The molar concentration of a solution with a volume of 1.5 l containing 660 g ca3(po4)2 is 660gx Imol = 2.1278 mol 310.189 1.5L 1.85 m).
what is meant by molar concentration?
Molar concentration, also known as molarity, quantity concentration, or substance concentration, is a unit used to describe the amount of a substance in a solution expressed as a percentage of its volume. The number of moles per litre, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units, is the most often used unit denoting molarity in chemistry. One mol/L of a solution's concentration is referred to as one molar, or 1 M.
Most frequently, moles of solute per litre of solution are used to express molar concentration or molarity. [1] It is defined as the amount of solute material per unit volume of solution or per unit volume available to the species, denoted by lowercase c.
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Answer: 1.417
Explanation:
To determine the molar concentration of a solution, we need to calculate the number of moles of the solute (Ca3(PO4)2) and then divide by the volume of the solution in liters.
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of Ca3(PO4)2 using its molar mass.
The molar mass of Ca3(PO4)2 can be calculated as follows:
Ca: atomic mass = 40.08 g/mol
P: atomic mass = 30.97 g/mol
O: atomic mass = 16.00 g/mol
Molar mass of Ca3(PO4)2 = (3 * 40.08 g/mol) + (2 * 30.97 g/mol) + (8 * 16.00 g/mol) = 310.18 g/mol
Next, we can calculate the number of moles using the given mass and molar mass:
moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)
moles = 660 g / 310.18 g/mol ≈ 2.126 mol
Finally, we can calculate the molar concentration:
molar concentration (M) = moles / volume (L)
molar concentration = 2.126 mol / 1.5 L ≈ 1.417 M
Therefore, the molar concentration of the solution is approximately 1.417 M.
How do you draw a Lewis diagram for C2H5OCH3 ?
The valence shell electrons in a molecule are depicted in an extremely simplified manner by a Lewis Structure.
What is Lewis structure?It is used to demonstrate how the electrons in a molecule are positioned around particular atoms.
Electrons are shown as "dots" or, in the case of a bond, as a line connecting the two atoms. The octet rule and formal charges must be met in order to achieve the "best" electron configuration.
A Lewis structure is a visual representation of the electron distribution around atoms. The reason for learning to draw Lewis structures is to forecast the amount and type of bonds that may be formed around an atom.
Therefore, The valence shell electrons in a molecule are depicted in an extremely simplified manner by a Lewis Structure.
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The primary ingredient of most shampoos is:
Answer: Water
Explanation: Water is the main ingredient in most shampoos. The second ingredient that most shampoos have in common is the primary surfactant (or base detergent). Surfactants are cleansing or surface active agents.
which of the following statements about the nucleus of a typical atom is false? group of answer choices the nucleus contains both protons and neutrons the nucleus repels the electrons which move around it the nucleus contains most of the mass of the atom the nucleus has an overall positive charge
False, Protons and neutrons are both present in the nucleus.
What is the nuclear force?
One of the four fundamental forces of nature, along with gravitational and electromagnetic forces, is the nuclear force. In fact, they are also referred to as strong forces since they are 10 million times more powerful than chemical binding forces. A force known as the nuclear force interacts with the protons and neutrons of atoms. The force that holds protons and neutrons in a nucleus together is known as the nuclear force. Protons and protons, neutrons and neutrons, or neutrons and neutrons can all be affected by this force. The nucleus is held together by this force.
The nucleus is at the center of an atom and accounts for the maximum mass of the atoms, a nucleus contains both protons and neutrons giving it an overall positive charge because the neutrons are of neutral or zero charges. As electrons are negatively charged and are very light in comparison to a proton or neutron, it is considered negligible in front of them. Due to the negative charge of the electron, it is under an attractive force known as the nuclear force from the nucleus, as we know opposite charges attract.
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Which statements are true concerning a substance with a high specific heat?
a. An example substance is water.
b. The substance cools down slowly after heating.
c. The substance easily gets hot when heat is applied.
d. An example substance is aluminum metal.
