What is the yield to maturity of a five-year, $5000 bond with a 4.5% coupon rate and semi-annual coupons if this bond is currently trading for a price of $4876?
A) 6.30%
B) 4.50%
C) 4.30%
D) 5.07%
E) 8.60%
Answer:
5.07%
Explanation:
Given the following parameters from the question:
Number of years = 5
N => Number of compounding periods = 5 * 2 = 10
FV => Face Value = $5,000
PV => Present Value = $4876
Percentage rate = 4.5%
PMT => Annuity Payment = Face Value * percentage
=> 5,000 * 0.045 = 225
Given that, it is semi annual rate, we have 225 / 2 = 112.5
CPT YTM or I/Y => Yield to Maturity = 2.53 * 2 = 5.07%
Hence, the final answer is 5.07%
You decide to invest in a portfolio consisting of 30 percent Stock A, 30 percent Stock B, and the remainder in Stock C. Based on the following information, what is the expected return of your portfolio? State of Economy Probability of State Return if State Occurs of Economy Stock A Stock B Stock C Recession .17 - 18.8 % - 3.9 % - 22.8 % Normal .45 10.2 % 8.5 % 17.1 % Boom .38 28.6 % 15.8 % 31.7 %
Answer:
Portfolio return = 0.127744 or 12.7744% rounded off to 12.77%
Explanation:
The portfolio return is a function of the weighted average of the individual stocks returns' that form up the portfolio. The formula for portfolio return is,
Portfolio return = wA * rA + wB * rB + ... + wN * rN
Where,
w represents the weight of each stockr represents the return of each stockTo calculate the expected return of portfolio, we first need to calculate the individual stock returns.
The expected rate of return of individual stocks can be calculated as follows,
r = pA * rA + pB * rB + ... + pN * rN
Where,
pA, pB and so on represents the probability of an event or return to occur rA, rB and so on are the return in different events
For Stock A
rA = 0.17 * -0.188 + 0.45 * 0.102 + 0.38 * 0.286
rA = 0.12262 or 12.262%
For Stock B
rB = 0.17 * -0.039 + 0.45 * 0.085 + 0.38 * 0.158
rB = 0.09166 or 9.166%
For Stock C
rC = 0.17 * -0.228 + 0.45 * 0.171 + 0.38 * 0.317
rC = 0.15865 or 15.865%
Portfolio return = 0.3 * 0.12262 + 0.3 * 0.09166 + 0.4 * 0.15865
Portfolio return = 0.127744 or 12.7744% rounded off to 12.77%
Which of the following is an advantage of job specialization? 1 point A. The quality of work increases. B. Jobs can be mastered quickly. C. Employees are more involved with their jobs. D. The work is less repetitive. E. Task specialization has no clear advantages to the organization
Answer: B. Jobs can be mastered quickly.
Explanation:
Job specialization is when the employees in an organization focuses and concentrates on one particular aspect in a organization. Specialization makes employees more efficient and also effective at their role.
Also, jobs can be mastered quickly since the employees typically focuses on one particular aspect in the organization.
hich of the following is NOT one of the ways companies are using mobile apps? Group of answer choices track behavior across tablets and mobile devices utilize cookies to track mobile activity utilize GPS data to provide location-based offers track loyalty program participation add social value and entertainment to consumers' lives
Answer: Add social value and entertainment to consumers' lives
Explanation:
In this age of technology, companies have found that being able to offer their customers relevant products can be greatly helped by gathering information about them and offering it to them directly on their phones. A great way to do so is through the use of mobile apps.
With mobile apps a company can track behavior on the device as well as track mobile activity. They could even use the GPS capabilities of the phone through the app to offer relevant location based content.
However, as much as companies would like their customers to have enjoyable lives, this is not an aim with mobile apps. The apps are there to boost the companies sales not to add social value and entertainment to consumers' lives unless of course, that is the company's main business.
Answer:
Which features are created by wave erosion?
