters noted incoming AMP CEO Alexis George's pay was substantially lower than that of Mr De Ferrari. "Her sign-on incentives mirror the incentives she has foregone at ANZ both in value and structure," the report said.
Early this month, AMP unveiled Ms George - ANZ's deputy chief - as its new CEO and said she would take over in the third quarter.
AMP has disclosed the new CEO's contract includes annual salary and superannuation totalling $1.72m, and the potential for a short term bonus of 100-200 per cent of that amount, depending on performance.
There is also a substantial sign-on award with a face value of $4.1m in AMP shares. It vests in tranches over three years, if conditions including total shareholder return targets and continued service are met, and aims to replace "existing incentive arrangements forgone" ".
But Ownership Matters said some shareholders may wish to vote against AMP's remuneration report, given the awarding of retention incentives to senior executives - but not the outgoing CEO.
Ownership Matters took aim at the AGM motion, which was still in place on the release of its report, to grant Mr De Ferrari performance rights with a face value of $2.2m.
Extract from Moullakis, J. Bonus sting for departing AMP chief. The Australian. Apr 15, 2021.
Do you think incoming CEO Alexis George's pay contract helps to address the agency problem? Explain.
The incoming CEO's pay contract can help to address the agency problem. However, it's not entirely guaranteed to prevent such problems from occurring in the future, but it could mitigate them.
The agency problem is a situation where managers' incentives differ from those of shareholders, and the former might make decisions in their own interests rather than those of shareholders. Ownership Matters argued that some shareholders may be against AMP's remuneration report, considering the awarding of retention incentives to senior executives but not the outgoing CEO, as reported in the article.
Alexis George's pay contract can help address the agency problem by aligning her incentives with those of shareholders, making it more difficult for her to make decisions in her interest rather than that of shareholders.
Alexis George's annual salary and superannuation total $1.72m, with the potential for a short term bonus of 100-200 per cent of that amount, depending on performance. Furthermore, she is awarded a sign-on bonus worth $4.1m in AMP shares, which vests over three years if conditions including total shareholder return targets and continued service are met and aims to replace "existing incentive arrangements forgone."
If Alexis George is unable to deliver an adequate return to shareholders, her short-term bonus is lowered, making it difficult for her to act against the interests of shareholders. Furthermore, the sign-on award replaces existing incentive arrangements, meaning that the outgoing CEO will not be the only one receiving incentives.
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If the cost function is C(q)=1600+60q2
What is the value of q at the minimum of Average Total Cost
There is no value of q that satisfies this equation, we conclude that there is no minimum point for the Average Total Cost (ATC) in this case.
To find the value of q at the minimum of Average Total Cost (ATC), we need to calculate the derivative of the Average Total Cost function and set it equal to zero. Let's start by defining the Average Total Cost (ATC) function.
The Average Total Cost (ATC) is calculated by dividing the total cost (C(q)) by the quantity produced (q):
ATC(q) = C(q) / q
Given the cost function C(q) = 1600 + 60q^2, we can substitute it into the ATC formula:
ATC(q) = (1600 + 60q^2) / q
Now, let's differentiate the ATC function with respect to q:
ATC'(q) = (d/dq) [(1600 + 60q^2) / q]
To simplify this expression, we can use the quotient rule of differentiation:
ATC'(q) = [(q * 120q) - (60q^2 * 1)] / (q^2)
ATC'(q) = (120q^2 - 60q^2) / (q^2)
ATC'(q) = 60q^2 / q^2
ATC'(q) = 60
Now, we set ATC'(q) equal to zero and solve for q:
60 = 0
Since there is no value of q that satisfies this equation, we conclude that there is no minimum point for the Average Total Cost (ATC) in this case.
It's important to note that for a minimum point to exist in the ATC function, the derivative should equal zero. However, in this case, the derivative is a constant value of 60, indicating that the ATC function is either increasing or decreasing but does not have a minimum point.
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Choose any Hotel near you
List the amenities they have along wioth the types of rooms they
provide .
A general list of common amenities found in hotels and some common types of rooms that hotels typically offer.
Common amenities in hotels can include Wi-Fi or internet access, Complimentary breakfast, Swimming pool, Fitness center, On-site restaurant or room service, Business center, Parking facilities, Spa or wellness facilities, 24-hour front desk, Laundry services. Standard or Deluxe Room, Suite, Executive Room, Family Room, Connecting Rooms, Accessible or ADA-compliant Room, Penthouse or Presidential Suite, Studio Room, Junior Suite, Extended Stay Room or Apartment. When searching for a hotel near your location, I recommend using online hotel booking platforms or search engines where you can specify your desired amenities and room types to find hotels that meet your preferences.
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On January 1, 2020, Sidelines Company purchases equipment with an estimated 5-year useful life by making a $6,500 cash payment and issuing a noninterset-bearing note for $30,000 due in two years. The fair value of the the equipment is unknown. An 12% annual interest rate is typical of this transaction. The present value factor of $1 for i=12% and n=2 is 0.79719. The company uses the effective interest method to amortize interest expense and the straight-line method to estimate depreciation expense. The residual value of the equipment is zero. The balance of discount on note payable that the company should report in its December, 31, 2020 balance sheet is: a. $0. b. $6,084. c. $3,214. d. $2,870.
Discount on Note Payable as on December 31, 2020 = Option (E) $4,514.42
Given Data:Purchase cost of equipment on January 1, 2020 = $6,500Issued note for equipment = $30,000Annual interest rate for transaction = 12%Present value factor for i = 12% and n = 2 = 0.79719Residual value of equipment = $0Method of depreciation = Straight lineMethod of amortization = Effective Interest Method
The balance of discount on note payable that the company should report in its December, 31, 2020 balance sheet is calculated as follows:Calculation of Annual Depreciation Expense:Cost of Equipment = $6,500Depreciation rate = 100% / 5 years = 20% per yearDepreciation Expense for the year = 20% x $6,500 = $1,300
Calculation of Annual Interest Expense:Total Note Payable = $30,000 x 0.79719 = $23,915.70Interest for the year = 12% x $23,915.70 = $2,869.88Calculation of Discount Amortization:Discount on Note Payable = $30,000 - $23,915.70 = $6,084.30Amortization of Discount = $2,869.88 - $1,300 = $1,569.88
Discount on Note Payable as on December 31, 2020 = $6,084.30 - $1,569.88 = $4,514.42Option (E) $4,514.42 is the correct answer.