The chemical progressively cools after heating. Another illustration of a substance is water..
What is specific heat, precisely?
The amount of energy required to elevate the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius (°C) is known as specific heat. Since water has a higher specific heat than other substances, it requires more energy to raise its temperature.
In plain English, what's really specific heat capacity?
A pure substance's heating value per unit mass is referred to as its heat capacity, or just specific heat. It is represented in terms of J/kgK or, more accurately, J/kg°C and therefore is described as the amount of warmth required to raise the temperature pf 1 kg of a substance by 1 K.
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Complete the following table for an ideal gas:
PV = nRT is the equation for the ideal gas law, which can be changed to take only one of the other variables into consideration if the other variables are known.
complete question:
Complete the following table for an ideal gas.
a. Complete the first row.
b. Complete the second row.
c. Complete the third row.
d. Complete the fourth row.
Describe Ideal Gas?A number of randomly moving point particles with no interparticle interactions make form an ideal gas, which is a type of theoretical gas. The ideal gas concept is useful since it conforms to the ideal gas law, a condensed equation of state, and is amenable to statistical mechanics analysis.
According to the ideal gas law (PV = nRT), ideal gases' macroscopic properties are connected. The particles of a gas are said to be perfect if they (a) do not interact with one another and (b) take up no space (have no volume).
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The ideal gas law displays the relationship in which of the following? Select all that apply. Select all that apply: A.Amontons's law B.Charles's law C.Boyle's law D.Avogadro's law
Amontons's law, Charles's law, Boyle's law and Avogadro's law are applied in ideal gas equation.
According to Boyle's Law, gas volume grows as pressure lowers. According to Charles' Law, a gas expands in volume as its temperature rises. Additionally, Avogadro's Law states that as gas concentration rises, so does its volume. The macroscopic characteristics of ideal gases are related by the ideal gas law (PV = nRT). A gas is considered to be ideal if its particles neither attract nor repel one another and occupy any space (have no volume).
Hence, ideal gas equation summation of individual gas laws.
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Which of the following has the smallest mass? A. An electron B. An atomic nucleus C. A proton D. A neutron
Answer: A. An electron
Explanation:
Answer:
an electron
Explanation:
The electron has the lowest mass out of them all as the mass of electron is so little that it is neglected while calculating atomic mass which is proton+electron. the mass of electron is 10 to the power -30 kg
Multiple Bonds: C4H6
2. Show that this formula is consistent with a Lewis structure with two double bonds
separated by a single bond. Explain/list all steps that would be followed in
constructing the Lewis structure for this molecule.
Lewis formula for C4H6: Since C4H6 is composed up of covalent bonds, the total number of electrons will equal the sum of the electrons in carbon and hydrogen, providing there is no residual charge.
The hydrogen atom has one electron, while the carbon atom has six.
As a result, there will be a total of = (4 6) + (6 1) = 30 electrons.
Steps to draw lewis structure
Find the polyatomic ion or molecule's total number of valence electrons. Add one electron for each negative charge if the compound is an anion. For each positive charge if the substance is a cation, take one electron away.
The least electronegative element other than hydrogen makes up the centre atom. Single bonds join it to the outside atoms.
Fill the outside atoms' octets.
Fill the centre atom's octet.
Form several bonds until the core atom has an octet if you run out of electrons before it does.
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Effective segmentation identifies where your customers are in the (fill the blank), and assists your customers in taking the appropriate next step in their (fill the blank).
Effective segmentation identifies where your customers are in the buyer’s journey and assists your customers in taking the appropriate next step in their individual customer journey.
Understanding the different audiences permits you to tailor your messaging and direct your marketing efforts as it should be. target audience segmentation lets you better talk and connect to your clients, allowing you to get the proper message approximately the right product to the right human beings on the proper time.
Demographic, psychographic, behavioral and geographic segmentation are considered the four fundamental varieties of marketplace segmentation, however there also are many other strategies you may use, along with numerous versions at the 4 important kinds.
