The pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex present in mitochondria catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
Acetyl CoA carboxylase is the key enzyme in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis because it provides the building blocks necessary for fatty acid carbon chain elongation. A fatty acid desaturase is an enzyme that removes two hydrogen atoms from a fatty acid, creating a carbon or carbon double bond. Acetyl CoA carboxylase is the key enzyme in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis because it provides the building blocks necessary for carbon chain elongation of fatty acids. The liver releases bile, which contains lecithin, bile salts, and emulsifiers that help break down even more fat. Bile sticks to fat, and emulsifiers increase its surface area, facilitating the action of digestive enzymes. After this, enzymes break down the fatty acids.
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. What determines whether the relationship between a fungus and a plant is commensalism, mutualism, or parasitism?
A.) Where the fungus is located in the plant.
B.) How long the fungus survives in the plant.
C.) Whether the fungus reproduces in the plant with spores, seeds, or runners.
D.) Whether the effect of the fungus on the plant is neutral, positive or negative.
Whether the effect of the fungus on the plant is neutral, positive or negative determines whether the relationship between a fungus and a plant is commensalism, mutualism, or parasitism.
Plant and fungi characteristics
Symbiotic interactions called mycorrhizae develop between fungi and plants. In exchange for improved water and nutrient uptake, the fungi invade the roots of a host plant and receive carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis from the plant.
Chlorophyll exists in plants. Chlorophyll does not exist in fungi. Most plants have stems, roots, and leaves. Hyphae are part of the fungus's body (they interconnect to form mycelium). Their cells each have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles since they are both eukaryotic, which means they are both members of the Eukarya domain. Both of them are stationary, include many cells, have cell walls, and are frequently multicellular.
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Allele frequencies within a population can be altered by all except which of these processes?A. MigrationB. MutationC. Natural selectionD. Inbreeding
All except inbreeding can alter the allele frequencies within a population.
The Hardy-Weinberg theorem also describes populations in which allele frequencies are not shifting. Such populations are not evolving by definition. We can deduce the theorem's implications for what drives changes in allele frequencies. The "forces of evolution" are these variables. These four forces are natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation. The "Natural Selection" concept will cover natural selection.
In a gene pool, mutation produces new genetic variation. All new alleles develop in this manner. The mutations that affect evolution in sexually reproducing organisms are those that take place in gametes. Individuals moving into or out of a population cause gene flow. Allele frequencies may be significantly impacted by a high migration rate. A small population's genetic drift is a random shift in allele frequency.
Hence, allele frequency is altered from mutation, gene flow and genetic drift.
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Most of life on Earth depends on which of the following? *
O
animals that eat plants
O photosynthetic organisms
O animals that eat other animals
O consumers on the second trophic level
Answer:
Explanation:
B photosynthetic organisms did the exam good luck
our bodies need essential fatty acids that are found in unsaturated fats we must consume. which essential fatty acid is called alpha linolenic acid and is found in fish and flaxseed oil?
The correct answer is omega-3 fatty acid is called alpha linolenic acid and is found in fish and flaxseed oil.
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the most prevalent omega-3 fatty acid in the majority of Western diets, can be found in leafy green vegetables, flax seeds and flaxseed oil, vegetable oils, nuts (especially walnuts), and some animal fat, particularly from grass-fed animals. The most crucial fats, however, are those that our bodies are unable to produce and must obtain from diet. These essential fatty acids (EFAs) are composed of alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, which belong to the omega-6 category (omega-3 group). To thrive, we require both categories of essential fatty acids. A polyunsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbons, -linolenic acid, is necessary for good health. Humans cannot produce the chemical because they lack the necessary enzymes, therefore it must be consumed through food.
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what are lymphatic nodules? multiple choice regions of bone marrow that produce lymphocytes encapsulated lymphatic organs compact masses of lymphatic tissue
The lymphatic nodules are compact masses of lymphatic tissue.
Small bean-shaped structures known as lymph nodes are typically less than 2.5 cm long. Throughout the body, they are widely dispersed along the lymphatic routes where they filter the lymph before it is returned to the blood. In the central nervous system, there are no lymph nodes. Lymph nodes often collect in three superficial areas on either side of the body. The inguinal nodes in the groyne, axillary nodes in the armpit, and cervical nodes in the neck are these regions.
A connective tissue capsule surrounds the normal lymph node, which is split into lymph nodules. The lymph nodules are surrounded by lymph sinuses, which are dense collections of lymphocytes and macrophages.
Hence, node are the reservoir of the lymph and immune cell.