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points eBook Print References Required information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below] Diego Company manufactures one product that is sold for $76 per unit in two geographic regions-the East and West regions. The following information pertains to the company's first year of operations in which it produced 47,000 units and sold 42,000 units. Variable costs per units Manufacturingi Direct materials Direct labor 926 $10 Variable manufacturing overhead Variable selling and administrative Fixed coats per year: 2 $4 Fixed manufacturing overhead $ 907,000 $475,000 Fixed selling and administrative expense The company sold 32,000 units in the East region and 10,000 units in the West region. It determined that $210,000 of its fixed selling and administrative expense is traceable to the West region, $160,000 is traceable to the East region, and the remaining $105,000 is a common fixed expense. The company will continue to incur the total amount of its fixed manufacturing pverhead costs as long as it continues to produce any amount of its only product. 6. What is the company's net operating income (loss) under absorption costing? Check my work Part 7 of 11 0.9 points Swoped ebook Print References Mc Graw Hill Required information [The following information applies to the questions displayed below] Diego Company manufactures one product that is sold for $76 per unit in two geographic regions-the East and West regions. The following information pertains to the company's first year of operations in which it produced 47,000 units and sold 42.000 units. Variable costs per unit: Manufacturing: materials Direct Direct labor $ 26 $10 $2 Variable manufacturing overhead Variable selling and administrative Fixed costs per year: $4 Fixed manufacturing overhead Fixed selling and administrative expense $987,000 $475,000 The company sold 32,000 units in the East region and 10,000 units in the West region. It determined that $210,000 of its fixed selling and administrative expense is traceable to the West region, $160,000 is traceable to the East region, and the remaining $105.000 is a common fixed expense. The company will continue to incur the total amount of its fixed manufacturing overhead costs as long as it continues to produce any amount of its only product 7. What is the amount of the difference between the variable costing and absorption costing net operating incomes posses)? Difference of Variable Costing and Absorption Costing Net Operating Income (Losses) Variable costing net operating income (los) Absorption costing net operating income (los) 00 7 9 11 of 11 < Prev Next > 8 Check my work 8 Part 8 of 11 0.9 points Skipped Book Print References Required information (The following information applies to the questions displayed below] Diego Company manufactures one product that is sold for $76 per unit in two geographic regions-the East and West regions. The following information pertains to the company's first year of operations in which it produced 47,000 units and sold 42,000 units. Variable costs per unit: Manufacturing Direct materials Direct labor $26 Variable manufacturing overhead $10 $2 Variable selling and administrative 54 Fixed costs per year Fixed manufacturing overhead $ 987,000 Fixed selling and administrative expense $ 475,000 The company sold 32.000 units in the East region and 10,000 units in the West region. It determined that $210,000 of fixed selling and administrative expense is traceable to the West region, $160,000 is traceable to the East region, and the i remaining $105,000 is a common fixed expense. The company will continue to incur the total amount of its fixed manufacturing overhead costs as long as it continues to produce any amount of its only product 10. What would have been the company's variable costing net operating income (oss) if it had produced and sold 42,000 units? 09 Check my work
Previous qu
Based on the information, the company's net operating income under absorption costing is $1,218,000.
How to calculate the incomeFixed manufacturing overhead cost per unit = Total fixed manufacturing overhead / Total units produced
Fixed manufacturing overhead cost per unit = $987,000 / 47,000 units
Fixed manufacturing overhead cost per unit = $21 per unit
Total manufacturing cost per unit = Variable manufacturing cost per unit + Fixed manufacturing overhead cost per unit
Total manufacturing cost per unit = $26 + $21
Total manufacturing cost per unit = $47 per unit
Net operating income under absorption costing = (Selling price per unit - Total manufacturing cost per unit) x Units sold
Net operating income under absorption costing = ($76 - $47) x 42,000 units
Net operating income under absorption costing = $29 x 42,000 units
Net operating income under absorption costing = $1,218,000
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Your team is composed of the Owner of a motor-racing circuit called the Bugatti Circuit in Le Mans in France, the Director, the Finance Director and the Marketing Director.
Roland Gumpert wishes to rent your racing circuit for one day to showcase his new creation, 2021 Roland Gumpert Nathalie. You, The Bugatti Circuit, have been approached by the car manufacturer and have discussed with them on the phone and by emails over the last few months. The person you spoke with was not clear enough in explaining their project, and you hope that this meeting will clarify their needs. They are traveling to France to negotiate with you in few weeks. Your usual daily rate is 100,000 EUR for the exclusivity. They have mentioned that they would like the exclusive use on October 9, next year, which is not a good date for you as Porsche has already rented the racing circuit for 4 days. Your aim is to try to convince them to instead accept a date in September. Also, the rule is to rent the racing circuit for a minimum of three days. However, the car manufacturer’s mentioned a limited budget and you will have to decide if you may grant an exception.
By approaching the negotiation with professionalism, flexibility, and a focus on finding a mutually beneficial solution, you increase the chances of reaching an agreement that satisfies Roland Gumpert and his team while aligning with the availability and requirements of the Bugatti Circuit.
As the Owner of the Bugatti Circuit, it is essential to approach the negotiation with Roland Gumpert and his team in a professional and solution-oriented manner. Here's a suggested approach to address their needs and find a mutually beneficial agreement:
1. Understand their Project: Begin the meeting by expressing your excitement about their interest in showcasing the 2021 Roland Gumpert Nathalie at the Bugatti Circuit. Politely explain that while you have had discussions over the phone and email, you would appreciate a more detailed explanation of their project, including their specific requirements and goals for the event. This will help you understand their needs better and tailor your offer accordingly.