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Drag the labels onto the table to indicate when each statement Is true. Labels can be used once, more than once, or not at all. 1. Orange dye moves independently of purple dye. 2. Concentration gradients exist that drive diffusion of both dyes. 3. There is a net movement of orange dye from side A to side B. 4. Purple dye moves only from side B lo side A. 5. There is no net movement of purple dye.
The labels the table to indicate when each statement Is true. Labels can be used once, more than once, or not at all, The orange dye moves independently of the purple dye. 2. Concentration gradients exist that drive diffusion of both dyes. : free water, solute, free water, solute.
In chemistry, attention is the abundance of a constituent divided by way of the total quantity of an aggregate. several types of mathematical descriptions may be prominent: mass concentration, molar concentration, range concentration, and quantity concentration.
it's miles the amount of solute dissolves in one hundred g solvent. If the attention of the answer is 20 %, we understand that there are 20 g solutes in one hundred g solution. instance: 10 g salt and 70 g water are mixed and the solution is ready. find awareness of the answer by means of percentage mass.
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Why is C1H2.67 not a valid empirical formula
Considering the definition of empirical formula, [tex]C_{1}[/tex][tex]H_{2.67}[/tex] is not a valid empirical formula because subscripts in the chemical formula must be whole number relationships.
Definition of empirical formulaThe empirical formula is the simplest expression to represent a chemical compound, which indicates the elements that are present and the minimum proportion in whole numbers that exist between its atoms, that is, subscripts in chemical formulas are reduced to the smallest possible whole numbers.
The empirical formula must be expressed using whole number relationships.
Why [tex]C_{1}[/tex][tex]H_{2.67}[/tex] is not a valid empirical formulaThe empirical formula must be expressed using whole number relationships.
2.67, subscript of element H, is not an integer. Then it is considered that [tex]C_{1}[/tex][tex]H_{2.67}[/tex] is not a valid empirical formula.
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The formula C₁H₂.₆₇ is not a valid empirical formula because the formula contains decimal number.
Why is C₁H₂.₆₇ not a valid empirical formula?Empirical formula is the simplest formula of a compound in simple whole number ratio.
This implies that the ratios of the atoms of the element that makes the compound must be whole number.
With the above information, we can justify the reason why C₁H₂.₆₇ is not a valid empirical formula as follow:
C₁H₂.₆₇ is not a valid empirical formula because the number of atom of H is written in decimal form.
For example:
CH₃ can be considered a valid empirical formula since the atoms are in simple whole number ratiosC₂H₆.₇ is not a valid empirical formula since the atoms are written in decimal formLearn more about empirical formula:
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the ph scale is a mathematical indicator of the
The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of the amount of H⁺ present in a solution. , hence option A is correct.
The term "potential of hydrogen" has historically been used to describe the pH, often known as acidity, in chemistry. It is a scale used to describe how basic or how acidic an aqueous solution is.
The pH scale determines how acidic or basic water is. The range is 0 to 14, with 7 representing neutrality.
Acidity is indicated by pH values below 7, whereas baseness is shown by pH values above 7. In reality, pH is a measurement of the proportion of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in water.
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The given question is incomplete, so the most probable complete question is,
The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of the Select one:
A. concentration of H+ present in a solution.
B. ability to dissolve in water.
C. total amount of all ions in a solution.
D. ability of a solution to buffer.
E. concentration of OH- present in a solution.
What are the three states of water and how does each state relate to the levels of energy of the water molecules?
The three state of matter are solid, liquid and gas. Water exists in all these states as ice, liquid water, water vapor respectively. The level of energy will varies from each state where, gaseous particles possess highest energy.
What is states of matter?Every substances are able to exhibit three states of matter namely gas, liquid and solid. However, some are more stable in any one state more probably by origin.
Substances in solid state have molecules closely packed without a space to move apart each other. Hence, the energy of molecules in solid state is very low.
In liquid state, molecules have some space to move apart and thus they can flow and have no definite shape like solids. Whereas in gases, molecules are far apart and they are free enough to move and thus have highest energy.