Your answer is:
- arches
- cliffs
- stacks
Explanation:
The following data are accumulated by Lone Peak Inc. in evaluating two competing capital investment proposals: 3D Printer Truck Amount of investment $32,000 $40,000 Useful life 4 years 9 years Estimated residual value 0 0 Estimated total income over the useful life $3,520 $14,400 Determine the expected average rate of return for each proposal. If required, round your answers to one decimal place. 3D Printer 55 % Truck 8 %
Answer:
3D Printer 55 % Truck 8 %
Explanation:
The formula to compute the average rate of return for each proposal is shown below:
The average rate of return = Average net income ÷ Average investment
Particulars 3D printer Truck
Average net income (a) $880 $1,600
($3,520 ÷ 4 years) ($14,400 ÷ 9 years)
Average investment (b) $16,000 $20,000
($32,000 ÷ 2) ($40,000 ÷ 2)
Average rate of return (a ÷ b) 55% 8%
You own of the stock of a company that has 10 directors on its board. How much representation can you get on the board if the company has cumulative voting? How much representation can you ensure if the company has straight voting?
Answer:
B.With cumulative voting you are able to get proportional representation by putting all of your votes toward 3directors, allowing you to elect representatives to 3 seats (30% of ten seats) on the board. B.With non-cumulative voting you vote on each director individually, and without a majority of the shares you cannot ensure that your representative will win any of the elections (you could lose 70% to 30% in each of the ten individual elections).Explanation:
Cumulative voting is a method of voting that allows a shareholder to place all the votes they have to one or more person. Normally, during elections for a Board member, each shareholder will be given a certain number of votes and this is usually related to the number of shares they hold. In cumulative voting, they can place all these allowed votes in the corner of one person thereby increasing their chances of getting voted. By owning 30%, you will get 30% of the votes. If you decide to place all 30% for 3 people out of 10, you will get them elected.
With straight voting though, you can only vote once per share owned. That means that you cannot pledge all your votes to a single person or group of people. Should that happen, you cannot ensure that your representative will win as people may outvote your 30% in in each candidate.
using the T-accounts of the first national bank and the second national bank, describe what happens when Jane Brown writes a check for $55 on her account
Answer:
Please refer to the attached.
Before Jane Brown wrote the check, her account was $55 at First National Bank which is reflected by the checkable deposit of $55 which the bank will keep in reserve as an asset.
Joe Green has not received the money so his account at Second National will show $0 balances.
After the cheque has been written and deposited, Jane Brown's chekcable deposits at First national will become $0 as well as the reserves.
Joe Green on the other hand, having gained the $55 and deposited it will see his checkable deposits rise to $55 which the bank will keep in reserve as an asset.
Company X was expected to have earnings per share of $0.52 for the upcoming quarter. On the day of the results, the company reported earnings per share of $0.83. What happened to the share price when the stock market opened?
Answer:
Rise in stock price.
Explanation:
In general, the stock price has increased because the expected earning was $0.52 per share but the actual earnings were $0.83. therefore, we can say that stock prices have increased. moreover, there are other factors that may affect the stock price. But in this case. A positive surprise in the earnings per share results in stock price going up.
In terms of communicative competency, effective leaders attempt to force their own ideas into group discussions.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Additional workers will increase a company's to a certain point until gains frombegin to decline. At this point, will continue to increase, but ___________ will diminish with each additional worker. Eventually there will be too many workers and not enoughto keep them busy inevitably slowing down production.
Answer:
Marginal product
Explanation:
There would be an increase in the marginal product of labour. more workers would result in more specialization in skilled areas. As workers increase, it is expected that work done would rise also.
Such that a time would come when the workers would be enough and no more gains would be accrued from specialization. We refer to this as the point of diminishing marginal product. capital would be fixed such that as more workers are used capital declines for each worker.
It is March 31, 2014. What is the latest reported number of E-Bay shares beneficially owned by the company’s CEO? Please provide your answer without comma separator or decimal (Ex: 23456326563)
Answer: 2663844
Explanation:
According to page 22 of eBay's March 2014 Definitive Proxy statement on the SEC's website, the President and CEO Mr John J. Donahoe, beneficially owned 2,663,844 shares in the company. This includes, 2,083,628 shares that he can acquire pursuant to some Options and 35,306 in Restricted stock units.