2. Clarify Availability: Inform them that you have received their request for exclusive use on October 9, but due to a prior commitment with Porsche for four days, that specific date is not available. Apologize for any inconvenience caused and emphasize your desire to find an alternative solution.
3. Suggest Alternate Dates: Propose alternative dates in September that are available for a three-day minimum rental period. Highlight the advantages of September, such as better weather conditions or fewer scheduling conflicts. Emphasize that this alternative will still allow them to have the exclusive use of the circuit and maximize the impact of their event.
4. Consider Budget Constraints: When they mention their limited budget, express understanding and empathy. Mention that your usual daily rate is 100,000 EUR for exclusivity, but given their unique circumstances, you are open to discussing a tailored package that aligns with their budget. This flexibility shows goodwill and a willingness to accommodate their needs.
5. Present Value-Added Options: To further accommodate their budget, consider offering additional value-added options. This could include marketing support from the Bugatti Circuit's marketing team, discounted rates for certain services or facilities, or collaborative promotional activities.
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Vincenzo, an Italian designer, is making robots to service expresso coffee on College Street in Toronto. The robots will roll to your table and also drop off the biscotti. Below is the expected (budgeted) data for the start of next year: January February March April Sales in units. 50 60 70 85 Sales price per unit $60.00 $65.00 $55.00 $50.00 The desired ending inventory for finished goods (production) is 20% of next month's sales. The desired ending inventory for raw materials is 10% of the next month's raw material requirements. Raw material required for each unit of the product is 5 units. The cost of each unit of raw material is $10 per unit. Time required to assemble one (1) robot is 90 minutes. Assembly line workers are paid $15 per direct labour hour. Using the above information answer the following questions. Using the sales budget, calculate the budgeted sales for February. HINT: remember the entry rules! A/ Complete the production budget. How many units will have to be produced in February to meet the requirements? HINT: What are the "Units to be produced" on the production budget for February? A/ Prepare the Direct Materials Purchases Budget. What will be the cost of February's production? HINT: On the Direct Materials Purchases Budget, what will be the "Total direct materials cost"? A/ Prepare the Direct Labour Budget. What will be the total direct labour cost (rounded to the nearest dollar) for February?
1. Budgeted sales for February: 60 units. 2. Production budget for February: 64 units. 3. Direct Materials Purchases Budget: Total cost of materials for February's production: $3,200. 4. Direct Labour Budget: Total labour cost for February: $1,440.
1. The budgeted sales for February are directly given as 60 units in the sales budget.
2. To determine the number of units to be produced in February, we consider the budgeted sales, desired ending inventory, and beginning inventory. The desired ending inventory is calculated as 20% of next month's sales (70 units * 20% = 14 units), and the beginning inventory is 20% of the current month's sales (50 units * 20% = 10 units). By adding these values, we get the units to be produced as 64 units.
3. The Direct Materials Purchases Budget calculates the total direct materials cost for February's production. We multiply the units to be produced (64 units) by the raw materials required per unit (5 units) and the cost per unit ($10) to get a total of $3,200.
4. The Direct Labour Budget determines the total direct labour cost for February. We multiply the units to be produced (64 units) by the time required to assemble one unit (90 minutes) and the direct labour rate per hour ($15) to get a total of $1,440.
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Based on Hofstede's six dimensions of culture, compare China with the country that has the emerging technology. If your emerging technology originates within China, compare your selected country to the United States.
Hofstede's six dimensions of culture help identify cultural disparities that can influence business practices and technological advancements.
China, known for its rich cultural heritage and rapid technological growth, exhibits distinct characteristics in comparison to countries with emerging technology. In terms of power distance, China tends to have a higher power distance, emphasizing hierarchical structures and respect for authority. In contrast, countries with emerging technology may have a lower power distance, encouraging a more egalitarian and collaborative approach.
Regarding individualism vs. collectivism, China leans towards collectivism, prioritizing group harmony and loyalty. In contrast, countries with emerging technology may lean more towards individualism, emphasizing personal freedom, independence, and innovation.
In terms of masculinity vs. femininity, China generally leans towards masculinity, emphasizing competition, assertiveness, and material success. Countries with emerging technology may exhibit a similar tendency. However, they may also embrace femininity, emphasizing collaboration, nurturing, and social responsibility.
In uncertainty avoidance, China tends to have a higher level of uncertainty avoidance, favoring stability, rules, and risk avoidance. Countries with emerging technology may have a lower level, promoting risk-taking, flexibility, and adaptability.
Regarding long-term orientation vs. short-term orientation, China tends to prioritize long-term orientation, valuing persistence, tradition, and future rewards. Countries with emerging technology may have a similar perspective, focusing on innovation, sustainability, and long-term growth.
Lastly, in terms of indulgence vs. restraint, China leans towards restraint, emphasizing self-control, modesty, and norm adherence. Countries with emerging technology may exhibit a similar tendency, although they may also emphasize indulgence, promoting personal enjoyment, leisure, and self-expression.
Overall, while China and countries with emerging technology may share certain cultural traits, differences exist in power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. femininity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation vs. short-term orientation, and indulgence vs. restraint. Understanding these cultural disparities is crucial for effective collaboration and successful integration of emerging technologies in global markets.
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Suppose you are responsible for the design of a new order entry and sales analysis system for a national chain of auto part stores. Each store has a PC that supports office functions. The company also has regional managers who travel from store to store working with the local managers to promote sales. There are four national offices for the regional managers, who each spend about 1 day a week in their office and 4 on the road. Stores place orders to replenish stock on a daily basis, based on the sales history and inventory levels. The company uses the Internet to connect store PCs into the company’s main computer. Each regional manager has a laptop computer to also connect with stores and the main office.
