"What if speciation occurred in humans?" Your essay should give a clear and precise example of speciation.
A student is asked to write an essay over the hypothetic prompt above. While brainstorming, the student came up with
four different ideas for their essay. Which idea is BEST aligned with the writing prompt and instructions?
Answers
The term speciation refers to the process by which two or more different species are produced from a single original population by different speciation mechanisms. Speciation occurs in three main steps: separation of the original population, divergence (trophic divergence, reproductive divergence, genetic divergence, etcetera), and isolation.
The most related option to speciation is B. Two populations of humans living on separate sides of the ocean. After a catastrophic event, travel across the ocean is not possible. After millions of years of separation, the two groups are no longer able to produce viable offspring together, but can still produce within their isolated groups.
Speciation occurs when the original population is divided into two groups. They inhabit different places and are exposed to varying environmental conditions. With time, each group experience many genetic changes. These mutations depend on each group´s environment and its ecological pressures, and they accumulate in time. Pressures act on individuals and make them adapt to the new environmental conditions. Generation after generation, the genotype of individuals will increase the fitness to survive and reproduce. Fixation of mutations will increase the difference between the two groups, up to the diverging point into two new species. Even is they get together again, these species will not be able to mate and produce offspring, and if they do, the new generations will not be viable or fertile.
The exposed case of two human population living on different sides of the ocean, is an example of allopatric speciation.
Allopatric speciation refers to the geographic separation of a continuous genetic background, originating two or more new geographically isolated groups. During these events of speciation, emerging new barriers impede genetic flow between groups, as the two new populations that are separated can not get together and mate anymore. These barriers might be geographical or ecological.
Different stages are involved in the allopatric speciation process:
• The emergence of the barrier.
• Interruption in the genetic flow
• Slow and gradual differentiation due to the occurrence of mutations in each population and their accumulation in time.
• Genetic divergence by natural selection and reproductive isolation, impeding the two groups to mate even if the barrier disappears.
• Prezigotic isolation mechanisms favored by selection a secondary contact between the new species occurs.
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Answer:b
Explanation:
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Related Questions
Iron-55 has a half-life of 3 years. How much of a 40 gram sample will remain after 12 years? A. 0 grams B. 4 grams C. 2.5 grams D. 20 grams
Answers
Answer:
[tex]\boxed {\boxed {\sf C. \ 2.5 \ grams }}[/tex]
Explanation:
We are asked to find how much of a 40 gram sample remains after 12 years.
Iron-55 has a half-life of 3 years. Therefore, after 12 years, 4 half-lives have been completed.
12 years/3 years = 4 half-livesEvery time a half-life is completed, half of the sample's mass decays. Remember we start with a 40 gram sample.
1 half- life: 40 g / 2 = 20 g 2 half-lives: 20 g / 2= 10 g 3 half-lives: 10 g / 2 = 5 g4 half-lives: 5 g / 2 = 2.5 gThere is also a formula that can be used to solve this problem.
[tex]A= A_o(\frac {1}{2})^{\frac{t}{hl}[/tex]
Where A₀ is the initial amount, t is the time, and hl is the half-life.
We know 40 grams is the inital amount, 12 years is the time, and 3 years is the halflife.
A₀= 40 g t= 12 hl= 3[tex]A= 40 \ g (\frac{1}{2})^\frac{12}{3}[/tex]
[tex]A= 40 \ g (\frac{1}{2})^4[/tex]
[tex]A= 40 \ g * 0.0625[/tex]
[tex]\bold {A= 2.5 \ g}[/tex]
After 12 years, 2.5 grams of Iron-55 will remain.
What mechanical layer lies above the core?
Answer here
Answers
Answer:
The mechanical layer that lies above the core is the mantle. It is a layer that is found after the core and is the second layer of the Earth. It is about 84% of the Earth's volume. It has a thickness of 2900 kilometers.
Waiting for your Prompt response.
Briefly describe about the formation and management of HCL through the respiratory and renal systems in digestive system.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
HCl is produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. To begin with, water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) combine within the parietal cell cytoplasm to produce carbonic acid (H2CO3), which is catalysed by carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic acid then spontaneously dissociates into a hydrogen ion (H+) and a bicarbonate ion (HCO3–).
The hydrogen ion that is formed is transported into the stomach lumen via the H+– K+ ATPase ion pump. This pump uses ATP as an energy source to exchange potassium ions into the parietal cells of the stomach with H+ ions.
The bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer works in a fashion similar to phosphate buffers. The bicarbonate is regulated in the blood by sodium, as are the phosphate ions. When sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), comes into contact with a strong acid, such as HCl, carbonic acid (H2CO3), which is a weak acid, and NaCl are formed. When carbonic acid comes into contact with a strong base, such as NaOH, bicarbonate and water are formed.
The bicarbonate ion is transported out of the cell into the blood via a transporter protein called anion exchanger which transports the bicarbonate ion out the cell in exchange for a chloride ion (Cl–). This chloride ion is then transported into the stomach lumen via a chloride channel.The respiratory system contributes to the balance of acids and bases in the body by regulating the blood levels of carbonic acid
Chloride ions are important in neutralizing positive ion charges in the body. If chloride is lost, the body uses bicarbonate ions in place of the lost chloride ions. Thus, lost chloride results in an increased reabsorption of bicarbonate by the renal system.
What form of genetic drift occurs from
adaptive radiation?
A. Founder Effect
B. Disruptive Selection
C. Coevolution
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - B. disruptive selection.
Explanation:
Adaptive radiation is a type of genetic drift that relatively fast evolution of many species from a single common ancestor which means there is a big drift in a very small time.
Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection that shows phenotypes (individuals with groups of traits) of both extremes but has very few individuals in the middle. An example of this type is the evolution of mammals after the extinction of dinnosaurs.
1 Reproduction is an important characteristic of living organisms.Explain
Answers
Answer:
Reproduction is one of the most important characteristics of living beings, because -
- The existence of any species is dependent on the reproduction because no living being is immortal.
After death of a being of one generation,the existence of that died being is completed by the newborns of the next generation.
And,the birth of newborns of next generation is only possible by the reproduction.
- The variation and mutation in the biological characteristics is often necessary which is only possible by reproduction through many generations.
- When a living being becomes old, it's become unable to do normal tasks like collection of food, finding shelter etc,at that moment,the newborns of next generation do the necessary jobs.
And as mentioned before,these newborns are only possible due to reproduction.
Neurons are best described as:
Answers
Answer:
neutral?
Explanation:
How many carbons are found in a glucose molecule?
Answers
Answer:
there are six carbon atoms
Answer:
there are six carbon atoms
When can exponential growth happen?
O A. When there are limited resources
O B. When the death rate is high
Han
O C. When carrying capacity is reached
O D. When there is no competition
Answers
Answer:
D. When there is no competition
Explanation:
If there is no competition in a population, exponential growth can occur.
Without competition, resources are not limited and a population can grow rapidly.
With limited resources, a high death rate, and a reached carrying capacity, population growth is strongly limited and cannot grow at an exponential rate.
So, answer choices A, B, and C are all incorrect.
The correct answer is D. When there is no competition
the energy to turn raw materials into food is powered by _____ and occurs in the plants ____
Answers
Answer:
Photosynthesis, chloroplast
Explanation:
What type of cells are simple animal and plant cells?
Answers
Answer:
both animals and plants are eukaryotic cells
Answer:
Animal cells have centrosomes (or a pair of centrioles), and lysosomes, whereas plant cells do not. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, plasmodesmata, and plastids used for storage, and a large central vacuole, whereas animal cells do not.
Explantion
Animal cells
Animals are made up of millions of cells. Animal cells have an irregular structure and are made up of four key parts:
Nucleus – This contains genetic material (DNA), and controls the cell's activity.
Cell membrane – A flexible layer that surrounds the cell and controls the substances that enter and exit.
Cytoplasm – A jelly-like substance where the chemical reactions happen.
Mitochondria – This is where energy is released from the food molecules
Plant cells
Plants are also made up of millions of cells. Plant cells have a nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm and mitochondria too, but they also contain the following structures:
Cell wall – A hard layer outside the cell membrane, containing cellulose to provide strength to the plant.
Vacuole – A space inside the cell that is used to store substances and help the cell keep its shape.
Chloroplasts – Structures that contain the green pigment chlorophyll, which are a key part of photosynthesis.
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Which of the following is an example of an adaptation?
A. Ducks swim near the shore by a picnic area, where food is always available.
B. A dog walks without pulling on its leash.
C. Wolves work together to catch prey.
D. Birds living near a highway learn not to fly away every time a car passes.
(Zoom the picture for better quality)
Answers
Answer:
wolves work together to catch prey
What is a disadvantage of using a space-filling model to show a chemical compound?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The appropriate answer is 'space filling models do not identify the number and type of bonds'. A space filling model is one type of three dimensional (3D) molecular model used to represent molecules of different chemical compounds. The structure of this type of arrangement shows that, for example, two elements are bonded but it does not show if it is a single, double or triple bond.