The firm has a target debt-equity (D/E) ratio of 0.76. Its cost of equity is 15.3 percent, and its pretax cost of debt is 9 percent. What is the WACC given a tax rate of 21 percent
Answer:
11.76%
Explanation:
The computation of the Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is shown below:
= Weightage of debt × cost of debt × ( 1 - tax rate)+ (Weightage of common stock) × (cost of common stock)
= (0.76 ÷ 1.76 × 9%) × ( 1 - 21%) + (1 ÷ 1.76 × 15.3%)
= 3.07% + 8.69%
= 11.76%
Hence, the WACC is 11.76%
We simply multiplied the weight of capital stucture with its cost
At the beginning of the school year, Priscilla Wescott decided to prepare a cash budget for the months of September, October, November, and December. The budget must plan for enough cash on December 31 to pay the spring semester tuition, which is the same as the fall tuition. The following information relates to the budget:
Cash balance, September 1 (from a summer job) $8,220
Purchase season football tickets in September 110
Additional entertainment for each month 290
Pay fall semester tuition in September 4,400
Pay rent at the beginning of each month 400
Pay for food each month 220
Pay apartment deposit on September 2 (to be returned December 15) 600
Part-time job earnings each month (net of taxes) 1,020
a. Prepare a cash budget for September, October, November, and December. Enter all amounts as positive values except an overall cash decrease which should be indicated with a minus sign.
b. Are the four monthly budgets that are presented prepared as static budgets or flexible budgets?
c. Priscilla can see that her present plan will not provide sufficient cash. If Priscilla did not budget but went ahead with the original plan, she would be $ short at the end of December, with no time left to adjust.
Answer:
a) Priscilla Wescott's
Cash budget
Months
Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
beginning balance 8,220 3,220 3,330 3,340
football tickets -110
other entertainment -290 -290 -290 -290
semester tuition -4,400
rent -400 -400 -400 -400
food -220 -220 -220 -220
apartment deposit -600 600
part time jobs earnings 1,020 1,020 1,020 1,020
ending balance 3,220 3,330 3,340 4,150
b) This is a static budget because it is being prepared in advance. A flexible budget adjusts a static budget to the real cash outflows and inflows.
c) The spring semester tuition costs $4,400 and she will only have $4,150, that means she will be $250 short.
A firm has a total market value of $10 million while its debt has a market value of $4 million. What is the after-tax weighted average cost of capital if the before-tax cost of debt is 10%, the cost of equity is 15%, and the tax rate is 35%
Answer:
11.6%
Explanation:
A firm total market value is $10 million
Its debt has a market value of $4 million
The before-tax cost of debt is 10%
= 10/100
= 0.1
The cost of equity is 15%
= 15/100
= 0.15
The tax rate is 35%
= 35/100
= 0.35
Therefore, the after-tax weighted average cost of capital can be calculated as follows
WACC= 0.4(0.10)(1-0.35) + 0.6(0.15)
= 0.04(0.65) + 0.09
= 0.026 + 0.09
= 0.116×100
= 11.6%
Hence the after-tax weighted average cost of capital is 11.6%
Wood Co.'s dividends on noncumulative preferred stock have been declared but not paid. Wood has not declared or paid dividends on its cumulative preferred stock in the current or the prior year, and has reported a net loss in the current year. For the purpose of computing basic earnings per share, how should the income available to common stockholders be calculated
Answer:
Once the preferred dividends have been declared, they must be included in the calculation for the earnings per share (EPS) formula: EPS = (net income - preferred dividends) / average shares outstanding.
When the dividends are declared the following journal entry must be made:
Dr Retained earnings X
Cr Preferred dividends payable X
Net income is reported using the retained earnings account, and once the retained earnings account decreases, the preferred dividends become a liability.