Recommend (briefly describe) a technology architecture for supporting the business activities of the company.
Recommended tech architecture: Distributed client-server model, utilizing Internet for seamless order entry, sales analysis, and communication between store PCs, regional managers' laptops, and main computer.
A distributed client-server model with Internet connectivity offers a scalable and efficient solution. The store PCs would serve as clients, utilizing web-based interfaces or custom software to facilitate order entry and sales analysis. These PCs would connect to the company's main computer through the Internet, enabling real-time data synchronization and centralized data management.
The regional managers' laptops would also connect to the main office and stores, allowing them to access and update information while on the road. This ensures seamless communication and collaboration between regional managers, local managers, and the main office.
This technology architecture enables efficient order processing, accurate sales analysis, and streamlined communication throughout the organization. It leverages the power of the Internet and client-server computing to provide a robust and scalable solution that supports the business activities of the national chain of auto part stores.
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Intertemporal budget constraint. Budget line 1: Y₁ = $900. Y₂ = $600. The interest rate is 12 percent, both for borrowing and saving. Utility = C₁⁵C₂⁷ Draw the budget line, with solved numbers. Solve the optimal consumption levels to choose in time 1 and time 2.
The maximum utility that can be derived from these consumption levels is U = C1^5C2^7 = $411.42^5 x $517.14^7 = $20,961,636.18. Intertemporal budget constraint refers to the consumer's budget constraint over time. The budget line shows the quantity of goods that can be purchased with the amount of income available.
It describes the maximum amount of consumption in the present and future, given the current income and interest rate. Hence, the formula for the budget line is: C1 + C2/ (1+r) = Y1/ (1+r) + Y2. Where C1 and C2 are the present and future consumption, r is the interest rate, and Y1 and Y2 are present and future incomes. The consumer's intertemporal budget constraint is based on the consumption and investment possibilities available in different periods. Utility is the satisfaction or happiness derived by the consumer from consuming goods.
Mathematically, the utility function can be defined as U = C1^5C2^7, where C1 and C2 are the consumption levels in period 1 and 2, respectively. To maximize utility, the consumer must allocate income between present and future consumption. In this problem, the budget line is: C1 + C2/ (1+12%) = $900/ (1+12%) + $600. Simplifying, C1 + C2/ 1.12 = $803.57. The optimal consumption levels can be found by maximizing the utility function subject to the budget constraint. The Lagrangian function is: L = C1^5C2^7 - λ(C1 + C2/ 1.12 - $803.57). Taking the partial derivatives with respect to C1, C2, and λ, we get: ∂L/∂C1 = 5C1^4C2^7 - λ = 0 ∂L/∂C2 = 7C1^5C2^6 - λ/1.12 = 0 ∂L/∂λ = C1 + C2/ 1.12 - $803.57 = 0 Solving the above equations, we get: C1 = $411.42 and C2 = $517.14. Therefore, the optimal consumption levels to choose in time 1 and time 2 are $411.42 and $517.14, respectively. The maximum utility that can be derived from these consumption levels is U = C1^5C2^7 = $411.42^5 x $517.14^7 = $20,961,636.18.
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Assess the strategy of integration vs outsourcing for Pepsi in securing raw material for its chip plants in China.
Pepsi's strategy of integration or outsourcing for securing raw material for its chip plants in China would depend on various factors and considerations. Therefore, a direct answer cannot be provided without more specific information about the company's resources, capabilities, market conditions, and strategic goals.
Integration and outsourcing are two contrasting strategies that Pepsi can consider for securing raw materials for its chip plants in China:
Integration: If Pepsi chooses an integration strategy, it would involve vertically integrating its supply chain by directly owning and controlling the production and sourcing of raw materials. This could mean establishing its own farms or partnering with agricultural suppliers to ensure a steady supply of high-quality raw materials for its chip plants. Integration can provide Pepsi with more control over the supply chain, quality assurance, and potentially lower costs in the long run. However, it requires significant investment, expertise, and management resources.
Outsourcing: Alternatively, Pepsi could opt for an outsourcing strategy, where it relies on external suppliers to provide the necessary raw materials. This approach allows Pepsi to focus on its core competencies and reduces the need for capital investment in agricultural operations. Outsourcing can provide flexibility, access to specialized suppliers, and potentially lower immediate costs. However, it may also introduce risks related to supply chain disruptions, quality control, and dependence on external partners.
To make an informed decision between integration and outsourcing, Pepsi would need to assess various factors such as the availability and reliability of raw material suppliers in China, the level of control desired over the supply chain, the company's financial resources, the level of expertise in agricultural operations, and the overall strategic objectives of the organization.
The choice between integration and outsourcing for Pepsi in securing raw material for its chip plants in China depends on a thorough assessment of multiple factors. Each strategy has its own advantages and challenges. Integration provides control and potential cost savings but requires substantial investment and resources. Outsourcing offers flexibility and potential access to specialized suppliers but introduces risks and reliance on external partners. Pepsi needs to evaluate its specific circumstances, resources, and strategic goals to determine the most suitable approach for securing raw materials in China.
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Greg Morrison recently graduated from construction engineering school. He is considering opening his own construction business providing module housing. Providing module homes is a high-fixed cost business, as it requires considerable expenditures for facilities, labor, and equipment, no matter how many families are served. Assume the annual fixed cost of operations is $800,000. Further assume that the only significant variable cost relates to the module homes, themselves. An average module home costs $12,000. Greg's banker has asked a variety of questions in contemplation of providing a loan for this business:
(a) If the average family is charged $18,000 for installation of a module home, how many families must be served to clear the break-even point?
(b) If the banker believes Greg will only serve 100 families during the first year in business, how much will the business lose during its first year of operation?
(c) If Greg believes his profits will be at least $100,000 during the first year, how much is he anticipating for total revenue?