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Name a product of cellular respiration that is used as a reactant in photosynthesis? (SC.912.L.18.9)
02
O ATP
Glucose
CO 2
Carbon dioxide is a product of cellular respiration that is used as a reactant in photosynthesis (option 4).
What are the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?Photosynthesis is a metabolic pathway that plants and algae use to generate simple carbs such as glucose by using reactant carbon dioxide, water, and also sunlight.
Conversely, cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic cells in order to generate ATP, which is considered the energy coin of the cells. In cellular respiration, the reactants include foods such as glucose molecules and oxygen, while the products of this pathway include carbon dioxide and also the generation of ATP.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that photosynthesis and cellular respiration are different in terms of reactants and products and both metabolic pathways may be considered complementary in terms of the generation and use of substrates.
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mycobacterium tuberculosis is taken up by lung macrophages but is not digested. what protects these bacteria in the macrophage so that they can survive and reproduce in the lungs?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB). Although the TB germs typically assault the lungs, they can also affect the kidney, spine, and brain. Not every person who contracts the TB germs gets ill.
Before killing a macrophage, M. tuberculosis cells first group together and "gang up" on it. The macrophage then engulfs the clump and perishes from bacterial overpowering. The germs are not eliminated as a result, and they multiply quickly inside the decomposing macrophage. M. tuberculosis can lay dormant inside the host cells for years while still having the ability to get active. M. tuberculosis can avoid the host's active immune system thanks to its dormancy or latency. The host-pathogen surface of MTB has a specific envelope made of particular lipids, which aids in immune escape [112]. According to Chen et al., phagocyte MTB escapes into the cytoplasm in order to prevent lysosome death.
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those who live in rural areas face a greater risk of infectious disease than those who live in cities. True/False
Answer:
Explanation:
thamks
Which scientist developed the planetary model that stated electrons were found in specific energy levels around the nucleus?
Ernest Rutherford developed the planetary model that stated electrons were found in specific energy levels around the nucleus.
The Rutherford model, also known as the Rutherford atomic model, nuclear atom, or planetary model of the atom, is a description of the structure of atoms that was put out in 1911 by physicist Ernest Rutherford, who took birth in a city of New Zealand. According to the idea, an atom consists of a small, compact, positively charged core called a nucleus, which is where almost all of the mass is concentrated.
The light, negatively charged electrons then orbit the nucleus at a slight distance, much like planets orbit the Sun. Under the guidance of Rutherford and German physicist Hans Geiger in 1909, Ernest Marsden, a student, conducted a series of experiments that revealed the scattering of alpha particles from thin gold foil.
This resulted in the hypothesis that the nucleus was tiny and dense.
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please help (earth science)
Knowledge of earth science empowers us to think globally and act locally—to make wise judgments about matters that are crucial to our lives as humans.
What is the earth sciences' contribution?Numerous methods in which society can adapt to its environment are aided by the work of earth scientists.Their understanding of the stratigraphy, structure, and chemical makeup of the earth's crust enables us to find resources that improve and sustain our standard of living.
Why should we aid the planet?The food we eat, the air we breathe, and the water we use to irrigate our crops are all gifts from our woods, rivers, oceans, and soils. They provide us with a wide range of additional products and services that are essential to our well-being, happiness, and prosperity.
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How does photosynthesis affect the amount of carbon in the atmosphere
The rate of photosynthesis typically increases unless it is constrained by another factor because an increase in carbon dioxide content accelerates the rate at which carbon is integrated into carbohydrates in the light-independent process.
Rate of photosynthesis
Since the rate of photosynthesis and the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are directly proportional, a rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide will result in an increase in the rate of photosynthesis.
To create the glucose molecule, the carbon dioxide is reduced using electrons from the hydroxyl ion(OH-) formed during the photolysis of water. The plant uses the extra glucose to store it as starch after using it as needed by the plant. As carbon dioxide levels rise, photosynthesis accelerates.
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1. What makes Charles Darwin an important person to learn about?
Answer: Charles Darwin is an important person to learn about because he is the scientist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection. This theory explains how species change over time through the process of natural selection, where individuals with traits that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection has had a profound impact on the scientific understanding of the natural world, and it is considered to be one of the most important scientific theories of all time. It has been supported by a vast body of scientific evidence and has helped to explain a wide range of phenomena in biology, including the diversity of life on Earth and the adaptations of organisms to their environment.