Employees in a department are considered a team only when they directly interact and coordinate work activities with each other.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Team can be defined as way in which group of people or individuals come together in one accord in order to carryout a task or an assignment for the purpose of achieving their aim,goals or objectives, which is why working together as a team either in a company or an organisation is vital and paramount because it help to create unity among employees and to enable the employees to interact and effectively coordinate their work activities with one another which will lead to the growth and success of the organisation or company.
Even though most corporate bonds in the United States make coupon payments semiannually, bonds issued elsewhere often have annual coupon payments. Suppose a German company issues a bond with a par value of ? 1000, 25 years to maturity, and a coupon rate of 6.4 percent paid annually. If the yield to maturity is 7.5 percent, what is the current price of the bond?
Answer:
Bond Price = $877.3835955 rounded off to $877.380
Explanation:
To calculate the price of the bond, we need to first calculate the coupon payment per period. We assume that the interest rate provided is stated in annual terms. As the bond is an annual bond, the coupon payment, number of periods and r or YTM will be,
Coupon Payment (C) = 0.064 * 1000 = $64
Total periods (n)= 25
r or YTM = 7.5% or 0.075
The formula to calculate the price of the bonds today is attached.
Bond Price = 64 * [( 1 - (1+0.075)^-25) / 0.075] + 1000 / (1+0.075)^25
Bond Price = $877.3835955 rounded off to $877.380
The current price of the bond is $877.38.
Given that,
The par value of $1,000.The NPER is 25 years.The coupon rate is 6.4%, PMT = 6.4% of $1,000 = $64.The RATE is 7.5%.Based on the above information, the calculation is to be shown in the attachment.
Therefore we can conclude that The current price of the bond is $877.38.
Learn more: brainly.com/question/6201432
Suppose an industry earns a rate of return of 10%, which is twice as high as that of competitive industries, 5%. How much is the price overcharge of that industry, if its capital is valued at half its annual revenue
Answer:
Let us assume that both the industries are having an investment of $100,000
The profit of the given industry which is having 10% rate of return will be $100,000 * 10% = $10,000
The other industry which is having the Rate of return of 5% will earn a profit of $100,000 * 5% = $5000.
As the capital is just half of the revenue, it signifies that the total revenue will be $200,000 . So the same value of $10,000 will be 5% of the total revenue. On the other hand, $5,000 would be 2.5% of total revenue.
Thus, the first stated industry will charge 2.5% more than the other industry.
When auto manufacturer BMW purchased the RollsRoyce brand name, BMW had to hire and train a new staff of assembly workers. The new workers were paid per hour, worked a total of hours, and produced cars. BMW budgeted for a standard labor rate of per hour and direct labor hours per car. What is the direct labor rate variance for the RollsRoyce division?
Complete Question:
When auto manufacturer BMW purchased the Rolls-Royce brand name, BMW had to hire and train a new staff of assembly workers. The new workers were paid $25 per hour, worked a total of 7,500 hours, and produced 2,000 cars. BMW budgeted for a standard labor rate of $27 per hour and 1.25 direct labor hours per car.
What is the direct labor rate variance for the Rolls-Royce division?
Answer:
$15,000 Favorable Variance
Explanation:
As we know that:
Labor Rate Variance = (Actual Rate per Hour − Standard Rate per Hour) * Actual Hours Worked
If we consider the parenthesis elements in the formula, we can decide whether the variance is favorable or adverse. If the actual cost is higher than the budget (standard) then the variance (difference) is adverse and vice versa.
Here
Actual rate per hour is $25 per Hour
Standard rate per hour is $27 per Hour
Actual Hours Worked are 7,500 Hour
By putting values, we have:
Labor Rate Variance = ($25 − $27) * 7,500 Hrs
Labor Rate Variance = ($2 per share) * 7,500 Hrs
Labor Rate Variance = $15,000 Favorable
As the actual labor rate is lower than the standard rate hence the variance is favorable.
Barry Cuda is considering the purchase of the following Builtrite bond: $1000 par, 3 1/4% coupon rate, 10 year maturity that is currently selling for $940. If Barry purchases this bond, what would his approximate yield to maturity be?