(d) The banker has suggested that Greg can reduce his fixed costs by $150,000 if he will not buy any vehicles. Greg can instead rent vehicles as needed. The variable cost of renting is $700 per family served. Will this suggestion help Greg reach the break-even point sooner?
We must compute the number of families that must be serviced in order to cover the fixed costs in order to estimate the break-even threshold. Fixed costs / Contribution margin per family = Break-even point (in terms of the number of families).
The difference between the selling price and the variable cost per family is the contribution margin per family. Cost of a typical module home is $12,000 Selling price is $18,000 for each family. Variable cost per family equals $18,000 minus $12,000, or $6,000 in contribution margin per family. Break-even point is equal to 800,000/6,000, or 133.33 families. Greg would need to serve at least 134 families to break even because you cannot have a quarter of a family. If the banker thinks Greg will only serve 100 customers.
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which partition management utility can be used to define and change various different guid
The partition management utility that can be used to define and change various different GUID is GPT .
GUID stands for Globally Unique Identifier. It is a standard system for giving unique identifiers to entities or objects in computer systems. GUID is used in various applications and sy.stems that need to create unique identifiers.GUID is commonly used with GPT (GUID Partition Table).
The GPT is a partitioning scheme that is used to define the partition table on a disk drive.
It is a part of the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) standard for booting the computer.GUID partition management utility can be used to define and change various different GUID. It is a disk partition management tool that is used to manage and configure the partition scheme of the disk drive.
It is used for the purpose of partitioning the disk drive and is a key component of modern operating systems. It is a reliable and robust tool for managing partitions, formatting disks, and creating partitions up to 2 TB.The GUID Partition Table is a successor to the Master Boot Record (MBR) partitioning scheme.
It is used in modern computers that have a UEFI firmware. The GUID Partition Table is more reliable, flexible, and efficient than the MBR scheme. It supports larger disk drives, up to 9.4 zettabytes, and allows for more partitions. It also includes a backup partition table, which makes it more resilient to disk failures.
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What are marketing objectives and positioning strategy DayTwo(a gut microbiome precision medicine company) should employ for its preferred target market (briefly explain its target market)?
DayTwo should employ a marketing objective of increasing brand awareness and a positioning strategy of emphasizing the personalized and data-driven approach of their gut microbiome precision medicine for its preferred target market of people with Type 2 Diabetes.
Marketing objectives are the goals a company aims to achieve through its marketing efforts. In the case of DayTwo, the company should focus on increasing brand awareness among its target market of people with Type 2 Diabetes. This can be achieved through various marketing channels such as social media, online advertising, and email marketing.
A positioning strategy is the way a company presents its product or service to the target market to differentiate it from competitors. DayTwo should emphasize the personalized and data-driven approach of its gut microbiome precision medicine to position itself as a unique solution for people with Type 2 Diabetes. This can be done through targeted messaging that highlights the accuracy and effectiveness of the product based on the individual's gut microbiome data.
DayTwo's preferred target market is people with Type 2 Diabetes. The company's product offering of personalized gut microbiome precision medicine is a unique and effective solution for this group of individuals. By focusing on this specific market and leveraging data-driven messaging, DayTwo can effectively position itself as a trusted and innovative solution for people with Type 2 Diabetes.
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True or False/Explain: The Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF) Model and the Consumer Budget Constraint (CBC) Model explain the choices of firms and households.
False. The Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF) Model and the Consumer Budget Constraint (CBC) Model explain the choices of firms and households in different contexts.
The PPF model illustrates the production choices and trade-offs faced by a firm or an economy in allocating its limited resources to produce different combinations of goods and services. It shows the maximum output that can be achieved given the available resources and technology. The PPF model helps firms and economies understand the opportunity costs of producing one good over another and guides their decisions regarding resource allocation and production efficiency.
On the other hand, the Consumer Budget Constraint (CBC) model pertains to households and their consumption choices. It represents the different combinations of goods and services that a household can afford to consume based on its income and the prices of goods in the market. The CBC model helps households determine their optimal consumption bundles by considering their budget constraints and individual preferences.
Therefore, while both models involve decision-making and resource allocation, the PPF model is specifically designed for firms and economies in production decisions, while the CBC model is focused on households and their consumption choices.
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Micah is aware that COVID-19 is spreading in his community and has an auto-immune condition that makes it very risky for him to be exposed. He has arranged to work from home, order groceries to be delivered, and only leaves the house to get fresh air and exercise when no one else is around him. What kind of risk management is Micah practicing with this decision?
A. Risk avoidance
B. Risk manipulation
C. Risk assumption
D. Transfer of risk
Micah is practicing risk avoidance in this situation. Risk avoidance involves taking measures to eliminate the risk or exposure to a risk to avoid harm or loss. The answer is A.
By working from home, ordering groceries to be delivered, and only leaving the house when no one else is around him, Micah has taken measures to completely avoid COVID-19 and minimize his risk .
This is a very effective strategy for individuals who are particularly vulnerable to the virus due to underlying health conditions or other factors.Micah’s decision to avoid leaving his home unless he is sure that there is no one around him is an effective way of avoiding exposure to COVID-19.
The answer is A.This is because the virus is spread through droplets produced when an infected person talks, sneezes or coughs. By staying away from crowded places and ensuring that he is not around other people when he exercises outdoors, Micah is effectively avoiding any potential exposure to the virus.
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A Canadian company has entered into a contract to deliver, in 6 months time, some custom
machinery to a customer in France. You collect the following information: Value of the receivable in Euros € 1,320,000.00 Current spot rate € 0.7356 euro = $1 CAD 6-month Forward contract rate € 0.7639 euro = $1 CAD Short term investing rates in Canada 2.80% Short term borrowing rates in France 4.40% Required: 1) If the company hedges the risk by arranging a forward contract with its bank, how much will it receive at the time the receivable is collected? 2) If the company hedges its risk by entering a money market hedge, how much money will they receive when the receivable is collected?
1) If the company hedges the risk by arranging a forward contract with its bank, it will receive **€ 1,008,644.00** at the time the receivable is collected.