In addition to his contributions to science, Darwin is also an important figure in the history of science. He was one of the first scientists to systematically study and document the process of evolution, and his work laid the foundation for many of the advances that have been made in the field of biology over the past 150 years. His ideas have also had a significant impact on other fields, including psychology, sociology, and anthropology. As such, learning about Charles Darwin and his contributions to science can help us to better understand the natural world and the forces that shape it.
sam is a high school student who complained of fatigue. his physician determined sam had enlarged lymph nodes in his neck and increased leukocytes. the physician diagnosed sam with a viral condition called:
The physician diagnosed Sam with a viral condition called Mononucleosis.
Frequent symptoms of mono include fever, lymphadenopathy, and tonsillar pharyngitis. In the 1920s, a group of students with comparable pharyngeal illnesses and blood laboratory results showing lymphocytosis and unusual mononuclear cells were first diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. Only until an exposed healthcare worker tested positive for heterophiles was the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) determined to be the cause of mononucleosis. Reviewing the origin, aetiology, and clinical manifestations of mononucleosis, this exercise emphasizes the importance of the interprofessional team in managing the condition.
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what is the viral envelope, and what does the presence (or absence) of it tell you about the type of virus?
The envelope, which is derived from the host cell membrane, surrounds the viral capsid and serves as just an additional barrier to a external environment. The vast majority of animal viruses are enveloped, whereas the vast majority of viruses that infect plants or bacteria are not.
The viral genome is packaged in a protein coat known as the capsid in virus particles. For some viruses, the capsid is surrounded by a lipid bilayer containing viral proteins, which typically include proteins that allow the virus to bind to host cells. The virus envelope is a lipid and protein structure derived from the host cell membranes. Viral genetic material is contained within protein structures known as capsids.
Viruses are classified into two types: enveloped viruses, which have an outer lipid membrane, and nonenveloped viruses, which do not. The envelope, when present, contains viral proteins that mediate binding to host cells. When there is no envelope, the outer capsid proteins perform this function. Nonenveloped viruses, in general, are more stable and can survive in the environment for much longer. The method of viral entry and exit from host cells is determined by capsids and envelopes.
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if cooking a beef roast with significant amounts of collagen, how can the meat be most effectively tenderized? a.mechanically tenderize meat or cut the collagen from the meat b.use a moist-heat cooking method to change the collagen to gelatin c.slice thinly across the grain of the meat d.roast to rare or medium rare
Option B - Whenever roasting beef that contains a lot of collagen, To make gelatin, cook the collagen using a wet heat method.
At 160/70, collagen begins to break down into gelatin. The meat becomes dryer, but at 160F the collagen-containing connective tissues start to turn into gelatin. Muscle fibers that had been tightly bound start to easily stretch apart over time. The flesh appears more tender because of the succulence that the gelatins produce, despite the fact that the fibers are still very stiff and dry.
Therefore, we want our meat to be cooked tenderly so that the rough collagen is transformed into gelatin while minimizing moisture loss. The fact that these techniques conflict with one another is what makes cooking meat difficult or problematic. However, temperatures must be lower than 130F in order to avoid moisture loss. It takes longer and higher temperatures to transform collagen into gelatin.
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A group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring is known as a?
Answer: It is known as a species.
Explanation:
Blood pressure is usually measured in the ________ artery with a sphygmomanometer.
(Pedigrees) Describe the inheritance pattern shown in Figure 3, in paragraph form. Use Roman and Arabic numerals to explain the structure of the chart and to also identify the individual(s) who express the unnamed trait. Hint: The genetic parents in this pedigree would have the labels I-1 and I-2.
The inheritance pattern shown in Figure 3 is autosomal recessive (question 1), in the pedigree diagram we can oversee only a male individual that expresses the trait/condition who is II 1 (question 2). Parental individuals I1 and I2 are carriers, while the remaining individual may be carriers or not for the trait/condition (question 3).
What is a pedigree genetic diagram?A pedigree genetic diagram is a graphical representation of the genealogical relationships of the members of one family that may express or be carriers for a given genetic trait and or conditions.
In this case, the only individual who expresses the trait is II1 (dashed square), which is a male because males are represented by squares, while females are represented by circles.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that a pedigree genetic diagram is used to represent the genealogical relationships we can observe in this type of diagram.
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if natural fires and herbivores can both reduce the abundance of competitively superior plants, how should this affect the number of other plant species that can persist in the community?
It can cause woody plants to proliferate and outcompete plants that have adapted to fire, reducing the number of plant species that can survive in the community.