Answer:
Yield to Maturity = 3.97%
Explanation:
The yield to maturity is the discount rate that equates the price of the bond to the present value of its future cash flow receivable from it.
The yield on the bond can be determined as follows using the formula below:
YM = C + F-P/n) ÷ 1/2 (F+P)
YM-Yield to maturity-
C- annual coupon
F- Face Value
P- Current Price
DATA
Coupon = coupon rate × Nominal value = 1,000 × 3 1/4%= 32.5
Face Value = 1000
YM-?, C- 32.5, Face Value - 1,000, P-940
YM = (32.5+ (1000-940)/10) ÷ ( 1/2× (1000 + 940) )
YM = 0.0397 × 100 = 3.97%
Yield to Maturity = 3.97%
24. Emotional labor is higher in jobs requiring: 1 point A. limited hours of routine work. B. working in irregular shifts. C. working in isolation. D. frequent interaction with clients. E. skilled knowledge such as accounting.
Answer:
The correct answer is:
frequent interaction with clients. (D.)
Explanation:
Emotional labour refers to the suppression or the management of one's emotions that are felt but not expressed while at a job. Essentially, emotional labour requires workers to:
Hide emotions they do feel
show emotions they do not feel
create an appropriate emotion for the situation.
These can be achieved through surface acting and deep acting.
Customer service and retail jobs require a lot of emotional labour. For instance, if the customer service agent is angry, it is not ethical in his/her job description to show such anger to the clients, hence he/she has to force a smile just to give a satisfactory service to the client. some determinants of emotional labour include:
1. societal, organizational or occupational norms
2. emotional expressiveness
3. supervisory regulation of display rules
You are considering purchasing stock in Canyon Echo. You feel the company will increase its dividend at 4.4 percent indefinitely. The company just paid a dividend of $3.29 and you feel that the required return on the stock is 10.6 percent. What is the price per share of the company's stock?
Answer: $50.83
Explanation:
Based on the information given in the question, the following can be deduced:
r = required return = 10.6% = 0.106
D0 = Dividend = 3.29
g = growth rate = 4.4% = 0.044
The price per share of the company's stock will be:
= D0(1 + g)/(r - g)
= 3.29(1 + 0.044)/(0.106 - 0.044)
= 3.29(1.044)/(0.062)
= 3.15134/0.062
= $50.83
What is the amount that Cooper Enterprises should report as its pension liability on its balance sheet as of December 31, 2018?
Answer: $600,000
Explanation;
Pension Liability refers to the amount the company is to pay its employees a pension less the actual amount it has to pay its employees.
It is therefore expressed as;
= Obligations - Assets
In this scenario that would be;
= Projected Benefits Obligation - Plan Assets (at Fair Value)
= 1,200,000 - 600,000
= $600,000
Janitor Supply produces an industrial cleaning powder that requires 48 grams of material at $0.10 per gram and 0.15 direct labor hours at $11.00 per hour. Overhead is applied at the rate of $10 per direct labor hour. What is the total standard cost for one unit of product that would appear on a standard cost card
Answer:
Unitary cost= $7.95
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
48 grams of material at $0.10 per gram
0.15 direct labor hours at $11.00 per hour
Overhead is applied at the rate of $10 per direct labor hour.
We need to calculate the unitary production cost:
Unitary cost= 48*0.1 + 0.15*11 + 0.15*10
Unitary cost= $7.95
(a) What alternative formats could P&G have adopted for its balance sheet? Which format did it adopt? (b) Identify the various techniques of disclosure P&G might have used to disclose additional pertinent financial information. Which technique does it use in its financials? (d) What were P&G's cash flows from its operating, investing, and financing activities for 2017? What were its trends in net cash provided by operating activities over the period 2015 to 2017? Explain why the change in accounts payable and in accrued and other liabilities is added to net income to arrive at net cash provided by operating activities.
