8. use the ad-as framework- in the simple keynesian model- to depict an economy in equilibrium with a recessionary gap. then tell why keynes believed that the government may have a management role to play in the economy

Answers

Answer 1

In managing the economy, the government may have a role to play. To lift the economy out of the recessionary gap and bring it to its Natural Real GDP level, the government may need to increase TE sufficiently, in Keynes' opinion.

What role, in Keynes' view, should the government play in the economy?

Since, in Keynes' words, "In the long run, we are all dead," governments should deal with problems now rather than waiting for long-term ones to be generated by market forces. This is not to say that Keynesians are in favor of readjusting policy to preserve full employment on a regular basis.

What does Keynes mean by the government multiplier and how does it fit into his strategy for battling the recession?

The Keynesian multiplier calculates the amount of demand that is generated for each dollar of public spending. For example, a multiplier of two generates two dollars' worth of gross domestic product (GDP) for every $1 that is spent. Most economists agree that there is just one Keynesian multiplier.

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Related Questions

True / False Questions(6)

(2 points each)

1. Effective managers recognize that given the complexity of many tasks, some failures are inevitable.

True False



2. Effective decision-making relies on logic and not emotions.

True False



3. For programmed decisions, managers often develop heuristics, or mental shortcuts, to help reach a

decision.

True False



4. Time pressures causes managers to neglect heuristics and engage in deep processing for decision

making.

True False



5. When satisficing, a decision maker selects the best solution.

True False



6. In order to reduce groupthink, groups can assign a member to play the devil's advocate.

True False

Answers

1. It is true that effective managers know how to accomplish tasks.

2. It is true that a good decision can only be made by using logics.

3. The given statement is false

4. Managers do not engage in deep processing, due to shortage of time.
Hence, the given statement is false.

5. The given statement is true as a decision makers chooses  the most appropriate solution.

6. It is true that devil's advocate helps to brainstorm the ideas.

What duty does a management have that is most crucial?

Making a strategy to achieve business goals and objectives is one of a manager's primary responsibilities. This entails allocating human resources, assigning duties, and establishing reasonable completion dates and criteria.

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if all of the government’s debt were internal, would financing that debt make the nation poorer?

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if all of the government’s debt were internal, would financing that debt makes the nation poorer is a false statement.

What is debt?

Debt may be defined as the sum that the borrower owes the bank. A debt is an amount of money that has been received for a specified time frame and must be repaid, plus interest.

External existing debt results in equalization; the process does not make a country poorer. The debt will in time need to be equalized as some point of time in time. The debtor's creditworthiness affects both the debt's size and its acceptance.

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Job analysis information should not be collected through: O direct observation of the employee doing their job O interviews with the job incumbent about the job O filming employees as they perform their jobs. O past performance evaluations of the job incumbent. You are manager at Quickhawk, a prescription eyewear retailer. Recently, your boss asked you to hire a new optical assembler. You are now ready to begin recruiting. You know that if you use internal recruiting, you will be likely to bring new ideas into the company, so you decide to use that approach. Which of the following actions could you take to implement your decision? O Design a career path O Publish an advertisement on an Internet job site O Create a job posting

Answers

1. Job analysis information should not be collected through past performance evaluations of the job incumbent. 2. To hire a new optical assembler it is required to publish an advertisement on an Internet job site.

Give a brief account on advertisement.

Advertising is a process and a set of techniques used to promote a product or service. With the help of advertising, businesses hope to draw consumers' attention to their goods and services. Although there are many uses, the commercial advertisement is the most typical. It is frequently employed to advertise a particular product or service.

Through "branding," which links a product name or image with particular traits in consumers' minds, commercial advertising frequently aim to boost consumption of their goods or services. On the other hand, advertisements that are meant to result in an immediate sale are referred to as direct-response advertisements. Political parties, interest groups, religious institutions, and governmental bodies are examples of non-commercial organizations that promote themselves more than consumer goods or services. Public service announcements are one instance of a free persuasion strategy that nonprofit organizations may employ. Through advertising, a corporation can reassure shareholders or employees of its viability or success.

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if the value of goods and services that australia purchases from the united states are less than the value of goods and services that the united states purchases from australia, then the united states has

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With Australia, there are both negative net exports and a trade imbalance.

What is goods and services?