Resources are often scarce in a habitat, and many species could compete for them. Plants in a garden, for example, may compete for soil nutrients, water, as well as light. Interspecific competition has a negative overall effect on both species involved. That is, if the other species did not exist, each species would fare better.
Interspecies competition occurs when two species compete for the same limited resource. Both species suffer as a result of competition. The ecological role of a species is defined by the set of conditions, resources, as well as interactions that it requires. According to the competitive exclusion principle, two species cannot coexist if they occupy the same niche.
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two particles are moving toward each other. both particles have a strong positive charge. as they move toward each other, how will the electric charge between the two particles change
PLSSS HELPPP A A AANNANANANAN
When two particles are travelling in the same direction and both of them have a strong positive charge, they will resist one another and the forces will act in the opposite direction.
What is electric force?
The strength of the electrical force between two charges when they come together depends on the nature of the charges. If the charges are similar, the forces will repel one another; otherwise, they will do the opposite.
Accordingly, if two particles are travelling in the same direction and both of them have a strong positive charge, they will resist one another and the forces will act in the other direction.
Therefore, like charges attract and unlike charges repel.
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What does it mean to have multiple alleles for a specific trait?
There are qualities that have three or more different types of alleles in both humans and other species (genes). We refer to a trait as having multiple allele inheritance when it has three or more different alleles.
What does it signify when a trait has many alleles?It is believed that most human genes have more than two typical alleles or variants. Multiple allele traits are those caused by a single gene that have more than two alleles.
Why do genes have numerous alleles?When a population contains a large number of different gene variants, many alleles exist. Each organism in a diploid organism, or one with two copies of every gene, has the capacity to express two alleles simultaneously.
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What is the gathering of a product for marketing?
The practice of evaluating the viability of a new service or product through study done directly with potential customers is known as market research, often known as “marketing research.”
What gathering of a product for marketing?The success of your business depends on the market research you do. You can learn how your business truly meets, exceeds, or falls short of your clients' or customers' expectations by conducting ongoing market research.
Therefore, This marketing data is obtained whenever a sale is made and documented. Additionally, marketing data is gathered when a sales person enters a customer's shipping preferences into a company's customer relationship management (CRM) system.
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which of the following conditions will most likely cause a normal body cell to become a cancer cell? responses the environment already contains cancer cells. the environment already contains cancer cells. the environment has an abundance of nutrients. the environment has an abundance of nutrients. the environment lacks signals that would otherwise tell the cell to stop dividing. the environment lacks signals that would otherwise tell the cell to stop dividing. the environment contains mutagens that induce mutations that affect cell-cycle regulator proteins.
The environment contains mutagens that induce mutations that affect cell-cycle regulator proteins. This condition will most likely cause a normal body cell to become a cancer cell.
Proteins, which regulate many vital functions such as cell growth, are encoded in genes. Protein function can be altered by genetic mutations. Some kinds of genetic mutations alter proteins, causing better and healthier cells to become cancerous or cancer cells
DNA repair genes play a role in the repair of damaged DNA. Cells with mutations in these genes are more likely to acquire supplementary mutations in other genes and chromosomal changes, such as chromosome duplications and deletions. These mutations, when combined, may end up causing the cells to develop into cancerous cells.
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in a population founded from two manx cats, why does the dominant allele not just disappear after 100 generations of selection?
The dominant allele is safeguarded in the heterozygote component of the Manx cat population because selection only affects homozygous dominant animals.
What distinguishes homozygous from heterozygous genetic makeup?
Each gene has two alleles, or variations, in each of us. When two identical copies of a gene are present, you are said to be homozygous for that gene. It contrasts with a heterozygous genotype, in which the alleles are distinct. Everyone who possesses a recessive trait, such as red hair or blue eyes, is homozygous for that gene.What is a homozygous example?
illustrative sentences using homozygous and heterozygous terms
You are homozygous for blonde hair if you have two copies of the allele. You are heterozygous for hair color if you have one copy of the gene for blonde hair and one copy of the allele for brown hair.
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sexual selection in a population choose one: a. can lead to physical differences between the males and females of a species. b. does not lead to evolution. c. reduces genetic variation in the population. d. always favors individuals with a higher survival potential.
The right response is option a, which states that morphological distinctions between males and females of a species can result from sexual selection in a population.
The tail of a peacock is a good illustration of partner selection. Peahens choose peacocks with huge, vibrant tails, which allows those peacocks to mate more frequently and produce younger ones. The genes for a long, colourful tail will be passed down from the father to the male peachicks, who will inherit these genes and develop comparable tails. There are two main factors that influence sexual selection. One is the preference of one sex (typically females) for members of the opposite sex who display particular features. The other is higher strength, which (often in males) results in better success in courting females.