Answer:
P&G 2017 K-10:
a) Alternative formats for P&G Balance Sheet:
1. Report Format: Assets and Liabilities and Equity are listed from up to down.
2. Account Format: Assets and Liabilities and Equity are stated side by side.
3. Liquidity Format: The most liquid assets are listed first and then followed by permanent assets, and the same for liabilities.
4. Permanency Format: Noncurrent assets are stated first before current assets, and the same for liabilities.
P&G reported under US GAAP adopted the Report Format and listed balance sheet items according to their liquidity.
b) Techniques of disclosure of additional financial information:
1. Parenthetical Explanation
2. Notes to the Financial Statements
3. Cross-referencing
4. Valuation Allowances, e.g allowances for doubtful accounts, accumulated depreciation, etc.
5. Supporting Schedules
6. Comparative Statements, with about three years of financial statements.
c) P&G used Notes to the Financial Statements with supporting schedules and comparative statements.
d) 2017 Cash flows from:
1. Operating Activities = $12,753 million
2. Investing Activities = ($5,689 million)
3. Financing Activities = ($8,568 million)
e. Trends in net cash provided by operating activities over the period 2015 to 2017:
Net cash provided by operating activities:
2015 = $14,608 million
2016 = $15,435 million
2017 = $12,753 million
It increased from 2015 to 2016 and decreased in 2017 as stated above.
f) The change in accounts payable, accrued, and other liabilities is added to net income to arrive at net cash provided by operating activities because they involve cash outflows for the payment of purchases for goods and services used in generating the revenue that produces the net income.
Explanation:
P&G as a US headquartered entity reported under US GAAP with the adoption of Balance Sheet instead of reporting under IFRS with the adoption of Statement of Financial Position. P&G called its Income Statement "Consolidated Statement of Earnings" instead of the IFRS "Consolidated Income Statement." Apart from nomenclature, the formats and disclosures are similar.
Keith, an employee of Sunbeam, Inc., has gross salary for May of $15,000. The entire amount is under the OASDI limit of $118,500 and thus subject to FICA. He is also subject to federal income tax at a rate of 20%. Which of the following is a part of the journal entry to record the disbursement of his net pay? (Assume a FICAOASDI Tax of 6.2% and FICAMedicare Tax of 1.45%.) (Round the final answer to the nearest dollar.)
Answer:
there are no options listed, but the journal entry to record Keith's salary should be:
May 31, wages expense
Dr Wages expense 15,000
Dr FICA taxes expense 1,147.50
Dr FUTA taxes expense 900
Cr Federal income taxes withheld payable 3,000
Cr FICA OASDI taxes withheld payable 930
Cr FICA Medicare taxes withheld payable 217.50
Cr FICA OASDI taxes payable 930
Cr FICA Medicare taxes payable 217.50
Cr Wages payable 10,852.50
I didn't include SUTA taxes or any other discount (e.g. health insurance, IRA contributions, union contributions, etc.) because sometimes they do not exist, but the previous ones always exist.
Bryce Co. sales are $801,000, variable costs are $465,100, and operating income is $287,000. What is the contribution margin ratio
Answer:
Contribution margin ratio= 0.42
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Bryce Co. sales are $801,000
Variable costs are $465,100
Operating income is $287,000.