An economic system's output is goods and services. Services are acts performed for the benefit of the recipients, whereas goods are tangible products made available to customers. Among the products are clothing, homes goods, and automobiles. Services include things like consulting, cleaning, and legal advice. Production at a company might be anywhere between these two concepts. For instance, a landscaping company may give a homeowner a tree (a good) and also take care of the yard (a service).

A physical object that buyers want or own is a good. Customers want services even when they are not tangible, physical objects. Frequently, a service may be provided remotely as well. What individuals consume and pay for is generally referred to as "goods" and "services."

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Budget development for the coming year usually starts
a. a year in advance.
b. the last month of the previous year.
c. the first month of the year to be budgeted.
d. several months before the end of the current year.

Answers

The development of a budget for the coming year will usually start d. several months before the end of the current year.

When does a new budget start being developed ?

A new budget for a company will start being developed about several months before the end of the current year that the company is in. This is to ensure that the company can cater for different things before the coming year begins.

It also allows the company the liberty of being more current with the realties of the market than if the company decided to start a year in advance as a lot of things can change in a year.

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shaniqua's shirts uses both in-house and outside suppliers and also sells its shirts through its own retail stores and through independent retailers. shaniqua's shirts uses ______.

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Shaniqua's shirts uses taper integration for both in-house and outside suppliers.

What is tapered integration?

An organizational theory concept known as tapered integration describes a combination of market interchange and vertical integration. A producer upstream might generate a portion of the input themselves and purchase the remainder from unaffiliated businesses. The manufacturer may sell some of its output downstream through an internal sales team and the remaining portions through external sales teams. It is unknown when the phrase "taped integration" was first used, however it can be found in legal publications like the Yale Law Journal as early as the 1950s. William King Norris' case study is the earliest instance of the term in academic literature.

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when pent-2-yne is treated with h2o, h2so4, and hgso4, two enols are formed. draw the second ketone formed from these enols after tautomerization.

Answers

Pent-2-yne's ability to absorb water is regulated by the CH3 group's hype conjugative influence.

Dilute H2SO4 and HgSO4 are used to treat pent-2-yne, and the resulting

CH³CH²C≡CCH³→{CH³CH²CH=CCH³]

pentan-2-one=CH³CH²CH²CCH³

The first product to develop is an enol, which tautomerizes to the more stable keto form. The process is an illustration of oxymercuration.

Enol is produced from pent-2-yne. Depending on the carbon to which water is added during the reaction, pent-2-yne and water form two enols. The process involves the production of a ring by a mercury ion, followed by the addition of a water molecule to create an enol.  Keto-enol tautomerism is the equilibrium interconversion of a carbonyl's keto form and enol form.

As compared to the enol form, the keto form is more stable. As a result, the carbonyl molecule in its keto form will be the main byproduct of the interaction between alkyne and water. Two ketones are produced through tautomerism of the two enols made from alkynes as shown by: Tautomerism results in the formation of ketones from the two enols. Pent-2-yne's interaction with water

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a 55 year old recently received a $30 000 distribution

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A 55 year historic lately received a $30,000 distribution from a preceding employer's 401k plan, minus $6,000 withholding.

Which tax would an IRA participant be subjected to on distributions?

IRAs: An IRA distribution paid to you is situation to 10% withholding except you choose out of withholding or pick to have a specific quantity withheld. You can keep away from withholding taxes if you pick out to do a trustee-to-trustee switch to some other IRA.

Do I have to record my IRA distributions on my tax return?

Regardless of your age, you will want to file a Form 1040 and show the quantity of the IRA withdrawal. Since you took the withdrawal earlier than you reached age 59 1/2, unless you met one of the exceptions, you will need to pay an additional 10% tax on early distributions on your Form 1040.

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Coed Novelties manufactures key chains for college bookstores. During 2003, the company had the following costs:
Direct materials used $ 31,000
Direct labor 18,000
Factory rent 12,000
Equipment deprecation – factory 2,000
Equipment depreciation – office 750
Marketing expense 2,500
Administrative expenses 40,000
35,000 units produced were in 2003. What is the product cost per unit?
a. approximately $1.24
b. $1.80
c. approximately $3.04
d. $1.40
e. approximately $1.82

Answers

If Coed Novelties manufactures key chains for college bookstores. The product cost per unit is: b. $1.80

How to find the product cost per units ?