Therefore, water molecules in its vapor state is having highest energy than its liquid state and ice.
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find the boiling points of the six compounds that you will study: o-dichlorobenzene, 2-bromo- 2-methylbutane, benzene, p-xylene, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, and decane. predict their order of elution.
The separation compound using diffrence in boiling point melting point like physical properties.
What is physical properties.
A physical property is the any measurable property that whose value describes the state of a physical in system. Changes in the system's physical properties of can be used to describe its transitions between the momentary of state.
A physical property is a characteristic of the matter that is not associated with in a change in its chemicals composition. Familiar to the examples of physical properties that is include density, color, hardness, melting and boiling points, and the electrical conductivity.
There are mainly two types of physical properties extensive and intensive.
Sol-The separation scheme to used to separate the mixture of based on differences in this physical properties- such as boiling point melting point, solubility in a given solvent these are the three components.
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[tex]\mathrm{Cr}[/tex] is a member of which family?
noble gases
halogens
alkaline earth metals
alkali metals
transition metals
Answer:
transition metals
Explanation:
It is shown in the periodic table. It has an atomic number of 24 and exhibits characters which makes it to be a transition element.
if an element has an atomic number of 15 then what is it?
refer to the diagram to the right. the deadweight loss due to a monopoly is represented by the area
Deadweight loss is potential gain that did not go to producer or the Consumer.
As a result of deadweight losscombined surplus (wealth) of the monopoly and the Consumer is less than that obtained by consumer in a competitive market.
In the given figure deadweight loss is shown by area of FHE. That is the option A is correct.
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note- complete question is attached below
Refer to the diagram to the right. The deadweight loss due to a monopoly is represented by the area
A) FHE
B) FQ1Q2E
C) FGE
D) GEH
A 170. 00 g sample of an unidentified compound contains 29. 84 g sodium, 67. 49 g chromium, and 72. 67 g oxygen. Find the empirical formula.
The empirical formula is [tex]N_{a2C_{r2} } O_{7}[/tex].
Solution:
Mass of Na = 29.84 g
Mass of Cr = 67.49 g
Mass of O = 72.67 g
For Na = [tex]\frac{1.297}{1.297}[/tex] = 1
For Cr = [tex]\frac{1.297}{1.297}[/tex] = 1
For O = [tex]\frac{4.542}{1.297}[/tex] = 3.5
The ratio of Na: Cr: O = 1: 1: 3.5
To make the ratio in a whole number we are multiplying the ratio by 2, and we get:
The ratio of Na: Cr: O = 2: 2: 7
Taking the mole ratio as their subscripts.
The empirical formula for the given compound is[tex]N_{a2C_{r2} } O_{7}[/tex].
The empirical formula is the chemical formula of a compound and gives the proportion of elements present in the compound, but not the actual number or arrangement of atoms. This will be the smallest integer ratio of the elements in the compound. Derivation of the number of moles from the mass of each element. Divide the molar amount of each element by the minimum molar amount to get the exponent of the preliminary empirical formula.
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identify the reagents you would use to convert each of the following compounds into pentanoic acid: (a) 1-pentene (b) 1-bromobutane
a)BH3.THF is used to convert 1-pentane to pentanoic acid and b)NaCN is used to convert Bromobutane to pentanoic acid.
a) The conversion of 1-pentane to pentanoic acid using BH3, also known as hydroboration-oxidation, is a two-step reaction involving the reaction of 1-pentane with borane (BH3), followed by oxidation of the resulting 1-pentylborane with hydrogen peroxide or other oxidizing agents.
In the first step, 1-pentane reacts with borane (BH3) to form 1-pentylborane, through a process known as hydroboration. This reaction is catalyzed by a Lewis acid, such as aluminum chloride, and proceeds via a hydride transfer from the borane to the 1-pentane.
In the second step, the 1-pentylborane is oxidized to pentanoic acid using hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) or other suitable oxidizing agents. The oxidation is catalyzed by an acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), and proceeds via a proton transfer from the 1-pentylborane to the hydrogen peroxide. The end result is the conversion of 1-pentane to pentanoic acid.