To calculate the amount received, we multiply the value of the receivable in Euros (€ 1,320,000.00) by the forward contract rate (€ 0.7639 = $1 CAD).
Amount received = Value of the receivable in Euros x Forward contract rate
Amount received = € 1,320,000.00 x € 0.7639 = € 1,008,643.48 (rounded to € 1,008,644.00)
Therefore, if the company hedges the risk by arranging a forward contract, it will receive € 1,008,644.00 at the time the receivable is collected.
2) If the company hedges its risk by entering a money market hedge, it will receive **€ 1,034,615.38** when the receivable is collected.
To calculate the amount received, we first convert the value of the receivable in Euros (€ 1,320,000.00) to Canadian dollars using the spot rate (€ 0.7356 = $1 CAD). This gives us the Canadian dollar amount of $967,632.49.
Next, we calculate the future value of $967,632.49 after 6 months at the Canadian short-term investing rate of 2.80%. The formula for future value is: Future Value = Present Value × (1 + Rate)^Time
Future Value = $967,632.49 × (1 + 0.0280)^0.5
Future Value = $967,632.49 × 1.014
Future Value = $980,330.47
Finally, we convert the Canadian dollar amount back to Euros using the spot rate (€ 0.7356 = $1 CAD). This gives us the Euro amount of € 1,334,615.38.
Therefore, if the company hedges its risk by entering a money market hedge, it will receive € 1,034,615.38 when the receivable is collected.
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Technical training has become increasingly important because of changes in organizational design.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
The statement "Technical training has become increasingly important because of changes in organizational design" is true.
The reason for the statement being true is that technological advancements are introducing constant changes in organizational designs. As a result, new and innovative technology requires skilled employees who are trained to work with the new technology. Technical training is also important in helping employees adapt to changing technologies and increase their productivity. Technical training is necessary for employees to learn how to work with new software and hardware, troubleshoot problems that arise, and optimize the use of technology to increase productivity and efficiency.
Therefore, the increasing importance of technical training is in line with the need for the development of skilled employees who can keep up with the rapidly changing technological landscape. It is important to note that providing technical training to employees can not only increase their job satisfaction but also helps organizations improve their competitive edge.
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Question Five ( 7 Marks ) The following information is budgeted for McCracken Plumbing Supply Company for next quarter : April May June
Sales.....$ 110,000 $ 130,000 $ 180,000
Merchandise purchases.....$ 85,000 $ 92,000 $ 105,000
Selling and administrative expenses ..... $ 50,000b $ 50,000 $ 50,000
All sales at McCracken are on credit . Forty percent are collected in the month of sale , 58 % in the month following the sale , and the remaining 2 % are uncollectible . Merchandise purchases are paid in full the month following the month of purchase . The selling and administrative expenses above include $ 8,000 of depreciation on display fixtures and warehouse equipment . All other selling and administrative expenses are paid as incurred . McCracken wants to maintain a cash balance of $ 15,000 . Any amount below this can be borrowed from a local bank as needed in increments of $ 1,000 . All borrowings are made at month end . Required : Prepare McCracken's cash budget for the month of May . Use good form . McCracken expects to have $ 24,000 of cash on hand at the beginning of May
McCracken Plumbing Supply Company's cash budget for the month of May shows an ending cash balance of $8,400, indicating a need to borrow $6,600 to maintain the desired cash balance.
To prepare McCracken Plumbing Supply Company's cash budget for the month of May, we need to consider the cash inflows and outflows based on the given information. Here's the calculation:
Beginning cash balance (May): $24,000
Cash inflows:
Sales collected in May (40% of April sales): $110,000 * 40% = $44,000
Sales collected in May (58% of May sales): $130,000 * 58% = $75,400
Total cash inflows: $44,000 + $75,400 = $119,400
Cash outflows:
Merchandise purchases paid in May (April purchases): $85,000
Selling and administrative expenses (including depreciation): $50,000
Total cash outflows: $85,000 + $50,000 = $135,000
Net cash flow: Cash inflows - Cash outflows
Net cash flow: $119,400 - $135,000 = -$15,600
Ending cash balance (May): Beginning cash balance + Net cash flow
Ending cash balance: $24,000 - $15,600 = $8,400
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Is free agency without a salary cap good or bad for competitive balance?
Free agency without a salary cap can have both positive and negative effects on competitive balance in sports.
Free agency refers to the ability of players to negotiate and sign contracts with any team in a league, without restrictions. Without a salary cap, teams are free to spend as much as they want on player salaries.
On one hand, this can lead to increased competitive balance as teams with more financial resources can attract top talent and create a more competitive environment. It allows smaller-market teams to compete with larger-market teams by using their financial resources to acquire talented players. This can promote parity and create a more level playing field.
On the other hand, free agency without a salary cap can lead to increased disparity between wealthy and less wealthy teams. Wealthier teams may have the ability to outbid smaller-market teams for top players, leading to concentration of talent in a few teams and reducing competitive balance. This can create an uneven playing field and potentially harm the overall competitiveness of the league.
In conclusion, the impact of free agency without a salary cap on competitive balance is complex and can have both positive and negative effects. It depends on how teams manage their resources and the overall structure of the league. Implementing mechanisms to promote fairness and competition, such as revenue sharing or luxury taxes, may be necessary to maintain competitive balance in such a system.
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You purchased 23.00 shares of Bank of America one year ago for
$8.47 per share. Today, one share trades for $9.05 and paid a
dividend of $1.24 per share. What is the capital gain rate from
holding the
The capital gain rate from holding the shares of Bank of America for one year is approximately 6.85%.
To calculate the capital gain rate from holding the shares of Bank of America, we need to consider the change in share price and the dividend received.