Using this formula to find the product cost per units

Product cost per units = (Direct materials used + Direct labor +Factory rent + Equipment deprecation – factory) / Number of units produced

Let plug in the formula

Product cost per units  = ($31,000 + $18,000 + $12,000 + $2,000) / 35,000 units

Product cost per units = $63,000 / $35,000 units

Product cost per units = $1.80 per units

Therefore the correct option is B.

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larry purchases land to be used for a new corporate headquarters. which of the following items are capitalized in the cost of land?

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The cost of demolishing an old structure, legal expenditures for obtaining title, title insurance, land preparation are capitalized in the cost of land.

What does the capitalized cost of land include?

Land purchased for the purpose of building a house is capitalized as land. Any costs made in preparing the land for use, such as razing the structure, will be considered part of the land. Capitalizing expenses is advantageous because businesses that acquire new assets with long-term lifespans can amortize or depreciate the charges. This is referred to as capitalization. These expenses include the purchase price of the land, title fees, legal fees, survey fees, and zoning fees. Site preparation expenditures such as grading and draining are often included, as is the cost of demolishing an old structure. All of these expenses may be considered usual and essential in order to prepare the land for its intended purpose.

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discuss the benefits that a strong executive provides to a republican government

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The President appoints the heads of all Federal agencies, including the Cabinet, with the duty of carrying out and upholding the laws passed by Congress. A member of the Executive Branch who is prepared to take over as President if necessary is the Vice President.

What advantages can a strong presidency bring to the Federal Republic?

For there to be a good government, there must be a powerful executive. It defends against foreign invasions, is necessary for the enforcement of the law, aids in the preservation of private property, and ensures freedom.

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you are working as a contracted information technology specialist. you have been contacted by james otis tax associates, a small tax preparation company. the company is growing rapidly and is opening a new office. they are focused on hiring and retaining the best in the field, and they believe that one way to do this is to provide every employee with the appropriate tools and technology they need to effectively complete their work. your company has been asked to provide its expertise in identifying the technology components needed for the computer systems and network for the three employees in the new office. they would also like you to address the security needs of the various employees.

Answers

In order to provide the best advice for the James Otis Tax Associates, I would need to understand the exact requirements of their new office. This would include the specific needs of the three employees, the type of work that will be done, and the budget available for technology components.

What is employee?
A worker hired by such an employer to perform a specific task is known as an employee. Employers are in charge of deciding how much an employee is paid, when they work, and how they work. Employees receive advantages that contractors do not in return. An employer can hire a certain category of worker to carry out a specific task. Contrary to contractors, who enjoy greater freedom than employees, an employer has control over what an employee is doing and how it will be carried out. Following a selection as an employee following an application and interview process, the employee is hired by the employer. The candidate is chosen after the employer determines that they are the most qualified candidate for the position for which they are hiring.

Once I have a full understanding of the requirements, I can recommend the appropriate hardware, software, and network infrastructure needed to meet the needs of the employees. I would also be able to suggest any additional security measures that need to be taken. This may include firewalls, antivirus software, and any other measures that may be necessary to protect the company's data. In addition, I can provide advice and assistance on the installation, configuration, and maintenance of the technology components. I can also provide training to the employees so that they can use the technology effectively and securely.  Overall, I can provide the James Otis Tax Associates with the necessary expertise and guidance to ensure that their new office is equipped with the best technology for their employees.

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larry received $4,250 from disability insurance that he purchased earlier this year from an insurance provider. larry is allowed to exclude the $4,250 from his gross income.

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The following statement "Larry received $4,250 from disability insurance that he purchased earlier this year from an insurance provider. Larry is allowed to exclude the $4,250 from his gross income" is True.

A party undertakes to ensure another party compensation in the case of a certain loss, damage, or injury in exchange for a fee as a way of financial loss protection. It is a method of risk management that is mostly applied to protect against the risk of a potential loss that may or may not occur.

An organization that offers insurance is referred to as an underwriter, insurer, insurance business, or carrier. A policyholder is a person or entity that purchases insurance, whereas an insured is a person or entity that the policy covers.

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Due to the personal enjoyment element involved with business meals not purchased from a restaurant, taxpayers may only deduct ______% of the actual cost

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Due to the personal enjoyment element involved with business meals not purchased from a restaurant, taxpayers may only deduct 50% of the actual cost.

What does "personal enjoyment" mean?

In order to have personal satisfaction, a person must feel glad, content, thrilled, delighted, or content—but never despondent or without any feelings at all. As unique as each person is, so are the ways in which they find happiness. What makes one person happy could make another depressed.