The overall chemical reaction for the conversion of 1-pentane to pentanoic acid using borane (BH₃) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is as follows:
1-pentane + BH₃ + H₂O₂ → pentanoic acid + H₂O + BH₂
b)The conversion of 1-Bromo butane to pentanoic acid using sodium cyanide (NaCN) proceeds via a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The reaction mechanism involves the following steps:
1. Attack of the nucleophile, NaCN, on the carbon atom of 1-Bromo butane to form a tetrahedral intermediate.
2. Loss of a proton from the tetrahedral intermediate to form a carbanion.
3. Protonation of the carbanion by water (or another proton source) to form pentanoic acid.
The overall reaction can be represented as follows:
1-Bromo butane + NaCN → Pentanoic Acid + NaBr
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what is standard state of xenon
Answer:
Gas
Explanation:
When solutions of strontium chloride and sodium sulfate react, which of the following is a spectator ion? A) strontium ion B) chloride ion C) sodium ion D) sulfate ion E) two of these
When solutions of strontium chloride and sodium sulphate react, two of these is a spectator ion.
So, option E is correct.
What do you mean by spectator ion?
Spectator ions may be either cations (positively-charged ions) or anions (negatively-charged ions). The ion is unchanged on both sides of a chemical equation and does not affect equilibrium. When writing a net ionic equation, spectator ions found in the original equation are ignored. Thus, the total ionic reaction is different from the net chemical reaction.
Spectator Ion Examples:
Consider the reaction between sodium chloride (NaCl) and copper sulfate (CuSO4) in aqueous solution.
2 NaCl (aq) + CuSO4 (aq) → 2 Na+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) + CuCl2 (s)
The ionic form of this reaction is:
2 Na+ (aq) + 2 Cl- (aq) + Cu2+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) → 2 Na+ (aq) + SO42- (aq) + CuCl2 (s)
The sodium ions and sulfate ion are the spectator ions in this reaction. They appear unchanged in both the product and reactant side of the equation. These ions just "spectate" while the other ions form the copper chloride. The spectator ions are canceled out of a reaction when writing the net ionic equation, so the net ionic equation for this example would be:
2 Cl- (aq) + Cu2+ (aq) → CuCl2 (s)
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The most likely reason for colloidal dispersion is __________.
[A] the Tyndall effect
[B] emulsion formation
[C] precipitation
[D] electrostatic repulsion
[E] coagulation
The most likely reason for colloidal dispersion is electrostatic repulsion. Option [D] is correct.
What is colloidal dispersion?This sample shows particles invisible to standard microscopy. It will pass through the filter paper, but not through the semi-permeable membrane. Centrifuged particles. spread gradually.
Three types of colloidal dispersion:
Emulsions are between two liquids. Foam occur when many gas particles are trapped in a liquid or solid.Aerosols contain small liquid or solid particles dispersed in a gas.Repulsive electrostatic double-layer forces are involved in stabilizing charged colloidal particles in the presence of adsorbed light. Aggregation occurs simply as a result of a decrease in the surface charge of the particles (decreased zeta potential), a decrease in the electrical repulsion between colloidal particles, and the formation of van der Waals forces that promote initial aggregation of the colloidal particles.
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How many of the following postulates of dalton's atomic theory are still scientifically accepted?.
The 1 and 2 are still scientifically accepted and 3rd is not a postulate of Daltons atomic theory.
What is Daltons atomic theory?
According to the first section of his thesis, indivisible atoms make up all matter. According to the second part of the theory, each atom in a specific element has a constant mass and a specific set of properties. The third section states that compounds are unions of two or more different atom types.
What is theory?
The scientific method is used to develop a theory, which combines numerous facts and hypotheses to provide a well-thought-out explanation for observations of the natural world.
1 and 2 are still scientifically accepted.
All atoms of same element are identical.
Compounds are combination of different elements.
3rd is not a postulate of Daltons atomic theory.