Describe how living things are involved in the constant cycling of carbon.
Answers
Answer:
plants uses carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. plants use carbon to make carbohydrates and cellulose. animals then eat plants and carbon is passed down. Animals then respire and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Answer:
Plants uses carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. Plants use carbon to make carbohydrates and cellulose. Animals then eat plants and carbon is passed down. Animals then respire and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
How do the frequencies of the waves compare?
Wave A has a higher frequency because it has a larger amplitude.
Wave A has a lower frequency because it has a longer wavelength.
The waves have the same frequency because they have the same wavelength.
The waves have the same frequency because they have the same amplitude.
Answers
Answer:
The waves have the same frequency because they have the same amplitude.
Help please asap help me
Answers
Answer: cells, chlorophyll, nucleus, chromosomes, organelles, interphase, endoplasmic
Explain the reciprocal relationship between human society and limiting factors
Answers
Answer:
humans try to modify environment factors to suit their needs. Limiting factors can be controlled in a specific area however, we can't control larger area. Like water or energy.
What are the different parts of a microscope?
Answers
Answer:
Look at both of the file attachments
Base of the microscope supports the microscope and houses the illuminator.
Arm connects to the base and supports the microscope head.
which of the following statement about carbon dixoide is not true?
a.) increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases the green house effect
b.) carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas
c.) atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have slowly declined over the last 50 years
d.) burning fossil fuels can increase carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere
Answers
Answer:
c is not true
Explanation:
c is correct answer because carbon dioxide have been increased not decreased
What are the effects of global warming on the earth over time?
Answers
1. Identify the taxa labeled A, B, C, and
Din the chart.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answers
Answer:
A.Species
B.Genus
C.Phylum
D.Kingdom
Podríamos decir que un ecosistema es un “Lugar”? Justifica tu respuesta.
Answers
Hello
first of all we know that an ecosystem is a biological system made up of a community of living organisms (biocenosis) and the physical environment where they are related (biotope). It is a unit composed of interdependent organisms that share the same habitat. Ecosystems often form a series of chains that show the interdependence of organisms within the system. It can also be defined as follows: "An ecosystem consists of the biological community of a place and the physical and chemical factors that constitute the abiotic environment." Abiotic and biotic factors are considered to be linked by trophic chains, that is, the flow of energy and nutrients in ecosystems.
This concept, which was introduced in 1935 by the English ecologist AG Tansley, takes into account the complex interactions between organisms (e.g. plants, animals, bacteria, protists and fungi) that form the community (biocenosis) and the energy flows and materials that pass through.
In more understandable terms, the ecosystem is not a place as such.
which group contain all polysaccharides ?
Answers
Answer:
Starch.
Glycogen.
dextran.
Inulin.
Cellulose.
Chitin.
Pectin.
Explanation:
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What do you mean by photosynthesis?
bore D D D D
Answers
Answer:
photosynthesis is the process in which plant make food by themselves from using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.
Answer:
Photosynthesis is a process through which plants and other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy, which is then released to power the organism's metabolic processes through cellular respiration.
OAmalOHopeO :)
6. The melting point of iodine is 114°C and the boiling point is 183°C. What state will Iodine be at each of these temperatures:
70°C –
210°C –
185°C –
127°C –
0°C –
Answers
Answer:
When an element is at a temperature that is higher than it's boiling point, it will be in gaseous form as it would have evaporated.
When the element at a temperature that is lower than it's melting point however, it would be in solid form as it would not have melted from it solid state yet.
70°C – Solid
Lower than melting point.
210°C – Gas
Higher than boiling point.
185°C – Gas
Higher than boiling point.
127°C – Liquid
Above it's melting point but below it's boiling point. It is a liquid at this point because it has melted but has not evaporated.
0°C – Solid
Lower than melting point.
9.
Which is an environmental factor that affects skin color in humans?
O number of genes inherited
O amount of sunlight absorbed
O number of linked genes
O amount of food consumed
Answers
Which is an environmental factor that affects skin color in humans?
O number of genes inherited
O amount of sunlight absorbed
O number of linked genes
O amount of food consumed
ANSWER:-AMOUNT OF SUNLIGHT ABSORBED.
