Weatherwise magazine is published in association with the American Meteorological Society. Volume 46, Number 6 has a rating system to classify Nor'easter storms that frequently hit New England states and can cause much damage near the ocean coast. A severe storm has an average peak wave height of 16.4 feet for waves hitting the shore. Suppose that a Nor'easter is in progress at the severe storm class rating.
(A) Let us say that we want to set up a statistical test to see if the wave action (i.e., height) is dying down or getting worse. What would be the null hypothesis regarding average wave height?
a) μ < 16.4.
b) μ > 16.4.
c) μ = 16.4.
d) μ ≠ 16.4.
(B) If you wanted to test the hypothesis that the storm is getting worse, what would you use for the alternate hypothesis?
a) μ < 16.4.
b) μ = 16.4.
c) μ ≠ 16.4.
d) μ > 16.4.
(C) If you wanted to test the hypothesis that the waves are dying down, what would you use for the alternate hypothesis?
a) μ < 16.4.
b) μ ≠ 16.4.
c) μ > 16.4.
d) μ = 16.4.
(D) Suppose you do not know if the storm is getting worse or dying out. You just want to test the hypothesis that the average wave height is different (either higher or lower) from the severe storm class rating. What would you use for the alternate hypothesis?
a) μ > 16.4.
b) μ = 16.4.
c) μ ≠ 16.4.
d) μ < 16.4.
(E) For each of the tests in parts (b), (c), and (d), would the area corresponding to the P-value be on the left, on the right, or on both sides of the mean?
a) left; right; both.
b) left; both; right.
c) both; left; right.
d) right; left; both.

Answer:

a)  c) μ = 16.4.

b)  d) μ > 16.4.

c) a) μ < 16.4.

d) c) μ ≠ 16.4.

e)  d) right; left; both.

Step-by-step explanation:

Question a:

Test if it is getting worse, so at the alternative hypothesis we test if the mean is of greater than 16.4 inches, but at the null hypothesis we test if it is still of 16.4 options, so option C.

Question b:

At the alternative hypothesis we test if the mean is of greater than 16.4 inches, as said above, so the answer is given by option d.

Question c:

Dying down, so if the mean is lower than 16.4 inches, so option a.

Question d:

Don't know, so just test if it is different, which includes both lower or greater, so the correct answer is given by option c.

Question e:

Test if more -> right, so on question b) is a right tailed test.

Test if less -> left, so on question c) is a left tailed test.

Different -> both sides, so on question d) it is a two-tailed test.

Thus the correct answer is given by option d.

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