What advantages do daily pursuits of your interests offer?

Whatever your taste, studies have shown that when you pursue things you enjoy, you're more likely to experience lower levels of stress, a slower heart rate, and a better mood. Involvement in the environment is also more likely.

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suppose a consumer consumes two goods, x and y. the slope of the budget constraint equals the

Answers

Answer: Relative Price

Explanation:

Relative Price means the ratio of the price of a specific product in one period to the price of the same product in another period. It is normally a ratio between the prices of two goods. This can normally occur due to changes in market supply and demand, changes in employee labor rate, etc.

Relative Price determines the slope of the budget constraint.

So, when a consumer consumes two goods, x and y, the slope of the budget constraint equals the relative price of the two goods.

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if the short-run aggregate supply curve is horizontal, an increase in union aggressiveness that pushes wages and prices up will result in prices and output in the short run. a) lower;lower b) higher;higher; c) lower; higher; d) higher; lower

Answers

If the short-run aggregate supply curve is horizontal, an increase in union aggressiveness that pushes wages and prices up will result in higher prices and lower output in the short run (D).

Aggregate Supply is the total output of products produced within an aconomy at a given price in a giver time period. Aggregate suspply curve represents the relationship between price levels and the quantity of output that firms are willing to produce.

In the short-run, aggregate supply responds to the fluctuation of demands by changing the use of current inputs in the production process. In the short-run, the level of capital is fixed and a company cannot generate new working capital to increase the production efficiency.

When union aggressively pushes the wages up, this will put firms in difficult position because they have to allocate more costs to direct labors and wages expenses. Because the limitation of working capital, the only way out for those firms are to increase their product's prices and lower their production output.

This condition will shifted the Short-run aggregate supply curve and resulted in higher prices and lower output in the short-run.

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Recently, 15-year mortgages have increased in popularity amongst both borrowers and lenders. Which of the following groups of borrowers would typically be the least interested in
a 15-year mortgage?
A. Mature households with minimal financial constraints
B. First-time homebuyers
C. Homeowners who are refinancing to obtain a lower rate than is available on a comparable 30-year mortgage
D. Homeowners who are interested in selling their property within five years

Answers

First-time homebuyers of borrowers would typically be the least interested in a 15-year mortgage.

A loan is a settlement between you and a lender that gives the lender the proper to take your private home in case you fail to pay off the money you have borrowed plus interest. mortgage loans are used to buy a domestic or to borrow cash towards the fee of a home you already very own.

Mortgages are to be had with two distinctive types of hobby prices: fixed and adjustable. On a fixed-charge mortgage, the hobby rate stays identical for the entire life of the loan. that means you lock inside the interest fee of the present-day market for the next 15-30 years.

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Oriole Company borrows $86,400 on July 1 from the bank by signing a $86,400, 8%, 1-year note payable. (a) Prepare the journal entry to record the proceeds of the note. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.)

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Oriole Company borrows $86,400 on July 1 from the bank by signing a $86,400, 8%, 1-year note payable. The Journal entry will be debit : cash for 86,400 and credit : notes payable for 86,400.

The transactions pertaining to adjustment entries, opening stock, depreciation, accounting mistakes, etc. are documented in a general journal, which is a daybook or subsidiary journal. General journal entries may have invoices, copies of management reports, and journal vouchers as their source materials.

Prime entry books, also known as books of original entry, are journals because transactions were first recorded in a journal before being physically posted to accounts in the main ledger or a subsidiary ledger. It is the process of recording double entry bookkeeping transactions by debiting one or more accounts and crediting one or more other accounts with the same sum of money.

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A machine with a book value of $38,000 is sold for $32,000 cash. Which of the following answers would accurately represent the effects of the sale on the financial statements?
Balance Sheet Income Statement Statement of Cash Flows
Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity Revenue/Gain Expense/Loss = Net Income
A. 38,000 = n/a + 38,000 38,000 n/a = 38,000 38,000 I/A
B. (6,000) = n/a + (6,000) n/a 6,000 = (6,000) 6,000 OA
C. (6,000) = n/a + (6,000) n/a 6,000 = (6,000) 6,000 IA
D. (6,000) = n/a + (6,000) n/a 6,000 = (6,000) 32,000 IA
Multiple Choice
Option A
Option B
Option D
Option C

Answers

The option which would accurately represent the effects of the sale on the financial statements is option D which is (6,000) = n/a + (6,000) n/a 6,000 = (6,000) 32,000 IA.