Here are the given details:
- Number of shares purchased: 23.00
- Purchase price per share: $8.47
- Current share price: $9.05
- Dividend per share: $1.24
First, let's calculate the total cost of the shares purchased:
Total cost = Number of shares * Purchase price per share
Total cost = 23.00 * $8.47 = $194.81
Next, let's calculate the current value of the shares:
Current value = Number of shares * Current share price
Current value = 23.00 * $9.05 = $208.15
Now, let's calculate the capital gain:
Capital gain = Current value - Total cost
Capital gain = $208.15 - $194.81 = $13.34
To calculate the capital gain rate, we can use the formula:
Capital gain rate = (Capital gain / Total cost) * 100
Capital gain rate = ($13.34 / $194.81) * 100 ≈ 6.85%
Therefore, the capital gain rate from holding the shares of Bank of America for one year is approximately 6.85%.
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On January 1.2020 SBAInc. purehased a machine for $120000. The machine's estimated baje mould be 5 years and its residual value mould be $20000. Question: Use the straight-linemethod TABLE - DPB TABLE - UOP TaBLE On January 1,2020, SBA Inc. purchased a machine for $120,000. The machine's estimated life would be five years, and its residual value would be $20,000. This machine has a production capacity of 1,000 units allocated as follows: 2020: 300 units | 2021: 150 units | 2022: 200 units | 2023: 250 units | 2024: 100
To calculate the depreciation expense using different methods (straight-line method, declining balance method, and units of production method), we need to consider the machine's initial cost, estimated life, and residual value, as well as the production capacity for each year.
Given information:
Machine cost: $120,000
Estimated life: 5 years
Residual value: $20,000
Production capacity: 1,000 units allocated over 5 years
Straight-line method:
Depreciation expense per year = (Cost - Residual value) / Estimated life
Depreciation expense per year = ($120,000 - $20,000) / 5 = $100,000 / 5 = $20,000 per year
Depreciation expense for each year:
2020: $20,000
2021: $20,000
2022: $20,000
2023: $20,000
2024: $20,000
Declining balance method:
Depreciation rate = 100% / Estimated life
Depreciation expense for each year = Depreciation rate * Book value at the beginning of the year
Using a 20% depreciation rate:
2020: $120,000 * 20% = $24,000
2021: ($120,000 - $24,000) * 20% = $19,200
2022: ($96,000 - $19,200) * 20% = $15,360
2023: ($76,800 - $15,360) * 20% = $12,288
2024: ($61,440 - $12,288) * 20% = $9,830.40
Units of production method:
Depreciation rate per unit = (Cost - Residual value) / Total production capacity
Depreciation expense for each year = Depreciation rate per unit * Units produced for the year
Depreciation rate per unit = ($120,000 - $20,000) / 1,000 = $100 / unit
2020: $100/unit * 300 units = $30,000
2021: $100/unit * 150 units = $15,000
2022: $100/unit * 200 units = $20,000
2023: $100/unit * 250 units = $25,000
2024: $100/unit * 100 units = $10,000
Therefore, the main answers are as follows:
Straight-line method:
2020: $20,000
2021: $20,000
2022: $20,000
2023: $20,000
2024: $20,000
Declining balance method:
2020: $24,000
2021: $19,200
2022: $15,360
2023: $12,288
2024: $9,830.40
Units of production method:
2020: $30,000
2021: $15,000
2022: $20,000
2023: $25,000
2024: $10,000
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Fields Enterprises has 70,000 ordinary shares outstanding. It declares a €1.5 per share cash dividend on November 1 to shareholders of record on December 1. The dividend is paid on December 31. 1. What are the accounts that will be used on the declaration date? 2. What are the accounts that will be used on the record date? 3. What are the accounts that will be used on the payment date? 4. Prepare the entries on the appropriate dates to record the declaration and payment of the cash dividend.
1. Declaration date accounts: Retained Earnings (decrease) and Dividends Payable (increase). 2. Record date does not involve specific accounts. 3. Payment date accounts: Dividends Payable (decrease) and Cash (decrease). 4. Journal entries: Declared dividend - Retained Earnings (decrease), Dividends Payable (increase); Paid dividend - Dividends Payable (decrease), Cash (decrease).
1. On the declaration date (November 1), the accounts that will be used are:
- Retained Earnings: Decrease by the total amount of the declared dividend (70,000 shares x €1.5 per share).
- Dividends Payable: Increase by the total amount of the declared dividend.
2. On the record date (December 1), no new accounts are typically used. The record date is simply a reference point to determine which shareholders are eligible to receive the dividend.
3. On the payment date (December 31), the accounts that will be used are:
- Dividends Payable: Decrease by the total amount of the dividend.
- Cash: Decrease by the total amount of the dividend.
4. The journal entries to record the declaration and payment of the cash dividend are as follows:
On November 1 (declaration date):
Retained Earnings xx
Dividends Payable xx
(To record the declaration of cash dividend)
On December 31 (payment date):
Dividends Payable xx
Cash xx
(To record the payment of cash dividend)
The first entry on the declaration date reduces the retained earnings account to reflect the declaration of the dividend. The second entry on the payment date reduces the dividends payable account as the dividend is paid out to the shareholders, and the corresponding amount is debited to the cash account.
Please note that the specific amounts in the journal entries cannot be provided without the actual number of shares outstanding and the dividend per share amount.
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Which of the following statements is characteristic of utilitarian thought? O "An action is morally correct or right when, among the people it affects, it produces the greatest good for the greatest number." O "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction O "Life in a state of nature is nasty, brutish, and short." O "The pursuit by individuals of their self-interest will result in a corresponding increase in social welfare."
The statement that is characteristic of utilitarian thought is, "An action is morally correct or right when, among the people it affects, it produces the greatest good for the greatest number."
Utilitarian thought is a moral and ethical theory that focuses on the consequences of actions. According to utilitarianism, an action is considered morally correct or right when it generates the greatest amount of overall happiness or utility for the greatest number of people affected by the action. This principle is often summarized as "the greatest good for the greatest number."