Number of gene for color of the skin is same in all the human beings and also it's a genetic factors is there will be any absence of gene due to its deletion AMOUNT OF SUNLIGHT it is variable in variable reasons which is a imp factor for the color in variation in earth. In regions near to the equator have high amount of the light so they have darker skin color then the people near the poles as there is less amount of light .Number of gene inherited is also same for each and every individual for single species for human which is 378 gene loci and if there is any variation in number due to any genetics disorder it would be a genetic factor again.amount of food consumed is different for different people with same color in same region as it only depends on the work which is done by the individual in the society for its existence. though it is a environmental factor bit it didn't effect color of the species.SO ACCORDING TO ABOVE DETAILS WE CAN CONCLUDE (2) AMOUNT OF THE SUNLIGHT IS THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR WHICH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE COLOR OF THE SKIN IN HUMANS
A researcher is testing young children to see if they can learn to associate a red circle with an event that the child enjoys. She sets up an experiment where a toy bear dances. The infants predictably love the toy bear and stare at it when it makes noise and dances. She then trains the child by showing a big red circle on a screen in front of the child and, immediately after that, the bear appears and dances off to the side. The bear is only visible right after the red circle appears and the child must turn his or her head to see the bear.
In this study, the unconditioned stimulus is ____________ baby does not turn head baby turns head dancing bear red circle , the unconditioned response is the __________ dancing bear baby does not turn head red circle baby turns head , the conditioned stimulus is the _________ dancing bear baby turns head baby does not turn head red circle , and the conditioned response is the ______ baby does not turn head red circle dancing bear baby turns head . The neutral stimulus is the _______ baby turns head dancing bear red circle baby does not turn head and the response to the neutral stimulus is the 6 _______
Answers
Answer: unconditioned stimulus = dancing bear
unconditioned response = baby turns head
conditioned stimulus = red circle
conditioned response = baby turns head
neutral stimulus = red circle
response to neutral stimulus = baby does not turn head
Explanation:
The unconditioned stimulus is the stimulus that occurs naturally without any prior learning.
The unconditioned response refers to an unlearned response which happens naturally and which occurs due to the unconditioned stimulus.
The conditioned stimulus is the stimulus that occurs due to prior learning and the conditioned response follows.
Based on the above definition, the answers to the questions will be:
• unconditioned stimulus = dancing bear
• unconditioned response = baby turns head
• conditioned stimulus = red circle
• conditioned response = baby turns head
• neutral stimulus = red circle
• response to neutral stimulus = baby does not turn head
Which of the following characteristics do most amphibians share?
A. Amphibians spend their entire lives on land,
B. Amphibians lay their eggs in water.
C. Amphibians are invertebrates.
D. Adult amphibians use gills to breathe.
Answers
Answer:
`B
Explanation:
Answer:
B. Amphibians lay their eggs in water
During a recent hurricane, 25 individuals of the same butterfly species were blown onto a barrier island in southern Florida. Prior to this event, this species did not inhabit the island, but with the ample vegetation on the island and a lack of predators, the displaced individuals were able to survive and reproduce. When the butterflies initially arrived on the island, they did not have to compete for food or space. What type of population growth did they likely exhibit
Answers
Answer: Exponential
Explanation:
The main requirement for the population of a species to grow is food. When there is food, a organisms that are born will be able to live longer because food will be able to sustain them.
This is what happened with humans during the Neolithic Revolution when we began farming.
The general trend is that the more food that is available, the higher the population growth. When these butterflies arrived and found no competition for food, their population would increase in the highest way possible which is exponentially because there would be plenty of food to go around.
Answer:
Exponential growth
Explanation:
Without any competition for food or space, the butterfly species likely experienced exponential growth.
The lack of competition would have allowed the population to flourish, as they would have excess amounts of resources, food, space, and other limiting factors.
So, they most likely exhibited exponential growth.
What goes on during interphase?
Answers
Explanation:
During interphase, the cell grows (G1), replicates its DNA (S) and prepares for mitosis (G2). ... Interphase is the 'daily living' or metabolic phase of the cell, in which the cell obtains nutrients and metabolizes them, grows, replicates its DNA in preparation for mitosis, and conducts other "normal" cell functions.
During interphase, the cell grows and the nuclear DNA is duplicated. Interphase is followed by the mitotic phase. During the mitotic phase, the duplicated chromosomes are segregated and distributed into daughter nuclei. The cytoplasm is usually divided as well, resulting in two daughter cells
Why does climate change affect so many things?
Answers
Answer:
These have been caused by many natural factors, including changes in the sun, emissions from volcanoes, variations in Earth's orbit and levels of carbon dioxide (CO2). Global climate change has typically occurred very slowly, over thousands or millions of years.
Explanation:
According to me there are several causes of climate change, but all the problems are based upon a major problem which is over population. Either it is deforestation, any kind of pollution, global warming or whatever it is, all these problems are inter-linked and all are due to increasing population.