And 4th is wrong. Atoms can be divided into protons neutrons.
Therefore, 1 and 2 are still scientifically accepted and 3rd is not a postulate of Daltons atomic theory.
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Which type of change results in the formation of a new
substance?
Chemists have categorized different sorts of modifications in the same way that they have categorized elements and compounds.
What is New substance?
Changes are classified as either physical or chemical changes. Chemists investigate the transformations that matter can go through to learn a lot about the nature of stuff.
Physical changes and chemical changes are the two different types of changes that chemists examine.
A physical change is when a sample of matter experiences a change in some of its qualities but not in its identity. Water vapor is created when liquid water is heated.
Therefore, Chemists have categorized different sorts of modifications in the same way that they have categorized elements and compounds.
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Analyze The IR Spectrum For Camphor And Compare With The Literature Value.
The analysis of the IR Spectrum for Camphor depicts that there are peaks around 1780 cm-1 that show C=O stretching, 3000 cm-1 that shows C-H stretching, 1450 cm-1 and 1375 cm-1 that show CH2 and CH3 stretching, and 1050 cm-1 that shows C-O stretching.
What does IR mean in the spectrum?A popular absorption technique for both qualitative and quantitative evaluations is infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Electromagnetic radiation that can change the rotational and vibrational states of covalent bonds in organic molecules is found in the infrared portion of the spectrum.
The "Tongues" and "Swords" Are The Main Things To Look For In An IR Spectrum.
Is there a broad, rounded peak in the 3400-3200 cm-1 range? There are hydroxyl groups (OH) present.
Is there a strong, abrupt peak in the area between 1850 and 1630 cm-1? That is where carbonyl groups (C=O) appear.
Camphor is a waxy, colorless substance with a potent scent. It is categorized as a cyclic ketone and terpenoid.
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which combinations of elements would likely yield a compound of empirical formula x2y3 ?
Combinations of the elements B2O3 and P2O3 would probably result in a compound with the empirical formula x2y3.
How can one locate empirical formula?By: Calculating the molarity of each elements from its mass, empirical formulas are generated using empirically measured element masses. Obtaining subscripts for a possible empirical formula by dividing the molar amount of each element by its smallest molar amount.
An illustration of an empirical formula.The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6. For every kilogram of carbon and oxygen, there are two moles of hydrogen present. CH2O is the experimental formula for glucose. Ribose has the formula CH2O as well as the chemical formula C5H10O5.
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An electrolytic cell is A. is cell in which reactant are continuously supplied to the cell B. a battery C. a cell in which an electric current drives a no spontaneous reaction D. a cell in which of the cell reaction is spontaneous
An electrolytic cell is a cell in which an electric current drives a no spontaneous reaction.
What is electrolytic cell?
Any apparatus in which excess electricity is changed into chemical energy or conversely is an electrolytic cell. Such a cell normally includes two electrodes, which can be metal or electrical conductors, kept apart from one another and in interface with an electrolyte (q.v. ), which is commonly an ionic compound that has been dissolved or fused.
For instance, water can be electrolyzed to create gaseous oxygen and gaseous hydrogen with the use of an electrolytic cell.
Electrical energy is transformed into chemical energy in an electrolytic cell. Electricity is generated in this situation as a result of a spontaneous redox reaction. Electricity must be provided to start the redox reaction because it is not spontaneous.
Therefore, Option C is correct.
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now rank the substances from part 1 in order of expected melting point, based on the relative strengths of the interparticle attractions.
In the given query, [tex]\rm CaCl_2 > NH_2OH > KI > PCl_3 > Cl_2 > CH_4[/tex] are the compounds in order of projected melting point from highest to lowest.
The melting point of a substance is determined by the strength of the interparticle attractions between the molecules or ions in the solid. The stronger the interparticle attractions, the higher the melting point.
[tex]\rm CaCl_2[/tex] has the highest expected melting point because it is an ionic compound with strong electrostatic attractions between the [tex]\rm Ca^{2+}\ and\ Cl^-[/tex]ions.