Balance Sheet

Assets = Liabilities + Stockholder's Equity

Machine = $38,000

Cash = $32,000

Loss on sale = $6,000

Total = $6,000

Income Statement

Revenue/Gain - Expenses/loss = Net income

n/a - $6,000 = ($6,000)

Statement of Cash flows

= $32,000 IA

Therefore, option D is correct and the remaining options are incorrect.

A balance sheet is a budget summary that reports an organization's resources, liabilities, and investor value. The monetary record is one of the three center budget reports that are utilized to assess a business. It gives a preview of an organization's funds (what it claims and owes) as of the date of distribution.

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companies must have a carefully constructed inventory policy in order to

Answers

Companies must have a carefully constructed inventory policy in order to manage available funds and maximize profitability.

What is an inventory policy?

An inventory policy is an integral part of inventory management which helps manage stock flow in a better manner.

A very effective inventory policy is a good theoretical objective but at a practical level, it becomes difficult to achieve because the senior management’s views differs concerning the role of inventory and the knowledge and skills of supply chain and logistics professionals to structure a decision making process for an inventory policy.

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how would the failure of a systemically important financial institution (sifi) affect the economy?

Answers

SIFI refers to financial institutions that are too large to fail due to their importance to the US economy. SIFI institutions are subject to more restrictions than other financial institutions since their collapse might result in a financial catastrophe affecting the whole economy.

Sifi too big to fail

A SIFI is considered "too large to fail," and extra regulatory requirements are placed to prevent it from failing. A systemically important financial institution (SIFI) is a corporation that U.S. authorities decide would represent a significant danger to the economy if it failed.

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Which famous chain has exactly one remaining location? circuit city blockbuster borders sports authority.

Answers

In 1985, when it originally started operations, Blockbuster had more than 9,000 locations nationwide. But as soon as businesses like Netflix and Redbox began offering on-demand digital services, the business models rapidly become stale.

Blockbuster declared bankruptcy in 2010, and soon after that, it began shutting its locations despite efforts from numerous franchise locations to remain open. There is presently only one Blockbuster left in Bend, Oregon.

The shop, a well-liked tourist attraction, offers "Last Blockbuster on the Planet" caps, t-shirts, sweatshirts, and novelty mugs. By franchising its goods and name, a company may quickly expand its geographic reach or market share.

The original company is the franchisor. It declares that its name and concept will be licensed for use. The franchisee purchases the right to use a recognizable brand and business model to market the franchisor's products or services.

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the keynesian transmission mechanism could be blocked by either interest-insensitive investment or by the liquidity trap.

Answers

Either interest-insensitive investment or the liquidity trap have the potential to obstruct the Keynesian transmission mechanism. Typically, the money supply curve is horizontal. The investment demand curve is horizontal in the liquidity trap.

Which best sums up how the money supply grows in a Keynesian transmission model?

Falling interest rates encourage investment spending, which in turn raises overall spending and moves the AD curve to the right.

By liquidity trap, what do you mean?

An expansionary monetary policy (increase in money supply) in a liquidity trap prevents economic growth by failing to raise interest rates or income.

The most extreme outcome of monetary policy is the liquidity trap.

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In the context of talent development approaches, which of the following is true of classroom courses?
a.The effectiveness of classroom instruction is independent of the instructor's styles and subject matter.
b.The lecture system used in classroom instruction encourages active listening.
c.The lecture system sometimes used in classroom instruction reduces learner participation.
d.The effectiveness of classroom instruction is independent of the size of the group of trainees.

Answers

In the context of talent development approaches, the truth about  classroom courses is that .The effectiveness of classroom instruction is independent of the instructor's styles and subject matter. Option A

What is meant by styles of instruction?

The guiding ideas, managerial techniques, and educational frameworks for classroom instruction are referred to as teaching styles, sometimes known as teaching approaches. At the start of the twentieth century, various educational philosophies were used.

Consider teaching methods in terms of the three Ds: directing, discussing, and delegating.

The guiding technique encourages learning by having students pay attention to and follow instructions.The discussion-based learning method encourages social learning.The delegation approach encourages learning by empowering others.

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question 8 as a project manager, which of the following are personal sources of power? select all that apply.