So, we can conclude that option a, which claims that sexual selection can lead to physical differences between males and females of a species in a population, is the appropriate response.
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Which correctly describes the diagram?
The diagram correctly describes the phylogenetic relationships between different taxonomic groups in the classification of vertebrate animals.
What is a phylogenetic tree diagram?A phylogenetic tree diagram can be defined as a graphical representation of the relationships between different species and or taxonomic groups based on evolution, i.e., in the presence of the most recent common ancestor in all members of the groups.
A phylogenetic tree diagram is always based on homologies that are shared between taxa, which may be associated with certain morphological traits such as occurs in this case where it serves to classify groups according to the phenotypic traits that differentiate them.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that a phylogenetic tree diagram is based on the process of evolution which lead to the most recent common ancestor in the organism and or taxonomic groups represented in this tree.
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4) A hospital in Vienna noted that many of their female patients were dying of "childbed fever" after they had given
birth in the hospital. The rates of this fever were much higher in the hospital than they were for women who had given
birth at a different clinic. In fact, 10% of the women at the hospital contracted fever compared to 4% at the clinic.
Ignatz Semmelweis thought that the fever was being transmitted on the hands of doctors when they went from the
He asked the doctors to wash their hands and the number of cases of "childbed fever"
morgue to examine women.
He also noted that a doctor contracted the same fever after he cut himself with a scalpel that had been
were reduced.
used on an autopsy.
Semmelweis concluded that the fever was caused by some element that could be transferred from person to person.
REASONING: If fever is something that could be transferred from person to person, then...
Answer:
Explanation:
#
Our sense of taste originally was thought to involve only the following four
sensations
A) sweet, salty, starch, and bitter.
B) salty, fatty, bitter, and sweet.
C) sour, bitter, sweet, and starchy.
D) bitter, sweet, sour, and salty.
E) fruity, fatty, silky, and coarse.
Answer:
D) bitter, sweet, sour, and salty
Explanation:
Our sense of taste originally was thought to involve only the following four sensations: bitter, sweet, sour, and salty. These four sensations are the primary tastes that humans can detect, and they are thought to be the basis of our sense of taste. Other tastes, such as fat and umami (savory), are thought to be detected by other senses, such as touch and smell.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Production of oxygen during photosynthesis
is the primary goal of photosynthesis.
S
direct result of the electron transport chain.
is the byproduct of the breakdown of water.
occurs during the light-independent reactions
Chlorophyll takes energy from sunlight during the light-dependent processes that occur at the thylakoid membrane and then transforms it into chemical energy using water. As a consequence of the water's hydrolysis, oxygen is released by the light-dependent processes.
What is the purpose of photosynthesis in general?The primary goal of photosynthesis is to transform solar radiation into chemical energy that may be utilised to produce food.
The process of breaking down sugar in the presence of oxygen in the mitochondria of organisms (animals and plants) releases energy in the form of ATP.
While carbon dioxide is reduced inside the plant cell, water is oxidised, which means it loses electrons.
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PLS HELP!!!!
Which option best describes a scientific consensus?(1 point)
A. a general agreement among a few scientists that is supported by experimentation and investigation
B. an observation made by a scientist that is supported by experimentation and investigation
C. a general agreement among many scientists that is supported by evidence and reasoning
D. an observation made by a scientist that is supported by evidence and reasoning
_______________________________________________________
How is “lock and key” used to describe the action of enzymes? (1 point)
A. Enzymes are able to create gaps in cell walls that allow products to leave cells.
B. Enzymes have a shape that specifically fits the reactants, like a key in a lock.
C. Enzymes have a shape that specifically fits the reactants, like a key in a lock.
D. Enzymes have a shape that specifically fits the products, like a key in a lock.
The option that best describes a scientific consensus is a general agreement among many scientists that are supported by evidence and reasoning.
The correct option is C.
The lock and key model of enzyme catalysis is described as follows:
Enzymes have a shape that specifically fits the reactants, like a key in a lock.
The correct option is B.
What is a scientific consensus?A scientific consensus is a common agreement about a particular idea or theory that has achieved general acceptance among scientists.
A scientific consensus is arrived at after several corresponding experiments or research on a particular theory or idea by scientists all over the world.
When a scientific consensus is reached, the idea becomes a theory upon which other scientific ideas are based on and used to explain other ideas.
Enzymes are specific in their action and the mechanism of their action has been described using the lock and key model.
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