To calculate the contribution margin ratio, we need to use the following formula:
contribution margin ratio= (sales - variable cost) / sales
contribution margin ratio= (801,000 - 465,100) / 801,000
contribution margin ratio= 0.42
Stock price is $150. You see an at-the-money call option trading at $15, and at-the-money put trading at $5. The options have the same expiration date. You decide to buy a straddle. What will be the breakeven points of the strategy, i.e., at what stock prices will your profit will be exactly zero?a. Two breakeven points, S* = 145 and S* = 165b. Two breakeven points, S* = 135 and S* = 155c. One breakeven point, S* = 150d. Two breakeven points, S* = 130 and S* = 170
Answer:
D) Two break even points, S* = 130 and S* = 170
Explanation:
option a)
if the stock price is $145,
put option ⇒ you win $5 - $5 (option price) = no gain
call option ⇒ you lose $15 (option price)
WRONG ANSWER
option b)
if the stock price is $155,
put option ⇒ you lose $5 (option price)
call option ⇒ you win $5 - $15 (option price) = -$10 loss
WRONG ANSWER
option c)
if the stock price is $150,
put option ⇒ you lose $5 (option price)
call option ⇒ you lose $15 (option price)
WRONG ANSWER
option d)
if the stock price is $170,
put option ⇒ you lose $5 = -$5 loss
call option ⇒ you win $20 - $15 (option price) = $5 gain
total gain/loss = $0
if the stock price is $130,
put option ⇒ you win $20 - $5 (option price) = $15 gain
call option ⇒ you lose $15 (option price)
total gain/loss = $0
CORRECT ANSWER
The per-unit standards for direct materials are 2 gallons at $4 per gallon. Last month, 11200 gallons of direct materials that actually cost $42400 were used to produce 6000 units of product. The direct materials quantity variance for last month was
Answer:
$3,200 Favorable
Explanation:
For the computation of direct materials quantity variance first we need to find out the standard quantity which is shown below:-
Standard quantity = Standard quantity per unit × Number of units produced
= 2 gallon × 6,000
= 12,000
Direct materials quantity variance = (Standard quantity - Actual quantity) × Standard Price
= (12,000 - 11,200) × $4
= 800 × $4
= $3,200 Favorable
With regard to consideration in a sales contract, the UCC differs from the common law in that:_______
A) terms of a sales contract may be modified without additional consideration.
B) consideration is not required in sales contracts
C) terms in a sales contract may be modified as long as additional consideration is provided.
D) consideration exchanged must be equal or very closely equal in sales contracts.
Answer:
A) terms of a sales contract may be modified without additional consideration.
Explanation:
Generally speaking, common law applies to everybody in an equal manner, i.e. the law is the same for everyone. While UCC rules vary depending if the parties involved are merchants or not. UCC has two standards, one that applies to merchants and another one that applies to everyone else.
Common law applies to all contracts that are not covered by UCC rules. UCC rules only apply to the sale of goods and this doesn't include money or securities. Under UCC rules, new consideration is not a requirement to modify an existing contract. E.g. a buyer places an order for 3,000 units, but the seller only has 2,000 units available. The seller can send the 2,000 units and if the buyer accepts them, a new contract is formed.
Sauer Milk Inc. wants to determine the minimum cost of capital point for the firm. Assume it is considering the following financial plans: Cost (aftertax) Weights Plan A Debt 3.0 % 15 % Preferred stock 6.0 10 Common equity 10.0 75 Plan B Debt 3.2 % 25 % Preferred stock 6.2 10 Common equity 11.0 65 Plan C Debt 4.0 % 35 % Preferred stock 6.7 10 Common equity 10.6 55 Plan D Debt 7.0 % 45 % Preferred stock 7.6 10 Common equity 12.6 45 a-1. Compute the weighted average cost for four plans.
Answer:
Plan A = 8.55%
Plan A =8.57%
Plan A =7.9%
Plan A =6.58%
Explanation:
The weighted average cost of capital can be computed by multiplying the Cost of capital (after tax) with the weights. The weighted average cost for four plans are as follows
WACC = Cost of capital x Weights
PLAN A
Weights Cost of capital WACC
Debt 3.0 % 15 % 0.45%
Preferred stock 6.0 10% 0.6%
Common equity 10.0 75% 7.5%
WACC 8.55%
PLAN B
Weights Cost of capital WACC
Debt 3.2 % 25% 0.8%
Preferred stock 6.2 10% 0.62%
Common equity 11.0 65% 7.15%
WACC 8.57%
PLAN C
Weights Cost of capital WACC
Debt 4.0 % 35 % 1.4%
Preferred stock 6.7 10% 0.67%
Common equity 10.6 55% 5.83%
WACC 7.90%
PLAN D
Weights Cost of capital WACC
Debt 7.0 % 45 % 3.15%
Preferred stock 7.6 10% 0.76%
Common equity 12.6 45% 5.67%
WACC 6.58%