Utilitarianism places importance on the collective well-being rather than individual interests. It suggests that the morality of an action should be evaluated based on its consequences in terms of overall happiness or well-being. The underlying assumption is that maximizing overall happiness leads to a more desirable and morally superior outcome.
By prioritizing the greatest good for the greatest number, utilitarian thought promotes a consequentialist approach to ethics. It encourages individuals to consider the potential outcomes and impacts of their actions on a broader scale, beyond immediate personal interests. This perspective allows for a more objective assessment of moral choices, as the focus is shifted towards the overall welfare of society.
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On January 2, 2021, Salamone Furniture purchased display shelving for $9,000 cash, expecting the shelving to remain in service for five years. Salamone depreciated the shelving on a double-declining-balance basis, with $1,800 estimated residual value. On August 31, 2022, the company sold the shelving for $2,200 cash. Read the requirement. Start by recording depreciation expense on the shelving for 2022.
Required:
Record both the depreciation expense on the shelving for 2022 and its sale in August.
Salamone Furniture has bought the display shelving for $9,000 on January 2, 2021. It has been expected that the shelving will remain in service for five years. It has also been given that Salamone depreciated the shelving on a double-declining-balance basis, with $1,800 estimated residual value.The double-declining-balance depreciation method is used to accelerate the recognition of depreciation expense.
The straight-line rate is doubled, and it is applied to the asset's book value instead of its original cost. Depreciation Expense = (2 / Useful Life) × Book Value of Asset at Beginning of YearFor the first year of service, the rate of depreciation will be twice that of the straight-line rate. Therefore, the rate of depreciation for the display shelving is:Rate of Depreciation = 2 × Straight-line Depreciation Rate= 2 × 1/5= 2/5 = 40%Book Value of the shelving at the beginning of 2022 will be:
Book Value at Beginning of Year = Cost of Asset − Accumulated Depreciation Book Value at Beginning of Year = $9,000 − $3,600 = $5,400
Therefore, the depreciation expense on the shelving for 2022 will be: Depreciation Expense for 2022 = Depreciation Rate × Book Value at Beginning of Year Depreciation Expense for 2022 = 40% × $5,400 = $2,160 Record of depreciation expense for the shelving for 2022:
Debit: Depreciation Expense for 2022 = $2,160
Credit: Accumulated Depreciation for Display Shelving = $2,160
Calculation of gain/loss on sale of shelving:
Salamone Furniture sold the display shelving for $2,200 cash on August 31, 2022.Record of sale of shelving in August:
Debit: Cash = $2,200
Debit: Accumulated Depreciation for Display Shelving = $3,760 (Accumulated Depreciation for 2021 = $3,600 + Depreciation Expense for 2022 = $2,160)
Credit: Display Shelving = $9,000 (Original Cost of Shelving)Gain/Loss on Sale = Cash Received − Book Value of Asset Sold Gain/Loss on Sale = $2,200 − $5,240 = -$3,040
Since the book value is greater than the cash received, the company would face a loss on sale of $3,040.
Therefore, it would record the following entry:Debit: Loss on Sale of Display Shelving = $3,040
Credit: Display Shelving = $9,000
Credit: Accumulated Depreciation for Display Shelving = $3,760
Debit: Cash = $2,200
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The depreciation for 2022 using double declining balance method is $1,440. When the shelving is sold in August for $2,200, it results in a loss of $1,760. Entries reflect debiting cash, accumulated depreciation and loss on disposal and crediting display shelving.
Explanation:To record the depreciation expense for 2022, you need to understand the double-declining balance method. First, calculate the straight-line depreciation rate by dividing the useful life into 1, which gives 1/5 = 20%. Then double the rate to get 40% for the double-declining rate. From the beginning of 2022 to its sale in August, it was in service for 8 months. Therefore, the 2022 depreciation calculation will be (original cost - accumulated depreciation) * depreciation rate * (8/12).
At the beginning of 2021, the original cost of the shelf was $9,000. After one year depreciation of 9,000*0.4 = $3,600, the book value at the beginning of 2022 is $9,000-$3,600=$5,400. Now, calculate the 2022 depreciation: $5,400 * 0.4 * (8/12) = $1,440. So the book value at the time of sale is $5,400 - $1,440 = $3,960.
The sale in August was for $2,200 which is less than the book value, so it entails a loss. Journal entries for the transaction would be: Debit cash for $2,200, debit Accumulated Depreciation for total depreciation ($3,600+$1,440) debit Loss on sale of the shelving for $1,760 (book value-sale price), and credit Display Shelving for $9,000.
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Discuss the current economic situation (recession?) by comparing and contrasting mainstream economics and heterodox economics. Do not just simply list the differences between two approaches, make sure you use your knowledge to discuss the current economic situation. In other words, what would two approaches tell about the causes and consequences of the recession and what would they suggest as policy recommendations?
Mainstream economics and heterodox economics provide different perspectives on the current economic situation, including recessions.
Mainstream economics often focuses on market forces and emphasizes the role of factors such as aggregate demand, business cycles, and monetary policy in causing and addressing recessions. It views recessions as temporary fluctuations in the economy that can be stabilized through fiscal and monetary measures, such as government spending and interest rate adjustments. Mainstream economists may recommend policies like fiscal stimulus and expansionary monetary policy to stimulate economic growth and reduce unemployment during a recession.
Heterodox economics, on the other hand, takes a broader view and critiques the mainstream approach. Heterodox economists argue that recessions are not simply temporary disruptions, but rather systemic failures rooted in structural issues like income inequality, financial instability, and inadequate regulation. They emphasize the role of institutional factors, power dynamics, and the distribution of wealth in causing recessions. Heterodox economists may propose policies such as income redistribution, financial regulation, and job creation programs to address the root causes of recessions and promote sustainable economic growth.
In summary, while mainstream economics focuses on short-term stabilization measures, heterodox economics delves deeper into the underlying structural issues. Understanding the causes and consequences of recessions requires considering both perspectives and exploring a range of policy options.
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