Physics
A cobalt-60 source with activity 2.6010-4 Ci is embedded in a tumor that hasmas 0.20 kg. The source emits gamma photons with average energy 1.25 MeV.Half the photons are absorbed in the tumor, and half escape.i. What energy is delivered to the tumor per second? [4 marks]ii. What absorbed dose, in rad, is delivered per second? [2 marks]iii. What equivalent dose, in rem, is delivered per second if the RBE forthese gamma rays is 0.70? [2 marks]Page 6 of 7iv. What exposure time is required for an equivalent dose of 200 rem? [2marks]B. A laser with power output of 2.0 mW at a wavelength of 400 nm is projectedonto a Calcium metal. The binding energy is 2.31 eV.i. How many electrons per second are ejected? [6 marks]ii. What power is carried away by the electrons? [4 marks]C. A hypodermic needle of diameter 1.19 mm and length 50 mm is used towithdraw blood from a patient? How long would it take for 500 ml of blood to betaken? Assume a blood viscosity of 0.0027 Pa.s and a pressure in the vein of1,900 Pa. [10 marks]D. A person with lymphoma receives a dose of 35 gray in the form of gammaradiation during a course of radiotherapy. Most of this dose is absorbed in 18grams of cancerous lymphatic tissue.i. How much energy is absorbed by the cancerous tissue? [2 marks]ii. If this treatment consists of five 15-minute sessions per week over thecourse of 5 weeks and just one percent of the gamma photons in thegamma ray beam are absorbed, what is the power of the gamma raybeam? [4 marks]iii. If the gamma ray beam consists of just 0.5 percent of the photonsemitted by the gamma source, each of which has an energy of 0.03MeV, what is the activity, in Curies, of the gamma ray source? [4 marks]E. A water heater that is connected across the terminals of a 15.0 V power supplyis able to heat 250 ml of water from room temperature of 25C to boiling pointin 45.0 secs. What is the resistance of the heater? The density of water is 1,000kg/m2 and the specific heat capacity of water is 4,200 J/kg/C. [10 marks]
This experiment is to see if water flows faster out of a smaller can or a larger can.You will need: two cans (one quite small like a soup can and the other large, like a juice, can.)Follow these steps:A. Remove the top of each can. Punch a hole in the side of each can, very close to the bottom, making sure the holes are equal in size. Cover each hole with a piece of tape, and place the cans next to the sink.B. Put water in both cans, making sure the water is at the same level - different amounts, but the same level. Turn the cans so the holes are facing into the sink, and remove the tape at the same time. Answer these questions: Do the streams of water shoot out at the same distance? Why or why not?C. Try the same experiment, but this time put one cup of water in each can. Whathappens to the streams of water now?D. Try the same experiment, but this time fill both cans to the top. What happens to the streams of water?