Answers

As a project manager, character, role, information, knowledge are personal sources of power.

What is the source of personal power within an organization?

Authority can occasionally be derived from a person's position within an organization or from their level of skill and specialized knowledge. Others might use their personality strength or interpersonal connections to exert power. Others also become influential by having access to crucial resources.

What are the two primary forms of individual power?

Positive attributes and qualities combine to give people personal strength. Personal power has two basic foundations, namely referent power and expert power.

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paper money in the united states is circulating debt of the and has no intrinsic value.

Answers

Paper cash, in contrast to product cash, has no or very little natural worth. Therefore, paper cash is government issued currency. Consequently, the right response is government-issued currency.

What is government-issued currency?

Cash that isn't supported by a ware, like gold or silver, is known as government-issued currency. It is typically assigned as legitimate cash by the responsible government. Neighborhood banks and different associations have once in a while delivered government-issued currency since the beginning of time. Government-issued currency is in many cases allowed under unofficial law in contemporary times.

Government-issued currency, as a rule, has no inherent worth and no utility worth. It just has esteem because individuals who use it as a unit of record - or, on account of money, a vehicle of trade - settle on its worth.

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Which of the following represents a human resource factor that firms must consider when selecting an FDI location?A) intellectual property protectionB) transparency and corruptionC) extent of bureaucracy and red tapeD) involvement of labor unions

Answers

The involvement of labor unions represents a human resource factor that firms must consider when selecting an FDI location.

Economic theory holds that foreign direct investment (FDI) favors labor-intensive, low-tech output in emerging nations while favoring industrialized nations for high-tech production. FDI typically travels to nations where it is possible to use the internalization benefits of foreign investments to combine ownership advantages with location-specific advantages of the host nations (UNCTAD, 1998). FDI typically depends on a variety of investment-related criteria, such as the investment's motivation (market, resource, or efficiency reasons), the sector of the investment (manufacturing or services), and the size of the multinational firm or investor.

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The Northwest Cherry Growers (headquartered in the state of Washington) sells much of its locally grown produce to Taiwan. _____ was the easiest and least expensive way for the growers' association to sell to global markets.
exporting

Answers

Export was the easiest and least expensive way for the growers' association to sell to global markets.

Is the amount of money left over from a company's sales income after production costs are subtracted?

The difference between a company's gross revenue and all of its costs, including fixed costs, is known as net revenue or net income. Because gross revenue only gives you a partial image of your company's total picture, it's critical to understand the differences between the two. Budgeting cannot be done with the gross sales of your business.

What is the purpose of the group of answer options when supply and demand are balanced and the price of the good or service is established?

Price in equilibrium. If a product exchange takes place, the agreed-upon cost.

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TRUE/FALSE. if ryan wants to invest in an index mutual fund, he should not expect his fund to behave differently than the underlying index.

Answers

The following statement "If ryan wants to invest in an index mutual fund, he should not expect his fund to behave differently than the underlying index" is True.

A mutual fund is a professionally managed investment fund that gathers capital from many investors to purchase securities. The term is commonly used in the United States, Canada, and India, while similar structures around the world include SICAV in Europe and the Open End Investment Company (OEIC) in the United Kingdom.

Mutual funds are generally classified according to their primary investments: money market funds, bond or fixed income funds, equity or equity funds, or hybrid funds. Funds can also be classified as index funds, which are passively managed funds that track the performance of an index, such as a stock index or bond index.

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FILL IN THE BLANK. bond market values are expressed as a percentage of their par (face) value. for example, a company's bonds might be trading at 103, which means that they can be bought or sold for___of their par value.

Answers

Bond market values are expressed as a percentage of their par (face) value. for example, a company's bonds might be trading at 103, which means that they can be bought or sold for 103% of their par value.

In a bond, the issuer owes the bond holder money and is required under the bond's terms to return the bond's capital and income within a specified period of time until the bond matures.

The borrower can receive external liquidity through the sale of the bond in order to finance long-term investments or, in the case of government bonds, to cover urgent costs. Bondholders have the interest of creditors, whereas shareholders have an equity stake in a firm, even though both stocks and bonds are regarded as securities.

The above question is incomplete, the complete question is-

Bond market values are expressed as a percentage of their par (face) value. For example, a company's bonds might be trading at 103, which means that they can be bought or sold for ____ of their par value.

Multiple choice question.

103%

100.3%

10.3%

0.103%

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