[tex]\rm NH_2OH[/tex] has the second-highest expected melting point because it has strong hydrogen bonding between the [tex]\rm NH_2OH[/tex] molecules.
KI has the third-highest expected melting point because it is an ionic compound with weaker electrostatic attractions than [tex]\rm CaCl_2[/tex].
[tex]\rm PCl_3[/tex] has the fourth-highest expected melting point because it has dipole-dipole interactions between the [tex]\rm PCl_3[/tex] molecules.
[tex]\rm Cl_2[/tex] has the fifth-highest expected melting point because it is a nonpolar molecule with weak London dispersion forces between the [tex]\rm Cl_2[/tex]molecules.
[tex]\rm CH_4[/tex] has the lowest expected melting point because it is a nonpolar molecule with weak London dispersion forces between the [tex]\rm CH_4[/tex] molecules.
Therefore, the substances in order of expected melting point from highest to lowest are: [tex]\rm CaCl_2 > NH_2OH > KI > PCl_3 > Cl_2 > CH_4[/tex]
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The given question is incomplete. The complete question is:
Now rank the substances in order of expected melting point, based on the relative strengths of the interparticle attractions: [tex]\rm CH_4[/tex], KI, [tex]\rm Cl_2[/tex], [tex]\rm PCl_3[/tex], [tex]\rm CaCl_2[/tex], [tex]\rm NH_2OH[/tex].
In order to function properly, cells must perform many reactions. Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism. During metabolism, atp.
During metabolism, atp is produced by chemical reactions, is broken down to fuel those reactions, and is transported from one cell to another.
What is metabolism?
The chemical processes in the body's cells known as metabolism convert food into energy. In order for our bodies to move, think, and grow, they require this energy. The chemical events that occur during metabolism are regulated by specific proteins in the body.
Therefore, During metabolism, atp is produced by chemical reactions, is broken down to fuel those reactions, and is transported from one cell to another.
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The concentration of ATP, ADP, and Pi differ with cell type. Consequently, the release of free energy with the hydrolysis of ATP will vary with cell type. Use the following table to calculate the AG for the hydrolysis of ATP in liver, muscle, and brain cells. In which cell type is the free energy of ATP hydrolysis most negative? AG" for the hydrolysis of ATP is -30.5 kJ/mol. Assume a temperature of 37°C. Liver Muscle Brain ATP (mM) 3.5 8.0 2.6 ADP (mM) 1.8 0.9 0.7 P, (mM) 5.0 8.0 2.7
The equation for ATP hydrolysis is as follows: ATP ---> ADP + Pi
Standard free energy change, ∆G'° = -RTlnK'eq;
where K'eq is equilibrium constant; R = 8.315 J/mol.K; T = 298 K
K'eq = {[ADP][Pi]}/[ATP]
For Liver:
∆G'° = -(8.315)(298) × ln (1.8 × 5.0/3.5)
∆G'° = -2.34 kJ/mol
For Muscle
∆G'° = -(8.315)(298) × ln (0.9 × 8.0/8.0)
∆G'° = 0.261 kJ/mol
For Brain
∆G'° = -(8.315)(298) × ln (0.7 × 2.7/2.6)
∆G'° = 0.79 kJ/mol
Therefore, the hydrolysis of free energy is 0.79 kJ/mol
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[Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question is given below:
The following data represents cellular concentrations of ATP, ADP, and inorganic phosphate from various mammalian organs. Calculate the actual Gibbs free energy change for hydrolysis of ATP under physiological conditions (assume 37°C). Assume ATP hydrolysis has a standard free energy change of -30.5 kJ/mol. Which cell type yields the greatest free energy change for ATP hydrolysis? Show your work. ATP (MM) ADP (mm) Pi. (mm) Liver 3.5 1.8 5.0 Muscle 8.0 0.9 8.0 Brain 2.6 0.7 2.7 mM=millimolar, ATP=adenosine triphosphate, ADP-adenosine diphosphate, Pi=inorganic phosphate]
